Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

The building and breaking down of glucose

PhotosynthesisThe process in which plants obtain energy from sunlight and transform it into chemical energy

Autotrophs –are able to undergo PSN- plants, algae, and some bacteria

The ultimate source of energy is sunlight

PSN continuedGoal of the process: GLUCOSE (for energy)

Plants need CO2, H20, and LightEnd Result – O2 and C6H12O6 (Glucose)

PSN Equation6H2O + 6CO2 + Light C6H12O6 +

6O2

Takes place in the chloroplastChlorophyll (green pigment) and other pigments are the chemicals that allow absorb light to form energy

PSN Equation… 6H2O + 6CO2 + Light C6H12O6 +

6O2

ReactantsWater Carbon DioxideLight energy

ProductsGlucoseWaste product – Oxygen

The waste oxygen ultimately comes from the water molecule

Parts of PSNLight Absorption

The pigments absorb the light in the cholorophyll

Electron Transport ChainThe light “excites” electrons. The electrons are passed on and on giving off energy every time they switch hands, eventually forming a chemical called NADPH.

Calvin CycleNADPH enters the Calvin Cycle. After a series of reactions the NADPH is converted to Glucose

LightWhite light from the sun is a combination of colors – visible spectrum

ResultSubstances can reflect, absorb, or transmit the different colorsThe color of an object is the result of that object reflecting a certain color.i.e. chlorophyll absorbs reds and blues and reflects green.

Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down glucose to obtain energy in the form of ATP

Has two parts:GlycolysisFermentation / Aerobic Respiration

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O+ Energy (ATP)

OPPOSITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

GlycolysisThe first stage of Cell Respiration

A glucose molecule is broken down into two pieces called pyruvateDoesn’t need oxygenOccurs in the cytoplasmEnd Result 2 ATP molecules

If Oxygen is PresentAerobic Respiration – oxygen present

Pyruvate enters into the Krebs CycleSeries of reactions yields other chemicals (NADPH) that will be used later and ATP

Electron Transport Chain – The chemicals produced in the Krebs Cycle are used to pass electrons down a long series of acceptors End result 34 ATP molecules

If Oxygen is AbsentPyruvate enters into Fermentation

Fermentation converts pyruvate into other chemical compounds that do not yield ATP but other chemicals that the body can use.

Example: Lactic Acid when not enough Oxygen present the body converts pyruvate into Lactic Acid= sore muscles

Glucose

Glycolysis

Oxygen PresentOxygen Absent

Fermentation

(anerobic)

Aerobic Respiration

34ATP

2 ATP