Perception 2013

8/13/2019 Perception 2013

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Perception

Shubhra P Gaur


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Take aways from the exercise:

The subjectivity of perceptionsfrom the witnesses statements/jurys inferences

We see what we want to see: Same information is likely to be used forexecution and acquittal, suggesting that otherwise neutral informationis inter connected with our unique experiences in support of ourstance/decision.

Halo effect: overall opinion of the person impacting further descriptionPerceptual set-previously held beliefs: Lower socio eco status peopleand crime are related and Misery of debt is a common cause ofmurder/suicide

Highlight the stereotypes of the witnesses and jury members whichprevents them from questioning their own inferences / witnessesstatements. Young are impulsive.


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What is the difference between perception

and sensation


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Sensation deals with very elementary

reception of external or internal stimuli that is

determined largely by physiological

functioning

Perception is much more broader and

complex. It is a process or filter that can be

defined as a complicated interaction ofselection, organization and interpretation


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Stages in the perceptual process

Receiving

Selecting

Organizing Interpreting

Checking

Reacting


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Selection

External Factors

Intensity

Size

Contrast

Movement

Repetition

Familiarity

Novelty

Internal Factors

Psychological need

Background

Learning & Experience

Personality

Self acceptance


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Organizing

Grouping Similarity-background

Proximity-a department, a team

Closure-of incomplete info

Figure-ground-figure is in focus Perceptual constancy- Tendency to stabilize

perceptions so that contextual changes do not

affect them. Helps to perceive similarproblems with same perspective even ifcontext changes.


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Factors which influence interpreting

Perceptual set-Previously held beliefs

Stereotyping-opinion about a particular group

The halo effect-opinion/ impression formedabout a single person based on one or twofavourable / unfavourable characteristics

Perceptual defense-data conflicting with ones

beliefs are rejected Contextual factors- interpersonal, background,

organizational climate


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In Conclusion

Perception is about several things-situations,

events, persons, objects , causes.

Check before responding

Identify errors in perception and rectify them


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Periodically remind yourselves that

Perception is a unique interpretation of reality

not an exact replica of reality.


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Social Perception

Process of interpreting information about

another person


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Characterstics of the perceiver

Psychological need/mood

Background

Learning & Experience Personality/Self concept

Familiarity with the stimuli (situation/persons

involved) Cognitive structures-attitudes and beleifs


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Characteristics of the target

Physical appearance including attractiveness

Verbal Communication

Non verbal communication


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Characteristics of the situation

Context

Strength of the cues in the situation


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Barriers to accurate social perception

Selective perception-tendency to choose information

that supports our viewpoint

Stereotyping-generalization about a group of people First impression-

Projection that others are similar to us and that they

have similar beliefs, values etc.

Halo Effect


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Fundamental Attribution error

Underestimating situational causes and

overestimating internal factors when attributing

causes for negative events in others case

Overestimating situational causes andunderestimating internal factors when attributing

causes for negative events in ones own case


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Kelleys Attribution theory

yes

Consistency

Does the personalways behave like

this in this situation?

yes

yes

Distinctiveness

Does the personbehave differently in

diff situations?

no

yes

Consensus

Do others behavesimilarly in this

situation?

no

situation Internal

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Perception 2013