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Performance Enhancing & Recreational
Drugs
Drugs
Drugs
Drugs
Most Sporting Governing Bodies (like FIFA, IOC, IAAF, IRB etc) have a list of Banned Substances.
This means that Athletes that compete in a Sport or Activity that is Governed by that body may not use any substance on that list to gain a competitive edge.
The following drugs are on most Banned Substance lists:
Drugs: Performance Enhancing
These are used by athletes who want to bulk up and increase their muscle mass. They also allow the athlete to train harder.
They have many side-effects, including skin problems, high blood pressure, heart disease, infertility, Gynecomastia, and cancer. They can also cause women to take on male characteristics such as facial hair and a deeper voice!!
Anabolic Agents (Steroids)
Anabolic Agents (Steroids)
Stimulants reduce pain, increase reaction speed and raise aggression
They are highly addictive and have side effects including high blood pressure, strokes, heart and liver problems. They can also increase the risk of injury as pain is suppressed, causing the athlete to continue to train or compete.
The most common are Cocaine and Methamphetamine.
Stimulant
Stimulants
Stimulants
Athletes use diuretics for one of two reasons. Either to loose weight quickly (such as a boxer or jockey needing to meet weight) through the effect of increased urination, or to clear traces of other substances from their urine.
They cause dehydration which can seriously affect your performance in a negative way!
Benzthiazide, cyclothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, and polythiazide are some examples.
Diuretics
Diuretics
These are pain killers which athletes use to mask pain from an injury or overtraining.
These are highly addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop using them. Constipation and low blood pressure are other side effects
Narcotic Analgesics
Narcotic Analgesic
Narcotic Analgesic
These include EPO (Erythropoetin) which works a bit like blood doping. Most other peptide hormones have similar effects to anabolic steroids .
They can cause strokes and abnormal growth patterns.
Peptide Hormones
These Drugs are completely banned by most Sporting Governing Bodies.
There are, however, some Drugs (except Alcohol) that are allowed to be taken provided the athlete has a genuine medical use for it. In order to use some of the following drugs, you require a “Theraputic Use Exemption Certificate”:
Exceptions
These are used to lower the heart rate, but also have the effect of reducing anxiety and steadying shaking hands .
They're banned in some sports where they may cause an advantage, such as shooting .
Beta Blockers
Beta Blockers
These are used to reduce pain and inflammation from injuries and also in inflammatory conditions like asthma .
They can side-effects including diabetes and brittle bones .
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids
Alcohol is sometimes used by athletes to calm nerves.
It can however reduce coordination, judgment and reactions. Long term use has more serious side-effects such as liver, kidney and heart failure
Alcohol
Alcohol
These are usually in the form of an injection to an injured area to reduce pain.
They may be allowed in some sports for medical purposes.
Local Anaesthetics
Local Anaesthetics
Drug testing is monitored closely to make sure results are accurate and athletes are protected. Tests can be performed at any time, in or out of competition.
Urine samples are taken and divided into two samples - A and B
The A sample is then tested.If a positive result is found, sample B is then tested.If this is also positive the athlete faces as much as a
lifetime ban.Refusing to take a drugs test is taken as failing a
drugs test.
Drug Testing
Drug Testing
Blood doping involves:Removing red blood cells from the athlete and
freezing them.Over the next few weeks the athletes body makes
more red blood cells to replace those removed.A few days before a competition the athlete injects
the stored red blood cells back into their body.This means they now have the capacity to carry more
Oxygen which improves cardiovascular performance.This has possibly dangerous side effects such as
allergic reactions, kidney damage, stroke and transfer of viruses and infections.
Blood Doping
Blood Doping
Ben Johnson
Banned!!
Matt Stevens
Adrian Mutu
Banned!!
Richard Gasquet
Banned!!