PhotoshopPhotoshop works with bitmapped, digitized images (that is, continuous-tone images that have been converted into a series of small squares, or picture elements, called pixels). You can also work with vector graphics, which are drawings made of smooth lines that retain their crispness when scaled.

You can create original artwork in Photoshop, or you can import images into the program from many sources, such as:

• Photographs from a digital camera.

• Commercial CDs of digital images.

• Scans of photographs, transparencies, negatives, graphics, or other documents.

• Captured video images.

• Artwork created in drawing programs.

PixelsPixels

It's measured in terms of It's measured in terms of ppippi, or 'pixels per , or 'pixels per inch' when viewed in an image or on the inch' when viewed in an image or on the monitor. It's referred to as dpi or 'dots per monitor. It's referred to as dpi or 'dots per inch' in terms of printing. inch' in terms of printing.

Files you open in Elements are composed of Files you open in Elements are composed of thousands maybe millions of tiny square thousands maybe millions of tiny square pixels.pixels.

Each pixel has one and only one, colour valueEach pixel has one and only one, colour value The arrangement of the pixels of different The arrangement of the pixels of different

shades and colours creates an illusion to your shades and colours creates an illusion to your eyes that you are viewing an image on screeneyes that you are viewing an image on screen

Raster and Vector Raster and Vector imagesimages

When you have pixels you have When you have pixels you have RASTERRASTER images.images.

If you opened up a file that didn’t have pixels If you opened up a file that didn’t have pixels -then Photoshop would have to rasterize the -then Photoshop would have to rasterize the data- converting the data into pixelsdata- converting the data into pixels

VECTORVECTOR describes a shape mathematically- describes a shape mathematically-The shapes comprise paths made up of lines, The shapes comprise paths made up of lines, curves and anchor paths. One advantage is curves and anchor paths. One advantage is that they have smooth edges, they also can that they have smooth edges, they also can be resized without any lose of qualitybe resized without any lose of quality

Shape tools are vector imagesShape tools are vector images These can be used to create a simple logo or a These can be used to create a simple logo or a

web buttonweb button Type is initially created as a vector graphic. Type is initially created as a vector graphic.

Vector type provides scalable outlines that can Vector type provides scalable outlines that can be resized without producing jagged outlines. be resized without producing jagged outlines. It always prints with optimal quality- crisp and It always prints with optimal quality- crisp and cleanclean

When you simplify the text it rasterizes it and When you simplify the text it rasterizes it and turns ito pixels. You cannot edit it like text, turns ito pixels. You cannot edit it like text, but you can apply filters and special effects.but you can apply filters and special effects.

Tools in the ToolboxTools in the Toolbox

The Vector Tools allow users to create vector-based objects in Photoshop.

Unfortunately, this is a tool bar from Photoshop. Photoshop elements does not have the pen tool, but we do have a pencil and brush tool.

ResolutionResolution Any way you call it, resolution determines Any way you call it, resolution determines

how the image will appear on the screen and how the image will appear on the screen and how it will print -- more importantly, how how it will print -- more importantly, how the pixels are distributed in the document the pixels are distributed in the document

Resolution is the number of units that Resolution is the number of units that occupy a linear inch in an image.occupy a linear inch in an image.

If you have 72 pixels across a 1” horizontal If you have 72 pixels across a 1” horizontal line, your image is 72 pixels per inch (ppi). If line, your image is 72 pixels per inch (ppi). If you have 300 pixels across a 1” horizontal you have 300 pixels across a 1” horizontal line your image is _______(ppi).line your image is _______(ppi).

Setting Image sizeSetting Image size

Resolution is the number of pixels or dots per inch Resolution is the number of pixels or dots per inch (ppi/dpi). The higher the resolution, the more detail is (ppi/dpi). The higher the resolution, the more detail is stored for the graphic. This means that a higher stored for the graphic. This means that a higher resolution image is higher quality, but also is a larger resolution image is higher quality, but also is a larger in size.in size.

Setting Image sizeSetting Image size

Web Graphics Web Graphics 72 dpi72 dpi

Low-end printing Low-end printing 150 dpi150 dpi

Professional Professional quality printing quality printing

300 dpi300 dpi

Black and WhiteBlack and White printing printing 266 dpi266 dpi

When printing- If the resolution is too low, the image prints poorly. If the resolution is too high, you files are too large and it will not print any better if you printer can only process 300 dpi,

Setting Image sizeSetting Image size

Web Graphics Web Graphics 72 dpi72 dpi

The computer monitor displays everything you see on it in a fixed resolution.- this is set at 72 ppi. That’s all you get. What’s important to remember is the best veiwing of your photos is images at 72 ppi in a 100% view.

As you zoom in the image is more pixilated.

Web images -72 dpiWeb images -72 dpi Black and White -266 dpiBlack and White -266 dpi Quality Colour Print -300 dpiQuality Colour Print -300 dpi

The camera shoots at 72 dpi but the images are large The camera shoots at 72 dpi but the images are large (35 in x 26 in my camera)(35 in x 26 in my camera)

Photoshop compresses these pixels and makes them Photoshop compresses these pixels and makes them smaller- you can make it 300 dpi but it will be a smaller- you can make it 300 dpi but it will be a smaller picturesmaller picture

If you increase the size and keep the resolution the If you increase the size and keep the resolution the pixel squares just get bigger and it becomes fuzzypixel squares just get bigger and it becomes fuzzy

Setting Image sizeSetting Image sizeOnce the Resolution Once the Resolution

is made loweris made lowerCannot be revertCannot be revert

Width and height- can be seen in percents, inches, centimetres, millimetres, points, picas, or columns

For printingFor printing If you uncheck theIf you uncheck the

Resample the image, andResample the image, and

change it to 300 ppi,change it to 300 ppi,

The original pixels willThe original pixels will

not be changed but the not be changed but the

image will be smaller in size. This is preferable in image will be smaller in size. This is preferable in printing as Photoshop will not be guessing and printing as Photoshop will not be guessing and adding their own pixels, Note the image memory size adding their own pixels, Note the image memory size is the same. is the same.

If you want it bigger then uncheck resample image If you want it bigger then uncheck resample image and Photoshop will add pixels and the image memory and Photoshop will add pixels and the image memory size will increase.size will increase.

Changing Size, but not Changing Size, but not Resolution for Web ImagesResolution for Web Images

Click IMAGE-> IMAGE Click IMAGE-> IMAGE SIZE SIZE

Make sure there is a Make sure there is a check in check in Resample Resample ImageImage"Resample Image""Resample Image" instructs PhotoShop to instructs PhotoShop to keep the resolution the keep the resolution the same, no matter what you same, no matter what you do to the size. If you do to the size. If you make an image bigger, make an image bigger, PhotoShop will have to PhotoShop will have to add pixels. If you shrink add pixels. If you shrink the image, PhotoShop the image, PhotoShop will have to remove will have to remove pixels. There are three pixels. There are three resample image choices. resample image choices. Use "Bicubic" its the best. Use "Bicubic" its the best.

Change the Pixel Change the Pixel Dimensions of the image, Dimensions of the image, not the print size. not the print size.

Click Click OKOK    

Changing Resolution (but not size) for Web Changing Resolution (but not size) for Web ImagesImages

Sometimes you’ll have an image that was Sometimes you’ll have an image that was scanned at a higher or lower resolution than you scanned at a higher or lower resolution than you need. Its size is fine, youll only need to change need. Its size is fine, youll only need to change the resolution.the resolution.

Click IMAGE-> IMAGE SIZE Click IMAGE-> IMAGE SIZE

Uncheck Uncheck Resample ImageResample Image Change the Resolution to 72 Change the Resolution to 72

Since we are not printing in this class. The Since we are not printing in this class. The resolution for all are work does not have to be resolution for all are work does not have to be larger that 72 ppi.larger that 72 ppi.

File FormatsFile Formats

Vector formats include

• AI (Adobe Illustrator) • CDR (CorelDRAW) • CMX (Corel Exchange) • CGM Computer Graphics Metafile • DXF AutoCAD • WMF Windows Metafile

Vector drawing programs • Adobe Illustrator • CorelDRAW • Xara Xtreme • Serif DrawPlus

Bitmap formats include

• BMP • GIF • JPEG, JPG • PNG • PICT (Macintosh) • PCX • TIFF • PSD (Adobe Photoshop)

Bitmap editing programs

• Microsoft Paint • Adobe Photoshop • Corel Photo-Paint • Corel Paint Shop Pro • The GIMP

Common File FormatsCommon File Formats PSD (Photoshop Data) PSD (Photoshop Data) files preserve layer and channel files preserve layer and channel

information, users can continually edit and adjust images information, users can continually edit and adjust images using the PSD file.using the PSD file.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Every time a Every time a JPEG file is saved, the file recompresses and make a lighter JPEG file is saved, the file recompresses and make a lighter file size but losses quality.file size but losses quality.

TIFF TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) files are not compressed (Tagged Image File Format) files are not compressed format and make larger file size. Widely used for format and make larger file size. Widely used for printing/publication purposes.printing/publication purposes.

GIF (CompuServe Graphic Interchange Format)GIF (CompuServe Graphic Interchange Format) files files are most commonly used for Web-based line art such as are most commonly used for Web-based line art such as logos and buttons since this format can only support a logos and buttons since this format can only support a maximum of 256 colors and lighter in size. (and retains maximum of 256 colors and lighter in size. (and retains transparent backgrounds in web design and Flash)transparent backgrounds in web design and Flash)

BMP (Bitmap)BMP (Bitmap) files are mostly used in windows paint files are mostly used in windows paint program. program.