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Peter Graham SBCS08
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Building Ecology: First Principles for a Sustainable Built Environment
Dr. Peter Graham
United Nations Environment Programme
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Aims
• How buildings can be ‘sustainability’ solutions rather than problems
• To explain the basic principles for Building Ecological sustainability;
• Show some examples.
WHAT IS NOT SUSTAINABLE?
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(http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/)
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?
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Unsustainable
Sustainable
Interdependency Thermodynamics
Change
Building Ecology… a ‘systems approach’
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“My life is my message” - Ghandi
Sustainability can be used as a framework for design thinking.
Building Ecology Is:• The study of how our built home effects our
natural home;• The study of the interdependencies and effects
of building and natural environments on each other;
• About discovering the interactions between building and nature and the effects of those interactions.
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Building Ecology’s Objective Is:
• To discover ways of creating harmony between building and nature so that mutually beneficial and life-supporting relationships can be designed and constructed.
The PrinciplesInterdependency
– Practice Life-Cycle Thinking
Thermodynamics– Use New Things Least– Turn Waste into Food– Consume no more than can be regenerated
Change– Protect and Enhance Diversity– Encourage Learning & Innovation– Let Solutions Grow from Place
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Interdependency
“To see the world in a grain of sand and heaven in a wild flowerhold eternity in the palm of your hand and eternity in an
hour...”William Blake
Principle: Practice life-cycle thinkingKey Concept: Accumulate material resourcesStrategies: Adaptable design/LCA/LCC/Ecolabels
PRACTICE LIFE-CYCLE THINKING
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Life-Cycle Thinking
• Consider the whole System First;• Consider effects through time.
Example: The Building Life-cycle
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‘Peak’ Tropical Series – Fairweather Homes
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Life-Cycle Design
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Floor finishes have the greatest impact [in office buildings…[up to 40%]they are replaced as many as 12 times in a 60yr life span.
“Changing to a recycled rubber or natural fibreunderlay can reduce the overall impact of floor finishes by up to two-thrids” BRE, 2002
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Solenium Carpeting, Interface, Inc.
Thermodynamics
Principles: Use New Things LeastTurn Waste Into FoodConsume no more than can be regenerated.
Key Concepts: 1st, 2nd & 4th Laws of Thermodynamics,
Strategies: Bioclimatic design, Adaptable design, Ecocycle-design, Metabolism.
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USE NEW THINGS LEAST
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Urban Metabolism - water
The Industrial Metabolism
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Sydney Airport Rail Tunnel - Fly Ash Concrete Used
Reusing Buildings• Saves:
– 1.67GJ/m2 of embodied energy;
– 0.45 tonnes of CO2/m2;
– 1.25 tonnes/m2
of resources; and
• Eliminates:– ~120 kg/m2 of
solid waste.
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Modular Design & Buildability
Pre-Engineered housing proposal for Chongqing, CHINABattle-McCarthy
Pre-Engineered housing proposal for Chongqing, CHINABattle-McCarthy
住宅单元
设备单元
隔断
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Materials cycles planning– Fast-cycling materials and systems need to be able to be
replaced without damaging slow-cycling materials
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Design for deconstruction
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Materials you can build with – rather than only ‘building materials’
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‘Wigglesworth House – London’
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TURN WASTE INTO FOOD
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CONSUME NO MORE THAN CAN BE
REGENERATED
CH2 Melbourne
Architect: Mick Pierce
Source: Professor Rob Adams - Design & Culture: City of Melbourne
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•ceiling vaults are surrounded by 16 chimneys alternatelyextracting and supplying air to the offices
•these were placed across the window wall in such a way as to limit the distribution of light fairly over the vertical surface of the facade
•as the air demand increases with height so the need for light decreases and the width of windows floor by floor decreases withheight.
chimneyducts
• NORTH ELEVATION OF CH2
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• SOUTH ELEVATION
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Displacement Ventilation Improves Indoor Air Quality
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• “Wherever possible…all activities will be powered by renewable energy.”
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Change
CHANGE IS OUR SURVIVAL STRATEGY
Principles: Protect & Enhance DiversityEncourage Learning & InnovationLet Solutions Grow from Place
Key Concept: Intentions & SurprisesStrategies: Renewables, use biology rather than
technology, monitoring & feedback.
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USE CHANGE AS A SURVIVAL STRATEGY
PROTECT AND ENHANCE DIVERSITY
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Diversity
• We need biodiversity for resilient ecosystems;• We need economic diversity for resilient
markets;• We need diversity of cultures and experience
for resilient people.
Styx Valley - Tasmania
Renewable resources can be used in unsustainable ways
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Lost Biodiversity
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Tadao Ando: Rokko Housing Kobe Japan
Enhancing Biodiversity
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Diversity of Materials
Diversity of Culture & Experience
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American Indian Housing Initiative – Penn State University
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ENCOURAGE LEARNING & INNOVATION
http://www.zedfactory.com/bedzed/
Biophysical/Technical/Social Issues
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SOLUTIONS GROW FROM PLACE
Van der Ryn & Cowen (1996) Ecological Design, Island Press Washington D.C.
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The Principles AgainInterdependency
– Practice Life-Cycle Thinking
Thermodynamics– Use New Things Least– Turn Waste into Food– Consume no more than can be regenerated
Change– Protect and Enhance Diversity– Encourage Learning & Innovation– Let Solutions Grow from Place
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Remember …
• Sustainable building is a process of continually identifying and eradicating unsustainabilities;
• Together with a process of reflecting on action taken and learning;
• It is a positive process of building resilience, adaptive capacity and durability in both human and eco-systems;
• Buildings themselves are a means of generating ecological and social services;
• Building ecology is necessary for ecologically sustainable cities.
THANKYOU!
More information:
Dr. Peter Graham