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Phrases and Clauses What do we already know?. Phrases. Clauses. Group of related words Can act as a single part of speech, like an adverb or an adjective Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun Will not contain a verb. Group of related words - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Phrases Clauses
Group of related wordsCan act as a single part
of speech, like an adverb or an adjective
Begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun
Will not contain a verb
Group of related wordsCan be a main clause or
a dependent clauseCan act as an adverb or
an adjectiveBegins with a relative
pronoun or a subordinate conjunction
Must contain a subject and a verb
Phrases and ClausesWhat do we already know?
Phrases Clauses
Near the street by the curb
According to JimBeside the stream
under the maple tree
In spite of himself
Which never seems real
Who likes her as much as I do
Whoever goesAs long as she
doesn’t tell
Examples
Adjective Adverb
Dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun
Clarify the noun by answering questions about “which?” or “what type of?”
Typically follows the noun or pronoun and can’t be moved around without creating a sentence that is ungrammatical in structure The guitar which Elvis used to own was found
at a garage sale. (correct) Which Elvis used to own was the guitar found
at the garage sale. (incorrect) Often begins with a relative pronoun
(that, which, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whichever)
Also called a relative clause
Dependent clause that modifies a verb Answers questions that relate to time,
location, purpose, and condition (Why? When? Where? To what degree? Or Under what condition?)
Begins with a subordinate conjunction (after, although, as, because, since, so that, unless, until, when, whenever, where, where as, wherever, whether, while…)
Adverb Clauses are Movable – Adverb clauses that come at the beginning of the sentence are followed by a comma, but adverb clauses that are at the end of a sentence do not have to be preceded by a comma. The hostess wouldn’t seat us because our entire
party had not arrived. Because our entire party had not arrived, the
hostess wouldn’t seat us.
Types of Clauses
THE SEEDS WILL TAKE ROOT WHEREVER THERE IS ENOUGH LIGHT.
What type of clause is the dependent clause in the
sentence below.
THE SEEDS WILL TAKE ROOT WHEREVER THERE IS ENOUGH LIGHT.
Adverb clause
Adverb or Adjective Clause
According to Richard Neeley from my neighborhood, Mr. Hexis, who is also my neighbor, will not attend the block party next weekend.
adjective
According to Richard Neeley from my neighborhood, Mr. Hexis, who is also my neighbor, will not attend the block party next weekend.
Adjective or adverb clause
Although you have not eaten your sub sandwich, you may still have cake dessert.
adverb
Although you have not eaten your sub sandwich, you may still have cake dessert.
Adjective or adverb clause
Before you open your birthday presents, take a picture of the beautifully wrapped packages.
adverb
Before you open your birthday presents, take a picture of the beautifully wrapped packages.
Adjective or adverb clause
Casey, who spent the night with her grandmother, was absent from school today.
adjective
Casey, who spent the night with her grandmother, was absent from school today.
Adjective or adverb clause
The delicious dinner that Dad prepared last night contained all of my favorites – macaroni and cheese, greens, and fried chicken.
Adjective or adverb clause
The delicious dinner that Dad prepared last night contained all of my favorites – macaroni and cheese, greens, and fried chicken.
Adjective or adverb clause
Whether you like it or not, there will be a clause and phrase test tomorrow.
Adjective or adverb
Whether you like it or not, there will be a clause and phrase test tomorrow.
How do I find dependent versus independent clauses?
( parenthesis around prep phrases) Underline all verbs and verb phrases twice (I underlined and
italicized on this power point since I could not underline a word twice)
Find the subject for each verb and underline it once Box {I bracketed on this power point} each clause, including any
prep phrases that are within that clause. Determine if each boxed clause can stand alone as a sentence. If it
can, it is independent; if it can’t, it is dependent. Determine the questions that the dependent clause is answering and
then label it either adverb or adjective. Check for compound sentence signals (comma and FANBOYS) (Remember that next year, we will add noun clauses to your
labeling )DO THIS FOR ALL SENTENCES…IT WILL HELP YOU!
Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound-Complex?
Neither sentence makes grammatical sense when the adjective clause is removed.
Complex
{Neither sentence makes grammatical sense }{when the adjective clause is removed.}
S, C, CX, C/CX
Adjective clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns, and adverb are dependent clauses that modify verbs.
C-CX
{Adjective clauses are dependent clauses} {that modify nouns or pronouns}, and {adverb are dependent clauses}{that modify verbs.}
Sentence Type?
We drove along the coastline and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.
Simple sentence with a compound predicate
{We drove (along the coastline) and enjoyed the beautiful scenery.}