Perspec'vesonIBADCoatedConductorsCostandFuture

Vladimir Matias iBeam Materials, Inc. Santa Fe, NM

Robert H. Hammond Stanford University Stanford, CA

Followuptothe2014CCApresenta'on

2

25YearsofCoatedConductorsØ  YasuhiroIijimaatFujikura,1991

Ø  Typicallytakes20yearstobringnewmaterialstomarketplace

1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

FirstCC

Y.IijimaetalPhysicaC185-189,1959(1991)

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

SuperPower10kmtoSumitomo

IBAD-MgOStanford

AMSCfirstcommercialCC

ORNLRABiTS

Cable,FCL,MagnetProjects

6CompaniesproducingCCLANLfirst1meterCC

3 CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

Priceofsuperconductorwireiscri5calforapplica5onsØ  In2010proposedcosttargetforCC:$5/kAm(LN2)

Ø  Costofembodiedmaterials:about$0.10perkAm(with1000A/cm,5MA/cm2)

Ø  Performedabo.omupanalysisforcoevapora'onshowing<$5/kAmispossible(~50,000km/yr)

Ø  Topdown:costshoulddecreaseduetoscaleupfrom100kmto100,000km(10x);performance(A/cm)shouldincreasebyatleast2x;yieldincreases

Ø  Vibrantindustry:15companiesareproducingorintendingtoproducecoatedconductors

Layer Materials cost/kAm

Ag (0.5 µm) $ 0.06

YBCO (2 µm) $ 0.02

IBAD+epi (MgO) $ 0.0005

SDP layer (Y2O3) $ 0.002

substrate (stainless) $ 0.04

Total $ 0.12

4

CoatedConductorManufacturers

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

SuNAM Co. Ltd, Korea (IBAD+RCE)

SuperPower, NY, USA/Japan (IBAD+MOCVD) AMSC, Mass. USA

(RABiTS+MOD)

SuperOx, Russia/Japan (IBAD+PLD)

Fujikura, Japan (IBAD+PLD)

Bruker HTS, Germany (IBAD+PLD)

Theva, Germany (ISD+RCE)

STI, TX USA (IBAD+RCE)

Shanghai Superconductor, China (IBAD+PLD)

d-nano (BASF), Germany (RABiTS+MOD)

Shanghai Creative Superc, China (IBAD+MOD)

Metox, TX USA (RABiTS+MOCVD)

Oxolutia, Spain (IBAD+MOD)

SAMRI/CAS, Suzhou China (IBAD+MOCVD)

Sumitomo, Japan (RABiTS+PLD)

TierI

TierII

TierIII

✰✰

✰✰

5

Produc5onandPriceTrendsØ  TrendpresentedatlastCCAØ Overcapacityinproduc'onØ  AtpresentCCProduc'onvolumeis

satura'ng;priceislevelingoff

Ø  Companiesarenotprofitableandpriceistoohighformassadop'on

Ø  ValleyofDeath?Ø  ThereislifeacertheValleyØ Onlytrulyscalableapproacheswill

win(needtoscale1000x)

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

$/kAm

km

6

Wa:erShed•  HTS-HVDCallowsfor

mul'-GWtransmissionoverlongdistances

•  Wagershedproposesconnec'nggridsacrossoceanstracingshallowwatersofcon'nentalshelves

•  Phasedapproachwithintermediatestepsinbuildingcables

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

7

SemiconductorsusingIijimaapproachØ  Findikogluetal(LANL):SionIBAD-

2003-2007

Ø  Epi-Sionmetalandglass

Ø  Demonstratedfirstsolarcells usingthisapproach

Ø  Selvamanicakametal(UniversityofHouston):GaAs–2009-2015

Ø  HighqualityGaAsonIBADtemplates

Ø  Hallmobili'es60-300cm2/V-s(h,e)

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

SiIBAD

9

Ø  ShujiNakamura1991:InGaNLED

Ø  SolidStateLigh'ngRevolu'on

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

25YearsofGaNLEDs

1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

FirstLEDonsapphire

NichiastartssellingHBLEDs

2ndgenLEDGaNonGaN

p-doping

First1.5mWHBLED

Nakamura,Akasaki,AmanowinNobelPrize

FlipchipLED

WhiteLightLEDs

SumitomodevelopsGaNsubstrate

$20BLEDIndustry

10

LessonsfromGaNØ  Getproductouttocustomersquickly

Ø  Roleofgovernmentfundingandregula'on:

Helpedtoobtainmarketadop'on

Ø  Chineseentryintomarket

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

50

100

150

200

250

2005 2010 2015 2020

$/klm

Averagelm

/W

China

11

Conclusions

Ø  TechnicalprogressonCoatedConductorsforApplica'onshasbeenamazing–wehavecomealongwayinthelast25years

Ø  ClearlyCCareheretostay–Magnetapplica'onsarevalidated

Ø  However,s'llalongwaytogoforElectricgridapplica'onsØ  TheplayislongtermandcompaniesneedtosurvivetheValleyof

Death

Ø  ThereislifethroughtheValley

CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA