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Perception
Shubhra P Gaur
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Take aways from the exercise:
The subjectivity of perceptionsfrom the witnesses statements/jurys inferences
We see what we want to see: Same information is likely to be used forexecution and acquittal, suggesting that otherwise neutral informationis inter connected with our unique experiences in support of ourstance/decision.
Halo effect: overall opinion of the person impacting further descriptionPerceptual set-previously held beliefs: Lower socio eco status peopleand crime are related and Misery of debt is a common cause ofmurder/suicide
Highlight the stereotypes of the witnesses and jury members whichprevents them from questioning their own inferences / witnessesstatements. Young are impulsive.
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What is the difference between perception
and sensation
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Sensation deals with very elementary
reception of external or internal stimuli that is
determined largely by physiological
functioning
Perception is much more broader and
complex. It is a process or filter that can be
defined as a complicated interaction ofselection, organization and interpretation
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Stages in the perceptual process
Receiving
Selecting
Organizing Interpreting
Checking
Reacting
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Selection
External Factors
Intensity
Size
Contrast
Movement
Repetition
Familiarity
Novelty
Internal Factors
Psychological need
Background
Learning & Experience
Personality
Self acceptance
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Organizing
Grouping Similarity-background
Proximity-a department, a team
Closure-of incomplete info
Figure-ground-figure is in focus Perceptual constancy- Tendency to stabilize
perceptions so that contextual changes do not
affect them. Helps to perceive similarproblems with same perspective even ifcontext changes.
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Factors which influence interpreting
Perceptual set-Previously held beliefs
Stereotyping-opinion about a particular group
The halo effect-opinion/ impression formedabout a single person based on one or twofavourable / unfavourable characteristics
Perceptual defense-data conflicting with ones
beliefs are rejected Contextual factors- interpersonal, background,
organizational climate
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In Conclusion
Perception is about several things-situations,
events, persons, objects , causes.
Check before responding
Identify errors in perception and rectify them
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Periodically remind yourselves that
Perception is a unique interpretation of reality
not an exact replica of reality.
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Social Perception
Process of interpreting information about
another person
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Characterstics of the perceiver
Psychological need/mood
Background
Learning & Experience Personality/Self concept
Familiarity with the stimuli (situation/persons
involved) Cognitive structures-attitudes and beleifs
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Characteristics of the target
Physical appearance including attractiveness
Verbal Communication
Non verbal communication
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Characteristics of the situation
Context
Strength of the cues in the situation
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Barriers to accurate social perception
Selective perception-tendency to choose information
that supports our viewpoint
Stereotyping-generalization about a group of people First impression-
Projection that others are similar to us and that they
have similar beliefs, values etc.
Halo Effect
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Fundamental Attribution error
Underestimating situational causes and
overestimating internal factors when attributing
causes for negative events in others case
Overestimating situational causes andunderestimating internal factors when attributing
causes for negative events in ones own case
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Kelleys Attribution theory
yes
Consistency
Does the personalways behave like
this in this situation?
yes
yes
Distinctiveness
Does the personbehave differently in
diff situations?
no
yes
Consensus
Do others behavesimilarly in this
situation?
no
situation Internal