DURING THE PERIOD OF

RESISTANCE

Philippine Literature

Resistance Nationalism Realistic and truly

Filipino Divided into propaganda

and revolution

19th century Philippines

Ilustrados Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe began to write about the downside of colonization

calls for reforms by the masses

downfall of the Spanish regime planted the seeds of a national consciousness

among Filipinos

Propaganda Movement

Philippine revolution

Forms parodied religious literature new literary forms to better articulate issue

Propagandists

Jose Rizal

Philosophy

Having been a victim of Spanish

brutality early in his life in Calamba, Rizal had thus already formed the nucleus of an unfavorable opinion of Castillian imperialistic administration of his country and people.

Education centers on the provision of proper motivation in order

to bolster the great social forces that make education a success

to create in the youth an innate desire to cultivate his intelligence and give him life eternal

Religion Catholic practice intermingled with

the use of Truth and Reason

Politics a conquered country like the Philippines should not be taken

advantage of but rather should be developed, civilized, educated and trained in the science of self-government

backwardness of the Spanish ruler’s method of governing the country1. the bondage and slavery of the conquered 2. the Spanish government’s requirement of forced labor and force

military service upon the natives3. the abuse of power by means of exploitation4. the government ruling that any complaint against the authorities was

criminal5. Making the people ignorant, destitute and fanatic, thus discouraging

the formation of a national sentiment. Rizal’s guiding political philosophy proved to be the study and

application of reforms, the extension of human rights, the training for self government and the arousing of spirit of discontent over oppression, brutality, inhumanity, sensitiveness and self love.

Ethics1. censured the friars for abusing the advantage of their

position as spiritual leaders and the ignorance and fanaticism of the natives

2. counseled the Filipinos not to resent a defect attributed to them but to accept same as reasonable and just

3. advised the masses that the object of marriage was the happiness and love of the couple and not financial gain

4. censured the priests who preached greed and wrong morality

5. advised every one that love and respect for parents must be strictly observed

Social philosophy 1. man in society2. influential factors in human life3. racial problems4. social constant5. social justice6. social ideal7. poverty and wealth8. Reforms9. youth and greatness10. history and progress11. future Philippines.

Poems

Last Poem of Rizal (Mi Ultimo Adios To The Philippines Our Mother Tongue Memories of My town Hymn to Labor Kundiman A Poem That Has No Title Song of Maria Clara To the Philippines Youth To Josephine Education Gives Luster to the Motherland To the Virgin Mary Sa Aking mga Kabata

Marcelo del pilar

meticulous and liberal writings against the tyrannical government and Church officials

criticized religious orders using the pasyon and prayersDiariong Tagalog

a newspaper that strongly criticized the way the Spaniards ran the government and treated the people

Editor (1882)

Satires "Dasalan at Tuksuhan" ("Prayers and

Temptations") "Kaiingat Kayo" ("Be Careful").

used the pen name Plaridel.

Mariano Ponce

co-founder of La Solidaridad (along with Lopez Jaena)

head of the Literary Section of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, created to aid the Propaganda Movement where he served as secretary

La Solidaridad daily editorial on history, politics, sociology and travel

Alias Naning - his nickname Kalipulako - named after Lapu-Lapu Tikbalang - a supernatural being in Pilipino folklore.

Revolutionists

Emilio Jacinto

At the start of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, Emilio gave up his studies and joined the Katipunan. bad experiences he had with his Spanish classmates his readings about the Spanish injustices sufferings of the Filipino people

"Brain of the Katipunan" Kartilla

the primer of the Katipunan where rules and regulations are contained

Ang Kalayaan (editor) Katipunan's newspaper where people are informed about the

aims and activities of the association

A La Patria greatest poem inspired by Rizal's Ultimo Adios

"Dimas-Ilaw“ - his pen name.

Andres Bonifacio

He read hundreds of foreign novels, books about the French revolution, politics, law, and religion. realize that freedom is the most important element of

a sovereign nation questioned the unfair rights given to the Filipinos,

while the Spaniards, who were the real foreigners in our country, were given all the privileges

He thought the solution to the problem is total separation from Spain.

“Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog” (“What Filipinos Should Know”) readers to stand up for their rights because reason teaches not to depend on others Filipinos had to rely on themselves unite and gather enough strength to defeat the enemy

Kalayaan essays and poems emphasizing

that the Philippines was a free land before the coming of the Spaniards, thus justifying the need for a revolution

"Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog"

Along with the revolutionary love songs of the period (kundiman)

Filipinos’ struggle against Spain

Going to English

the introduction of English as medium of instruction in the Philippines hastened the demise of Spanish

by the 1930s, English writing had overtaken Spanish writing

During the language's death throes, however, writing in the romantic tradition, from the awit and korido, would continue in the novels of Magdalena Jalandoni

patriotic writing continued under the new colonialists vernacular poems modern adaptations of works during the Spanish period

Magdalena Jalandoni

A pioneering woman writer, feminist, and foremost Hiligaynon author of her time,

She started writing ate 10 y/o first corrido, entitled, “Padre Juan Kag

Beata Maria.” native poem called “Lilia”

At 12 “Don Juan Gonzaga”, “Lucibar and

Portivillar,” “General Manfredo kag Pastor Salicio sa Guinhari-an sa Grecia,” “Principe Ricardo”

notable essayists and fictionists Claro M. Recto Teodoro M. Kalaw Epifanio de los Reyes Vicente Sotto Trinidad Pardo de Tavera Rafael Palma Enrique Laygo