Period and Groups

When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period

When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. The elements in a group have the same number of electrons in their outer orbital (Valence).

ReactivityAlkali Metals and Halogens are very reactive because they have either 1 or 7 valence electrons

Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be

grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.

Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.

Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

As we go through the groups, label them on your periodic table with their name (alkali metals, transition metals, etc)

ALKALI METALSGroup 1Hydrogen is not a member,

it is a non-metal1 electron in the outer shellSoft and silvery metalsVery reactive, esp. with

waterConduct electricity

Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 22 electrons in the

outer shellWhite and

malleableReactive, but less

than Alkali metalsConduct

electricity

TRANSITION METALSGroups 3- 12

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Some are used for jewelry.

The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.

Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

BORON FAMILY Group 133 electrons in

the outer shellMost are metalsBoron is a

metalloid

CARBON FAMILY Group 144 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

NITROGEN FAMILY Group 155 electrons in

the outer shellCan share

electrons to form compounds

Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

OXYGEN FAMILY Group 166 electrons in

the outer shellContains

metals, metalloids, and non-metals

Reactive

HalogensGroup 177 electrons in

the outer shellAll are non-

metalsVery reactive

are often bonded with elements from Group 1

Noble GasesGroup 18Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the

outer shell = FullHelium (He) has

only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full

Not reactive with other elements

Rare Earth MetalsSome are

RadioactiveThe rare

earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.

Conduct electricity

Color by Type Color Code the periodic table as below Make a key or legend as seen below

Hole punch the periodic table to keep in your notebook for future useKeep your notes somewhere safe!