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Pertussis and Adolescents:It’s Time for a Boost
A Slide Kit for School Nurses
Pertussis Facts
Also known as “whooping cough” or “100-day cough”
Highly contagious
Spread by coughing or sneezing
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W et al, eds. 9th ed. 2006.
Pertussis Facts
Infant vaccinations do not protect for a lifetime
Almost 40% of cases reported in adolescents (10 to 19 years of age)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2006;55(RR-3):1-43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pertussis Surveillance Report—8/12/05.
Pertussis Cases Are on the Rise
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W et al, eds. 9th ed. 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pertussis Surveillance Report—8/12/05.
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Average 1980-1990:
2,900 Cases/year
2004:
25,827 Cases
1980 2004
Year
Why Are Adolescents Getting Pertussis?
Protection from vaccination wears off after 5 to 10 years
Close contact in schools helps spread disease
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W et al, eds. 9th ed. 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2006;55(RR-3):1-43.
What Are the Symptoms of Pertussis in Adolescents?
First symptoms can be like a common cold with cough
Other symptoms may include • Coughing fits that last a long time
• Trouble breathing
• Vomiting after coughing
• Whooping sound
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W et al, eds. 9th ed. 2006. Lee GM et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1572-1580.
Complications of Pertussis in Adolescents
Severe coughing can cause
• Poor sleep
• Loss of bladder control
• Broken ribs
Pertussis can turn into pneumonia
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atkinson W et al, eds. 9th ed. 2006.
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
Adolescents Can Miss Many Days of School
Adolescents with pertussis miss an average of one week of school
Coughing can last an average of 106 days
Lee GM et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1572-1580.
Missed Days of School
Range: 0.4 to 32 days
Tdap Vaccines Can Help Protect Against Three Serious Diseases
PertussisPertussis
Diphtheria Diphtheria Tetanus Tetanus
Tdap= tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Information Statement—Interim. Tdap Vaccine. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/VIS/vis-dtp.pdf.
Why Should Adolescents Get a Tdap Booster Shot?
Adolescents are at increased risk
Adolescents spread disease to other adolescents and to family members, including infants
Safe and effective vaccines are available
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2006;55(RR-3):1-43.
When Should Adolescents Receive a Tdap Booster Shot?
11 to 12 years is the preferred age for Tdap booster
Tdap is also recommended for older adolescents (13 to 18 years of age)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2006;55(RR-3):1-43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR. 2005;54(51&52):Q1-Q4.
Summary
Pertussis cases have been going up—especially among adolescents
Pertussis spreads very easily
Protection from pertussis wears off 5 to 10 years after vaccination
A Tdap booster can help protect adolescents from pertussis
11 to 12 years is the preferred age for Tdap booster
For More Information
Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist
Call your local or state health department
Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• Call 1.800.232.4636
• Visit the CDC National Immunization Program Web site at www.cdc.gov/nip
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Information Statement—Interim. Tdap Vaccine. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nip/publications/VIS/vis-dtp.pdf.
This slide presentation has been provided by GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines