Perspec'vesonIBADCoatedConductorsCostandFuture
Vladimir Matias iBeam Materials, Inc. Santa Fe, NM
Robert H. Hammond Stanford University Stanford, CA
Followuptothe2014CCApresenta'on
2
25YearsofCoatedConductorsØ YasuhiroIijimaatFujikura,1991
Ø Typicallytakes20yearstobringnewmaterialstomarketplace
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
FirstCC
Y.IijimaetalPhysicaC185-189,1959(1991)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SuperPower10kmtoSumitomo
IBAD-MgOStanford
AMSCfirstcommercialCC
ORNLRABiTS
Cable,FCL,MagnetProjects
6CompaniesproducingCCLANLfirst1meterCC
3 CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
Priceofsuperconductorwireiscri5calforapplica5onsØ In2010proposedcosttargetforCC:$5/kAm(LN2)
Ø Costofembodiedmaterials:about$0.10perkAm(with1000A/cm,5MA/cm2)
Ø Performedabo.omupanalysisforcoevapora'onshowing<$5/kAmispossible(~50,000km/yr)
Ø Topdown:costshoulddecreaseduetoscaleupfrom100kmto100,000km(10x);performance(A/cm)shouldincreasebyatleast2x;yieldincreases
Ø Vibrantindustry:15companiesareproducingorintendingtoproducecoatedconductors
Layer Materials cost/kAm
Ag (0.5 µm) $ 0.06
YBCO (2 µm) $ 0.02
IBAD+epi (MgO) $ 0.0005
SDP layer (Y2O3) $ 0.002
substrate (stainless) $ 0.04
Total $ 0.12
4
CoatedConductorManufacturers
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SuNAM Co. Ltd, Korea (IBAD+RCE)
SuperPower, NY, USA/Japan (IBAD+MOCVD) AMSC, Mass. USA
(RABiTS+MOD)
SuperOx, Russia/Japan (IBAD+PLD)
Fujikura, Japan (IBAD+PLD)
Bruker HTS, Germany (IBAD+PLD)
Theva, Germany (ISD+RCE)
STI, TX USA (IBAD+RCE)
Shanghai Superconductor, China (IBAD+PLD)
d-nano (BASF), Germany (RABiTS+MOD)
Shanghai Creative Superc, China (IBAD+MOD)
Metox, TX USA (RABiTS+MOCVD)
Oxolutia, Spain (IBAD+MOD)
SAMRI/CAS, Suzhou China (IBAD+MOCVD)
Sumitomo, Japan (RABiTS+PLD)
TierI
TierII
TierIII
✰✰
✰✰
5
Produc5onandPriceTrendsØ TrendpresentedatlastCCAØ Overcapacityinproduc'onØ AtpresentCCProduc'onvolumeis
satura'ng;priceislevelingoff
Ø Companiesarenotprofitableandpriceistoohighformassadop'on
Ø ValleyofDeath?Ø ThereislifeacertheValleyØ Onlytrulyscalableapproacheswill
win(needtoscale1000x)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
$/kAm
km
6
Wa:erShed• HTS-HVDCallowsfor
mul'-GWtransmissionoverlongdistances
• Wagershedproposesconnec'nggridsacrossoceanstracingshallowwatersofcon'nentalshelves
• Phasedapproachwithintermediatestepsinbuildingcables
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
7
SemiconductorsusingIijimaapproachØ Findikogluetal(LANL):SionIBAD-
2003-2007
Ø Epi-Sionmetalandglass
Ø Demonstratedfirstsolarcells usingthisapproach
Ø Selvamanicakametal(UniversityofHouston):GaAs–2009-2015
Ø HighqualityGaAsonIBADtemplates
Ø Hallmobili'es60-300cm2/V-s(h,e)
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
SiIBAD
9
Ø ShujiNakamura1991:InGaNLED
Ø SolidStateLigh'ngRevolu'on
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
25YearsofGaNLEDs
1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
FirstLEDonsapphire
NichiastartssellingHBLEDs
2ndgenLEDGaNonGaN
p-doping
First1.5mWHBLED
Nakamura,Akasaki,AmanowinNobelPrize
FlipchipLED
WhiteLightLEDs
SumitomodevelopsGaNsubstrate
$20BLEDIndustry
10
LessonsfromGaNØ Getproductouttocustomersquickly
Ø Roleofgovernmentfundingandregula'on:
Helpedtoobtainmarketadop'on
Ø Chineseentryintomarket
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
50
100
150
200
250
2005 2010 2015 2020
$/klm
Averagelm
/W
China
11
Conclusions
Ø TechnicalprogressonCoatedConductorsforApplica'onshasbeenamazing–wehavecomealongwayinthelast25years
Ø ClearlyCCareheretostay–Magnetapplica'onsarevalidated
Ø However,s'llalongwaytogoforElectricgridapplica'onsØ TheplayislongtermandcompaniesneedtosurvivetheValleyof
Death
Ø ThereislifethroughtheValley
CoatedConductorsforApplica'ons2016,Aspen,CO,USA
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