Pesticide Applicator TrainingGeneral Pest Category – 10A

David J. Shetlar, Ph.D.The “BugDoc”

The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension

Columbus, OH

© November, 2004, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

General Pest Control(ODA Category 10A)

Areas covered by exam:

Pest Identification

Biology of Major Pest Groups

Control Approaches

Pesticide Types, Modes of Action, & Application Techniques

Reading & Understanding Label Instructions

Groups Included in “General Pest”

Cockroaches Pantry Pests (grain & flour pests)

Nuisance Pests (ants, bees, wasps, flies)

Fiber & Paper Pests (carpet beetles, clothes moths, silverfish, booklice)

Structural (carpenter ants & bees - not termites)

Occasional Invaders (spiders, centipedes, millipedes, earwigs, mites, etc.)

Parasites (fleas, ticks, lice, bed bug)

Rodents

Characteristics of the PhylumArthropoda

The segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (e.g., head, thorax, abdomen).

The paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae) are jointed.

They posses a chitinous exoskeletion that must be shed during growth.

They have bilateral symmetry.

The nervous system is dorsal (belly) and the circulatory system is open and ventral (back).

Arthropod Groups (taxa)

The arthropods are divided into two large groups that exist today:

The Chelicerates

and

The Mandibulates

Chelicerate Arthropod Characters:

Pincher-like mouthparts - chelicerae - and pedipalps

NO antennae

Two body regions, usually - cephalothorax & abdomen

Four pairs of legs

Horseshoe crabs and arachnids are only living groups

Mandibulate Arthropod Characters:

Mouthparts are mandibles - normally chewing sideways

One or two pairs of antennae

Various body region arrangements - cephalothorax & abdomen / head & trunk / head, thorax & abdomen

Variable leg numbers

Insects, crustaceans & myriapods

Orders of Arachnids

Scorpionida - scorpions

Pseudoscorpionida - false scorpions

Phalangida - daddy-long-legs or harvestmen

Acari - mites & ticks

Araneida - spiders

pedipalps &chelicerae

cephalothorax

abdomen

Mite and Tick Body Regions

American dog tick male

Blacklegged (deer) tick female

pedipalp

chelicera (fang)

cephalothorax

abdomen

narrow waist

Spider Anatomy

Abdomen

Pedipalp

Chelicera (fang)

Cephalothorax

Jumping Spider

Classes of Myriapods(many legged arthropods)

(all have one pair of antennae, a head region, and trunk with many pairs of legs, use trachea)

Diplopoda - millipedes

Chilopoda - centipedes

Symphyla - garden centipedes

Myriapods

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body.

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body.

Symphylan (Symphyla)[garden centipede]

No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

[one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs]

Millipede (Diplopoda)

Centipede (Chilopoda)

Garden centipede (Symphyla)

Classes of Crustacea(mostly marine, fresh water, a few terrestrial)

(all have two pair of antennae, five or more pairs of legs, segmented abdominal appendages, head & trunk or

cephalothorax & abdomen body arrangement, have gills)

Isopoda - sowbugs or pillbugs

Amphipoda - sand fleas, amphipods

Cirripedia - barnicles

Decapoda - crabs, lobster, shrimp

several other minor orders

Crayfish cephalothorax(Decapoda)

Sowbug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean

Class Insecta(all have one pair of antennae, a head, thorax &

abdominal regions, three pair of legs, adults usually have wings, use trachea)

Life Cycle Groups

Incomplete - egg, nymph, adult stages

Complete - egg, larva, pupa, adult stages

Incomplete Life Cycle Example(hairy chinch bug)

egg 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th adult instar instar instar instar instar

Egg Nymphal AdultStage Stage Stage

Incomplete Metamorphosis Example(hairy chinch bug)

egg 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th shortwing normal wing instar instar instar instar instar adult adult

Egg Nymphal AdultStage Stage Stage

Complete Life Cycle Example(May/June beetle)

egg 1st 2nd 3rd pupa adult instar instar instar

Egg Larval Pupal AdultStage Stage Stage Stage

Complete Life Cycle Example(northern masked chafer)

egg 1st 2nd 3rd pupa adult instar instar instar

Egg Larval Pupal AdultStage Stage Stage Stage

Cockroaches

Ancient group (survivors!)

Incomplete life cycle (eggs in cases)

Omnivores (eat almost any food)

Anthropomorphic species (tropical & subtropical species that live in the “comfort” of human buildings)

Cockroach Species

German Brownbanded American Oriental (=waterbug)

Domestic Ohio Species

Native Species Woods roach

Cockroach SpeciesSpecies Size Life Span Preferred Habitats

American Large

1.3-2.1

1.5-2.0 yr Needs water, commonly breeds in sewer systems & underground utility systems.

Oriental Medium

1.0-1.3

1.0-3.0 yr Prefers high humidity areas, can withstand freezing temps, often in basements, garages, crawl spaces.

Brownbanded Small

0.5-0.6

90-280 days Can withstand dryer conditions, often lives in electrical equipment, attaches egg cases anywhere.

German Small

0.4-0.6

2-6 months Retains egg case until hatching, needs warmth, & water, often around food processing areas.

Cockroach SpeciesWoods Roach

Native North American species Attracted to lights at night Reduce dense outside vegitation Exclusion or parameter sprays useful in control

Cockroach Management

Monitor (sticky traps, flushing agents, determine extent of population)

Sanitation Exclusion (caulking, parameter sprays)

Crack & Crevice Sprays or Dusts (treat all areas at once)

Baits (eliminate other foods!)

Beetles (& weevils) Moths Mites

Stored Products Pests

Beetle Pantry Pests(by food type)

Internal Feeders Weevils

Grain borer

External Feeders Cigarette & Drugstore beetles

Scavengers Grain & flour beetles

Secondary Feeders

(old/moldy foods)

Mealworms

Spider beetles

Indian meal moth (dried fruits, processed grains, bird seed, dry pet food)

Mediterranean flour moth (processed grains)

Almond Moth (processed grains)

Angoumois grain moth (whole grains - often in farm granaries)

Moth Pantry Pests

Beetle, Moth & Mite Pantry Pest Management

Monitor (visual inspection, pheromone traps)

Sanitation (destroy infested materials)

Exclusion (store foods in tightly sealed containers, in freezer if possible)

Freeze or heat infested products (150°F for 20 minutes or 0°F for four days)

Fumigate (large food stores only!)

Fiber, Skin & Paper Pests

Carpet Beetles(black carpet beetle, furniture carpet beetle, carpet beetle)

Clothes Moths(webbing clothes moth, casemaking clothes moth, carpet moth)

Silverfish & Firebrat(silverfish, firebrat, fourlined silverfish)

Common carpet beetle

Black carpet beetle

Nuisance & Filth Flies

House Fly

Blow Flies

Flesh Flies

Fruit Flies

Moth Flies (drain fly)

Cluster Fly

Phorid Flies

Winged Ants versus Winged TermitesElbowed antennae Beadlike, curved antennae

Narrow “waist” No waist between thorax & abodmen

Wings unequal in size Wings equal in size

Food Preferences (sugars, oils, or omnivores)

Nesting Habits (soil, tree voids, or building voids)

Worker Types (single - monomorphic - or multiple sizes - polymorphic)

Reproductive Strategy (single or multiple queens)

Nuisance Ants

Common Ohio Ants

Carpenter Ant

Characterized by having polymorphic workers

Nest by excavating decaying wood or voids (they don’t eat the wood, they cast out wood shavings!)

Major nests in trees (satellite nests in buildings where water is available)

Most active at night (best time to find colony(ies) is at night!)

Carpenter Ant Management

Locate nesting site(s) (outside and/or inside - look at night, repair water damaged structures)

Prune back trees and shrubs touching infested building

Seal external entry sites

Exclude with parameter sprays

Treat colonies (injection, dusts) (baiting is rarely successful)

Larger Yellow (Citronella) Ant Odorous House Ant Acrobat Ants Argentine Ant Little Black Ant Pavement Ant Pharaoh Ant Thief Ant

Common Ohio AntsHouse & Building Invaders

Ant Management

Identify species!

Locate nesting site (outside and/or inside)

Prune back trees and shrubs touching infested building

Seal external entry sites

Exclude with parameter sprays

Select appropriate bait

Treat colonies (injection, dusts)

Household Related Parasites

Fleas

Ticks

Lice (head, body, pubic)

Mosquitoes

No-see-ums (ceratopogonids)

Bird mites

Fleas

Cat, dog & rat fleas are most commonly found (cat flea is, by far, the most common on dogs and cats!)

Adults suck blood for food

Eggs drop from host

Flea larvae feed on organic debris & blood excrement from adult fleas

Pupae may remain dormant

Flea Life Cycle

Eggs - 2-14 daysLarvae - 7-60 daysPupae - 5-15 days

Adults - 2-12 monthsfemales - 15-20

eggs/day - 600 total

Flea Control Coordination

Pet

Exterior Interior

Flea Control Products

Pesticides - Contact Pesticides - IGR's

Biological Control

Bendiocarb (Ficam)*

Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)

Cyfluthrin (Tempo)*

Diazinon

Fluvalinate (Mavrik)

Permethrin (Astro)*

Pyrethrins

Fenoxycarb (Torus)

Methoprene (Precor)

Steinernema carpocapsae

(Exhibit, Vector, Biosafe)

Tick Control

Common Ohio Species

Not Native to Ohio

American Dog Tick

Groundhog Tick

Brown Dog Tick

Black legged Tick (Deer Tick)

American Dog Tick

Eggs - 35-57 days

Larvae - six legs, 3-7days feedrodent host, 7 days molt

Nymph - 8 legs, 3-6 days feedsmall host, 2-3 weeks molt

Adults - 8 legs, 7-10 days feedlarge host, eggs in 5-7 days4,000-6,500 eggs

Tick Management

AvoidanceDestroy Habitat & HostsRemovalChemical Control

Tick Control Products

Chemical Sprays

RepellentsCarbaryl (Sevin)

Chlorpyrifos (Dursban)

Cyfluthrin (Tempo)*

Diazinon

Fenvalerate (Mavrik)

Malathion

Bendiocarb (Ficam)*

Deet

Permanone

Human Lice

Head louse most common (obtained by contact and exchanging clothing, especially hats and head gear)

Body louse very uncommon

Pubic louse fairly common (obtained ONLY by body-to-body contact!)

Mosquitoes

Many species involved

Larvae grow in temporary pools of water (from acres of wet fields to tiny tree holes and roadside cans or trash)

May require area treatments

Occasional Invaders

Spiders

Earwigs

Millipedes, centipedes, sowbugs

Bugs (pine leaffooted, boxelder)

Asian multicolored lady beetle

Clover mite

Ohio Nuisance Rodents

Rodent Management

Cultural & PhysicalRat Proofing

Traps

Glueboards

ChemicalRodenticides (tracking powders,

single dose, acutes, anticoagulants, fumigants)