Organizational Behavior 11e - Stephen P. Robbins

PERSONALITYTEAM MEMBERSNeelam Darji 9112Animesh Dubey 9114Premal Gangar 9116Harshal Ghanekar 9118Vinod Gupta 9120 What is Personality? The overall profile or combination of characteristics that capture the unique nature of a person as that person reacts and interacts with others. Combines a set of physical and mental characteristics that reflect how a person looks, thinks, acts, and feels.Predictable relationships are expected between peoples personalities and their behaviors.

Nature of Personality Personality refers to the set of traits & behaviors that characterize an individual.

It refers to the relatively stable pattern of behavior & consistent internal state & explains an individuals behavioral tendencies.

Personality has both internal (thoughts, values & genetic characteristics that is inferred from observable behaviors) & external (observable behaviors) elements.

Personality of an individual is relatively stable in nature.

Personality is both inherited as well as it can be shaped by the environment.Importance of Personality in OB Law of Behavior: People are different

To ensure high performing employees in an organization.

To manage workforce diversity.

Summarizing persons behaviors & attitudes in relation to a wide range of events.

Personality consists of characteristics or traits that describe how people are likely to behave in a given situation.Importance of Personality in OB Personality is useful in predicting & understanding the general feelings, thoughts and behaviors of individuals at the workplace.

Contribution of various personality theories.

Personality DeterminantsDeterminants of PersonalityHeredityEnvironmentSituationalNature: It advocates thatPart of personality finds itsOrigins in biology (heredity)Nature: It advocates thatPart of personality finds itsOrigins in biology (heredity)Heredity and environment Heredity sets the limits on the development of personality characteristics.

Environment determines development within these limits.

About a 50-50 heredity-environment split.

Cultural values and norms play a substantial role in the development of personality.

Social factors include family life, religion, and many kinds of formal and informal groups. Situational factors reflect the opportunities or constraints imposed by the operational context.

Personality Traits

Enduring characteristics that describe an individuals behavior.Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

The Big Five Model

The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorPersonality TypesExtroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types. Extroverted vs. Introverted

Extroverted individuals are outgoing, sociable, and assertive. Introverts are quiet and shy.

Sensitive vs. Intuitive

Sensing types are practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details. Intuitive rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture.

Thinking vs. Feeling

Thinking types uses reason and logic to handle problems. Feelings types rely on their personal values and emotions.

Judging vs. Perceiving

Judging types want control, and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. Perceiving types are flexible and spontaneous.Myers-Briggs Sixteen Primary Traits

The Big Five Model

413Personality Structure (The Big Five Traits)DimensionCharacteristics of a personScoring +vely on the dimensionExtroversionOutgoing, Talkative, Sociable,AssertiveAgreeablenessTrusting, good natured,Cooperative, softheartedDependable, responsible,Achievement-orientedConscientiousnessEmotional StabilityRelaxed, Secure, UnworriedSensitive, Intellectual,Imaginative, BroadmindedOpenness toExperienceMajor Personality Attributes Influencing OBPersonality TraitsAuthoritativeLocus of ControlMachiavellianismIntroverts/ExtrovertsSelf EsteemRisk takingSelf-MonitoringType A & BAchievement orientation

Major Personality Attributes Influencing OBLocus of ControlThe degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate.InternalsIndividuals who believe that they control what happens to them. ExternalsIndividuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.MachiavellianismDegree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends justify means.

If it works, use it is consistent with a high-Mach perspective.

Conditions Favoring High MachsDirect interactionMinimal rules and regulationsDistracting emotionsMachiavellianism People with a high-Machiavellian personality:

-- Approach situations logically and thoughtfully.

-- Are capable of lying to achieve personal goals.

-- Are rarely swayed by loyalty, friendships, past promises, or others opinions.

-- Are skilled at influencing others.

-- Try to exploit loosely structured situations.

-- Perform in a perfunctory or detached manner in highly structured situations.Machiavellianism People with a low-Machiavellian personality:

-- Accept direction imposed by others in loosely structured situations.

-- Work hard to do well in highly structured situations.

-- Are strongly guided by ethical considerations.

-- Are unlikely to lie or cheat.Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)Individuals degree of liking or disliking themselves.Self-MonitoringA personality trait that measures an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. Risk-TakingHigh Risk-taking ManagersMake quicker decisionsUse less information to make decisionsOperate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizationsLow Risk-taking ManagersAre slower to make decisionsRequire more information before making decisionsExist in larger organizations with stable environments

Personality Types

Personality TypesType Asare always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;strive to think or do two or more things at once;cannot cope with leisure time;are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.Type Bsnever suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience;feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments;play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost;can relax without guilt.Personality Types

Proactive PersonalityIdentifies opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs. Creates positive change in the environment, regardless or even in spite of constraints or obstacles.Achieving Person-Job FitPersonality TypesRealisticInvestigativeSocialConventionalEnterprisingArtisticPersonality-Job Fit Theory (Holland)Identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.Person-Organization FitHollands Typology of PersonalityandCongruent Occupations

Relationships among Occupational Personality Types426

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