Periodic Table of the Elements A Chemist’s “Cheat Sheet”

Periodic Table of the

ElementsA Chemist’s “Cheat Sheet”

Development of the Periodic Table

Dmitri Mendeleev – “Father of the Periodic

Table”

• Russian Chemist who

developed the 1st

periodic table in the

late 1800’s

Mendeleev’s First Table (1872)

• Elements were arranged according to increasing atomic mass

• Knew other elements existed and left spaces for them

An Improved Periodic Table

Henry Moseley - British scientist who improved

Mendeleev’s table (1911)

• Arranged the elements by

increasing atomic number

• Killed in WWI at age 28

How it all fits together

Modern Periodic Table

Glenn Seaborg (1912-1999)- American scientist

Who arranged modern table in 1941• Placed the lanthanide/actinide

series at the bottom of the table • Discovered elements 94 to 102• In 1951 was awarded the

Nobel Prize in chemistry • Element 106 named in his honor

Periodic Trends• Elements are arranged into horizontal rows called

PERIODS• Elements within a period have the same number of energy

levelsThe Periodic Table of Elements

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1 H 2 13 14 15 16 17 He2 Li Be B C N O F Ne3 Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe6 Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn7 Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm YbAc Th Pa U Np Pu AmCm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

1 energy level

2 energy levels

3 energy levels

7 energy levels

6 energy levels

5 energy levels4 energy levels

• Elements are arranged in vertical columns called a GROUP or FAMILY

• Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons and share similar CHEMICAL properties

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The Periodic Table of Elements1 18



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Electrons

• VALENCE ELECTRONS - found

in the outermost energy level– Determine an element’s chemical properties

• If the atom has a full outer shell, it is NON-REACTIVE!!– Which group of elements is non-reactive?

• Noble gases

Periodic Trends




NONREACTIVE

Metals and Non-Metals




Metal Properties

• Shiny solids

• Ductile (able to be stretched)

• Malleable (able to be shaped)

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetal Properties

• May be solids, liquids or gases

• Dull, brittle solids

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Metalloid Properties

• Nonmetals with properties of both metals and non-metals• Weak conductors of heat and electricity• Solids that can be shiny or dull• Ductile and malleable

Families of ElementsFamilies of Elements

Alkali Metals

• Group 1, highly reactive, 1 valence electron

• Explosive with water

The Periodic Table of Elements

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Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2, reactive, 2 valence electrons

• Hard and shiny, high melting points





Transition Metals

• Group 3-12

• Complex electron arrangements


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Halogens

• Group 17, highly reactive, 7 valence electrons





Noble Gases

• Group 18, full outer shells (2 in He and 8 in others)

• NON-REACTIVE





Rare Earth Elements

• Group 3, Period 6 and 7

• Special group of transition metals





Metalloids

• Non-metal elements that are conductors of heat and electricity


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ELEMENTS!!!!!!!!

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Periodic Table of the Elements A Chemist’s “Cheat Sheet”