PERSONAL

TECHNOLOGIESMS. BROCK – SCT 11

THE DOWNLOAD GENERATION• DIGITAL MUSIC TECHNOLOGY – CHANGE IN HOW MUSIC IS RECORDED,

DELIVERED AND PLAYED

• EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN MUSIC PIRACY

• MUSIC INDUSTRY IN TURMOIL

• WANTED A SONG – BUY IT FROM THE STORE

• RECORD COMPANIES MADE BIG PROFITS

• AUDIOCASSETTE – MAKE COPIES OF YOUR OWN FAVOURITE SONGS AND RECORDS

• “HOME TAPING IS KILLING MUSIC.” – CAMPAIGN

• EARLY 1990S – COMPACT DISC (CD) – HIGH QUALITY SOUND FORMAT – CD BURNERS IN COMPUTERS

• MID-1990S –MP3 - NAPSTER

THE NAPSTER REVOLUTION• NAPSTER – ONLINE FILE SHARING SERVICE – 1999

• SCAN EACH COMPUTER FOR MP3S AND DOWNLOAD ONES WANTED

• PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) TECHNOLOGY – NO SONGS STORED ON NAPSTER SERVERS

• GET MUSIC FOR FREE

• MILLIONS OF SONGS TRADED HANDS EACH DAY – RECORD COMPANIES MADE NO MONEY

• CD SALES PLUMMETED, PEOPLE STARTED LOSING THEIR JOBS

• RECORD COMPANIES – TAKE DOWN NAPSTER AND STOP THE BLEEDING

THE RECORDING INDUSTRY FIGHTS BACK• 1999 – RECORDING INDUSTRY

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA (RIAA) SUED NAPSTER FOR CONTRIBUTORY COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT

• LARS ULRICH – DRUMMER FOR METALLICA

• NAPSTER – FOUND GUILTY

• ORDERED TO PAY THE RIAA $160 MILLION

• SHUT DOWN ITS P2P NETWORK

• RE-EMERGED AS A SUBSCRIPTION-BASED MUSIC SERVICE

• RIAA – SUED OTHER COMPANIES AND INDIVIDUALS

• RIAA VS. JAMMIE THOMAS

• UPLOADING 25 SONGS TO KAZAA

• PAY OVER $200,000

• CASE BEING RETRIED

• TENS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE CONTINUE TO USE ILLEGAL P2P NETWORKS

• 95% IS STILL PIRATED OF THE MILLIONS DOWNLOADED EVERYDAY

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT• DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT

(DRM)

• SOFTWARE THAT USES ENCRYPTION AND AN AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM

• SCRAMBLES THE SONG SO UNREADABLE WITHOUT A “KEY”

• UNPOPULAR WITH PUBLIC

• LIMITS HOW MANY COPIES YOU CAN MAKE WHEN YOU PURCHASE MUSIC

• ONLY PLAY ON SOME BRANDS OF MUSIC PLAYERS

• END OF DRM?

• FEBRUARY 2007 – APPLE CEO STEVE JOBS WROTE A LETTER TO THE PUBLIC CALLED THOUGHTS ON MUSIC

• WANTED TO SELL MUSIC WITHOUT DRM

• APRIL 2009 – ITUNES SONGS – DRM FREE

• MANY COMPANIES REMOVING DRM

• 2006 – MORE THAN 20 BILLION SONGS SOLD WITHOUT DRM

A NEW BUSINESS MODEL EMERGES• MUSICIANS – OFFERING THEIR MUSIC ON INTERNET AND ASKING PEOPLE TO

PAY WHAT WORTH

• RADIOHEAD – ONE OF THE FIRST – SOME DOWNLOAD, SOME PAY , POPULARITY INCREASED – CONCERTS SOLD OUT – THEY PROFITED IN THE LONG RUN

• 2008 – NINE INCH NAILS – RELEASED ALBUM ONLINE – DOWNLOAD FIRST 9 SONGS FOR FREE OR BUY HIGHER QUALITY FOR $5

• JETS OVERHEAD – CANADIAN ROCK BAND – OFFERS SOME FOR FREE ON WEBSITE , INTERNET GREAT WAY TO GET MORE EXPOSURE

MASHUP CULTURE• TECHNOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE – COMBINING FEATURES ON A VARIETY OF

DEVICES

• NOT JUST HARDWARE

• MASHUPS – COMBINE CONTENT FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES INTO NEW PRODUCTS

• VIDEO SEGMENTS AND MUSIC

• ENTERTAINMENT, PROVOKE THOUGHT, MAKE A STATEMENT

• MUST LOVE JAWS , BERT AND ERNIE SINGING GANGSTA RAP

MASHUPS & COPYRIGHT• COPYRIGHT LAWS – OFFENCE TO

USE OTHER PEOPLE’S WORK WITHOUT CONSENT

• MASHUPS – MATERIAL THAT WAS COMBINED WITHOUT CONSENT – ILLEGAL

• CRITICISM OR COMMENTARY – ALLOWED

• PARODY OF A COPYRIGHTED WORK

• FAIR USE – ALLOWS YOU TO FREELY USE COPYRIGHTED WORK UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES – 4 FACTORS

• 1. PURPOSE AND CHARACTER OF USE

• 2. NATURE OF THE COPYRIGHTED WORK

• 3. AMOUNT AND SUBSTANTIALITY OF THE PORTION TAKEN

• 4. EFFECT OF THE USE UPON THE POTENTIAL MARKET

REMIXES

• REMIX – TAKES EXISTING MUSIC AND TURNS IT INTO SOMETHING DIFFERENT

• SPED UP, SLOWED DOWN, MOVED, REMOVED, MADE LOUDER, QUIETER, LAYERED WITH OTHER MUSIC OR INSTRUMENTS

• MUSIC SAMPLING – TAKING BITS AND PIECES FROM OTHER WORK AND MIXING INTO A NEW SONG

• CAMPBELL V. ACUFF-ROSE MUSIC

• 1989 RAP MUSIC GROUP 2 LIVE CREW – WROTE SONG PARODY OF ANOTHER SONG BY ACUFF-ROSE MUSIC LABEL – ASKED FOR PERMISSION – DENIED – DID IT ANYWAYS -> 2 COURTS 2 DIFFERENT DECISIONS BASED ON FAIR USE AGREEMENT

FAIR USE FOR ALL• FREE TO CUT UP, MASH, AND REMIX

WHATEVER THEY WANT

• REBUILDING POPULAR CULTURE IS A FORM OF CREATIVE EXPRESSION

• SHOULDN’T BE LIMITED BY COPYRIGHT LAWS

• GREGG GILLIS AKA “GIRL TALK”

• REMIX DJ AND RECORDING ARTIST

• TAKES MUSIC CLASSICS, RIPS THEM APART ON HIS COMPUTER, AND REMIXES INTO NEW SONGS

• ILLEGAL – CRIMINAL , SOME CALL ARTIST AT CLUBS

• CDS – 20 REMIXES – 20 COPYRIGHT SONGS - $4 MILLION IN LICENSING FEES

• BRETT GAYLOR

• CANADIAN FILMMAKER

• RIP: A REMIX MANIFESTO

• REMIXING OTHERS’ CONTENT IS FAIR USE