Personality Personality Chapter 10Chapter 10

Activity Activity On a ½ sheet of paper- On a ½ sheet of paper- write a list of write a list of words/characteristicswords/characteristics

that describe your that describe your personality (tear off the personality (tear off the empty half)empty half)

Get a partner that Get a partner that knows you- give them knows you- give them the empty half sheet the empty half sheet with your name on itwith your name on it

Your partner should now Your partner should now describe youdescribe you

Give the list back to the Give the list back to the personperson

Compare the list you Compare the list you wrote, with the list your wrote, with the list your partner wrotepartner wrote

Are there similarities & Are there similarities & differences? Why?differences? Why?

How are people How are people similar?similar?

How are people How are people different?different?

What makes you What makes you unique?unique?

PersonalityPersonality

A person’s unique and A person’s unique and relatively consistent relatively consistent patterns of thinking, patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. feeling, and behaving.

Theories of PersonalityTheories of Personality

Different theories tell us Different theories tell us how and why we have how and why we have the personality we do. the personality we do.

Psychoanalysis- FreudPsychoanalysis- Freud

Personality is Personality is determined from your determined from your unconscious desires/ unconscious desires/ conflicts (sexual & conflicts (sexual & aggressive) aggressive)

Freud’s LifeFreud’s Life Born in 1855 in AustriaBorn in 1855 in Austria Cocaine and other tragediesCocaine and other tragedies Escape from the NazisEscape from the Nazis Life in ExileLife in Exile

Consciousness• Unconscious- what you

don’t know is there- formed in early childhood

• Preconscious- you don’t know, but can get easily

• Conscious- what you know and can remember

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachThe Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – the most – the most

basic of all human instincts basic of all human instincts and desires. Primitive, and desires. Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts of sex, uncontrolled thoughts of sex, aggression, hunger.aggression, hunger.

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – contains all – contains all

of our of our repressedrepressed thoughts, thoughts, passions, desires, wishes, passions, desires, wishes, feeling, etc. feeling, etc. Repressed feelingsRepressed feelings are blocked because they would are blocked because they would be too unsettling to acknowledgebe too unsettling to acknowledge

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – Freud – Freud

believed that to really understand believed that to really understand a patient’s true personality, he a patient’s true personality, he needed to access the needed to access the unconscious mind.unconscious mind.

Psychoanalytical Psychoanalytical ApproachApproach

How do we How do we access the access the

Unconscious Unconscious Mind?Mind?

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindDream InterpretationDream Interpretation

Manifest ContentManifest Content – the actual – the actual content of dreamscontent of dreams

Latent ContentLatent Content – the – the interpreted content of a dreaminterpreted content of a dream

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindFree Association Patient reports all thoughts,

feelings, and mental images that come to mind.

Ie. Say the first thing that comes to mind when I say “Cat”

Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMind The Freudian SlipsThe Freudian Slips Freud's term for these was "faulty action" Freud's term for these was "faulty action"

In every case there is a presumed In every case there is a presumed unconscious reason for the “faulty action”.unconscious reason for the “faulty action”. errors of speecherrors of speech memorymemory action-body language-body cuesaction-body language-body cues

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech• "As I was telling my husb—" before abruptly

breaking off and correcting herself: "As I was telling President Bush."

• Condeleeza Rice

• Does the Secretary of State have a tormented life??

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious MindThe Freudian Slip - Speech“Please do not give me any bills, because

I cannot swallow them” (Patient meant to say pills, but was really preoccupied by financial stresses)

“You’re the breast dressed woman here.” (Man to his neighbor’s wife at costume party. Should have said best. Does this men he lusts after her?)

Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious MindThe Freudian Slip - Body

“Yes, I really like you.” (Hands on hips and legs crossed? Body-language indicates defiance and un-acceptance.)

“No, I never cheated on you.” (Playing with an ear and a shifty gaze? Indicates lying, avoiding the truth.”)

TestingTestingProjective TestsProjective TestsPersonality tests that Personality tests that

provide ambiguous stimuli provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger one’s inner to trigger one’s inner thoughts and feelingsthoughts and feelings

Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality

The battle for satisfaction between the unconscious mind and our conscious awareness takes place on three mental battlefields:IDEGOSUPEREGO

Freud’s personality Freud’s personality structurestructure

Id- At BirthId- At BirthUnconsciousUnconsciousPleasure PrinciplePleasure PrincipleIrrational, instinctual, Irrational, instinctual, ImmediateImmediate

EgoEgo- comes with experience- comes with experienceReality PrincipleReality PrinciplePart Conscious (un, pre)Part Conscious (un, pre)Organized, rational, Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desireacceptable ways to desire

MediatorMediator

SuperegoSuperego- (5 or 6) - (5 or 6) Morality PrincipleMorality PrinciplePartly Conscious (un, Partly Conscious (un, pre)pre)

Values, acceptable Values, acceptable behavior, “conscience”, behavior, “conscience”, guilt-shame-anxietyguilt-shame-anxiety

Ego Defense MechanismsEgo Defense Mechanisms

Your EGO must safely Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy and responsibly satisfy your ID, while keeping in your ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGOmind your SUPEREGO

Too much for the ego= Too much for the ego= anxietyanxiety

Reality is distorted to Reality is distorted to keep away the anxietykeep away the anxiety

Defense Mechanism• Your mind’s way of reducing

internal stress caused by excess anxiety

RepressionRepressionExcluding from Excluding from consciousness all anxiety consciousness all anxiety producing thoughts, producing thoughts, feelings, impulsesfeelings, impulses

You can’t remember You can’t remember anything about a car anything about a car accident you had two accident you had two weeks agoweeks ago

The accident produces The accident produces too much anxiety- so it too much anxiety- so it “goes away”“goes away”

RegressionRegressionBehaving in a way that is Behaving in a way that is characteristic of earlier characteristic of earlier development (childlike).development (childlike).

My 10 year old is sucking My 10 year old is sucking her thumb all of a sudden, her thumb all of a sudden, she stopped at age 2. she stopped at age 2.

After a divorce (she can’t After a divorce (she can’t handle the idea) she reverts handle the idea) she reverts back to a “safer” timeback to a “safer” time

IdentificationIdentification

When a person changes some When a person changes some aspect of their personality to be aspect of their personality to be more like others – thus reducing more like others – thus reducing anxiety.anxiety.

Occurs on a subconscious level – Occurs on a subconscious level – not just mimickingnot just mimicking

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachDefense MechanismsDefense MechanismsReaction Formation is when the is when the

EGO is stressed over whether not it is EGO is stressed over whether not it is making the right decision regarding a making the right decision regarding a behavior, so instead of dealing with the behavior, so instead of dealing with the anxiety, the EGO enacts behavior that is anxiety, the EGO enacts behavior that is exactly exactly oppositeopposite of the decision it made of the decision it made

Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachDefense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

Reaction FormationReaction Formation So a child, angry at So a child, angry at his or her mother, may become overly his or her mother, may become overly concerned with her and rather concerned with her and rather dramatically shower her with affection. dramatically shower her with affection. An abused child may run to the abusing An abused child may run to the abusing parent. Or someone who can't accept a parent. Or someone who can't accept a homosexual impulse may claim to homosexual impulse may claim to despise homosexualsdespise homosexuals

DisplacementDisplacementRedirection of impulse Redirection of impulse toward a “safe” toward a “safe” alternativealternative

I go home and kick my I go home and kick my dog.dog.

I was really upset I was really upset because my seniors miss because my seniors miss too many days of class, I too many days of class, I can’t hurt them, so I pick can’t hurt them, so I pick something I can hurtsomething I can hurt

RationalizationRationalization

Justifying your actions/ Justifying your actions/ feelings with another feelings with another explanation- not your explanation- not your true feelingstrue feelings

I’m glad I didn’t get into I’m glad I didn’t get into that college- the drive that college- the drive would have been too far.would have been too far.

You were really upset You were really upset about not getting in, but about not getting in, but can’t face that anxietycan’t face that anxiety

ProjectionProjectionGiving your own Giving your own unacceptable urges or unacceptable urges or qualities to others.qualities to others.

I don’t understand how he I don’t understand how he doesn’t get a detention- doesn’t get a detention- he is always late to class!he is always late to class!

You have been late 123 You have been late 123 times, but you don’t talk times, but you don’t talk about YOU.about YOU.

DenialDenialFailing to recognize or Failing to recognize or acknowledge the acknowledge the existence of information existence of information that causes anxiety.that causes anxiety.

No, I don’t have a No, I don’t have a drinking problem, I can drinking problem, I can stop anytime I want.stop anytime I want.

You are an alcoholic- You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all your friends and family all know it, but you won’t know it, but you won’t admit it.admit it.

SublimationSublimation

The Transfer of unwanted The Transfer of unwanted behaviors into something behaviors into something less harmful.less harmful.

Freud considered it the only Freud considered it the only healthy defense mechanismhealthy defense mechanism

A person who is angry may work A person who is angry may work out and get in shape as a resultout and get in shape as a result

A person that is sexually frustrated A person that is sexually frustrated may become an artist and release may become an artist and release the pent up energy and emotion the pent up energy and emotion into great works of art.into great works of art.

Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual StagesFreud’s theory of sexual Freud’s theory of sexual developmentdevelopment

““Sexual” means whatever Sexual” means whatever brings pleasure, not brings pleasure, not procreationprocreation

Different sexual urges Different sexual urges are expressed through are expressed through different parts of the different parts of the body at different ages.body at different ages.

The “pleasure centers”The “pleasure centers”

If too much or too little If too much or too little “energy” is expressed “energy” is expressed during each stage- a during each stage- a person can become person can become “fixated”“fixated”

Fixated stages affect your Fixated stages affect your personalitypersonality

Oral StageOral StageBirth to 1 ½Birth to 1 ½Pleasure through eating, Pleasure through eating, biting, putting everything biting, putting everything in mouthin mouth

Fixated?Fixated? Bites on pens, smokes, Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails, addicted bites fingernails, addicted to chap stick, chews a lot to chap stick, chews a lot of gumof gum

Gullible, sarcastic, lacks Gullible, sarcastic, lacks confidenceconfidence

Anal StageAnal Stage1 ½ to 31 ½ to 3Pleasure through control Pleasure through control of elimination of elimination

Potty training Potty training

Fixated?Fixated?Excessively ordered Excessively ordered

““Anal Retentive”Anal Retentive”

Excessively sloppyExcessively sloppySelf destructive Self destructive tendenciestendencies

Phallic StagePhallic StageAge 3-5Age 3-5Discover genitalsDiscover genitalsAttachment to opp sex Attachment to opp sex parent, Jealous of same parent, Jealous of same sex parentsex parent

Oedipus ComplexOedipus Complex Unconscious Unconscious

desire for desire for opposite sex opposite sex parent – hostility parent – hostility toward same sex toward same sex parentparent

Boys & MommiesBoys & Mommies

Electra ComplexElectra ComplexUnconscious desire for Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent – opposite sex parent – hostility toward same sex hostility toward same sex parentparent

Girls & DaddiesGirls & Daddies

IdentificationIdentificationTo get rid of “urges” – To get rid of “urges” – imitation of same sex imitation of same sex parentparent

Boys want to only play Boys want to only play with Daddy, Girls only with Daddy, Girls only with Mommywith Mommy

Latency StageLatency Stage

Age 5- PubertyAge 5- PubertyNo sexual energyNo sexual energyLearns gender identityLearns gender identity

Genital StageGenital StagePuberty +Puberty +

Reproduction capableReproduction capableMature, responsible Mature, responsible urges instead of sexualurges instead of sexual

No FixationNo Fixation

Updating Freud’s TheoryUpdating Freud’s TheoryLess emphasis than Less emphasis than Freud on:Freud on:

Sexual basis of Sexual basis of personalitypersonality

Men vs. womenMen vs. women