Personality and Environment {ONLINE VERSION}

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1Running Head: PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT

DOES PERSONALITY INFLUENCE

PREFERENCES FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SURROUNDINGS?

{ Name Hidden }

AP Psychology



2PERSONALITY AND ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Preference for one environment over another should be influenced by personality, though

little research exists in this field. In this study, correlations between personality traits according to

the Myers-Briggs Typology Index and preferred environment is explored. 46 participants, the

average being a midwestern high-schooled female aged 16, 17, or 18, took a personality test

according to the MBTI, and answered a questionnaire with queries regarding preferences on

focused (work) and relaxed (party) environments, seasons, and colors. The degrees of personality

results were weighed against the degrees of social/interactivity of the environments to compile

scatterplots for correlation. Negative correlations exist between increasing extroverted, perceiving,

feeling personality tendencies, and preference for increasingly solitary or less interactive work and

party environments. Additionally, preferences regarding season and color were weighed against

personality, and correlations were discovered in this area as well. This study reveals the correlation

between personality and preferred environment. Its results are conclusive enough to draw attention

to the lack of research in the subject, while some areas remain inconclusive enough to necessitate

further study of the possible correlations.

.




Does Personality Influence Preferences for Environment and Surroundings?

Personality is by far one of the most-researched subjects in the field of psychology.

Personality-associated theories, studies, and disorders relate to most public "psychological" media

and discussion; from childhood we learn to categorize ourselves as introverted or extroverted,

overachievers, free thinkers, strong-willed, etc. Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of

analytical psychology, wrote his Psychological Types (1921) on his own theory, that all people can

be classified according to three criteria: Extroversion/Introversion defines a person's source and

direction of energy expression; Sensing/Intuition defines the method of information perception; and

Thinking/Feeling defines the way this information is processed.

In the 1940s and 50s, Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers built on

Jung's ideas to add a fourth criterion, Judging/Perceiving, which defines how a person implements

the processed information. (MBTI Basics, 2011). They designed a psychometric questionnaire to

measure a person's psychological preferences relating to these criteria--the Myers-Briggs Typology

Indicator, or MBTI. This typology test categorizes people as E or I, S or N, F or T, and P or J. The

possible resulting combinations offer sixteen personality types, e.g. ISTJ or ENTP.

Personality relates to how a person responds to stimuli, resulting in a branch of study known

as environmental psychology. According to V. George Matthew, Ph.D (2001), "Environment

influences behavior at different levels.... The personality make-up of people...is shaped by the

nature and type of environment in which they live." Traditionally, this field emphasizes how the

physical environment affects human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Environment and Behavior ,

a journal dedicated to the subject, houses articles on subjects such as links between courthouse

architecture and likelihood of conviction (Maass, 2000) and the success of various gambling

environments (Finlay, 2006). However, only a fraction of studies and research collections relate the

variances in the environment's effects to the variances in personality of those experiencing the




environments. Even less information focuses on personality's influence on preference for an

environment, rather than the environment's effects on the personality. This study was designed to

explore this area of possibility.

For this study, it was predicted that correlations exist between personality and preference for

certain aspects of an environment or surroundings. Personality was measured by participants' results

according to the MBTI. Environment preferences were measured by participants' preferences

relating to office environment, background noise when studying or relaxing, size and intimacy of a

party, season of the year, and choice of color for decorating a personal space. Specific predictions

are difficult to make, considering the lack of research on the subject, especially in the areas of

season and color preference. However, it is supposed that the more extroverted of personalities (E,

S, F, and P results) will prefer more interaction and can handle more background noise. Likewise,

the more introverted of personalities (I, N, T, and J) will prefer more solitude and can handle less

background noise.

Method

Participants

Participants in this study volunteered after being presented with a summary of the

procedure. 49 people participated, and there was no specific population of interest. In order to

eliminate "bad" responses (those whose results were too off-base to be useful in correlations), any

participants who disagreed with or were unsure about the validity of their personality assessment,

and also rated the test's accuracy at 5 or lower out of 10, were disregarded in the study statistics.

This amounted to three questionnaires thrown out. Of the remaining 46 participants, 42 stated that

they agreed with the personality test's analysis, while only 4 were "somewhat" in agreement (Figure

5). 27 rated the test as an 8-10 on an accuracy scale of one to ten (ten being the most accurate); 15

rated it 6-7; 4 rated it 5 (Figure 6). The average participant agreed, rating the test an 8, 9, or 10.




31 participants were female; 14 were male (Figure 1). Eight were ages 10-15; 26 were 16-

18; six were 19-29; five were 30-50 (Figure 2). Two lived in the northeastern US; 11 in the

southeast; 29 in the midwest; three in the west; one outside the US (Figure 3). Two had a middle

school education level; 29 high school level; 15 college or graduate school level. As such, the

average participant was a midwestern high-schooled female aged 16, 17, or 18.

Full demographic data can be found in Table 1, along with the complete results.

Materials/Measures

Materials used in this study consisted of one 4-page questionnaire, reproduced in Appendix

A, and an online typology test, reproduced in Appendix B. Page 1 of the questionnaire outlined the

details of the study, with a waiver for participants to sign. Page 2 asked for participants'

demographic information, as well as questions on current independence and satisfaction. All these

factors were intended for use as a control, since each can have an influence on preferred

environment, outside of personality's influences.

Page 3 directed participants to an online form of the MBTI (Jung Typology Test, 2011).

This test had 72 questions (reproduced in Appendix B) to which participants responded "yes" or

"no." The website then calculated a score based on these answers, explaining: "The scales of criteria

are dichotomic (bipolar) e.g. Extraversion-Introversion (E-I) criterion ranges from 100% on E to

100% on I" (2011). Thus, a score of 0% reflects a neutral personality, and various number scores

reflect how "bent" a person is toward that side of personality tendency. This page of the survey

provided spaces for participants to record their results (and percentage values), whether they agreed,

and how accurate they found the test.

Page 4 asked open-ended questions on preferred environment: optimum season, location,

and workplace; degree of comfort working in four scenarios of various interaction and distraction;




preference for studying/relaxing with music or the television on; enjoyment of small or large

parties; and choice of color in a personal space.

Procedure

Requests were put out for volunteers, providing an overview of the study and its processes.

Those volunteering were then sent the questionnaire (reproduced in Appendix A). When a file was

returned by email, it was titled with a number according to order received, and saved on a

computer. When returned by hand, answers were transferred into blank electronic copies of the

questionnaire, and then saved according to the same method.

A spreadsheet was created with a column for each data field in the questionnaire and a row

for each numbered entry. When all answers had been received and transferred into this document, it

became apparent that the question regarding independence and satisfaction had been interpreted in a

wide range of ways, so those questions were thrown out. Additionally, all entries were thrown out

in which the participant both rated the MBTI as below a 5 in accuracy and disagreed with or were

unsure about its classification of their personalities. (These appear in italics in Appendix A).

In order to explore correlations, number values were assigned to some answers. For

questions using yes or no answers, "Yes" was assigned a value of 1, "No" was assigned a 3, and "in-

between" values were assigned a 2. For seasons, spring was assigned a 1, Summer 2, Autumn 3, and

Winter 4. Answers like "late spring/early summer" were assigned half-values between numbers,

such as 1.5. Those most comfortable at the front desk were assigned a value of 1; the center space,

2; the side office, 3; and the solitary back space, 4. Small parties were assigned a 3, large ones a 1,

and "either" or "it depends" a 2. Answers not easily quantifiable (i.e. location and work ideals and

color preferences) were left in their original phrasing. Additionally, personality percentages were

changed to reflect position on a number line, with introverted qualities at the -1 to -100 side and

extroverted qualities at the 1 to 100 side; a 56% Intuition equals a -56.




Once data was collected and calibrated in this manner, various combinations of personality

traits and environment preferences were set against each other on the axes of a scatterplot, in order

to determine the existence of correlations between personality and environment. Necessary details

explaining particular methods are found with each figure under Tables and Figures.

Results

There were 46 participants in the final sample for this study. Their breakdown according to

personality type is found in Figure 7. ISFJ is the most popular personality type, with ESFJ, ENFJ,

INFJ, and INTJ coming after. The ratios can be found in Figure 8. The ratios of Extroverted to

Introverted and Sensing to Intuitive were both roughly 1 to 1. The ratio of Feelers to Thinkers was

nearly 2 to 1, however, and the ratio of Judgers to Perceivers was over 4 to 1.

Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for work environment are

found in Figure 9. Negative correlations exist on the Introversion/ Extroversion and

Judging/Perceiving graphs, though not on the Thinking/Feeling or Sensing/Intuitive graphs. To test

consistency over wider scenarios, the data regarding preference for background noise when

studying was added to the data for preference for work environment. The results are graphed in

Figure 10. Negative correlations again exist on the Introversion/Extroversion and

Judging/Perceiving graphs, though again not on the Thinking/Feeling or Sensing/Intuitive graphs.

Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for party environment are

found in Figure 11. Negative correlations exist on the Introvert/Extrovert graph, though not on the

Intuitive/Sensing, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving graphs. To test consistency, the data

regarding preference for background noise when relaxing was added to the data for preference for

party environment. The results are graphed in Figure 12. Negative correlations again exist on

Introvert/Extrovert graph, and again not on the Intuitive/Sensing and Judging/Perceiving graphs.

The Thinking/Feeling graph displayed an increase in negative correlation.




Results regarding correlation between personality and preference for a particular season are

found in Figure 13. Only negative or very low positive y-values appear for x-value 1.5 on the E/I

graph; mostly positive y-values appear for x-value 1 and x-value 3 on the T/F graph; and mostly

negative y-values appear for x-value 1 and x-value 3 on the J/P graph.

Results regarding correlation between personality and color preference are found in Table 2.

Strong correlations exist between introversion and purple/lavender, "neutral" colors, and pastels;

between sensing and red, orange, pink, and "earthy" colors; between intuition and "neutral" colors;

between feeling and orange, yellow, purple/lavender, pink, pastels, and "earthy" colors; between

thinking and "neutral" colors; and between judging and all colors studied.

Discussion

Results reveal a negative correlation between increasing extroversion and preference for

increasingly "solitary" work environments. More extroverts prefer the "social" areas of the front

desk, meeting people constantly, and the center office space, working alongside people constantly;

the side space, solitary with occasional interruption, is preferred about evenly between extroverts

and introverts. More introverts prefer the "solitary" are of the back office space. When coupled with

preference for background noise while working, most preferring "extroverted" areas can also

perform work with more background noise; most preferring "introverted" areas cannot.

Additionally, a negative correlation exists between increasing perceiving personality and

preference for increasingly solitary work environments. Most "perceivers" prefer the social areas of

the front and side desk, while most "judgers" prefer the solitary areas of side and back spaces. Most

preferring "perceiving" areas can also perform work with more background noise; most preferring

"judging" areas cannot.




Results also reveal a negative correlation between increasing extroversion and preference

for smaller, less "chaotic" parties. Larger parties were preferred only by extroverts, while smaller

parties were mostly preferred by introverts. When coupled with preference for background noise

while relaxing, those preferring larger parties (extroverts) also preferred not to relax with

background noise, while those preferring smaller parties (introverts) preferred the noise.

Additionally, when preference for background noise was factored in, personality became

increasingly introverted as smaller, quieter environments were more preferred.

Results revealed that introverts or very slightly expressed extroverts (i.e. 1% E) preferred

late spring and early summer. Spring and Fall were also preferred mostly by feelers and judgers.

Results revealed that introverts prefer shades of purple, neutral colors, and pastels, while

extroverts do not appear to focus on a single color. Sensing personalities prefer shades of red,

orange, and pink, as well as "earthy" colors, while intuitive personalities prefer more "neutral"

colors. Feelers prefer orange, yellow, shades of purple, pink, pastels, and "earthy" colors, while

thinkers prefer more "neutral" ones. Judgers prefer all colors, while Perceivers do not appear to

focus on one color.

The initial hypothesis was simply that correlations existed between personality and

preferred environment, with extroverted-type personalities (E, S, F, and P) preferring more social

ones, and introverted-type personalities preferring the more solitary; this has been demonstrated.

Extroversion versus introversion demonstrated the correlation most strongly in both focused (work)

and relaxed (party) environments. Judging versus perceiving demonstrated it in focused

environments, and thinking versus feeling demonstrated it in relaxed environments.

While the correlation was not evidenced by the other personality options in work/party

environments, the hypothesis was not disproven. The scatterplots in figures 9-12 simply showed

inconclusive results (i.e. no clear evidence of correlation).




The initial hypothesis did not make any suppositions about color or season, because little

research offered basis for hypothesis. It did predict, however, that correlations existed, and this was

demonstrated.

Due to the skewed nature of variables, some results do not reflect a balanced sample; for

instance, the four-to-one ratio of judgers to perceivers resulted in judgers appearing to dominate

every category they were evaluated in. Additionally, three pages of questions do not exhaust all the

factors and possibilities for preferences regarding environment. Some confounding variables may

exist unaccounted for in the data, or some other measure of preference, if included, may add clarity

to the inconclusiveness of many of the correlations.

However, this study does conclude affirmatively its main point: personality does relate to

preferred environment; a person's personality type may affect his or her preferences for

surroundings. One article from Environment and Behavior discusses "Office Type in Relation to

Health, Well-Being, and Job Satisfaction Among Employees" (Bodin, 2008). But would the study

have been more accurate had it sorted employees according to extroverted and introverted

personalities? Could employers boost office morale simply by bending environment to complement

personality? Should people take into account wall color and seasonal attributes when choosing care

homes for loved ones? Environmental psychology has much to offer to the world, but perhaps its

focus needs to be broadened to answer these questions. Perhaps a new field should be created.

Either way, much more research is necessary to explore this correlation before we can fully begin to

understand and utilize it.




References

Bodin Danielsson, C., & Bodin, L. (2008). Office Type in Relation to Health, Well-Being, and Job

Satisfaction Among Employees. Environment and Behavior, 40(5). Retrieved from

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/40/5/636.full.pdf+html.

Finlay, K., Kanetkar, V., Londerville, J., & Marmurek, H.H.C. (2006). The Physical and

Psychological Measurement of Gambling Environments. Environment and Behavior , 38(4).

Retrieved from http://eab.sagepub.com/content/38/4/570.full.pdf+html.

Jung, C. G. (1921). Psychological Types, Collected Works, Vol. 6, Princeton, NJ: Princeton

University Press.

Maass, A., Merici, I., Villafranca, E., Furlani, R., Gaburro, E., Getrevi, A., & Masserini, M. (2000).

Intimidating Buildings: Can Courthouse Architecture Affect Perceived Likelihood of

Conviction?. Environment and Behavior, 32(5). Retrieved from

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/32/5/674.full.pdf+html.

Matthew, V. G. (2001). Environmental Psychology. Psychology for All: Your Intimate Psychology

Portal. http://www.psychology4all.com/EnvironmentalPsychology.htm.

MBTI Basics. (2011). The Myers & Briggs Foundation. http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-

personality-type/mbti-basics.

Myers, I. (1990). Introduction to Type: A Description of the Theory and Applications of the Myers-

Briggs Type Indicator. Center for Applications of Psychological Type, Inc.

Jung Typology Test (2011). Human Metrics. http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jungtype.htm




Tables and Figures

FIGURE 1: FIGURE 2:

FIGURE 3: FIGURE 4:

FIGURE 5: FIGURE 6:




FIGURE 7:

FIGURE 8:

In this figure, all four "categories" of

personality (E/I, S/N, F/T, and P/J) are

represented on one graph for ease of use, soeach quarter of the graph holds 100% of that

type of personality quality, and is divided

into percentage sections according to thevalues of one quality over another.

FIGURE 9:

Personality & Work Environment

Score for each personality trait is on y-axis, e.g. "50 I" = -50, "60 E" = 60. On x-axis, numbersdenote which office space/combination participants preferred, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 10:




Personality & Work Environment + Study EnvironmentScore for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes combination of office space preferred, as in Fig.9,

and whether participants study with music or tv on, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 11:

Personality & Party Environment

Score for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes party environment participants preferred, accordingto number values assigned.

FIGURE 12:

Personality & Party Environment + Relaxation EnvironmentScore for personality on y-axis. X-axis denotes combination of party environment preferred, as in

Fig.11, and whether participants relax with music or tv on, according to number values assigned.

FIGURE 13:

Personality & Season






10

F 22 C OH M W ENFJ 33 25 25

-

78 1 8 Rural City Southern US Home 3 1 1 2 2

Yellow,

white,

lavender

11

M 16 H GA SE INTJ -67 12 -50 -1 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs

New

Hampshire

Quiet, light,

color, simple,

windows 4 3 1 3 1

Neutral

colors, light

wood, black

accents

12

F 18 H OH MW INFJ 33 39 50

-

11 1 7

Rural/

Suburbs Rural

Greece, Mid/

South

America

Differing, but

comfortable and

encouraging

2.

5 1 1 3 2

Light colors

pastel, whit

13

F 16 H NY NE INTJ -67 75 -50

-

78 1 10

Suburbs

/Urban/

Rural

Rural/

Suburbs

London,

Boston,

Vienna

Independent

but working

with like minds 4 1 1 3 3

Purple,

brown,

green, blue

cream

14

F 17 H OH MW INFJ -11 38 62

-

44 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs

Oregon-

beach and

mountains

Music, supplies,

not bright or

dark 1 1 1 2 3

Blue, green

black or dar

brown

accents

15

F 19 C OH MW ENTP 1 38 -38 11 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs

Central/West

ern Europe

Relaxed,

Comfortable,

not loud 2 1 1 3 2

Black, Whit

contrasting

colors

16

F 15 H OH MW ESFJ 89 -12 50 -1 1 6 City City

South

Carolina Big City 1 1 1 1 2

Hot pink,

Lime green,

Bright

Yellow,

Bright oran

17

F 17 H OH MW ISFJ -17 -50 44

-


Country, not

too isolated

Friendly,

productive,

organized 3 1 1 3 2

Classic

pastel, bold

accents

18

M 16 H OH MW ENFJ 22 38 50 -1 1 8 Urban Urban

Columbus,

OH

Moderate light,

well-furnished,

organized, fast,

accepting 3 1 1 3 3

Brown, gray

silver, dark

blue

19

F 16 H PA NE ESFJ 1 -1 25

-

67 1 7 Rural Suburbs

Texas,

Colorado,

Virginia, or

England

Quiet, but

people 3 3 2 3 3

Red, white,

cream, blac

green

20

M 17 H PA NE ISTJ ## -1 -38

-

78 1 6 Suburbs Suburbs Midwest USA

Orderly, little

clutter 3 3 1 3 2

Blue, white

green

21

F 17 H KS MW INTJ -56 25 -12

-

44 2 7 Suburbs Suburbs England

Clean, quiet,

sometimes

music 4 3 1 3 1

Blue, dark

green

22

M 16 H NY NE ENFP 67 33 38 11 1 8 Rural Rural

New York

City

Friendly, fast-

paced, busy 1 1 1 1 2 Depends

23

F 25 C OH MW ISFJ -33 -12 88

-

50 1 9

Suburbs

/ Urban

Suburbs

/ Urban

Warm-

Northern

California Pretty 3 3 1 3 1

Deep, dusty

warm. Dark

purple, gray

blue, sage

green

24

M 18 H OH MW ISFP -17 -62 50 6 1 10 Suburbs Suburbs Florida Quiet, solitary 4 3 1 3 3 Blue

25

F 18 C OH MW ISFJ -11 -1 75 -1 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs

Central

Western

Australia

Small group of

friendly staff,

interaction with

the public 4 1 1 3 3

Lime green,

bright color

black accen

26

F 19 C OH M W ENFJ 67 12 88

-

44 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs South

Quiet, but

people around

to access 1 3 1 3 3

Blues and

greens

27

F 15 H OH MW INFJ -44 38 12

-

89 1 5 Rural Rural

Mild winters

but seasons.

Not the city.

Quiet, perhaps

music, no

clutter

3.

5 1 1 3 2

lavender,

forest green

light tan

28

M 18 H WA W ENFJ 11 25 25

-


Tropical

Island

Discussing

issues in small

quiet room with

close group of

people 1 1 1 3 2

Dark blue,

earthy tone

29

F 47 C OH MW ESFJ 44 -38 50

-

17 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs NA Lots of activity

1.

5 3 1 2 3 Earthy colo

30

F 14 H OH MW ISFJ -67 -12 50

-


Urban in

Thailand,

near refugee

camps for

visits

Physical

Therapy,

teaching

refugees 3 3 3 3 3

Sage green,

tan brown




31

M 15 H PA NE INFJ -67 12 50

-


Alone in

Alaska

Alone, with time

to think

2.

5 3 3 3 0

Colorful, su

dued/rustic

32

F 50 C OH MW INTJ -22 12 -1

-

44 1 9 Urban Suburbs Warm in US Organized 4 3 1 3 2

Neutral,

cream,

white, light

yellow

33

F 16 H OH MW ESFJ 22 -1 75

-

56 1 8 Suburbs Suburbs Ohio

Quiet, lots of

people 3 1 1 3 3

Pink, blue,

orange, bla

34*

F M OH MW ENTJ # # -11 # 2 5 City Suburbs Ohio Crazy 2, 1 1 3 2 Bright

35

F 27 C AL SE ISFJ -22 -1 50

-


Pacific

Northwest-

Mountain

views

Relational,

organized 1 1 1 3 1,3

Earth tones

Browns,

blues, pops

of red and

orange

36

F 17 H NC SE INTJ -33 25 -1

-

56 1 8

Small

town

Small

town

old elegant

farmhouse in

country, roll-

ing pastures,

blue ridge

mountains

Warm, light,

clean,

organized, quiet

but background

noise 4 1 1 3 2

Light green

aqua blue,

brown, soft

coral

37

F 18 C WA W ISFJ -11 -12 25

-

44 2 6

Small

town/

Rural Urban

Small town,

with seasons,

near family Library 2 1 1 3 3 Red, yellow

38

F 17 H OH MW ISFJ -78 -12 38

-


North

Carolina

Laid back,

people who arefun but get the

job done 3 3 1 3 3

Green, bluepurple,

bright

39

F 18 C OH MW ISFJ -56 -75 100 ## 1 9 Suburbs Suburbs Hawaii

Fast-paced,

changing,

stimulating 3 3 1 3 3

Earthy- ligh

browns, da

greens

40

F 17 H OH MW ESFJ 11 -38 12

-


City- New

York,

Chicago, DC

Organized, fast-

paced, friendly 3 1 1 3 1,3 Blue, brown

41

F 46 C OH M W ENFJ 89 62 12

-


Ohio near

family or

serving

overseas

Opportunity to

be around

people, buzzing 3 3 3 2 3

Warm

browns,

accents of

orange, red

yellow

42

F 20 C WA W ISFJ -56 -25 38

-

33 1 9

Small

town

Large

City

GA- warm,

friendly,

respectful,

relaxed

Working with

youth at church 1 3 1 3 2

Tan, pink,

brown, blac

43

F 15 H KS MW ISTJ -56 -1 -50

-


DC- politics,

busy, exciting

Organized, high-

paced with

patient

coworkers 1 1 1 3 1

Red, brown

blue

44

M 17 H MD NE ESFP 67 -12 38 33 1 7 Suburbs Suburbs

TX/ New

Zealand-

interesting,

fun, pretty,

nice people, No preference 3 3 1 3 1

Green,

brown, blue

45

M 17 H OH M W ENFP 11 75 38 33 1 7 Urban Suburbs City

Relaxed, able to

help people 1 1 1 3 3 Neutral

46

F 14 M MO MW ISTP -22 -38 -26 22 1 5

Urban/

Rural Urban

Camp

Barnabas No preference 1 1 1 3 2 Blue, Orang

47

F 43 C OH MW ISTJ -33 -12 -12

-


North

Carolina

Few distract-

ions,background

noise 3 1 1 3 0

Warm/neut

al, spots of

deeper

colors

48

F 46 C OH M W ENTJ 56 25 -1

-

67 1 10 Suburbs Urban

North

Carolina

beach (not

crowded)

Home, but out

to meet people 3 3 3 2 2

Bright, soft

spring and

summer

colors

49

F 14 M OH MW ESFP 89 -1 88 22 1 8 Urban Urban England

Fun, hectic with

different tasks

1.

5 1 1 1

1.5

3.5

Green, blac

white, blue




TABLE 2:

Colors and PersonalityA graph would have proved too difficult to use for this data, given the number of color options and

the multiple colors chosen per participant. Instead, all were organized by color preferences. The

number of Es versus Is, Ss versus Ns, Fs versus Ts, and Ps versus Js were tallied in each group to

determine the "overall personality" of that color. If the color is exactly half-and-half, it is labeled50%; if it is three-quarters of one value, it is labeled 75% that value. Any percentage between 50%

and 70% is considered a weak correlation (signified by a W) and any percentage between 71% and

100% is considered a strong correlation (signified by an S).Brown is analyzed twice- once including all variances such as "earthy," "tan," or "wood," and once

without. Three common phrases used were "neutral," "earthy," and "pastels," so these are also

included and analyzed as color fields.

Color Total E I Correlation Total S N Correlation Total F T Correlation Total P J Correlation

RED 6 2 4

66.7%

Introverted - W 6 5 1

83.3% Sensing

- S 6 4 2

66.7%

Feeling - W 6 0 6

100% Judging -

S

ORANGE 5 3 260% Extroverted- W 5 4 1

80% Sensing -S 5 4 1

80% Feeling -S 5 1 4

80% Judging -S

YELLOW 5 3 2

60% Extroverted

- W 5 3 2

60% Intuitive -

W 5 4 1

80% Feeling -

S 5 5 0

100% Judging -

S

GREEN 19 7 12 63.2% Intro - W 19 9 10

52.6% Intuitive

- W 19 13 6

68.4%

Feeling - W 19 3 16

84.2% Judging

- S

BLUE 23 10 13 56.5% Intro - W 23 12 11

52.2% Sensing

- W 23 12 11

56.5%

Feeling - W 23 5 18

78.3% Judging

- S

PURPLE/

LAVENDER 5 1 4

80% Introverted

- S 5 2 3

60% Intuitive -

W 5 4 1

80% Feeling -

S 5 0 5

100% Judging -

S

PINK 4 2 2

50% Extroverted

- N 4 3 1

75% Sensing -

S 4 4 0

100% Feeling

- S 4 0 4

100% Judging -

S

BLACK 9 5 4

55.6%

Extroverted - W 9 5 4

55.6% Sensing

- W 9 6 3

66.7%

Feeling - W 9 2 7

77.8% Judging

- S

GRAY/

SILVER 1 1 0

100%

Extroverted - S 1 0 1

100% Intuitive

- S 1 1 0

100% Feeling

- S 1 0 1

100% Judging -

S

WHITE/

CREAM 7 4 3

57.1%

Extroverted - W 7 3 4

57.1% Intuitive

- W 7 4 3

57.1%

Feeling - W 7 2 5

71.4% Judging

- S

NEUTRAL 4 1 3

75% Introverted

- S 4 1 3

75% Intuitive -

S 4 3 1

75% Thinking

- S 4 1 3

75% Judging -

S

BROWN-

ALL 19 9 10

52.6%

Introverted - W 19 8 11

57.9% Intuitive

- W 19 12 7

63.2%

Feeling - W 19 1 18

94.7% Judging

- S

BROWN- no

Tan/ Wood/

Earthy 15 7 8 53.3% Intro - W 15 6 9

60% Intuitive -

W 15 9 6

60% Feeling -

W 15 14 1

93.3% Judging

- S

EARTHY 5 2 3

60% Introverted

- W 5 4 1

80% Sensing -

S 5 5 0

100% Feeling

- S 5 0 5

100% Judging -

S

PASTELS 2 0 2

100%

Introverted - S 2 1 1

50% Sensing -

N 2 2 0

100% Feeling

- S 2 0 2

100% Judging -

S




Appendix AQuestionnaire

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Appendix B(Jung Typology Test, 2011)

1. You are almost never late for your appointments2. You like to be engaged in an active and fast-paced job

3. You enjoy having a wide circle of acquaintances

4. You feel involved when watching TV soaps5. You are usually the first to react to a sudden event: the

telephone ringing or unexpected question

6. You are more interested in a general idea than in the

details of its realization

7. You tend to be unbiased even if this might endanger

your good relations with people

8. Strict observance of the established rules is likely to

prevent a good outcome9. It's difficult to get you excited

10. It is in your nature to assume responsibility

11. You often think about humankind and its destiny

12. You believe the best decision is one that can be easily

changed

13. Objective criticism is always useful in any activity14. You prefer to act immediately rather than speculate

about various options

15. You trust reason rather than feelings

16. You are inclined to rely more on improvisation than on

careful planning

17. You spend your leisure time actively socializing with a

group of people, attending parties, shopping, etc.

18. You usually plan your actions in advance

19. Your actions are frequently influenced by emotions

20. You are a person somewhat reserved and distant in

communication

21. You know how to put every minute of your time to good

purpose22. You readily help people while asking nothing in return

23. You often contemplate about the complexity of life

24. After prolonged socializing you feel you need to get

away and be alone

25. You often do jobs in a hurry

26. You easily see the general principle behind specific

occurrences

27. You frequently and easily express your feelings and

emotions28. You find it difficult to speak loudly

29. You get bored if you have to read theoretical books

30. You tend to sympathize with other people

31. You value justice higher than mercy

32. You rapidly get involved in social life at a newworkplace

33. The more people you speak with, the better you feel

34. You tend to rely on your experience rather than on

theoretical alternatives

35. You like to keep a check on how things are progressing

36. You easily empathize with the concerns of other people

37. Often you prefer to read a book than go to a party38. You enjoy being at the center of events in which other

people are directly involved

39. You are more inclined to experiment than to followfamiliar approaches

40. You avoid being bound by obligations

41. You are strongly touched by the stories about people's

troubles

42. Deadlines seem to you to be of relative, rather than

absolute, importance

43. You prefer to isolate yourself from outside noises

44. It's essential for you to try things with your own hands45. You think that almost everything can be analyzed

46. You do your best to complete a task on time

47. You take pleasure in putting things in order

48. You feel at ease in a crowd

49. You have good control over your desires and

temptations50. You easily understand new theoretical principles

51. The process of searching for solution is more important

to you than the solution itself

52. You usually place yourself nearer to the side than in the

center of the room

53. When solving a problem you would rather follow a

familiar approach than seek a new one

54. You try to stand firmly by your principles

55. A thirst for adventure is close to your heart

56. You prefer meeting in small groups to interaction with

lots of people

57. When considering a situation you pay more attention to

current situations, less to a possible sequence of events58. You consider the scientific approach to be the best

59. You find it difficult to talk about your feelings

60. You often spend time thinking of how things could be

improved

61. Your decisions are based more on the feelings of a

moment than on the careful planning

62. You prefer to spend your leisure time alone or relaxing

in a tranquil family atmosphere

63. You feel comfortable sticking to conventional ways64. You are easily affected by strong emotions

65. You are always looking for opportunities

66. Your desk, workbench etc. is usually neat and orderly

67. As a rule, current preoccupations worry you more than

your future plans68. You get pleasure from solitary walks

69. It is easy for you to communicate in social situations

70. You are consistent in your habits

71. You willingly involve yourself in matters which engage

your sympathies

72. You easily perceive various ways events could develop

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Personality and Environment {ONLINE VERSION}