Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Presentation onPositron Emission Tomography

scanningSubmitted by:

Rohit Kumar Singh

B-Tech(MAE)

I-Shift, I-Year

Roll. No. : E-04

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated To : Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, DelhiPSP Area, Plot no. 1, Sector-22, Rohini,Delhi-110041

• What is Positron Emission Tomography ?

• called PET imaging or a PET scan, is a diagnostic examination that involves the acquisition of physiologic images based on the detection of radiation from the emission of positrons.

• Positron emission tomography (PET) using18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been usedsuccessfully in the diagnosis of various cancers.

• FDG PET can be used in cancer screening

How It Works ?

• PET is a nuclear medicine technology best known for its role in cancer imaging. A small amount of a radioactive sugar molecule, 18 fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG), is injected into the bloodstream and a scanner is used to detect and generate images that indicate areas of high-FDG uptake. Many cancers require more energy than normal cells and the FDG tracer preferentially accumulates in these cells. This allows cancers to be seen as “hot spots” on the PET scan.

What are some common uses of Positron Emission Tomography?

• used most often to detect cancer and to examine the effects of cancer.

• PET scans of the heart can be used to determine blood flow to the heart muscle and help evaluate signs of coronary artery disease

• PET scans of the brain are used to evaluate patients who have memory disorders.

What does the equipment look like ?• positron emission tomography (PET) scanner

is a large machine with a round, doughnut shaped hole in the middle, similar to a CT or MRI unit.

PET scanner, or probe detects this energy and with the help of a computer creates pictures offering details on

both the structure and function of organs and tissues in your body.

Positron Emission TomographyPositron Emission Tomography• Recent mainstream acceptance• relatively expensive

– cyclotron for tracer production

– detectors must stop high-energy gamma-rays

• low resolution (>2 mm), limited counting statistics

• BUT unique functional capabilities

• Applications• Diagnosis of disease

– cancer (WB), cardiac, …• Research

– brain function– animal studies

PET scans of the brain

Figure 1 is a PET scan that shows normal activity in a healthy brain.

Figure 2 is a PET scan of a brain in a person with Alzheimer's disease. The gray area outlined on Figure 2

shows lower levels of brain activity.

Analytes in PET• Gases (oxygen, carbon

monoxide)• Inorganic ions

(fluoride,sodium bicarbonate)

Water• Amino acids (tyrosine,

methionine, tryptophane,• Fatty acids (palmitinic acid..• Carbohydrates (Glucose)• Neurotransmitters• Drugs (receptor ligands)• Peptides (opioids,• Proteins (albumin, ferritin..)

Summary of Talk1. PET has high sensitivity

and specificity2. PET used in therapeutic

drug development

3. Pharmacokinetic modeling: plasma concentration and

tissue uptake4. Study drug distribution:

“peripheral” benzodiazepine receptor

5. Study drug metabolism: inhibit defluorination

•Thank You !!!!!!