Oil & Gas 101Well Intervention & Well End-of-Life

Teoman Altinkopru

Vice President Well Intervention, Schlumberger

Agenda

2

CT Unit Components

Why Coiled Tubing?

Coiled Tubing in P&A

Coiled Tubing Market

How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?

Q&A

Evolution of Coiled Tubing Market

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

$ M

Worldwide CT Market

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

CT

U’s

Worldwide CTU Count

3

Source: SPE ICoTASource: SPEARS

Product Portfolios

Coiled Tubing Equipment

– Units

– Data Acquisition

Coiled Tubing Fluid Applications

– Well Kill / Kick Off

– Nitrogen Applications

– Wellbore Fill Removal

– Acid and Screen Wash

– Matrix acidizing

– Chemical Treatments and Shut offs

– CT Cementing

Coiled Tubing Tools

– Flow Control

– Scale Removal

– Fishing

– Zonal Isolation

– Milling/ Drilling / Underreaming

– Tubing Cutting

Coiled Tubing Logging and Perforating

– Perforating

– Logging

Coiled Tubing Completions

– Velocity String

– Completion – Conventional and Spoolable

– ESP

– Sand Management – Gravel Pack and Consolidation

Advanced Services

– Live Downhole Coiled Tubing Services

– Integrated Coiled Tubing Production Service

– Real Time Production Logging

– Inflatable Packers

4

CT Operational Breakdown

15%

11%

10%

10%

7%

7%

5%

5%

5%

4%

4%

4%

3%3%

2%1% 1% Coiled Tubing Wellbore Cleanout

Coiled Tubing Well Circulation

Coiled Tubing Matrix

Non-Service Related

N2 Services Only - No CT

Coiled Tubing Equipment Rental

Coiled Tubing Tool Conveyance

Coiled Tubing Milling

Coiled Tubing Recharges Only

Coiled Tubing Cementing

Coiled Tubing Logging

Coiled Tubing Fishing / Retrieval

Coiled Tubing Completion

5

Agenda

6

CT Unit Components

Why Coiled Tubing?

Coiled Tubing in P&A

Coiled Tubing Market

How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?

Q&A

Coiled Tubing Welds (Bias)

Bias Weld

Welded as flat strip: joints two strips. Traditionally used filler material

Till final length is reached

When tubing is formed, the weld takes the shape of a helix

7

Flat steel about to be welded

Coiled Tubing Welds (Seam Weld)

Inline Seam Weld

In every string where the flat

steel was rolled and joined

Often referred to as the “flash”

No filler material

Long Itudinal

Weld Profile

Bias Weld

Profile

8

How Coiled Tubing Is Made

9

Sheet Alloy

In Line Seam Welding

Weld Surface Finished

and Heat Treated

Rollers Pressing Sheet

Into Tube

Tapered CT String

10

Strips of different thickness are jointed

to form a tapered string

Intermediate

Lighter wall

Heavier wall

Residual Bend

A Key Issue

Its influence

Compression

Buckling

Access

11

Helical Lockup The distance to which the CT can be pushed into a

highly deviated or horizontal well is not the instant

when helical buckling occurs.

It has been shown experimentally and proven through

numerous field cases that the pipe can proceed

further, without damage, beyond what is the load for

helical buckling.

The maximum penetration depth is reached when the

applied force on the CT at surface can no longer

overcome the friction due to the helical wall contact

forces.

This situation is called “helical lockup”.

Sinusoidal

Buckling

Helical

Buckling

12

Common Intervention MethodsWhere Coiled Tubing Fits

13

Req

uire

d Le

vel o

f Eng

inee

ring

Intervention Methods

Cost & Duration of Intervention

Slick Line

Coiled

Tubing

Snubbing

Unit

Workover

Rig

Agenda

14

CT Unit Components

Why Coiled Tubing?

Coiled Tubing in P&A

Coiled Tubing Market

How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?

Q&A

Coiled Tubing Unit

Prime Mover

Control Cabin

Tubing Reel

Injector Head

BOP/Stripper

Lifting Equipment

15

CT Reel – Functions

Basic functions of the reel:

Storing and protecting the CT string – reel

drum (1)

Maintaining proper tension between reel and

injector head (reel drive system)

Efficiently spooling the CT string onto the

reel drum - levelwind system (2)

Circulating fluids with the drum rotating –

swivel (3)

Application of protective coating or inhibitor

on tubing string - tubing lubricator system

(4)

CT depth measurement system - reel

mounted counter and integrity monitor (5)This is always the heaviest load. Determines logistics and applicability in many situations !

1

2

3

4

5

1

3

16

Reel Models

17

Reel Size Comparison

Injector Head – FunctionsBasic functions of the injector head or equipment

normally mounted on the injector head include:

Injecting and retrieving the CT string

Holding the CT string static

Guiding the CT to the reel

Tension/compression measurement (weight indicator)

Depth/speed measurement (depth system sensor)

Mounting place for primary pressure barrier (stripper)

18

Gooseneck

Recommendations

Tubing Size (in.) Radius (in.)

1-1/4 48 to 72

1-1/2 48 to 72

1-3/4 72 to 96

2 72 to 96

2-3/8 90 to 120

2-7/8 90 to 120

3-1/2 96 to 120

19

HR 240 - 50-in.

HR 480 - 108-in.

HR 240 - 72-in.

The “44” rule …..

CT Well Control Equipment

Equipment providing

pressure control in live well

operations

Stripper

BOP

Check valve in the BHA

20

Stripper

Primary Well Control

Hydraulically actuated

10,000 or 15,000 psi WP

3 different configurations

– Top loaded

– Side Door

– Radial (High Pressure)

21

BOP Features

Blind ram

Shear Ram

Slip ram

Pipe ram

22

WHP Sensor Port

Equalizing Valve

2” side port

Equalizing Valve

CTU Power Pack and Control Cab

23

CTU – Skid Mounted

24

CTU – Barge Mounted

Lake Maracaibo Barge Unit Nigerian Barge Unit

25

CT Express

26

Coiled Tubing ExpressTrailer mounted CTU –Examples of Slb Units

CT SEAS

27

Agenda

28

CT Unit Components

Why Coiled Tubing?

Coiled Tubing in P&A

Coiled Tubing Market

How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?

Q&A

Market Driver: NAM Horizontal Rig Growth

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016…

Vert

Horz

Dir

RigCount

29

North America

Source: Baker Hughes

Market Driver: NAM Shale Plays

30

Market Driver: Maximum Reservoir Contact

31

UZ-750 MD/TVD = 3

Market Driver: Extreme Reservoir Contact

32

Source: Saudi Aramco

33

Wireline

Completions

D&MWell Services IPS

Testing Artificial Lift PTS

OneSubsea

BDT

DTS

CT Sand Control

Production Logging

CH Logging

Perforating

CTD Matrix stimulation

CoilFRAC

CT Cementing

P&A

TCP

UBD CTD

REDACoil

Cable Deployed ESP

Domain Expertise

Light Weight

Intervention

Thru-Tubing tools

Well Intervention Interacts with a wide range of services

ACTive Technology Platform Roadmap

34

Straddle

Mechanical

Services

Platform

OptiFIRE MLT Logging

ACTive Decipher ACTive PS Gamma RayTension

Compression DFLO

2010 201520112008

2014

Measurements

Platform

Xtreme

Universal Circulation

Optical MHA

CT Re-frac

Distributed

Measurements

2016 2018 2020

Impact of Real-Time Downhole Measurements

35

Treatment Execution

Initial Treatment Design

Full Treatment Evaluation

In the past Conventional CT

Intervention and Stimulation Workflow

36

SPE 165121

Treatment Execution

Initial Treatment Design

Treatment Evaluation

DecisionNew Treatment Design

Full Treatment Evaluation

Real-time downhole measurements

Now using

ACTive technologies

Intervention and Stimulation Workflow

37

Agenda

38

CT Unit Components

Why Coiled Tubing?

Coiled Tubing in P&A

Coiled Tubing Market

How Coiled Tubing is Manufactured?

Q&A

P&ADrill to Frac Frac to Produce Produce to Recover

“Life of a Well”

Produce to RecoverComplete to Produce

DD/MWD/LWD Zonal Isolation Completion Frac/Stimulation Reservoir Mgmt Well Intervention

Drill to Complete

Recover Zonal Isolation

39

Permanent Well Abandonment

Questions

41