APPENDIX – A

FACULTY OF PHARMACYGOMAL UNIVERSITY, DERA ISMAIL KHAN.

STATUTES AND REGULATIONS RELATING TO DEGREEOF

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY AND EXAMINATIONS

GENERAL STATUTES

1. The Doctor of Pharmacy shall be a five years course.

2. The examination shall be divided into five parts, i.e. Doctor

of Pharmacy, 1st Professional at the end of first year,

Doctor of Pharmacy, 2nd Professional at the end of second

year, Doctor of Pharmacy, 3rd Professional at the end of the

third year, Doctor of Pharmacy, 4th Professional at the end

of the fourth year, and final Professional at the end of final

year.

3. Instructions for the degree of PHARM-D course will be

given in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera

Ismail Khan. The medium of instructions and

examinations shall be English except in Islamic and

Pakistan Studies in which it can also be Urdu.

4. The following shall be the subjects to be covered in five

academic years.

1. Pharmaceutics

2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry

3. Physiology

4. Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

5. Pharmaceutical Microbiology

6. Pharmacology

7. Pharmacognosy

8. Pathology

9. Marketing & Management

10. Quality control

11. Clinical pharmacy

12. Islamic and Pakistan Studies

13. Mathematics and Bio-Statistics

5. An outline of subjects with the number of marks of the

Doctor of Pharmacy Examination (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and

Final Professional) is given in Appendix B. The outline

may be changed from time to time by the Academic

Council on the recommendation of the Board of Studies

in Pharmacy and the Faculty of Pharmacy.

5. The Courses of study are specified in the syllabus laid

down in appendix B (course details). This syllabus may

be modified from time to time by the Academic Council

on the recommendation of the Board of Studies in

Pharmacy and the Faculty of Pharmacy.

_______________________

DEANFaculty ofPharmacy

APPENDIX – B

OUTLINE OF SUBJECTS

FIRST PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-I ( Physical Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-1 (Organic) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Physiology and Histology 75 50 125

Paper 4. Anatomy 75 50 125

Paper 5. Pharmaceutical Biochemistry 100 100 200

Paper 6. Pharmaceutical Mathematics &Biostatistics 50+50 100

TOTAL 950

SECOND PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-II (Pharm. Preparations) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmacology & Therapeutics -I 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmaceutical Microbiology 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmacognosy-I 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pak. Studies and Islamiat/Ethics 40+60 100

TOTAL 900

THIRD PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-III (Dispensing & CommunityPharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmacognosy-II (Phyto Chem) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II(Instrumentation) 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmacology-II (Clinical Pharmacology &Toxicology) 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pathology 50 50 100

TOTAL 900

FOURTH PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics -IV (Hospital Pharmacy) 100 - 100

Paper 2. Pharmaceutics -V (Clinical Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmaceutics-VI (Industrial Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmaceutics-VII (Bio Pharmaceutics) 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-VIII (Quality Control) 100 100 200

TOTAL 900

FINAL PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III(MedicinalChemistry) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmaceutics-IX(Clinical Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Forensic Pharmacy 100 - 100

Paper 4. Pharmaceutical technology 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pharmaceutical Management &Marketing 100 - 100

Paper 6. Computer and its application inPharmacy 50 50 100

TOTAL 900

GROSS TOTAL 4550

_______________________

DEANFaculty ofPharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY(WRITTEN)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND BASICBIOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLESRole of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry in the health

profession.

Nature of biochemical reactions.

2. BASIC CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES

A. PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

Chemistry classification Proteins & Amino

acids,reactions of Amino Acids & proteins.

Organizational level of Proteins.

Biological and Pharmaceutical importance of Proteins

and Amino Acids

Macromolecular nature of Proteins.

B. CARBOHYDRATES

Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Classification, reactions

of Carbohydrates, Optical activity, Biological and

Pharmaceutical importance of Carbohydrates.

C. LIPIDS

Chemistry of Fatty Acids and Lipids, classification

(specifiable and non-saponifible lipids,

simple,complex and derived lipids) reaction of Fatty

Acids and other Lipids.

Essential Fatty Acids, Biological and pharmaceutical

importance of Lipids

D. ENZYMES

Chemistry,classification,Modeofaction,kinetics(Micha

elisMentenEquationandsome

modifications)Inhibition,Activation,Specificity,Alloster

ic enzymes, Factors affecting the rate of an enzyme-

catalyzed reaction, Biological and pharmaceutical

importance, Mechanism of action of some important

enzymes(Chymotrpsin,Ribonuclease)

E. NUCLIC ACIDS

Chemistry, Types (DNA, RNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA),

Purine and Pyrimidine bases, Nuceloside, Nucelotide,

Structure of nucleic acid, Biological and important of

nucleic acids.

F. VITAMINS

Chemistry, Classification (Fat-soluble and water-

soluble Vitamins), Biological and important of

Vitamins.

G. HORMONES

Chemistry, Classification (Proteinous and non-

protenous Hormones, amino acids derivatives,

steroids), Biological and important of Hormones.

3. METABOLIC FATE OF BIOMOLECULES(ANABOLISMAND CATABOLISM)

A. CARBOHYDRATES

Introduction to metabolism, Brief introduction to the

digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, aerobic

and

anaerobicbreakdownofGlucose,Glycolysis,Pentosepho

sphatepathway,Glycogenolysis,Glycogenesis,Glyconeo

genesis, Citric acid cycle,Energetics of various

metabolic processes.

B. LIPIDS

Brief introduction to digestion and absorption of

Lipids.

Oxidation of fatty acids through B-Oxidation.

Biosynthesis of fatty acids.

Neutral lipids and cholesterol.

C. PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS

Brief introduction to digestion and absorption of

Proteins and Amino Acids.

Metabolism of essential and non-essential Amino

Acids.

Biosynthesis catabolism ofHaemins and porphyrin

compounds.

D. BIOENERGETICS

Principle of Bioenergetics, Electron transport chain

and oxidative phosphorylation.

4. REGULATION OF METABOLIC PROCESSESA. ROLE OF VITAMINS

Regulation role of fat-soluble vitamins(A,D,E and

K)and water –soluble

vitamins(Thimain,Riboflavin,Pantothenic

acid,Niacin,Pyridoxal phosphate,Biotin,Folic

acid,Cyanocoblamin,members of B-complex and

Ascorbic acid),Coenzymes and their role in the

regulation of metabolic processes.

B. HORMONES

Mechanism of action of Hormones.

Physiological role of various Hormones.

Site of synthesis and target site of Hormones.

C. SECONDRY MESSENGER

Role of cAMP, Calcium ions and phosphoinositol in

the regulation of metabolic processes.

D. GENE EXPRESSION

Replication,Transcription and Translation(Gene

expression),

Introduction to Biotechnology and genetic

engineering,

Basic principles of Recombinant DNA technology,

Pharmaceutical application,B

alance of Catabolic,Anabolic and Amphibolic process

in Human metabolism,

Acid-Base and Electrolyte balance in Human body.

PRACTICAL

a. Qualitative analysis ofAmino acids, Peptides, Proteins and Carbohydrates.

Lipids and Sterols (Cholesterol).

Bile Salts and billirubin.

Blood analysis – sugar,Uric acid,Billirubin,Cholestrol and

Createnin.

b. Quantitative analysis of

Carbohydrates-Glucose(reducing sugar)and any other

carbohydrate using Bendict and Anthrone method,Amino

acids

Proteins and peptide using Biuret and

ninhydrin(spectrophotometric) method.

Analysis of normal and abnormal components of

Urine,Sugar,Uric acid,Billiurin,Cholestrol and Creatinin.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. M N Chaterjea Medical Biochemistry,Jaypee Brothers

Medical Publisher New Delhi 2003.

2. Robert Murray,Daryl K,Ganner ,Peter A Mayes,Victor W

Rodwell Harper’s Biochemistry,Appleton and Lange ,Lange

Medical Publications New York 2000.

3. Albert L Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, CBS

Publisher, Dehli 1993.

4. Lubert Stryer Biochemistry,W H Fareeman and company

2002.

5. Pamela C Champe,Richard A Harvery ,Illustrate

Biochemistry,J Lippincot Company 1994.

6. Harper’s Biochemistry,Print Hall,New Jersy1996.

7. M Rafiq, Biochemistry, The Caravan Book House, Lahore

1st Ed.

8. Montogomary Clinical Chemistry the C V Mosby company

5th Ed.

9. Conn and Stumpf,Outlines of Biochemistry,John Willy &

sons New York 5th Ed,1999.

10. Lehninger, Biochemistry Worth publisher Co, New York.

11. Ahmed M Essential of Medical Biochemistry,Merit

publisher Faisalabad.

12. West E S,Todd R W and Van Bruggen T J,Text Book of

Biochemistry, the MacMillan Co1996.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

1. BASIC CONCEPTConjugation, hyper conjugation, Hydrogen – Bonding

Resonance theory and rules of Resonance, Resonance Effect,

Stearic Effect, Inductive Effect, Solvent Effect,Mesomeric

effect,effect of structure onreactivity of compounds,Tautamerism

of carbonyl compounds.

2. NUCLEOPHILIC AND ELECTROPHILICSUBSTITUTION REACTION IN ALEPHATIC ANDAROMATIC SYSTEMS

3. ORIENTATION IN ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTIONREACTION OF BENZENE RING

4. ORGANIC REACTIONS:Metal hydride reduction, Baeyer-villager oxidation; Friedel craft

reaction; wolf-Kishner reduction, Dials Alder reaction; Grignard

Reaction,Perkin reaction and Cannizzaro reaction.

5. CARBONIUM ION REARRANGEMENT:Pinacol Pinacolone, Wagner Meerwein Rearrangement,

Beckmann, Hofmann, Wolff Rearrangement.

6. CARBONIONS:Condensation reaction(Aldole condensation,Favorskii

rearrangement,Witting reaction.

7. STEREOCHEMISTRY:Stereoisomerism, optical isomerism, Molecules with more than

one chiral center, Geometerical isomerism, Resolution of racemic

mixture, Conformational Analysis.

8. FREE RADICALS:Introduction, Stability and Structure, Preparation and

properties.

9. GENERAL METHODS OF PREPARATION,PROPERTIES,IDENTIFICATION TEST ANDPHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE FOLLOWINGCLASSES AND THEIR ANALOUGES:

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Amines

and Anilines.

10. PREPARTION AND PROPERTIES OFHETROCYCLIC COMPOUNS: such as:

pyrrole, furan, thiophene, Imidazole, Oxazole, Thiazole Pyridine,

Pyrnidime.

PRACTICALNOTE:

Practical of the sub ject shall be designed from time to time

on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities,e.g

1. Organic analysis,Identification of unknown simple

organic compounds.

2. Organic preparations :Benzoic acid, Aspirin,Acetanilide,

Iodoform,Nitrophenol,3-nitrophthalic,Benzhydrol and

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. A guide book to mechanism in organic chemistry by

peter Sykes New York 1st Ed 1991.

2. E L Eliel Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds Tata

McGraw- Hill,New Dehli 1992.

3. Rehamn and M Younis Organic Chemistry for B.Sc

students,llmi Kitab Khana Lahore 1997.

4. L Finar Organic Chemistry Vol 1,Person Education Asia

6th Ed New Dehli 2001.

5. Raj K Bansel Oraganic Reaction Mechanism Tata

McGarw-Hill New Dehli 1992.

6. Furaiss Brain,Practical Organic Chemistry 5th Ed ELBS

London

7. Sykes A P Guide Book to mechanism in organic

chemistry 5th Ed Lonsmen Co,UK 1970.

8. Ropert J D and Caserio M C Basic Principle in Organic

Chemistry 1990.

9. Naser-ud-Din Introduction to Stereochemistry, Ghafoor

stationary Mart Peshawar.

10. Bhal B S Text Book of Organic Chemistry S Chand &

Co, New Dehli 14th Ed 1995.

PHARMACEUTICS – I(GENERAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL

PRINCIPLES)SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

1. PHARMACY ORIENTATIONIntroduction and orientation to the professional of

pharmacy in relation to Industrial pharmacy, Hospital

pharmacy, Retail pharmacy,Forensic and clinical

pharmacy, pharmaceutical Education and Research.

2. HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF PHARMACYa) A survey of the history of pharmacy through ancient

Greek and Arab periods with special reference to

contribution of Muslim Scientists to Pharmacy and

allied sciences.

b) An introduction to various official and unofficial

books.

3. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PRINCIPLESa) SOLUTIONS

Introduction, types, concentration expression, Ideal

and real solution, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law,

colligative properties of solutions,their mathematical

derivatives, lowering of vapor pressure, its

determination, elevation of boiling point, its

determination osmotic pressure and osmosis, its

determination, molecular weight determination.

b) SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION ANDDISTRIBUTION PHENOMENON

Definition of solubility, solubility expression, factor

affecting solubility, (solubility curves) solubility

product, salting-in, salting-out, distribution of

solutes between solvents, applications of distribution

law.

c) IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Acid-base equilibrium, ionization of week acids,

ionization of weak bases, ionization of water,

Sorensen’s pH scale, ion product of water, ionization

constant PK and POH.

d) BUFFERS AND BUFFERED ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS:

Buffer equation for a weak acid and its salt, for weak

base and its salt, buffer action and types, drugs as

buffer, buffer capacity, pH indicators, buffers an

pharmaceutical and biological system,

pharmaceutical buffers and their preparation,

buffered isotonic solution, applications of osmosis.

e) HYDROLYSIS

Ionic and molecular hydrolysis, protection against

hydrolysis.

f) MICROMERTICS

Liquid interface, surface and interfacial tensions,

their measurement, capillary rise method, DuNouy’s

tensiometer, Applications in pharmacy.

4. DISPERSIONS:a) COLLOIDS

Types, method of preparation properties (optical,

kinetic, electrical ) Dialysis and artificial

Kidney,stabilityn of colloids,protection and

sensitization phenomenon and application of colloids

in pharmacy.

b) EMULSIONTypes and theory of Emulsification,Emulsifying agents

their classification and stability of Emulsion.

c) SUSPENSIONTypes, method of preparation,properties,suspending

agent their classification and stability.

5. RHEOLOGYViscosity, Newton’s law of flow, kinematic viscosity,

Rheology-Non-Netonian system, plastic flow,

pseudoplastic flow, dialatant flow, Thixotropy

measurement, thixotropy in formulation,

determination of viscosity, choice of viscometers,

capillary viscometer, psychorheology, applications of

rheology in pharmacy.

6. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROCESSa) PRECIPITATION

Process of precipitation and it is application in pharmacy.

b) CRYSTALLIZATION

Types of Crystals, Mechanism and methods of

Crystallization and its application in pharmacy.

c) DISTILLATION

Simple distillation, Fractional Distillation, steam

Distillation,Vaccum distillation and destructive

distillation and their application in pharmacy.

d) SUBLIMATION AND LYOPHILIZATION

Principles, freeze – drying, stages of drying process,

primary drying, secondary drying, packaging.

Applications in pharmacy.

e) MISCELLANEOUS PROCESSEfflorescence and exsiccation, dessiccation, decantation,

deliquescence and hydroscopicity, levigation, ignition,

fusion,

elutriation,Lyophillization,Sublimation,Calcination,Adsorpt

ion,Evaporation,Vaporization,Centrifugation and

Tituration.

6. RATE AND ORDER OF REACTION7. KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTING

THEORATIC CONSIDERATION: Degradation:a) PHYSICAL FACTORS

Influence of Ph, Temperature,Ionic strength,acid-base

catalysis,U.V light.

b) CHEMICAL FACTORS

Complex chemical reaction,Oxidation-reduction and Hydrolysis.

PRACTICAL

NOTE

Practical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities.

1. Experiments to demonstrate some of physico-chemical

processes like simple distillation, steam distillation,

crystallization, dialysis.

2. Demonstration of Emulsion system.

3. Determination of particle size.

4. Preparation of Buffer solutions and isotonic solution.

5. Determination of %age composition of solutions by specific

gravity method.

6. Partition-Coefficient, surface tension, viscosity.

TEXT AND RECOMMENDED BOOK

1. Martin Physical Pharmacy B I Waverly PVT,Deehli 4th Ed

1994.

2. Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy CBS

Publisher&Distribution New Dehli 1986.

3. Bentley’s Pharmaceutics all India traveler book seller New

Dehli 1996.

4. Martin p Bustamante P & Chun Physical &Chemical

Principles of Pharmaceutical Science AHC 4th Ed 1999 New

York.

5. Martin AMN Banker G S&Chun AHC Advances in

Pharmaceutical Sciences.Academic press London.

6. Mill C C Casson,N Rheology of dispress system pergamon

press New York 1975

7. Rienger M&Scott-Blair.G W,Rheology Academic press

London 1990.

8. Barry B W Advance in Pharmaceutical Sciences Academic

press London 1990.

9. Sherman P Emulsion Science Academic press London

1972.

10. Martin A Swarbrick J & Cammatra A Physical Pharmacy

3rd Ed,Lee&Febiger,Philadelphia 1983.

11. Attwood D and & Flocence A T Surfactant

System.Chapman & Hall Ltd,London 1982.

ANATOMYSESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)50 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

1. INTRODUCTION:ANATOMICALTERMINOLOGY

Definition, Cell, Tissue, Organ system

2. STRUCTURE OF CELLCell Membrane,Cytoplasm,Organcells,Nucleus,Cell cycle.

3. TISSUE OF BODYTypes of Tissues with example:

a. Epithelial tissue:General character,classification.

b. Connective tissue:structure,type(connective tissue proper

cartilage.Bones structure&typesof bones &joints).

c. Muscles:Structure of Skeletal muscles, smooth

muscles,cardiac muscles.

4. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM.

a. Skin: Structure(Epidermis,Dermis)

b. Glands of Skin(Sweet,Sebaceous)

c. Hair: Structure, Function

d. Nail.

5. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

a. Heart: structure of Heart, location of Heart andBlood supply

to the Heart.

b. Blood Vessels:Main Blood vessels araising&entering the

Heart types of Blood vessels with examples.

6. ELEMENTARY SYSTEM.

Name and structure of different parts of elementary system and

their inter relationship.

7. URINARY SYSTEM.

Name and structure of organs of Urinary system and their inter

relationship.

8. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.

Male & Female reproductive system, name, structure and

association of the organs.

9. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.

a. Pituitary gland: structure and relation to hypothalamus.

b. Thyroid gland: structure.

c. Adrenal gland: structure.

10. NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Introduction cell of Nervous system (Neuron), Accessory cells of

Nervous system & organization of Nervous system.

a.Brain__Maninges(cerebrum_cerebralLobes,Ventricals.Cerebellum

_Anatomyofcerebellum,Brainstem_MidBrain.Pons Medulla

Oblangata,Diencepalon,Thalamus, Hypothalamus & central

nerves)

b. Spinal cord_ Maninges(C.S.F.internal structure,sensory &

motor pathway,spinal reflexes,peripheral spinal

Nerves,Auttonomic Nervous system includes Sympathetic

Nervous System & Parasympathetic Nervous System).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Romanes G J Cunningham's manuual of practical

Anatomy Humphary Kalfom,Oxford University press

London 3 volume,1996.

1. Gray's Anatomy Descreptive and Applies Longman's

Green and Co, London 1996

2. J G Romanes London, Cunningham's Textbook of

Anatomy Oxford University press 1996

3. Snell R S,Clinical Anatomy,Boston,Little,Brown and

Company,1996.

4. Keith L More and TVN Persaud, Philadephia, Clinically

Oriented Human Anatomy. W B Saunders 1996.

5. B Grant A Method of Anatomy, Bailliere Tinal and Co,

Ltd, London.

6. W J Hamilton A Textbook of Anatomy Macmillan and Co

London.

1. R J Last, Anatomy, Regional and Applied, J and A

Churchill Ltd, London.

PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGYSESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

1. BLOODComposition of blood, Function of blood, fate and

functions of RBC, Blood groups: O-A-B. The Rh-h types,

Hemostasis and blood coagulation,, anemia, polycythemia,

the leukocytes: Genesis of leukocytes, life span of WBC,

properties of WBC, Reticuloendothelial system,

Eosinophils, Basophiles, lymphocytes, agranulocytosis,

leukemia.. Homeostasis and blood coagulation: Events in

homeostasis,. Mechanism of blood coagulation.

Introduction to hematology., , the red blood cells: size,

volume, thickness, stages in the development of RBC life

span,. Formation of hemoglobin, destruction of RBC.

2. CIRCULATORY SYSTEMProperties of cardiac muwcle,origin and conduction of

heart beat,ECG,Heart sounds,cardic output, stroke

volume and heart rate, nerve supply of the

heart,coronary,pulmonary,circulationnts .Blood

pressure, vasomotor system, Arterial pulse, Venous

pulse, capillary circulation, Axon reflex, triple

response,Haemorhage,circulatory changes in

exercise,copmosion and circulation of

lymph.Haemorhage and shock.

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Mechanism of

respiratory,Intrathoracic,Intrapulmonary

pressure,pulmonary ventilation.Lungs volume and

capicities,Compositon of inspired AirExpired Air and

Alvolar Air,Carrige of O2 and CO2 by the

Blood,Regulation of breathing(Nervous and Chemical

control),Respiratory changes in

excerse,Pneumonias,Emphysema,Bronchial Asthma.

4. SKINStructure,Functions of skin,Temperature regulation by

skin.

5. DIGESTIVE SYSTEMMastication, Degulation, Digestive, juices, saliva,

Gasteric juice Pancreatic juice, Bile and intestinal

juices, their compositon, function and mechanism

of secreation, Movements of the Stomach and

Intestine.Defecation, functions of Liver and gall

bladder.

6. URINARY SYSTEMUrine formation, compositon of Urine, GFR Urea

clearance, formation of concentrated and diluted

Urine.

7. PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVE AND MUSLEChemical change in Muscle on contraction. Action

potential. Of blood coagulation. Introduction to

8. NERVOUS SYSTEMSpinal reflex regulation of movement and

posture.Cerebal cortex functions.Voluntary

movements. Descending tracts of spinal cord. Basal

ganglia, Cerbellum.Autonomic Nervous

system.Thalamus.CSF.Mechanism of blood

coagulation. Introduction to

9. SPECIAL SENSEElementary knowledge of structure and functions of

the special sense.

10ENDOCRINOLOGYDefination of Hormone,Nature of different types of

Hormones and Mechanism of action of Hormones.

a. PituitaryHormones:

GrowthHormone,Prolactin,ACTH,TSH,ADH,Oxytocin,Acromeg

aly,Giantism,Panhypopiutrism.

b. Thyroid gland:

Thyroxin,Tri-iodothyronin,format and functions of

thyroid hormones,Hypertheroidism,Myxocdene.

c. Adrenal gland:

Mineralcorticoids,Glucocorticoids,Anabolic

steroids,Adrenalin,Noradrenalin,Cushing

syndrome,Addison disease.

d. Para thyroid Hormone:

e. Pancreatic Hormone:Insulin,Glucagon,Diabetes Mellitus.

f. Sex Hormones:mMale sex hormones,structure and functions,Female

sex hormones,structure and function,Male devolepment

of secondary sex

charactristics,spermatogenesis,compostion of

semen,Devlopment of seconday characters in

female,Menstrution,(ovarian

cycle),Oogenesis(Dysmanorrhea).

HISTOLOGYA.Underlying principle of histological techniques and

staining specific tissue should be explained.

B. Staining of parrafin and frozen sections will be given to

the studens.

C. Most of the teaching should be done on stained and

mounted sections and every type of normal tissued will be

covered.

PracticalMinimum Fifteen Practical as Designed by the Teacher

RECOMMENDED BOOKSPHYSIOLOGY:

1. Arthur C Guyton, M D, Textbook of Medical Physiology, W

B Saunders Company,9th Ed,1996.

2. William F Ganong Review of Medical Physiology,prentice

Hgall Intenational Inc,17th Ed,1995.

3. Chandi Charan Chatterjee, Human Physiology,Medical

allied agency,1994.

4. Samon Wright's Applied Physiology,Revised by Cyril A

Keele and Eric Neil.

5. Spence A P and Mason E B Human Anatomy and

Physiology, Beajamin/Cumming publishing Inc, California,

3rd Ed.

6. Snell R S, Clinical Anatomy for medical Students,Litle

Brown&Co Inc,USA,1992.

ANATOMY:1. Bradbury S, Hewer's Textbook of Histology, ELBS, London,

1984.2. Reference book: Tissues of the body by Legros Clerks.

Publisher Oxford at the Clarendom press, London.

3. Cormack H D, Essential Histology: color atlas ofMicroscopic Anatomy, Lee&Febijer Co, Pennsylvanias,1985.

PHARMACEUTICAL MATHEMATICS ANDSTATISTICS

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

1ST PROFESSIONAL

MATHEMATICS(40Marks)

1. ALGEBRA :i. Sets and functions: Elementary concepts of sets,

concept of functions, Domain and range of functions,

different types of functions, Graphical representation

of a function. Some applications of functions.

ii. Solution of Linear and Quadratic Equations:

Equations reducible to Quadratic form, solution of

simultaneous Equations.

iii. Arithmetic Geometric and Harmonic progressions.

Arithmetic Geometric and Harmonic means.

iv. Permutation & Combination: Simple application.

v. Binomial Theorem: Simple application.

2. TRIGONOMETRY:

Measurement of angles in radian and degrees, difinitions of

circular functions, Derivation of circular function for

simple cases.

3. ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY:

Coordinates of points for plane.distance between tow

points in plane,Locus,Equation of straight line,Equation of

parabola,Circule and Ellips.

4. DIFFERENTIAL CALCUULUS:

Concept of Derivation ,rule of differentiation,examples on

the evaluation of Derivation,Derivatives of of exponential

and Logarithmic functions,partial Derivation,Higher order

derivatives,Maxima and Minima points of Inflection.

5. INTEGRAL CALCULUS:

General term, some observation. Properties of binomial Co-

efficient simple application.

4. DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUSConcept of Integration, rules of Integration,Integration of

Algebaric and Trignomatric Functions by using different

techniques.

5. INTEGRAL CALCULUSConcept of Integration, rules of Integration,Integration of

Algebaric and Trignomatric Functions by using different

techniques.

BIOSTATISTICS (60MARKS)

1. DESCRIPTION OF STATISTICS:Descriptive statistics,what is statistics?Importance of

Biostatistics.what is Biostatistics? Application of statistics

in Biological and pharmaceutical sciences. How samples

are selected?

2. ORGANIZING AND DISPLAYING DATA:Variables, Quantitative and qualitative variables,Univariate

data,Bivariate data,Random variables,Freguancy

table,Diagrams,Pictograms,Simple Bar Charts,Multiple Bar

charts,Histogram.

3. SUNNARIZING DATA AND VARIATION:The Mean, the Median, the Mode, the Mean deviation, the

variance and standard deviation, Coefficient of Variation.4. CURVE FITTING:

Fitting a straight line.Fitting of parabolic or higher degree

Curve.

5. PROBABILITY:Definitions, probability rules, probability distributions

(Binomial Normal Distribution).

6. SIMPLE REGRESSION AND CORRELATION:Introduction, simple Linear Regression Model. Correlation

co-efficient.

7. TEST OF HYPOTHESIS:Statistical Hypothesis, Level of significance. Test of

significance. Confidence Intervals, Test involving Binomial

and normal distribution.

8. STUDENT "t","f-" AND CHI-SUAREDISTRIBUTION:Test of significance based on"t","f" and Chi-Square

Distribution.

9. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE:One way classification,two way classification,partitioning of

some squares and degrees of freedom,multiple compression

Tests such as LSD,the analysis of variance models.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. C H Edwards. Jr and David E Penny,Calculus and Analytic

Geometry,Prentice-Hall,Inc,A division of Sinon & Schustor

Eglwwood Gliffs, New Jersey 07632,Usa.1995.

2. Daniel W W Biostatistics,Fundation for analysis in Health

Science 3rd Ed.1983.

3. Zar J H,Biostatical analysis,Francis HJ,NJ,USA.

4. Nilton,J S and Tsokos, J D, Statistical Methods in Bilological

and Health Science,McGrew-Hill,1983.

5. Chudary S A Kamal S ,Introduction to Statistical Theory,part-

I and part-II,Iimi Kitab Khana Urdu Bazar,Lahore,1996.

6. Samules M Statistics for the life Science,Dellen Pub Co

SF,USA,1991.

7. Walpole R E,Introduction to statistics,Macmillam Pub

Co,NY,1982.

8. Ahmed B and Khan M, Mathematics for Pharmacists, Arslan

Paper Mart,Multan,1993.

SECOND PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-II (Pharm. Preparations) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmaceutical Microbiology 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmacology & Therapeutics –I 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmacognosy-I 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pak. Studies and Islamiat/Ethics 40+60 100

TOTAL 900

_______________________

DEANFaculty ofPharmacy

PHARMACEUTICS –II(PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION)

SESSION (2004-2009)DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)

100 Marks2ND PROFESSIONAL

1. INTRODUCTION:Dosage form,Ingredients.

2. PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATIONS:Some fundamentals of Measurement and calculations,The

Metric system, The common

systems,Conversions,Calculation of doses, Reducing and

Enlarging Formulas,Density,Specific Gravity & specific

volume, Weight and volumes of liquids, percentage

preparations, Isotonic solutions,HBL values Dosage

forms,Ingeredients.

3. GALENICAL PREPARATIONS:Infusions, Decoctions,Extracts,Fluid Extracts,Tinctures,Aromatic

Water

4. EXTRACTION PROCESSES:Maceration, Purpose and process, Percolation purpose and

process, liquid extraction, Large Liquid extraction, Solvents

used in pharmaceutical preparations.

5. ORAL SOLUTIONS, SYRUPS, ELIXIRS & SPIRITS:Solution and their preparation, dry mixtures for solution,

oral rehydrate solution, oral colonic leverage solution

syrup. (Components and preparation of syrups, elixirs.

preparation of elixirs, medicated and non-medicated

elixirs).

6. ORAL SUSPENSIONS, EMULSIONS, MAGMAS &GELS:

SUSPENSIONFormation of suspension Physical properties of dispersed

Particles, formulation of suspension, Official suspension.

EMULSIONEmulsion types, theories of emulsification, formation of

emulsion, preservation of emulsion, emulsifying Agents,

Selection of Emulsifying Agents, HLB system stability of

emulsion, Rheology of Emulsions, Special Emulsion

system.

MAGMAS & GELSPreparations, examples and Importance.

7. TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS:Ointments, Creams, Pastes, Plasters, Lotions, Liniments,

Topical gels, Topical tinctures collodions topical solutions,

Topical powders, percutaneous absorption, Transdermal

systems in use.

8. OPHTHALMIC, NASAL AND OTIC PREPARATIONS:Ophthalmic solutions, suspensions, ointments inserts,

Contact lens solutions, Nasal decongestant solutions,

decongestant inhalers.

Ear preparation: Anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and

analgesic, preparation.

9. INTRODUCTION TO PARENTERALS:Official types of injection solvents and vehicles for

injection, added substances.

10. SUPPOSITORIES AND VAGINAL PASSERIES:Semisolides preparation Suppository bases, preparation

packing and storage,Solution/Enemas.

11. AEROSOLS INHALATIONS AND SPRAYS:Aerosol: Principle, systems, packaging, container value

assembly, filling, testing,Propellents packaging, labeling

and storage.

12. POWDERS, CAPSULES, TABLETS, DOSAGEFORMS:Preparation of powder, mixing of powders, uses and

packaging of powders, granules, effervescent, granulated

salts.

Hard gelatin capsules, sizes, preparation of filling

materials for hard gelatin capsules, sizes, soft gelatin

capsules, preparation and its application.

Tablets: Types, characteristics tablets components,

dilvats, binders and adhesines disintegrants, lubricants,

colors, flavors and sweeteners, methods of preparation.

13. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ORAL HYIEGENPRODUCTS:Definitions,Mouth Washes,Tooth Powder

14. SOLVENTS USED IN PHARMACEUTICALPREPARATIONS:

PRACTICAL

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to

time on the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics

and availabilty of the facilities e.g. Preparation of simple

syrup, orange syrup, Ferrous sulphate syrup, Cod liver oil

emulsion, liquid paraffin emulsion, Methyl Salicylate

ointment, sulpher ointment, calamine lotion, Iodine

tincture, Throat paint (Mandle’s paint) Broglycerine,

turpentine liniment, tannic acid glycerin, Spirit ammonia

aromatic, Spirit of Ethyl nitrite, Poultice of Kaolin,

Effervescent granules, Distilled water for injection.

(A minimum of twenty practical will be conducted).

TEXT BOOKS

1. Michel E Aulton,Pharmaceutics,ELBS/Churchill

Livingstone,London,1998.

2. Bentley’s Book of Pharmaceutics,CBS Publishers &

Distributors,New Delhi,1986.

3. Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage FormDesign 2nd Ed.

HowCourt publisher,2002.

4. E A Rawlins Bredley's Text Book of Pharmaceutics,edited

by 8th (or recent Ed.)1977.Macmillam publishing Co

Inc,New York.

5. Sprowl's(Dittert L W;Ed.) American Pharmacy,7th Ed. J B

Lippincott Co 1990.

PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS-I

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

2ND PROFESSIONAL

A. GENERAL INTRODUCTION1. INTRODUCTION:

History,Pharmacology and its classification,Drug

and their sources.

2. ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION:Advantages and disadvantages of Enteral

routes,advantages and disadvantages of Parenteral

routes and advantages and disadvantages of Topical

routes.

3. PHARMACOKINETICS:Drug solubility and passage of drug across the body

membranes,plasma concentration of drug and

various factors affecting it(Absorption and factors

influencing the rate of absorption(GIT and other

routes)of drug,the Distribution and factors factors

influencing the rate of distribution of

drug,Biotransformation and and factors factors

influencing the rate of Biotransformation of

drugs,Excretion,channels of excretion and The and

factors f influencing the rate of Excretion of drugs,

Definition of(Bioavailability &

Bioequivalence,Therapeutic index,Plasma Half

life(t1/2),Dose Response Curve,Area under

thecurve(AUC),Volume of Distribution.

4. PHARMACODYNAMICS:Drug reseptors and theories,Mechanisms of drug

action,specificity of drug action and factorsmodefying yhe action and dosage of drugs.

B. DRUGS ACING ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Organization of ANS it is subdivisions and

innervations.

2. Neurotransmitters in ANS,their synthesis,release

and fate.

3. Sympathetic antagonist drugs: Adrenergics Nerve

Blockers,Arenoceptor antagonists(Alpha

adrenergic blockers and Beta adrenergic

blockers).

4. Sympathetic agonist drugs Catecholamines and

Non-catecholamines.

5. ParaSympathetic(Cholinergic)agonist and

antichlinestrase inhibitors.

6. ParaSympathetic antagonists.7. Drugs acting in Gangilia (Gangilian stimulants and

Gangilion blockers).

8. Neuromuscular blocking drugs.

C. DRUGS ACTING ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT:1. Antacids:

i. Systemic antacids: Sodium

bicarbonate, sodium citrate.

ii. Non-systemic antacids: Aluminum hydroxide,

magnesium trisilicate, calcium carbonate.

iii. Drug used for treatment of peptic ulcer:

Cimetidine, ranitidine.

2. Purgatives and LaxativesAnthraquinone droup, castor oil, magnesium salts,

sodium tartrate, bulk laxatives, emollient laxatives,

liquid paraffin.

3. Emetics and AntiemetiesApomorphine, sodium chloride, metchlopramide,

antihistamines: chlorpromazine, promazine,

promethazine, cyclizine, cinnarizine.

4. Anti-DiarrhoeaialsKoalin and pectin, diphenoxylate, loperamide,

attapulgite.

D. DRUGS ACTIG ON CARDIO-VESCULAR SYSTEM:1. Angina pectorus and it is drug treatment.

2. Congestive Heart Failure and it is tretment.

3. Anti-arrhythmic drugs.

4. Agents used in Hyperlipideima.

5. Coagulants and Anti-coagulants.

6. Antihypertensive.

7. Diuretics.

E. DRUGS ACTING ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM1. Drug used forCough:

Antitussive,Expectorant and Mycolytic agents

2. Drug treatment of Bronchial Asthma:(Brochodlators,Cromoglcate,Nedocromil,Cortecosteroids and other

Anti-inflommatory drugs and Muscarinic reseptor antagonists.

F. AUTACOIDS AND THEIR AGONISTS:Histamine and Anti-histamine,Serotenin and Seroyenin Antagonists and

other Autacoids.

G. ANTI-ANREMIC DRUGS:

NOTE1. Only an introduction will be given of the banned and

obsolete drug products.

2. While dealing with Pharmacology stress should be

laid to the group action of related drugs and only

important differences should be discused of the

individual drugs placed in same group.

3. Newly introduced drugs sholud be included in the

Syllabus while drugs with no clinical and therapeutic

values ought to be excluded from Syallbus at any

time.

4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest

edition of the recommended books.

PracticalNOTE :

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and

availabilty of the facilities e.g.Preparation of standard

solution,Ringer solution, Tyrode solution,Kreb

solution,Normal saline solution, To demonstrate the effects

of sympatholytic drugs (Propranolol)on Frog's heart,To

demonstrate the effects of Parasympatholytic(Atropin)and

Parasympathomimetic (Acetylcholine) drugs on Frog's

heart,To demonstrate the effect of unknown drugs on Frog's

heart,Route of drug administartion, To demonstarte the

effects of vasoconistrictor drugs on Frog's blood vessels.To

demonstrate the effects of stimulant drugs on Rabbit's

intestine.(Acetylcholine, Barium chloride)To demonstrate

the effects of depressent drugs on Rabbit's

intestine(Atropine),To deffrentiate the effects of unknown

drug on Rabbit's intestine and identify

the(unknown)drug.To study the effects of Adrenaline on

Rabbit' eyes,To study the effects of Homatropine on Rabbit'

s eyes. To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Rabbit' s eyes.

To study the effects of Local Anethetic drugs(Cocain) on

Rabbit' s eyes.To identify the unknown drug & differentiate

its effects on Rabbit' eyes.

NOTEMinimum Tewnty Practicals will be conducted.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Goodman Gillman Pharmacological basis of

Therapeutics.McGraw-Hill Book company,New York,1996.

2. Wingurd and Brody,Human Pharmacology,Mosby Year

book,Boston,1991.

3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis,A Text book of Clinical

Pharmacology,Oxford University Press,New York,1995.

4. R S Statorkar and S D Bhandarak, Pharmacology and

Therapeutics popular Parkashan,Bomby,1993.

5. J D Tripathy Essential of Medical Pharmacology,Japees

Brother,New Delhi,4th Ed.2000.

6. D R Laurance,Clinical Pharmacology,ELBS,London,6th

Ed.1987.

7. Katzung B G Basic and clinical Pharmacology,McGraw-Hill

Medical publishers,NewYork,8th Ed.2001.

8. Lippincott,Pharmacology,Lippincott William &

Willkin,USA,2001.

9.Manuchair Edabi,Pharmacology,Little

Brown&company,London,1993.

10. Prof.Dr A Qayum,Fundamentals of Expermental

Pharmacolog.11. Bertram G K,Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,paramount

publishing Business&Professional Group,USA,6th Ed.,1995.

12. William F Ganong, W F,Review of Medical

Physiology,prentice Hall International Inc,New Jersey.

13. Qayum A Fundamentals of Expermental

Pharmacolog.Ghandhara University,Peshawar,2004.

PHARMACOGNOSY-I

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

2nd PROFESSIONAL

THEORY

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION:History and Historical development, scope and

Terminology used in Pharmacognosy.Microscopic structure

of plant cell and its function, Brief Account of Tissue and

Tissue System and Anatomy as detailed below:-

i. Brief description of leaf, bark, wood, fruit, seeds,

roots and rhizomes.

ii. Anatomy of leaf, bark, wood, root and

rhizomes.Evaluation of Crude Drugs.Detailed

discussion on Cultivation, Collection, Drying and

storage of Crude Drugs.

ii. Production and Commerce of Crude Drugs.

2. General introduction of various methods of classification of

crude drugs like Alphabetical, Texonomical, Morphological,

Chemical and Therapeutical.

3. Plant Growth Regulators:

Definition and General Description of the plant growth

regulators, Details of the following Growth Hormones.

AUXINS, GIBBERRELLINS AND CYTOKININS

7. The study of the:-

iii. Allergens and Allergenic preparation.

iv. Testing Methods for Irritancy allergy.

v. Types of Allergens such as Inhalant, Ingestant,

Injectant, Contactant, Infectant and Infestant

Allergens.

8. Enzymes

vi. Introduction Classification and General Properties of

Enzymes.

vii. Enzymes obtained from plant sources.

Papin and Bromelain or Bromeline.

viii. Enzymes obtained from Animal Sources.

Pepsin and Rennin.

9. Poisonous Plant.

General Introduction, source and toxic manifestation of

poisonous plants with special reference to Pakistan.

1. Gastro Enteric Irritants:-

Podophylium, Solanum and Colchicum.

2. Cardiovascular Disturbance producing plans:

Digitalis and Aconitum.

3. Plants producing Nicotine Like action:

Nicotiana and Lobelia.

4. Atropine Containing Plants.

Atropa, Datura and Hyoscyamus.

5. Plants Acting on CNS

Cannabis.

6. Cyanogenetic Plants:

Prunus amygdolis, Manihot utilissima.

10. Drugs of Animal Origin:

General Introduction and discussion with special reference

to:-

Honey Gelatin, Cod Liver oil, Cantharides, cochineal and

spermacetes.

11. Pesticides:

Definition, types of pests requiring control, methods of

control of pests and chemicals used in pest control.

12. Fibers and Surgical Dressings:

Definition and general description, preparation, structure,

Diagnostic characters, Tests, Constituents and uses of the

following fibers.

Cotton, Rayon, Wool, Absorbent cotton etc.

PRACTICALS

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of above mentioned theoratical topics and availability

of the facilities,e.g.Introduction of the entire and broken parts of

the plant drug(Macro and Organoleptic characters).Microscopic

examination of powders and sections of plant drugs.

(Note: Aminimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

A study tour will be an inegral part of the syllabus and will be

arranged at the end of the session for collection of medicinal

plants from Northten Areas of the country.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. V E Tyler, L R Brady and G E Robbers,Pharmacognosy

9th ED. Lea and Febiger, Philadelpia 1988.

2. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharamcognosy,W B

Sanunders Philadelphia,Toronto 2002

3. K Usmanghani Topics inPharmacognosy,University

Grants Commission Monograph Series, Islamabad

pp74,1985

4. T E Wellis, Text bok of Pharmacognosy CBS publishers

and distributors New Delhi 1986.

5. Varro E Tayllor Pharmacognosy Lee Febiger Philadelpia

9th Ed.

6. Muhammad Ali Introduction to Pharmacognosy CBS

publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986.

7. K Usmanghani Chemical Pharmacognosy University

Grants Commission , Islamabad ,1985

8. Younking H W, Text book of Pharmacognosy the

Blakistone Co Toronto 6th Ed,1984.

PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)MARKS: 100

2ND PROFESSIONAL

1. GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY:

Historical introduction, Scope of Microbiology with special

reference to pharmaceutical sciences, Nomenclature and

classification of Micro-Organisms.

2. ORGANISM:THE BACTERIA: General and Cellular Morphology,structure

and function,classification of bacteria,Growth curve,growth

factors and growth characteristics,Nutrition requirements and

Nutrition factors affecting growth, Culture Media,Bacterial

culture and staining methods.

THE VIRUSES: Introduction,Classification(and detail of at least

one species from every group),Cultivation and Replication.

3. THE FUNGAL/YEAST/MOLDS4. THE NORMAL FLORAMicrobiology of Air,Water and Soil(general introduction and

normal of Air,Water and Soil.

5. THE PROTOZOA6. INDUSTERIAL MICROBIOLOGYIntroduction to sterilization/Disinfection. fermentation

,pharmaceutical products produced by fermentation process

(Pencillins,Cephalosporins,

Gentamycin,Erythromycin,Tetracyclines,Rifampicin,Griseofulvin).

7. IMMUNOLOGYIntroduction,types of immunity,Specific and non-Specific(cellular

basis of immune

response.immunity,autoimmunity,tolerance,Antigen,Antibodies),

Antigen-Antibody reaction and their clinical and diagnostic

applications,Hypersensitivity and Allergy.Drug Allergy

mechanism,Vaccination.Introduction and aims,type of

Vaccines,Current Vaccine practices.

8. FACTORY AND HOSPITAL HYGIENE AND GOODMANUFACTURRING PRACTICE(GMP)Introduction, control of Microbial Contamination during

Manufacture,Manufacture of sterile products, A Guide to

current Good Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Practices.

PRACTICALS:NOTE:

The practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time

on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities. e.g: Sterilization of Glassware and

pharmaceutical products by various methods,Microbiological

assay of Antibiotics and Vitamins, Preparation of general and

selective media and micro-organisms,Total and viable counts of

micro-organisms,Morphological and selective biochemical

characterization of some specimen,Staining of bacteria,gram

method,acid fast,Gimasas staining,Casule staining,Flagella

staining and Spore staining,Microbiological analysis of air,water

and soil.

NOTE: (A minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Jawetiz ,Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 5th Ed

Churchill Livingstone, London 1998.

2. W B Hugo and A D Russel Pharmaceutical Microbiology,

Black Well Science Ltd London 6th Ed. 1998.

3. Lippicott, Microbiology by Lippincott, William and Willkin,

USA 2001.

4. Alcamo, Introduction to Microbiology John Bartlett

publishers 6th Ed 2003.

5. Collin and Lynes Microbiological Methods Vutterwoth

Heineman,Oxford 1995.

6. M Mekallee Microbiology Essential and Application,

McGraw-Hill Inc 2nd Ed.

7. Singletone and Sainbury Dictionary of Microbiology and

Molecular Biology, John Willey and sons,New York 2000.

8. Pelczar Microbiology, McGraw-Hill Inc 1996.

9. Prescott, Harley Microbiology 2nd Ed, Klein Wm ,C Brown

publishers 2001.

PAKISTAN STUDIES AND ISLAMICSTUDIES

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)MARKS 100

2ND PROFESSIONAL

PAKISTAN STUDIES MARKS 40

1. IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTANa) The purpose for the creation of Pakistan.

b) Ideology of Pakistan

i) Its meaning and scope.

ii) Ideology of Pakistan in the light of the sayings of Allama

Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam.

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF PAKISTANIDEOLOGY

c) Reformation and Educational Movements.

i) Islamic Reformation Movements, Sheikh Ahmad

Sarhindi and Waliullah and their successors

ii) Educational Movements (Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwa,

Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam, Sind, Madrassa and the

Islamia College, Peshawar.

d) Educational Struggle

i) Constitutional Reforms and Muslims separate Electrode

ii) Khilafat Movements.

3. PAKISTAN MOVEMENTSi) Muslim Nationalism and the Evolution of the two nations

Theory.

j) The Indian independence and the Muslims.

k) Allahabad address of Allama Iqbal (1930)

l) General Elections of 1937 and the attitude of Congress

Government towards the Muslims.

m) Pakistan Resolution, 1940.

n) General Elections of 1916 and the transfer of power.

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF PAKISTANEarly problems and significant events.

5. EFFORTS TO INTRODUCE ISLAMIC SYSTEM INPAKISTAN

i. The objective resolution.

ii. Islamic provisions in the constitutions of 1956, 1962 and

1973.

iii. Initial steps for the introduction of sariah.

iv. Our Destination: Introduction of complete Islamic system.

6. LAND OF PAKISTAN

i. Geography: Locations and Geographic importance,

Rural and Urban Areas.

ii. Natural Resources.

iii. Agriculture.

iv. Industry

v. Manpower (Education)

7. PAKISTAN AND THE MUSLIM WORLD

i. Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC)

ii. Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)

ISLAMIC STUDIES (One Separate Sheet)

Marks 60

THIRD PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-III (Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmacognosy-II 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II (Insrumentation) 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmacology & Therapeutics-II 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pathology 50 50 100

TOTAL 900

_______________________

DEANFaculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II(ANALYTICAL &INSTRUMENTATION)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

3RD PROFESSIONAL

1. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF ELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION

2. UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPYIntroduction, Absorption Law, Theory of Electronic

spectroscopy, type of electronic transition, the

chromophoric concept, Auxochroms, absorption and

intensity shift, solvent effects, instrumentation,

application.

3. INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY

Introduction Basic principles, type of st-retching and

bending vibration, vibrational frequency, Instrumentation,

sampling techniques, applications, Factors which influence

the vibrational frequencies.

4. NUCLEAS MAGNETIC RESONENCE (NMR )

Introduction, Basic principles, chemical shift, spin-spin

ionpling, instrumentation, applications.

5. MASS SPECTROSCOPY

Basic principle, theory, instrumentation, Isotopes

abundance, Metastable ion & peaks, Fragmentation

process, application.

6. FLORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY

Theory, Instrumentation, analytical applications.

7. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY8. GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY9. ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY10. ELECTROPHORESIS11. POTENTIOMETRY

Introduction, potentiometric titration with reference to

acids-bases, precipitation, complexometric and oxidation

reduction titration.

PRACTICAL

Practical of the subject sahll be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of Chemicals and Apparatus. E.g: Determination

of the purity and composition of unknown drugs by using at

least each of the above techniques.

(NOTE: Minimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Lough W J, High Performance Liquid

Chromatography(HPLC) ,Blacki Academic press New York

1996.

2. William Kemp,Organic spectroscopy,Ellsi Horwood,London

1990.

3. M Aminuddin and Javed Iqbal Theory and Practice of

Chromatography,University Grants Commission,Islamabad

Pakistan 2000.

4. A H Beckeet and J B Stennlake Practical pharmaceutical

chemistry Part I and Part II. The Aulton press London.

5. A M Knvel and F D Digani, Jenkins's Quanititative

Pharmaceutical Chemistry.Mc Graw-Hall book company,

New York.

6. A Birathwaite and F J Smith Chromatographic

Method,Chapman and Hall, London.

7. E Heftmann, Chromatography,Von Nostrond Reinheld Co,

New York 1975.

8. A Pryed and M J Gilbert Applications of High Liquid

Performance Chromatography Chapman and Hall London

1979.

9. E Stahl,Thin Layer Chromatography, Springer-Verlage,

Berlin 1969.

10. R Hamilton Introduction to HPLC, P A Sewell,Chapman

and Hall, London 1982.

PATHOLOGYSESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)50 Marks

3rd PROFESSIONAL

1. SCOPE OF PATHOLOGY AND CONCEPT OF DISEASES:2. DEFFINTIONS AND TERMINOLOGY:

Ischemia,Hypoxia,Necrosis,Infraction,Atrophy,Hypertrophy,

Hyperplasia,Metaplasia,Aplasia,Anaplasia.

3. RESPONSE OF BODY TO INJURY AND INFECTIONS:Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Immunity,

Allergy, Hypersensitivity.

4. SPECIFIC:Ulcer (Peptic and Duodenal), Hypertension, Leukemia or

Blood cancer (Malignant Carcinoma, Sarcoma and

Lymphoma),Diagnosis and treatment of Cancer in general,

fate, survival and prognosis with tumor.

PRACTICALS

Study of pathological slides of various pathological conditions:

Acute Inflammation, Chronic Inflammation, Chronic specific

Inflammation, different types of Degeneration, Thrombosis,

Embolism, Infraction, Necrosis, Gangren,Hyperplasia, Metaplasia,

pigmentation, Calcification, CVC, Papilloma, Adenoma, Chondroma,

Fibroma, Leomyoma, Neofibroma, Sq. Adenocarcinoma,

Fibrocarcinoma, Rhadomyosarcoma, Leomyosarcoma,

Lymphosarcoma,Liposarcoma, Reticular cell Sarcoma, Hodgkings

disease, Breast Carcinoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Osteocalstoma.

Examination of different body fluids in various pathologicalconditions:Urine complete Examination, Stool Examination, Blood complete

Examination, Semen Examination, Cerebrospinal fluid Examination

(CSF),Pericardial fluid Examination, Pleural fluid Examination, Ascetic

fluid Examination, Blood Sugar, Blood Urea, Blood Cholesterol etc.

Test for various specimens of clinical Importance:Technique of clinical Blood examination for various diseases, Gastric

analysis, Test for Liver function, Renal Function test, test for

Endocrine abnormalities, Biopsis and cytologic techniques.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:1. Kumar Cotran Robins, Basic Pathology 6th Ed. W B Saunders

Company, Philadelpia 1992.

2. Walters and Israel, General Pathology, Churchill Livingstone,

London 1998.

3. Peter S Macfarlane, Robin Reid, Robin Collander Pathology

Illustrated, Chuchill, Livingstone London 1998.

4. Robbins Pathology W B Saunders Co London 2nd Ed. 1962.

5. Walter G B General Pathology, Chuchill Living stone New York

1996.

PHARMACEUTICS – III

(DISPENSING & COMMUNITY PHARMACY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)MARKS 100

3RD PROFESSIONAL

A. DISPENSING (40 MARKS)1. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF COMPOUNDING AND

DISPENSING INCLUDING:Weight and measures, calculation for compounding and

dispensing, Fundamental operation in compounding,

Containers and closure for dispensed products,

Prescription-Handling(parts of prescription, filling,

interpretation pricing) and labeling of dispensed

Medication.

2. EXTEMPORANEOUS DISPENSING OF:Solutions, Emulsions, Ointments, Creams, Pastes and Gels,

Suppositories and pessaries, powders and granules and oral unit

dosage forms.

3. PHARMACEUTICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES:Definition, Physical, chemical and therapeutics

incompatibilities in prescription such as due to

insolubility order of mixing, change in solvent

system, oxidation – reduction, acid-base reaction,

hydrolysis, combination reaction, Manifestations,

correction and prevention with reference to typical

examples.

4. INTRODUCTION OF CLASSICAL DOSAGE FORMS

Definitions, Classification, advantages, disadvantages

and preparations, lozenges, magmas, pastille, throat

paint, inhalation, glycerite.

5. RADIO PHARMACY TECHNIQUES ANDAPPLICATIONS

6. I.V ADMIXTURERES

B. COMMUNITY PHARMACY (60 MARKS)

1. DEFINITIONS AND BACKGROUND:2. PUBLIC HEALTH AND COMMUNITY

PHARMACY:Epidemeology and it is control, preventive health(EPI

& CDC), Family Planning and health policy and

national drug policy.

3. PATIENT ASSESSMENT:4. MEDICAL COMPLICATION OF DRUG

THERAPY:General and socio-economic aspects.

5. PATIENT PHARMACIST COMMUNICATION:6. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSLLING:7. CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE AND MISUSE:8. ROLE OF PHARMACIST AS:

A Public health Educator in the community of drug

monitoring and drug information.

PracticalPractical of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities. E.g. Practical introduction to

prescription labeling, handling, interpretation and filling.

Mixtures: Dispensing of simple mixture containing soluble

substances only, mixtures containing diffusible substances in

diffusible substances and mixture forming precipitate.

Powders: Dispensing of simple powders, compound powders and

effervescent powders for external use.

Incompatibility: Practical importance of incompatibilities.

Ointments and Creams: Dispensing of Iodine and Methyl

Salicylate ointment, dispensing of cold and vanishing creams.

Cosmetics: Lipstick, Talcum powder, after shave lotions,

shaving creams.

(NOTE: A minimum of 20 Practical will be conducted).

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Cooper and Guns Dispensing CBS Publishers and

distributors New Delhi 1986.

2. Hussa’s Dispensing.

3. Roy Robertson, Management of Drug Users in the

Community: A Practical Hand Book.

4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack publishing

company USA 2001.

5. Martindale’s Extra Pharmacopeia.

PHARMACOGNOSY-IISESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)Marks 100

3rd PROFESSIONAL

1. Extraction Methods, separation, fractionation and isolation

techniques of bioactive plant constituents such as:

i. Column adsorption chromatography

ii. Thin layer and thick layer chromatography.

iii. Paper chromatography

iv. Column partition chromatography

2. Sources, Geographical distribution, collection constituents,

Adulteration and pharmaceutical application of the

following classes/groups of Naturally Occurring Drugs.

1. ALKALOIDSGeneral description of alkaloids, classification of alkaloids

detail study of the following classes of alkaloids.

i. Pyridine alkaloids Tobacco

ii. Tropane alkaloids Hyoscyamus, Datura and

Belladonna

iii. Imidazol alkaloids Pilocarpus

iv. quinoline alkaloids Cinchona

v. Isoquinoline alkaloids Opium Ipecac curare

vi. Indole alkaloids Erqot Rauwolfia, Nux-vomica

vii. steroidal alkaloids veratum

viii. Diterpene alkaloids Aconite

ix. Phenethylamine group Ephedra colchicum

(Alkaloidal amines)

x. Purine basis Coffee

2. GLYCOSIDESGeneral description classification of glycosides detail study

of the following Glycosidal plants.

i. Cardio active (Steroidal) Digitalis

strophanthus

ii. Anthraquinone glycosides Senna, aloe,

Rhubarb

iii. Saponins Glycosides Glycyrrhiza

iv. Cyanophore glycosides wild cherry

3. TANNINSGeneral description of the Tannins with detail study of the

following drug plants.

Gambir, Nutgall and hamamalis

4. VOLATILE OILSIntroduction Significance methods of obtaining Volatile oils

classification and uses of the following plant products.

a. Hydrocarbon Volatile oil: turpentine oil,

b. Alcoholic Volatile oils: Peppermint, coriander and

cardamom

c. Aldehydic volatile oils: Cinnamon, Bitter almond oil

d. Ketonic Volatile oil: Camphor spearmint

e. Phenolic Volatile oil: Clove Fennel

f. Oxide volatile oil: Eucalyptus

g. Ester volatile oil: Rosemary

5. Resins and resin combinationsa. Glycoresins: Podophyllum, colocynth, jalap,

Ipomoea.

b. Oleoresins: Turpentine, ginger

c. Oleogumresins: Asafoetida

d. Balsams: Storax Tolubalsm, Benzoin

6. Fixed Oils ,Castor oil, shark liver oil, linseed oil, olive oil,bees wax.7. Study of antitumor agents from natural sources.

8. Study of herbal drugs used in traditional practice inPakistan unani and Aurevadic system of medicine.

PRACTICAL

NOTE: Practicals shall be designed from time to time on the

basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics and

availability of the facilities, E.g: Extaction of the active

constituents of the crude drugs and chemical tests for

their identification , Isolation and separation of the

active constituents of the crude drugs by paper and

thin layer Chromatography.

(NOTE: Aminimum of 20 practicals will be conducted).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1. Varo E Tyler, L.R. Brady and Roberts Pharmacognosy 9th

Ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia 1988.

2. G E Trease and W C Evans, Pharmacognosy, W B

Saunders Philadelphia, Toront 2002.

3. K Usmanghani Topics in Pharmacognosy, University

Grants Commission Monograph series, Islamabad pp

74., 1985.

4. T E Wi\ellis text book of Pharmacognosy, CBS

Publishers and distributors New Delhi 1986.

5. Mohammed Ali Introduction to Pharmacognosy, CBS

Publishers ans Distributors New Delhi 1986.

6. K Usmanghani Chemical Pharmacognosy University

Grants Commission Islamabad 1986.

7. Younking H W, Text Book of Pharmacognosy the

Blakiston Co, Toronbto 6th 1948.

PHARMACOLOGY –II(CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)

Marks 100

3rd PROFESSIONAL

1. DRUGS ACTING ON CNS:A. CNS Depressants: Sedatives & Hypnotics and

Analgesics(narcotic analgesics and opiod antagonists,

analgesics Antipyretics and Anti-Inflammatory

Drugs(NSAIDs) including Disease modifying anti-rheumatic

drugs and Drugs treatment of Gout).

b. CNS Stimulants: Cerebral stimulants, Modularly

stimulants, Spinal Cord stimulants, antidepressants,

psycohtomimetics or Hallucinogenic, Psychotherapeutics

agents (Anxilytics and ati-psychotics0, Drug treatment of

Epilepsy and drug treatment of Parkinsoism and other

movements disorders.

2. ANAESTHETICS:i. Anesthesia and its clinical importance.

ii. General Anesthesia ,Mechanism of action and its

application.

iii. Geeneral Aneshesia.

iv. Local Anesthesia.

v. Spinal Anesthesia and drugs used.

vi. Techniques of Local Anesthesia.

3. CHEMOTHERAPY:i. Classification of Drugs.

ii. Anti-Microbial: Sulphonamides, Anti-Virals, Anti-

protozoals (treatment of Malaria ane Ameboiasis) Anti

Fungals, Antheilimintics, Antineoplastic and

Immuinosupressent drugs,Drugs treatment of

Leprosy and Anti-Biotics(Pencillins, Cephalosporins,

Aminoglycosides,Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol,

Macrolides, Quinolones and Miscellaneouss

antibiotics)

iii. Anti-hypertensive drugs.

iv. Steriods and antisteroid drugs.

4. HORMONES,ANTAGONISTS AND OTHER AGENTSAFFECTING ENDOCRINE FUNCTIOS:i. Endocrine functions and dysfunctions

ii. Drugs used in the therapy of Diabetis

Mellitus:Insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents.

iii. Corticosteroids.

iv. Thyroid Hormones and anti-thyroid drugs.

5. TOXICOLOGY:i. Pollution and its types(Water, Air and Food).

ii. Poison and principle for treatment of poisoning.

iii. Poisoning (sign & symptoms and treatment): Ethanol,

Barbiturates, Digitalis, Salicylates, Strychnin,

narcotics, Nicotine, Paracetamol, Benzodiazebines

and Organophosphours compounds.

iv. Chelating agents and their role in poisoning:

Dimercaprol, Calcium disodium edentate,

Pencillinamine and Defroxamine

NOTE:

1.Only introduction will be given of the banned and

obsolete drug products.

2. While dealing with pharmacology strees should be

laid to the group actions related drug and only

important differences should be discussed of the

individual drug placed in same group.

3. Newly introduced drugs should be included in the

syallbus while drugs with no clinical therapeutic

values ought to be excluded from syllabus at any

time.

4. The prototype drugs in each group from the latest

edition of recommended books.

Practical

NOTE: Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to

time on the basis of the abobve nentioned theoretical topics and

the availability of the facilities. E.g: To study convalusant effects

of strychnine and picrotoxin in fogs and determine the site of

action, To identify the unknown(convalusant) drug and

determine its site of action, To study the effects of Adrenalin on

Human Eyes, To study the effects of Pilocarpine on Human Eyes,

To study the effects of Homatotropine on Human Eyes. To

identify and obseve the effects of unknown drugs on Human

Eyes, To study the effects of local Anesthetics drugs on Human

and the nerve Plexus of Frogs, To identify and differentiates the

effects of unknown drugs on Human and the nerve Plexus of

frogs, abdominas muscle of frog and competitive

pharmacological antagonism by neuromuscular blocking agents

e.g Gllamin. To identify the unknown drugs by performing

pharmacological competitive antagonism on Rectus abdominas

muscles of frogs, To study the anticoagulant drugs using

Rabbits, To Demonstrate the graded Dose-Response curves.

(NOTE: Aminimum of 20 practicals should be conducted).

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Goodman Gillman Pharmacological basis of

Therapeutics.McGraw-Hill Book company,New York,1996.

2. Wingurd and Brody,Human Pharmacology,Mosby Year

book,Boston,1991.

3. James M Ritter and Lionel De Levis,A Text book of Clinical

Pharmacology,Oxford University Press,New York,1995.

4. R S Statorkar and S D Bhandarak, Pharmacology and

Therapeutics popular Parkashan,Bomby,1993.

5. J D Tripathy Essential of Medical Pharmacology,Japees

Brother,New Delhi,4th Ed.2000.

6. D R Laurance,Clinical Pharmacology,ELBS,London,6th

Ed.1987.

7. Katzung B G Basic and clinical Pharmacology,McGraw-Hill

Medical publishers,NewYork,8th Ed.2001.

8. Lippincott,Pharmacology,Lippincott William &

Willkin,USA,2001.

9.Manuchair Edabi,Pharmacology,Little

Brown&company,London,1993.

10. Prof.Dr A Qayum,Fundamentals of Expermental

Pharmacolog.11. Bertram G K,Basic and Clinical Pharmacology,paramount

publishing Business&Professional Group,USA,6th Ed.,1995.

12. William F Ganong, W F,Review of Medical

Physiology,prentice Hall International Inc,New Jersey.

13. Qayum A Fundamentals of Expermental

Pharmacolog.Ghandhara University,Peshawar,2004.

FOURTH PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutics-IV (HospitalPharmacy) 100 - 100

Paper 2. Pharmaceutics-V (Clinical Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Pharmaceutics-VI (Industerial Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 4. Pharmaceutics-VII(Biopharmaceutics) 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pharmaceutics-VIII (Pharmaceutical QualityControl)

100 100 200

TOTAL 900

_______________________

DEANFaculty ofPharmacy

PHARMACEUTICS-V(CLINICAL PHARMACY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 MARKS

4TH PROFESSIONAL

1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO CLINICALPHARMACYTerminology, definition of clinical practice. Basic

components, scope i.e drug distribution system, drug

information, drug utilization and formal education and

training.

2. PATIENT DRUG PROFILE.a. Patient disease profile.

b. taking case history.

c. Drug profle of 25 Drugs( Adrenalin, Aminoglycosides,

Anti-TB, Antiepileptics, Atropine, Benzodiazebines,

Chepkalosporin, Chloramphenramine, Cemitidine, Digoxin,

Doubtamine, Dopamine, Fluroquinolones, Furesmide,

Lactulose, Macrolides, Metoclopramide,

Morphine/Pehedine, Nifedipine, NSAIDs, ORS,Pencillins

Prednisolone, Salbutamole and Vancomycin)

3. CLINICAL TRIALS OF DRUG SUBSTANCES.Designing of clinical trials, types of trials, choice of

patients, exclusion of patients, monitoring a clinical trial.

4. DRUG INTERACTIONS AND ADVERSE DRUGREACTIONS.a) Drug interactions mechanism physiological factors

affecting interaction, Types of drug interactions, Role

of pharmacist in evaluating drug interactions.

b) Adverse drug reactions: Classification, Excessive

pharmaceutical response, Idiosyncrasy, Secondary

pharmacological effects, Allergic drug reactions,

General Toxicity, Toxicity following drug withdrawal.

5. UTILIZATION OF CLINICAL DRUG LITERATUREIntroduction, Drug literature selection, Drug literature

evaluation, Drug literature communication.

6. USES OF COMPUTER IN CLINICAL PHARMACYBiopharmaceutics, Generic equivalence,

bioavailability, bioequivalence, drug disposition,

therapeutics pharmacokinetics, biotransformation,

therapeutic equivalents.

7. DRUGS INDUSING DISEASES:8. EMERGANCY TREATMENT

PRACTICALS

Clerkship in the clinical setting project related to the clinical

Pharmacy practices will be completed by the students and will

be evaluated by the External Examiner.

RECOMMANDED BOOKS

1. Roger Walker Clinical Pharmacy and therapeutics,

Churchikk Levinstone London 3rd Ed.2003.

2. Guard Paul A Behavirol Approach to Pharmacy practice,

Black Well USA 2000.

3. Herfindal Gourley Clinical pharmacy and therapeutics,

William and Willkings London 1992.

4. A J Winfield pharmaceutical practice Churchill Levistone

London 2nd Ed. 1998.

5. Kaving Taylor Pharmacy practice, Taylor and Francis,

New York 1998.

6. Deborah Rosenbaun Clinical Research Coordinator Hand

Book 2nd Ed. Sarrison, Inc, North Carolina USA.

7. Simon Cook, Clinical Studies Manegnment, Apractical

Quide to Success, Sue Horwood Publishing limited West

Sussex UK.

8. Joseph T Dipiro, Encyclopedia of Clinical Pharmacy

Marcel Dekker publishing 2003.

9. Mellainie J Rantucci, Pharmacist talking with bpatients

1997.

10. Smith GDG and Aronson J K Oxford Text Book of clinical

Pharmacology and Drug Therapy Oxford University

Press, UK 1990.

11. Hansten P and Horn J Drug interactions, Lee and

Febiger, Philadelphia, USA, 1998.

PHARMACEUTICS-IV(HOSPITAL PHARMACY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 MARKS

4TH PROFESSIONAL

2. INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL PHARMACYDefinition of hospital pharmacy, minimum standard

for Pharmacies in hospitals, administration facilities,

drugs distribution, drug information, and abilities

required for hospital pharmacist, management of

pharmacy department in an institution, participation

in research, participation in educational activities,

responsibilities and duties of hospital pharmacist.

3. HOSPITAL AND ITS ORGANIZATIONDefinition, classification, organization,

administration, medical staff, clinical department,

nursing services, dietetic service,Radiology and other

supportive services medical record department, blood

bank, pathology service.

4. PHARMACY,ITS ORGANIZATION &

PERSONNELSupportive personnel, performance requirement for

pharmacist, departmental activity chart, charting of

pharmacy organization, organization of a large

hospital pharmacy operation, control of personnel.

5. PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEEDefinition, purpose, function and scope of committee,

policies of committee, membership, committee’s

agenda, committee’s role in adverse drug action, drug

reaction, drug utilization review, emergency drug

lists.

6. PURCHASING AND INVENTORY CONTROLPurchasing, agent vs. pharmacist, role of pharmacist

in drug procurement, purchasing procedure, store

room arrangement.

7. IN – PATIENT DISPENSINGGuide – lines for hospital drug distribution system,

charge and non – charge floor stock drugs, drug

basket method, mobile dispensing unit, unit dose

dispensing, self medication programs.

9. DISPENSING TO AMBULATORY PATIENTPharmaceutical services to ambulant patient, location

of out - - patient dispensing area, types of

prescription received, dispensing routine.

9. HOSPITAL FORMULARYA. General principles and Guidelines to develop

formulary.

B. Format.

C. Preparation of the Formulary and Role of the

Pharmacist.

D. Benefits and Problems.

E. Keeping up-to-date Formulary.

F. Contraceptives.

10.DISTRIBUTION OF CONTROL SUBSTANCES11.DISPENSING DURING OFF HOURS12.SAFE USE OF MEDICATIONS IN HOSPITAL

(a) Medication errors.

(b) Evaluation and precaution of Medication errors.

(c) Role of Pharmacist in control of medication

errors.

13.MANUFACTURING BULK AND STERILE14.THE PHARMACY-CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLYROOM15.ASEPTIC DISPENSING16.ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN SMALL HOSPITALS17.NUCLEAR PHARMACY18.THE PHYSICAL PLANT AND ITS EQUIPEMENT19.INVESTIGATIONAL USE OF DRUGS20.HEALTH ACCESSORIES21.SURGICAL SUPPLIES22.INSPECTION OF WARDS WITH REFRENCE TODRUG STORAGE AND ADMINSTRATION23.MANEGEMENT OF ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCYPHARMACY(A&E)24.COMMON KNOWLEDGE OF ABOUT 100 DRUGS

REGISTERED BY M.O.H GOVERNMENT OFPAKISTAN

RECOMMANDED BOOKS

6. William Hassan Hospital Pharmacy, Lee and Febiger,

Washington, 5th Ed. 1986.

7. N I Bukhari, Hospital Pharmacy, Aziz Book Depot,

Lahore, Pakistan 2000.

8. Martin Stephen, Hospiotal Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical

press London, 2003.

PHARMACEUTICS-VIII(PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY CONTROL)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)Marks 100

4th PROFESSIONAL

1. SCOPEAn understanding of the testing, quality control

program and methods adopted in the pharmaceutical

industry, dosage form control, process control, testing

program and methods, physical, chemical and

biological tests and specification.

2. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR TABLETSPhysical tests-hardness, thickness and diameter,

friability, disintegration, weight variation, chemical

tests content uniformity, assay of active ingredient,

dissolution.

3. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR CAPSULES:Disintegration test, uniformity of weight, assay of

active ingredient.

4. EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED ACTIONPRODUCTS (TABLETS)Stability of availability rate during storage, in vivo

evaluation, in vitro evaluation of sustaining action.

5. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FORSUPPOSITORIES:Disintegration test, uniformity of weight, assay of

active ingredient, melting rang test, liquefaction time

test and breaking test.

6. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR STERILEPRODUCTS (PARENTERALS)Leaker’s test, clarity test, pyrogen test, sterility test for

parenterals and other sterile preparations, and assay

for active ingredient lab test.

7. BIOLOGICAL ASSAYSBiological methods, standard preparations and units

of activity, bioassay of antibiotics, insulin injection,

prepared digitalis, and vitamin D.

8. ALCOHOL DETERMINATIONAlcohol metric method, problems during distillation of

alcohol, method for liquids containing less than 30%

or more than 30% alcohol, and special treatment

before distillation.

9. ALKALOIDAL DRUG ASSAYWeighing for assay, extraction of drug maceration,

percolation, continuous extraction, purification, of

alkaloids, and determination of alkaloids.

10. MISCELLANEOUS DETERMINATIONS ANDTESTSDetermination of weight per milliliter, water, moisture

content, loss on drying, toxicity test, and identification

test.

12.GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF APPENDCESATTACHED TO B.P, BPC AND USP13.STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF QUALITYCONTROL, CHARTS DURING MANUFACTURING

PROCESS

PRACTICAL

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and

availabilty of the facilities. E.g. Asssay of various spirits,

Tinctures, Extracts, Syrups and Elixirs, Assay of Onitments and

Suppositories, Assay of tablets and Capsules, Test of Alkalinity

of glass, Detrmination of alcohol contents in the pharmaceutical

preparations and Pyrogen test, Sterility test,, Determination of

Ash contents, Determination of Moisure contents, Determination

of total solides, Determination of Viscosity of Syrup, gels, etc,

Determination of Emulsion types.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. A H Bekett and J B Stennlake, Practical Pharmaceutical

Chemistry, part-II and II, The Alton press, London.

2. A M Knevel and F E Digani, Jenkin's Quantitative

Pharmaceutical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill book company,

New York.

3. K A Connors a text book of pharmaceutical analysis, John-

Wiley and Sons, New York.

4. A Braithwaite and F J S mith Chromatographic Methods,

Chapman and Hall, London.

5. G D Chiristian Analytical Chemistry, John Wiley and sons

New York.

6. Karamt A Javeed Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance in

class, Industry and Market, Aziz publishers Lahore-

Pakistan 1993.

7. Gil Bismuth and Sosh Neumann, Cleaning, Validation, a

practical approach, CRC press, LLC USA 2003.

8. J T Cartersen and C T Rhodes, Drug Stability, principles

and practices 3rd Ed.(revised and expanded) Mercel Dekker,

New York 2000.

9. Sydney H Willig, Good Manufacturing Practices for

Pharmaceuticals, Marcel D ekker publishing.

10. Brynat R the Pharmaceutical Quality Control Hand book,

Aster publishing corporation, Eugene 1989.

11. Braun R E, Introduction to Industerial Analysis, McGraw-

Hill book Co New York 1987.

PHARMACEUTICS-VIINDUSTRIAL PHARMACY

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)Marks 100

4th Professional

1. DRYINGDefinition, purpose of drying, psychrometry, non-thermal

methods of drying, theory of drying, drying of solids loss on

drying, moisture content, Equilibrium Moisture Contents

(EMC), behavior of solid during drying, classification of

solids based on drying behavior, static bed system, moving

bed system, mobilized bed system, spray during system,

pneumatic system.

2. EVAPORATIONGeneral principle of evaporation, evaporators, evaporation

under reduced pressure.

3. LYOPHILIZATIONDefinition, pharmaceutical applications, pressure

temperature phase diagram, essential components of freeze

drying system, modification in the process and equipment.

4. MIXINGDefinition, purpose of mixing, types of mixing-liquids

mixing-flow characteristics, mechanism of mixing,

equipment for batch and continuous mixing, mixer

selection, solid mixing: mechanism of mixing, equipment for

batch and continuous mixing, mixing of solid with liquids,

mixer selection.

5. MILLING AND MICROMERITICSDefinition, pharmaceutical applications, theory of

comminuting, particle size and size distribution,

determination of particle size, particle volume

measurement, particle shape and surface area,

determination of surface area type of mills; hummer mill,

ball mill, fluid energy mill, cutting mill, roller mill, colloid

mill, selection of mill, techniques of milling.

6. HEAT TRANSFERMethods of heat transfer, heating of fluid jackets and coils,

heat exchangers, design of heating equipment, heat transfer

with change of phase, steam as a heating medium,

properties of steam, practical aspects of use of steam.

7. MASS TRANSFERBrief account of solid/fluid mass transfer and fluid/fluid

mass transfer.

8. FILTRATION AND CLARIFICATIONDefinition, theory of filtration, filter media and filter aids,

filter selection, non-sterile and sterile operation, testing of

filter, filtration equipments-plate and frame press, cartridge

filters, edge filter, continuous rotary vacuum filter, disk

filter, leaf filter, membrane filtration.

9. REFRIGERATIONIntroduction and basic principle of refrigeration.

10. COMPRESSION AND COMPACTIONa. Solid on interface, angle of response, flow rates,

mass volume relationship, Hackle plot, Consolidation.

b. Compression (Dry method, Wet method, slugging)

physics of tableting, tablet mechanics and other

equipment required, problem involved in tableting,

tablet granulation, basic characteristics, granulation

properties.

11. TABLET COATINGEquipments used for coating, coating processes, sugar

coating, film coating, enteric coating, air suspension

coating, coating defects.

12. CAPSULESEquipment used for the filling of hard gelatin capsule, Lilly

& Park Davis, Names of different capsule filling machines,

punch method, extemporaneous filling, formulation,

finishing, imprinting.

13. SUSTAINED ACTION DOSAGE FORMSThe sustained release concept, practical formulation drug

complexes, encapsulated slow release granules, tabletted

slow release granules, matrix tablets, controlled release

technology.

14. MANUFACTURE OF SUPPOSITORIESSuppositories for systemic effect, suppository for local

effect, specify problems in formulating suppositories.

15. PARENTERALSProduction facilities, arrangement area, clean-up area,

preparation area, air cleaning-laminar, flow environment,

U.V. radiations, production procedures, cleaning containers

and equipments, product preparation preservation,

filtration, filling liquids, solids, sealing vials and bottles,

ampoules.

16. PACKAGING MATERIALSGlass containers, plastic containers and their types, drug

plastic consideration permeation, leaching, sorption,

chemical reactivity modification, collapsible tubes and

lamination, closures, film wrapper, blister package, strips

package, shrink banding foil, paper or plastic pouches,

bottle sealing.

17. LARGE SCALE MANUFACTURE OF EMULSIONSUSPENSION AND SEMSOLIDS

18. PILOT PLANT SCAL-UP TECHNIQUEPrinciples of pharmaceutical Formulation and product

Development.

19. KINETIC PRINCIPLES AND STABILITY TESTINGTHEORETIC CONSIDERATIONDegradation:

a) Physical Factors: Influence of pH, temperature, ionic

strength, acid base classis, UV Light.

b) Chemical Factors: Complex chemical reaction

oxidation reduction, hydrolysis.

c) Influence of packaging components: Glass, plastic and

other materials.

20. STUDY TOURTo visit the pharmaceutical industries will be an integral

part of syllabus.

NOTE: The candidates are required to work for 300 hours in

Factory, Hospital, shop or dispensary, during summer

vacation. They must maintain a diary of work signed

daily by the manager.

PRACTICAL

1. Study of different parts of single punch machine.

2. Preparation of tablets by direct compression.

3. Preparation of aspirin tablets by dry granulation methods.

4. Preparation of chewable pediatric aspirin tablets.

5. Preparation of mineral oil emulsion with the help of

homogenizer.

6. Evaluation of suspending agent against control.

7. Determination of angle of repose.

8. Filling of hard gelatin capsule with hand operated capsule

filling machine.

9. Preparation of glycerin suppositories.

10.Preparation of glycerinated gelatin suppositories.

11.Determination of particle size, determination of granule

powder.

12.Evaluation of suspending and flocculating agents individually

against control.

13.Preparation of 40% cod liver oil emulsion.

14.Provided sample of powder.

15.Determination of displacement value in suppositories.

16. Determination of moisture cont (MC) and loss on drying of

various samples of drugs.

RECOMMANDED BOOKS

1. Lackman, Theory and practice of industrial

pharmacy,Verghese publishing House, Bombay 1987.

2. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial pharmacy CBS Publishers

and distributors New Delhi 1986.

3. Bentley's Pharmaceutical Text Book, CBS Publishers and

distributors New Delhi 1986.

4. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack publishing

company, USA 2001 .

5. John Sharp Good Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Practice, Rational and Compliance.

PHARMACEUTICS-VII(BIOPHARMACEUTICS)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 MARKS

4th PROFESSIONAL

1. DEFINITIONS AND TECHNOLOGYBiopharmaceutics, Generic equivalence,

bioavailability, bioequivalence, drug disposition,

therapeutics pharmacokinetics, biotransformation,

therapeutic equivalents.

2. GASTRO-INTESTINAL ABSORPTION ANDPHYSICO-CHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONForces which help intransmembrane movements. pH.

Partition theory, lipid solubility, Factors affecting

bioavailability.

3. INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOKINETICSDetermination through Plasma drug level studies.

Application pharmacokinetics in clinical situations.

4. CONCEPT OF COMPARTMENT (S) MODELSOne compartment open mode. Two compartment

open model. Three compartment open model. Non-

compartmental method of analysis.

5. BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE AND VOLUME OFDISTRIBUTIONConcept, Methods of Determination.

6. BIOAVAILABILITY STUDIESPurpose, relative and absolute bioavailability.

Determination of bioavailability.

7. DRUG CLEARANCEMechanism, determination and relationship of

clearance with half-life.

8. ELIMINATION OF DRUGSa) Hepatic Elimination

Percent of drug metabolized, drug

biotransformation reactions (Phase I reaction

and phase II reactions).

First pass effect. Hepatic clearance of protein

bound drugs. Billiary excretion of drugs.

b) Renal Excretion of Drugs.

Renal clearance. Tubular secretion. Tubular

reabsorption.

c) Elimination of Drugs through other organs.

Pulmonary excretion. Salivary excretion.

Mammary excretion. Skin excretion. Genital

excretion.

9. PROTEIN BINDINGDetermination of plasma protein binding. Clinical

significance of drug protein binding.

10. FACTORS AFFECTING DISSOLUTION INRESPECT OF BIOAVAILABILITYMethods of in-vitro and in-vivo determination of rate

of dissolution.

11. MULTIPLE DOSAGE REGIMEN12. INTRAVENOUS INFUSION13. BIOPHARMACEUTCAL AND PK ASPECTS INDEVELOPING DOSAGE FORM14. APPLICATION OF PK AND B.A IN CLINICALSITUATIONS15. APPLICATION OF PK IN DISEASE STATES.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS1. Leon Shargel applied Pharmacokinetics and

Biopharmaceutics, Appletone and Lange New York 4th Ed. 1999.

2. Malcoln Rouland, Thomous N Tozer Clinical

pharmacokinetics, William and Willkins London 1995.

3. Milo Gibaldi, Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics

Marchel and Dakker Inc New York 1982.

4. Gibbson and Skett Introduction to Drug Metabolism, Champ

and Hall London 1986.

5. Robert E Notari Biopharmaceutics and Clinical

Pharmacokinetics, Marchel and Dakker Inc New York 1988.

6. Stephan H Curry Drug Dispostion and Pharmacokinetics

Black Well Scientific publishing Oxford 1977.

7. Avraham Yacobi Toxicokinetics and New Drug Development,

Paramount press, New York 1989.

8. Sarfraz Niazi Text book of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical

Pharmacokinetics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, new York 1985.

9. P Macheras, C Reppas and J B Dressman, Biopharmaceutics

of Orally administred Drugs, Ellis Horwood Limited London

1995.

10.Albert P Li, Invitro Approaches for Evaluation of Drug Efficacy

and Toxicity, CRC press, LLC USA, 2004.

11.Ronald D Schoenwald, Pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery

and Development, CRC, Press, LLC, USA,2002.

PRACTICALS

Practicals of the subject shall be designed from time to time on

the basis of the above mentioned thoeratical topics and

availabilty of the facilities.

12.Blood Sampling Techniques: In laboratory animals like dog,

rabbits, mice etc. in human beings.

13.Plasma level time curve: Determination of pharmacokinetics

parameters.

14.Optional dose determination.

15.Measurement of rate of bioavailability.

16.Determination of plasma protein binding.

17.Determination of relative and absolute bioavailability.

18.Urinary sampling Techniques: In laboratory animals, In

humans, Renal excretion of drugs or drug disposition.

FINAL PROFESSIONALMARKS

Theory Practical Total

Paper 1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (MedicinalChemistry) 100 100 200

Paper 2. Pharmaceutics-IX(Clinical Pharmacy) 100 100 200

Paper 3. Forensic Pharmacy 100 100

Paper 4. Pharmaceutical Technology 100 100 200

Paper 5. Pharmaceutical Management &Marketing 100 100

Paper 6. Computer and its application inPharmacy 50 50 100

TOTAL 900

GROSS TOTAL 4550

_______________________

DEANFaculty ofPharmacy

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY–III(MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY)SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)Marks 100

5th PROFESSIONAL

1. CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION AND BIOLOGICALACTIVITYIntroduction, the effect of certain structural features, Alkyl

groups, Amines, Alcohols and Phenols, Aldehydes and

Ketones, Acids, Halogens

2. ALKALOIDSGeneral character, classification, methods of extraction.

Special study of Atropine, morphine and related compounds:

Papaverine, cocaine, ephedrine and reserpine, Ergotamine.

3. CYCLIC COMPOUNDSMenthol, Camphor, Santonin, Carotene, Cyclopropane

4. PROTEINOUS AND STEROIDAL HORMONES:

Portentous Hormones: Brief Description, Basic Chemistry.

Mechanism of Action: Insulin Growth Hormone,

Follicular-stimulating hormone,

Luteinizing hormone, thyroid

stimulating hormone.

Steroidal Hormones: Brief Description, Basic

Chemistry, mechanism of

action, structure activity

relationship, and uses.

Natural Sex Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone,

Androgens.

5. ANTIBIOTICSIntroduction, classification, chemical structure, and

mechanism of action, structure activity relationship and uses

of: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol,

Tetracycline, Oxytetracyclin , and Kanamycin.

6. VITAMINSGeneral character, synthesis and uses of Vitamin A, B

Complex, C, D & Folic Acid.

7. SYNTHETIC DRUGSBrief description, basic chemistry, mechanism of action, SAR

Synthesis and uses of:

SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTICS: Barbiturates (Phenobarbitone)

Phenothiazines (Chlorpromazine).

GENERAL AND LOCALANAESTHETICS:

Cyclopropane, Halothane, Procaine,

Novacaine.

ANTIPYRETIC AND ANALGESICS: Salicylates (Aspirin), Aminophenol

derivatives (Acetanilide),

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) and

Phenacetin.

Miscellaneous , Indomethacin ,

Mefenamic acid , Ibuprofen.

ANTISEPTICS: Alcohol (Ethanol), Nitrofurazone,

Gentian Violet , Chloroxylenol,

Iodoform.

SULPHA DRUGS: Sulphonamides (Sulphanilamide,

sulphadizaine , Sulphacetamide).

ANTIMALARIALS: 4-Aminoquinolines (Chloroquine,

Amodiaquine).

8- Aminoquinoline (primaquine).

ANTHELMINATICS: Piperazine, Thiabendazole.

DIURETICS: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

(Acetazolamide).

High Ceiling Diuretic. (Furosemide) ,

osmotic Diuretic.

ANTITUBERCULARS: Isoniazid, Ethambutol.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE: Methyldopa, Hydralazine.

ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS: Aromatic Nitrogen Mustards,

(Chlorambucil , Cyclophosphamide).

Fluropyrimidines

(5-Fluorouracil), Antimetabolites,

Methotrexate.

PRACTICALPractical of the subject shall be designed on the basis of the

above mentioned theoretical topics and the availability of the

facilities. E.g. Estimation of function groups; Carboxylic, Hydroxy,

Amino and Nitro groups; Determination of Molecular weight of

Organic compounds. Synthesis of Paracetamol, salicylic Acid,

Methy1 salicylate, Azobenzene, P-nitrosophenol,

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. A. Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry.

2. Wilson’s Textbook of Organic Medicinal & Pharmaceutical

Chemistry.

3. Salerni Natural & Synthetic Organic Medicinal Compounds.

4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.

5. Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia.

6. Quick Index of Medical Products (QIMP).

PHARMACRUTICSY-IX(CLINICAL PHARMACY)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

5th PROFESSIONAL

1. RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS:Rational prescribing, rational dispensing, problems of

irrational drug use, learning about drug use problem,

sampling to study drug use, Indicators of drug use.

2. INTRODUCTION TO ESSENTIAL DRUGS:Criteria for selection, usage and advantages.

3. DRUG UTILIZATION REVIEW AND EVALUATION:

Development of protocol of use of few very low therapeutic index

drug group like, Steroids, Vancomycin and Cimetidine.

New technologies in drug delivery system.

4. DRUG ABUSE AND MISE:

5. PRACTICAL PHARMACOKINETICS:Therapeutic drug monitoring of Digoxin,

Gentamycin, Lithium, Vancomycin,

Phenobarbitone, Valporic Acid etc.

6. PHARMACOECONOMIC STUDIES:

7. PHARMACEUTICAL CARE:

8. ROLE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY IN COMMUNITYPHARMACY:

9. CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS:

a. General strategy: Terminology of Disease, Management and

treatment, drug selection.

b. Basic introduction of some clinical situations, their clinical

features, etiology, pathphysiology and treatment of causes:

Common Cold, Phayngitis, Tonsillitis, Pneumonia, TB,

Diarrhea, Malaria, Meningitis, Tetanus, Typhoid, Measles,

Rabies, AIDS, CCF, Conjunctivitis, Anemia, Gout, Asthma,

Ulcer, DM, Hypertension, Hepatitis, Dermatology(Scabies,

Fungal diseases)

10. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY:a. General information, Role of Pharmacist in treatment

of poisoning and general management of poisoning

and over dosage, Role and status of poison control

center.

b. Antidotes and their mechanism of action.

11. SAVE I/V THERAPY & HAZARDS OF I/V

THERAPY:

12. NON-COMPLIANCE:Definition, Introduction and importance, Extent of

non0compliance, Method of assessment, Reason for

non-compliance, Strategies for improving and

designing of compliance trails.

PracticalClerkship in the Clinical Setting / A project related to Clinical

Pharmacy Practices will be completed by the students and will

evaluate by the external examiner.

Recommended Books

Pharmaceutical Care Practice by Robert J. Cipolle (Author) Peter

C Morley (Author), Linda M. Strand (Author) (2006).

International Pharmaceutical Services: The Drug Industry and

Pharmacy practice in Twenty-Three Major Countries of the

world.

PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY(WRITTEN)

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

5th PROFESSIONAL

1. PRINCIPLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION

AND DOSAGE FORM DESIGN:a. Product Formulation b. Need for Dosage form

c. Preformulation studies

2. FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT:a. Pharmaceutical Aerosols b. Ophthalmic Preparations

c. Parenteral Preparations.

3. ADVANCED FORMULATION TECHNIQUES:

Development of a formulation methodology and flow plan for the

new product.

New technologies in drug delivery system.

4. NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM:a. Introduction to Drug Carrier

i.Liposomes as a Drug Carrier

ii. Niosomes as a Drug Carrier

iii. Biodegradable pholymers as a Drug

Carrier

b. Active and Passive Drug Delivery System.

c. Other Novel GIT Systems.

5. MODEFIED DRUG RELEASE DOSAGE FORM:a. The concept of sustained Release

b. First Order Release approximation

c. Multiple Dosing

d. Implementation of Designing

e. Approaches based upon dosage form modification

f. Product evaluation and testing

g. Matrices tablets.

h. Control Release Technology

i.Micro encapsulation

ii. Method of particle coating

iii. Instrumentation in granule

manufacturing

6. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:a. Biotechnical aspect in the product development

b. Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering and its

application in Medicine

c. Principle synthesis and Application of Monoclonal

Antibodies

d. Introduction to Gene Therapy

e. Immobilized Enzymes and their application in

Medicine

f. General Principle and Methods of Microbial Assay

PRACTICAL

The practical of the subject shall be designed from time to

time on the basis of the above mentioned theoretical topics

and the avaiulability of the facilities. E.g:

1. Various techniques to develop the formulation.

2. Granulation technology.

3. Study of drug delivery system.

4. Biotechnological aspect of product development

5. In-vitro quality control of various dosage forms.

6. Microbial Assay

7. Particle size analysis using various methods.

8. Stability studies of pharmaceuticals.

9. Coating of particles.

10. To prepare, examine and control specifications of

packaging materials

Note: A minimum of 20 practical will be conducted.

Recommended Books:

1. Drug delivery and targeting by Anya M. Hellery

2. Controlled drug delivery by Joseph R. Robinson

3. Pharmaceutical design and development by T.V.

Ramabhadran

4. Pharmaceutics: Science of Dosage Forms Design by

M.E.Aulton

5. Modern pharmaceutics by Banker

6. Development of biopharmaceutical parenteral dosage forms

by John A. Bontempo

7. Controlled and Novel drug delivery by N.K. jain.

8. Pharmaceutical Dosage Form in Drug Delivery System by

Ansel.

FORENSIC PHARMACYSESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)Marks 100

5th Professional

2. STUDY OF DRUG LAWS:A. The drugs act 1976 and Rules framed there under.

B. Provincial drug Rules(Respective Drug Rules will be

taught in the relevant Province)

C. Advertisement rules.

D. Other related rules and Legal aspects.

3. THE PHARMACY ACT 1967:4. THE DANGERUS DRUGS 1930:5. THE FACTORY LAW 1934:6. SHOPS AND STABLISHMENT ORDINANCE:7. THE POISON ACT 1919:8. CONTROL OF NARCOTICS SUBSTANCES ACT 1997:

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. R Z Hussain, The Mannual of Drug Laws in Pakistan,

Irfan Book house Lahore Pakistan.

2. The Pharmacy Act 1967.

3. The Poison Act 1919.

4. The Dangerous Act 1930.

5. The Factory Law 1934.

6. Shop and Establishment Ordinance 1969.

7. Control of Narcotics Substances 1977.

PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT ANDMARKETING

SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

5th PROFESSIONAL

1. MANAGEMENT:a. Nature and principle of management.

b. Types and functions of Manager.

c. Planning, Purpose and types of planning, steps in planning.

d. Organization.

e. Management control system, purpose, steps in control

process, forms of operation control, requirements for adequate

control, critical control points and standards.

f. Motivation.

g. Innovation and creativity.

h. Communication.

2. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT:

Material Management

3. MARKETING MANAGEMENT:

Marketing Channls, Promotion and Advertisement and sales

man ship

4. SALES MANAGEMENT:Personal, Buying, Receiving, Pricing, Sales promotion

and customer services.

5. PHARMACY LAYOUT DESIGNED:Objectives of layout design , types of community

Pharmacies(Pharmaceutical center, Prescription-oriented

pharmacies, Traditional pharmacies and the super drug

Store), Consumer goods and purchases, classes of layout

designs, principles and characteristics of layout design and

traffic flow analysis.

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. M A and N I Bukhari, Pharmaceutical Management and

Marketing, Tariq Academy, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2002.

2. C Patrick Tharp and Pedro J Lecca, Pharmacy

Management for students and practitioners, the C V

Mosby company, st. Louis, Toronto London 1979.

3. Harry A Smith Principle and Methods of Pharmacy

Management, Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 1986.

COMPUTER AND ITS APPLICATIONPHARMACY (WRITTEN)SESSION (2004-2009)

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY (PHARM-D)100 Marks

5th PROFESSIONAL

1. FUNDAMENTALS BASIC CONCEPT OF COMPUTERS

History of Data Processing

Types of Computers

Computer System and Business Computer System

Backing Storage Devices

Unit of Memory

Viruses and Anti-viruses Issues

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

What is a System

Steps in system life cycle

Data Gathering and Data Analysis

Designing a New System

Development and Implementation of New System

Documentation

3. DATA PROCESSING

Data Processing

The Data Processing Cycle

The Collection and Computing of Data

Manual collection of data

The main methods of data input

Devices used to collect data

Data verification

Data validation

Output and Recording of data

Types of data processing systems

Types of Computer Operation

Batch Processing and Real-Time Processing

4. DATA COMMUNICATION:

Application of Data Communication

Components of Data Communication System

Rate of data Transmission

Computer Networks

Network Topology

Gateway

E-mail/Internet Concepts

Practical

1. Introduction to Microsoft Windows and its different

packages like word, Excel, Power Point etc.

2. Internet and E-mail

Internet and Microsoft Internet Explorer 5

Addresses, Kinds and Downloading

Searching the Internet

E-mail and Newsgroups

Favorites, security and Customizing Explorer

3. Web Page Development

Introduction to Front-page

Creating a First Web site

Basic Formatting Techniques

Manipulating Tables within Front-page

Front-page, Picture and Multimedia

Hyper linking, bookmarks and Image Maps

Introducing Front-page “components”.

Front-page and Frames

Managing your web

Good site design, Publishing and publicizing

4. Complete Statistical Package like SPSS.

5. Languages: At least two prevailing languages will be

taught.

Books Recommended

1. Introduction to computers

2. Comprehensive computer studies

3. Windows-XP 2002

Note: The candidates are required to work for a minimum of 300

hours in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing unit, Retail/

Community Pharmacy/Hospital setting after the final year

examination. They must maintain a diary of work signed daily by

the manager.

GENERAL REGULATIONS

The following general regulations will be applicable for

students of PHARM-D.

1. The PHARM-D First, Second, Third, Fourth and Final

Professional Examination shall be held twice a year on such

dates as many are fixed by the University authority every

year.

2. A student who completes the required percentage of

attendance as per University rules in theory and practical

shall be allowed to join the next higher class provisionally.

However if such a candidate fails to qualify at least two

subject excluding Islamic & Pak. Studies in the 1st

Professional PHARM-D Supplementary examination or any

two subjects in 2nd/3rd/4th/5th Professional PHARM-D

Supplementary examination his/her provisional promotion

to (the present) higher class shall automatically stand

cancelled.

3. A student who is promoted to next higher class

provisionally on the basis of attendance will be considered

as regularly promoted if he passes at least two subjects in

the annual/supplementary examination. However this

category of student shall not be allowed any further

promotion to next higher class unless he/she passes the

lower examination. A candidate shall not be permitted to

appear in the higher examination unless he passes the

lower examination.

4. The minimum number of marks required to pass the

examination shall be 50% in theory and 50% in practical

examination concurrently in each subject. Any candidate

failing practical exam shall be deemed to have failed in

theory exam as well and vice versa.

5. A candidate who passes in one or more subjects, but fails in

the examination may be given exemption from appearing in

that subject. However, he may appear in any subsequent

examination on payment of the prescribed fee as per

University rules. If he/she obtains pass marks in the failing

subject/subjects according to regulation 4 above, he/she

shall be deemed to have passed the examination provided

that candidate who comes under exemption must complete

the whole yearly examination within four consecutive

attempts including the first annual examination fixed for

that class.

A candidate who fails to appear in the annual examination,

or fails to pass any subject or subjects of the examination,

before being permitted to reappear at a subsequent

examination shall produce evidence of having pursued such

a course of studies in that subject or subjects as the Board

of Studies may determine.

6. Candidates who have obtained 80% of the marks in any

subject shall be deemed to have obtained distinction in that

subject, provided that no candidate who does not pass in all

subjects of the examination at one time shall be declared to

have passed with distinction in any subject.

7. The practical shall be conducted by a Board of Examiners,

one external and a maximum of three and a minimum of

two internal examiners of concerned subject.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION1ST PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS

1. Doctor of Pharmacy 1st Professional Examination shall be

open to any student who:-

(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding

the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii) Has passed not less than one year previously after the

Intermediate Examination with premedical group of

subjects of any of the Board of Intermediate and

Secondary Education in Pakistan. Or any other

examination recognized by the Gomal University as

equivalent to this examination.

(iii) Has his name submitted to the controller of

examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of

Pharmacy.

2. Those students, who fail to qualify PHARM-D 1st

Professional Examination in four consecutive attempts from

the date of 1st annual examination fixed for that class, shall

not be allowed to remain on the rolls of the Faculty of

Pharmacy and they shall not appear in any Pharmacy

Examination. However, in the case of hardship the Vice

Chancellor may give such students one special chance (5th)

on the recommendations of the Board of Faculty in

Pharmacy. This special chance is meant only for 1st

Professional students. Student struck-off from the

Pharmacy roll because of failure in allotted number of

chances will not be considered for readmission on any merit

or against any reserved seat.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION2ND PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS

Doctor of Pharmacy 2nd Professional Examination shall be

open to any student who:-

(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding

the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii) Has previously passed the 1st Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal

University or any examination considered equivalent

for the purpose by the Academic Council on the

recommendations of the Board of Studies in

Pharmacy.

(iii) Has his/her name submitted to the controller of

examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of

Pharmacy.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION3RD PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS

Doctor of Pharmacy 3rd Professional Examination shall be

open to any student who:-

(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding

the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii) Has previously passed the 2nd Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal

University or any examination considered equivalent

for the purpose by the Academic Council on the

recommendations of the Board of Studies in

Pharmacy.

(iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of

Examination by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of

Pharmacy.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 4th

PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS

Doctor of Pharmacy Fourth Professional Examination shall

be open to any student who:-

(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding

the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii) Has previously passed the 3rd Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal

University or any examination considered equivalent

for the purpose by the Academic Council on the

recommendations of the Board of Studies in

Pharmacy.

(iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of

Examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of

Pharmacy.

DOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 5th

PROFESSIONAL

REGULATIONS

Doctor of Pharmacy Final Professional Examination shall be

open to any student who:-

(i) Has been enrolled during the academic year preceding

the examination in the Faculty of Pharmacy.

(ii) Has previously passed the 4th Professional

Examination for the Doctor of Pharmacy of Gomal

University or any examination considered equivalent

for the purpose by the Academic Council on the

recommendations of the Board of Studies in

Pharmacy.

(iii) Has his/her name submitted to the Controller of

Examinations by the Chairman/Dean, Faculty of

Pharmacy.

INTERPRETATION OF RULES OF ANNUALSYSTEM NUMBERED AS PER ORIGINAL

REGULATIONS AND STATUTES

1. GENERAL STATUTES NO .1

Maximum duration for completion of PHARM-D degree will

be ten calendar years starting from the date of admission

2. GENERAL STATUTES No. 2

Foreign and non-Muslim students who choose to substitute

Islamic studies with Ethics can do so.

3. GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.1

Students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th professional promoted

provisionally on the basis of attendance will be reverted back to

previous professional, if they are unable to pass at least two

subjects in the first two chances of annual and supplementary

examination. However, attendance will not be required again in

the lower professional.

4. GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.2

Seventy Five present (75%) attendance is necessary for the

promotion to next class. Students while talking supplementary

examinations will not be considered present. The production of

medical certificate will not be counted towards presence but only

to defer cancellation of admission. Continuous absence in all the

classes for ten days will result in the cancellation of admission.

Readmission on the payment of the required fee in each

professional is perishable under the university rules.

5. GENERAL REGULATION NO.3

If the student appears in the annual examination and fails

all subjects, or does not appear at all. But he / she passes all the

subjects of that professional in the supplementary examination,

the students is eligible to appear in the examination of the next

professional if he/she fulfills the attendance requirements.

6. GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.4

The students will not be allowed to appear in theory or

practical alone. In case a student is allowed to miss practical as a

special case on the basis of unavoidable circumstances (Prior

permission necessary), his first chance, whichever may be, will be

considered his only chance to pass the practical in order to avail

the results of curlier theory exam, otherwise his theory results

will stand cancelled. Out of nine (9) questions set in theory

examination, the students will be required to attempt five (5)

questions, thus availing a choice of eighty percent.

7. GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.5

Students appearing first time in supplementary

examination after clearing the previous examination will be

considered as availing the first chance on the payment of annual

free, even though this is the supplementary examination. The

future chance will be considered as they appear.

8. GENERAL REGULATION NO.6

The number of chances allowed to a student in any

professional will be counted consecutive (continuous) Even if the

students avails any chance or not.

9. GENERAL REGULATIONS NO.7

The students of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5thprofessional must

clear all the subject of the respective professional in 6

consecutive chances including the original, subject to the total

period of graduation, i.e. ten calendar years. The case of such

students not passing the aforementioned examination in 6

chances will be considered in the board of students meeting for

final decision.

10. INCREASE IN EXAMINATION TIME

The board of study meeting held on December 2, 1995

decided to increase the theory examination time to 3 ½ hours.

ITEMS FOR CONSIDERATION OF THEBOARD OF STUDIESDOCTOR OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION 1ST

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION

RULE-2Those students who fail to qualify PHARM-D 1st professional

examination in four consecutive attempts from the date of 1st

annual examination fixed for that class shall not be allowed to

remain on the rolls of faculty of Pharmacy and they shall not

appear in any pharmacy examination.

However, in case of hardship, the Vice Chancellor may give on

special chance on the recommendations of the Board of Studies

in Pharmacy. This special chance is meant only for first

professional.

NOTEFURTHER EXPLANATION OF GENERAL

REGULATIONS

1. A student who completes there required %age of attendance

as per university rules, in theory and practical, shall be

allowed to join the next higher class provisionally. However,

if such a candidate fails to pass at least two subject,

excluding Islamic and Pak. Studies, in the First Prof.

PHARM-D, supplementary examination, his/her provisional

promotion to the 2nd Professional shall automatically stand

cancelled.

A candidate whose provisional promotion to 2nd class has

been canceled, his/her attendance in 2nd professional shall

be canceled automatically. He/She will appear in the next

coming PHARM-D 1st Professional examination with new 1st

professional. Again he will be promoted provisionally to 2nd

professional with new 1st professional class. Again he/she

will be treated under the above mentioned rules.

2. A student who is promoted to 2nd professional provisionally

on the basis of attendance, will be considered as regularly

promoted, if he/she passes at least two subjects in the

annual/supply exam:. However, this category of students

shall not be allowed any further promotion to the 2nd

professional examination unless he/she passes first

professional.

3. A candidate who has passed at least two subjects in 1st

professional annual/supplementary examination and clears

all remaining subjects in the annual exam. He is eligible to

appear in 2nd professional supply exam. After appearing in

2nd professional supply examination, he/she will be

promoted provisionally to 3rd year class. Now if such a

candidate pass all subjects 2nd professional in the supply

exam, he/she will provided his attendance in 3rd

professional class are up to the required %age. If he/she

clear at least two in 2nd professional supply/annual will

considered a regularly promoted to 3rd professional. If a

candidate fails to pass at least promotion will cancelled

automatically.

4. The same mentioned rule will be applied for next higher

classes.