https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_p-Ex5KR4g

Lalitesh Katragadda: Making maps to fight disaster, build

economies.

CLIMATE CHANGE (PERUBAHAN IKLIM)

MALAYSIA IS AT RISK?

HAITI CASE

PERANAN GEOSPATIAL

MALAYSIAN INITIATIVES

PENUTUP

SKOP TAKLIMAT

Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years (Source: Wikipedia)

The world mostly agrees that something needs to be done about global warming and climate change. The first stumbling block, however, has been trying to get an agreement on a framework. In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to assess the scientific knowledge on global warming. The IPCC concluded in 1990 that there was broad international consensus that climate change was human-induced. That report led way to an international convention for climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signed by over 150 countries at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), there are 7 indicators that would be expected to increase in a warming world and 3 indicators would be expected to decrease.

INCREASE

DECREASE

Green bars shows 95% confidence intervals.

2005 was the hottest year on record; 2009 2nd ; 2007 tied with 1998 for 3rd; 15 hottest all occurred since 1990

Source: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/

Gempa Bumi Jerebu

Banjir Kilat Tanah Runtuh

Tsunami

MALAYSIA

Gempa Bumi Jerebu

Banjir Kilat Tanah Runtuh

Tsunami

MALAYSIA

Gempa Bumi Jerebu

Banjir Kilat Tanah Runtuh

Tsunami

MALAYSIA

LUAR NEGARA

Siklon Tropika Kemarau

Ribut Salji Puting Beliung

Kebakaran Belukar Siklon

Tsunami

Hurricane Sandy hits and devastated portions of the Caribbean and the Mid-

Atlantic and Northeastern United States (late October 2012)

26 December 2004, one of the largest Earthquakes recorded in history (9 on the Richter Scale), struck just off Sumatra, Indonesia, in a fault line running under the sea.

Bermula dengan satu gegaran gempa bumi telah dikesan di utara Sumatera, Indonesia berukuran 9.0 mengikut skala richter

Gelombang pertama melanda pantai Kuala Muda dengan ketinggian mencecah 2.5 meter .

Gelombang kedua dengan ketinggian melebihi 8 meter telah menghempas pantai sejauh 300 meter ke daratan mengakibatkan kemusnahan yang besar.

Magnitude Typical Maximum Modified Mercalli

Intensity

Under 2.0 I

2.0 – 2.9 I – II

3.0 – 3.9 II – IV

4.0 – 4.9 IV – VI

5.0 – 5.9 V – VIII

6.0 – 6.9 VII – X

7.0 – 9.9 VIII or higher; up to XII

10.0 or higher X or higher; up to XII

Source : MOSTI

CASE STUDY

WHAT IS CRISIS

MAPPER?

On January 12, 2010, a 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck Haiti. The international community responded immediately to launch extensive search and rescue missions to provide emergency assistance.

Ushahidi, an open-source crisis-mapping software provided a way to capture, organize, and share critical information coming directly from Haitians. Information was gathered through social media and text messages (crowd source)

It was integrated with the use of GIS, Geospatial Information & Satellite Image as well as Open Source Map (Wiki Map) together with crowdsourcing.

Reports about trapped persons, medical emergencies, and specific needs (food, water, shelter) were received and plotted on maps that were updated in real time by an international group of volunteers.

These reports, and associated geographic information, were available to anyone with an Internet connection. Responders use them in determining how, when, and where to direct resources.

The Ushahidi−Haiti Project with the help of GEO-Information (GIS, Geospatial) demonstrated the potential of crowd sourced maps for targeted disaster response, providing a useful foundational model for the international community to leverage and improve upon in advance of future emergencies.

The Ushahidi Haiti Map in the first 24

hours after the earthquake. Source: Ushahidi Haiti Project (UHP).

Close up of the Haiti Map. Each number represents the individual number of reports within the area. Users could zoom in further to see the individual reports. Source: Ushahidi Haiti Project (UHP).

Crucial Role Of Geo-Information in Disaster Response

THE HAITI

EARTHQUAKE

12/01/2010

Joel Scheraga (Senior Advisor for climate adaptation at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

GEOGRAFI

ILMU ALAM

LAND INFORMATION

SYSTEM

GIS

Koordinat NRE: Latitut: 2.914615⁰

Longitud: 101.685255⁰

an accurate, current and reliable land record

cadastre, its associated attribute and spatial data

that represent the legal boundaries of land tenure

and provides a vital base layer capable of integration

into other geographic.

ilmu berkaitan dengan sifat atau ciri-ciri bumi dan kepelbagaian corak rupa bentuk bumi dalam ruang (spatial location) dan masa.

seek to understand how the world and universe around us works.

GIS boleh digambarkan sebagai satu sistem berkomputer yang

memudahkan kemasukan data, penyimpanan, analisis dan

persembahan terutama bagi data spatial.

Maklumat di dalam GIS mesti di kaitkan dengan rujukan

geographic (spatial) (latitude/longitude atau lain-lain koordinat

spatial)

“The purpose of GIS is always to support some form of Decision, regardless of the application area”. APPLICATION AREAS:

- Low Risk or High Risk - Non-Political to Political

Data atau maklumat yang mengenalpasti lokasi geografi dan

persempadanan di Bumi, seperti ciri-ciri semulajadi atau buatan manusia

dan pelbagai bentuk data lagi.

Sumber-sumber data geospatial adalah peta digital, foto udara, imej

satelit dan dokumen lain yang berhubungan.

PERANAN GEOSPATIAL

DATA

Spatial Data

Spatial Information

Decision Making

PERKAITAN KONSEP

menilai bencana risiko

mengambil langkah-langkah untuk mengurangkan risiko bencana

meramalkan dan amaran awal

menilai kerosakan dan keperluan

melaksanakan operasi bantuan dan menyelamat

memulihkan dan membina semula kawasan yang terjejas

DATA GEOSPATIAL DALAM PENGURUSAN BENCANA

RISK MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Berikut merupakan

keperluan data

spatial dalam

menghasilkan risiko

pemetaan (risk mapping) dan

pengurusan bencana

mengikut kategori

Baseline data layers

Utility and Infrastructure data

layers

Disaster specific data layers

Thematic data on terrain and natural

­resources

Near-real time satellite data and

thematic maps

LAPISAN BAGI RISK MAPPING

Baseline data for disaster management

Utility & infrastructure data for risk mapping

Thematic data on terrain and natural resources for risk mapping

Utility of near real time satellite data for disaster

management

1MapMalaysia

Geospatial Data Centre (GDC)

Emergency Command Centre (ECC), Majlis Keselamatan Negara

MoU antara NRE dengan UTM

Pembangunan Portal Maklumat Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami oleh Jabatan Meterologi Malaysia (MET)

Geospatial Data Centre (GDC)

Nota:

1. SGDC melibatkan semua negeri kecuali Pulau Pinang,

W.P Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya & Sarawak

2. LGDC melibatkan W.P Labuan sahaja

PROJEK KOS TAHUN IMPLEMENTASI

Projek National Geospatial Data Centre (NGDC

RM 6.8 juta 2008-2009

Projek State Geospatial Data Centre (SGDC)

RM 8.4 juta

2009-2010

Projek Local Geospatial Data Centre (LGDC)

RM 372,000

2010

Framework Data

MS1759

UPI

Geonames

Metadata

Aeronautical

Built Environment

Demarcation

Geology

Hydrography

Hypsography

Soil

Transportation

Utility

Vegetation

Special Use

General

All Rights Reserved Copyright©2008 MaCGDI

Malaysia Map

a geo-information viewer for

everyone

Pengenalan • Dibangunkan secara dalaman oleh tahun 2011.

• Menarik minat kepada pengguna awam dan

memberi lebih kefahaman kepada mereka apa yang

boleh dilakukan dengan GIS.

• Pengguna boleh memetakan tempat-tempat

tumpuan (POI) disekitar mereka dan tempat yang

mereka ketahui.

• 10 lapisan (layer) data yang boleh dipetakan oleh

pengguna;

• Place of Worship,

• Petrol Station,

• Accomodation,

• Bank,

• Educational Institution,

• Recreation,

• Tourism & Travel Destination,

• Emergency,

• Retails & Services Outlet

• Institution.

Pengenalan (samb…)

• 1Malaysia Map secara tidak langsung memperkenalkan

konsep services.

• Pengguna boleh menggunakan fungsi yang ditawarkan

melalui services yang dibekalkan tanpa pengguna perlu

membangunkan fungsi tersebut.

• Services yang digunakan dalam 1Malaysia Map

• Bing Map & Openstreet Map – basemap

• Google Routing Service

• Wunderground Weather Service

• Social Media Services

Fungsi Locator

• Carian nama-nama tempat yang telah digazettkan

1. Masukkan nama

tempat

2. Senarai hasil carian akan

dipaparkan

3. Klik pada nama tempat pada

hasil carian dan paparan tempat

ditunjukkan dalam peta

Edit Layer

• Membolehkan pengguna untuk tambah, edit atau buang

feature menggunakan feature template yang

disediakan.

• Feature template menyediakan semua maklumat yang

diperlukan untuk pembinaan feature

• 10 feature layer boleh diedit di dalam aplikasi

menggunakan Edit Widget

• Edit Widget secara automatik akan mengenalpasti jenis

feature yang boleh ditambah/edit berdasarkan layer

yang telah dikenalpasti pada feature template.

Edit Layer (samb..)

1. Pilih feature layer yang hendak

ditambah

Edit Layer (samb..)

1. Masukkan attribute bagi feature

yang dipilih

2. Klik OK apabila selesai

CABARAN

Perkongsian Sumber

Data (data sharing)

yang lemah

Crowdsourcing adalah sangat

penting bagi pengumpulan

data primer dan sekunder

tetapi memerlukan kepakaran

yang tinggi dalam analisis

Proses analisis yang

rumit

Pengemaskinian Data

Geospatial Agensi

Kurang pendedahan

mengenai aplikasi

open source map &

software

Kekurangan tenaga

mahir dalam bidang

Maklumat Geospatial

INPUT

BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

LAND:

Land use Deforestation Degradation

Desertification Waste disposal

WATER

Inland water pollution Utilization of inland

water Marine water pollution

ATMOSPHERE &

CLIMATE Air pollution

Climate change

BIODIVERSITY:

Destruction of biodiversity

Loss of aquatic fish Wildlife trade

Protected Area Habitat loss

SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

POPULATION: Characteristics of population

Population growth Rural urban migration

Health education

HEALTH:

Characteristics of health Mortality incidences

Noise pollution

AGRICULTURE:

Agricultural production Livestock population & production

Use of agrochemicals

POVERTY

TRANSPORTATION

TOURISM

ENERGY

Renewable energy Non-renewable energy

EDUCATION

ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT

INDUSTRY

NATURAL DISASTERS FLOOD HAZARD DROUGHT HAZARD CYCLONE EARTHQUAKE FOREST FIRES

VOLCANO’S LANDSLIDES

POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS STATUS OF EIA

STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT PARTICIPATION IN MAJOR GLOBAL CONVENTIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

DATABASE

OUTPUTS TABLES

GRAPHS

MAPS

Selain digunakan meluas dalam projek pembangunan, Geoinformasi

digunakan di kebanyakan negara maju sebagai alat meningkatkan

kecekapan perkhidmatan dalam perkhidmatan Kerajaan melalui

konsep ‘spatially enabled’(lokasi / tempat digunakan sebagai cara

utama menjalankan perniagaan). Ianya boleh diaplikasikan sekiranya

masyarakat mempunyai konsep ‘spatially enabled’.

Untuk mencapai konsep ini capaian geoinformasi perlu mudah dan

dianggap biasa (common) kepada rakyat.

Oleh itu, adalah penting bagi pihak kerajaan di semua peringkat

memulakan pemetaan ruang geografi secara komprehensif dan

menghasilkan polisi yang bersesuaian.