Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) InhabitingAgricultural and Other Plants in Arizona

Item Type text; Book

Authors Tuttle, Donald M.; Muma, Martin H.

Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ)

Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona.

Download date 28/03/2021 08:10:34

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602133

Phytoseiidae (Acarina : Mesostigmata)

Inhabiting

Agricultural and Other Plants

in Arizona

Agricultural Experiment Station

The University of Arizona

Tucson

Technical Bulletin 208

Phytoseiidae (Acarina : Mesostigmata)

Inhabiting Agricultural and Other Plants in Arizona

Donald M. Tuttle' and Martin H. Muma2

INTRODUCTION

Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae inhabit a wide variety of plants including many that are either important or potentially important to agriculture in Arizona. Phytoseiids are also known to be associated with and to feed upon injurious plant feed- ing mites of the families Tetranychi- dae, Tenuipalpidae, and Eriophyidae. In view of these facts, the authors list, diagnose and discuss, the plant inhabiting phytoseiids of the state. Specific discussions include taxonomic and systematic information, biological and ecological data, and facts and conjecture concerning their economic importance.

Several biological and ecological studies have shown that mites of this family are potentially important as biotic factors in the natural or bio- logical control of injurious plant feeding mites. McMurtry and Scriven in studies on Euseius hibisci (Chant)

(1964, 1965, 1966, 1966a and 1968)

found this predator fed more readily on some species of prey and reduced infestations of Oligonychus (Oligony- chus) punicae (Hirst). McMurtry and Scriven (1965, 1971) in similar stud- ies found that TyphZodromaZus limoni- eus (Garman and McGregor) was a larger, more voracious, more effective predator than E. hibisci, and was also capable of reducing O. punicae populations.

'Entomologist, University of Ariz- ona, Yuma Branch Station, Yuma, Arizona.

2Entomologist Emeritus, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agri- cultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida.

October 1973 21/2M

Chant (1961) showed that Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias -Henriot was capable of controlling Tetranychus (Tetrany- chus) urticae Koch under greenhouse conditions, and Bravenboer and Dosse (1962) corroborated these findings utilizing Tetranychus (Tetranychus) cinnabarinus (Boisduval) as the host. Hoyt (1969) found that GaZendromus occidentaZis (Nesbitt) limited infes- tations of Tetranychus (Armenychus) mcdanieli McGregor on apple trees in

the Pacific Northwest but had little effect on populations of AcuZus sch- Zechtendali (Nalepa), an alternate prey. Muma (1970) reported that a closely related species, Galendromus fioridanus (Muma), was capable of natural control of Eotetranychus sex - maculatus (Riley) on Florida citrus trees. On the other hand, studies to evaluate the biological control poten- tial of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten produced variable results. Collyer (1958), in insectary experiments de- termined that T. pyri was capable of holding infestations of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) on apple trees in check under certain conditions. Conversely Chant (1959) reported that T. pyri was only partly effective in control- ling P. ulmi on apple trees. However, Dosse (1960) corroborated her findings that T. pyri controlled P. ulmi on ap- ple trees in the absence of insectici- des and acaricides; Collyer (1964a) confirmed her earlier experiments that T. pyri controlled P. ulmi under or- chard conditions. Herbert (1962) found that T. pyri controlled over- wintering populations of Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson3 on apple trees under

3Bryobia arborea is a synonym of Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten).

greenhouse conditions. None of these investigations on the biological control potential of T. pyri mentioned that Her- bert (1959), Chant (1960), and Collyer (1964) had recorded apple rust mites, A.

schlechtendali and A. fockeui (Nalepa), as alternate, optimal prey for this phytoseiid and that either absence or presence and abundance of such alternate hosts may have caused for their variable results. Such experimental differences show the need for carefully controlled intensive and extensive studies of Phy- toseiid food habits prior to biological control evaluation studies.

Muma (1971) reviewed the literature on the food habits of Phytoseildae and summarized the findings at a generic level. Although his results should be considered as preliminary, owing to the often fragmentary, incomplete or incon- clusive data in his and previously reported studies, it is evident that phytoseiids are not as general in their food habits as previously believed. Species of the genus Macroseius Chant, Denmark and Baker are unquestionably obligate predators that utilize nema- todes as optimal food and anoetids as

adequate food. Those of the genus Phytoscutus Muma are acarid predators. It is probable that those of the genus Anthoseius DeLeon are pollenophagous. Species of the genus Euseius Wainstein are unquestionably pollenophagous, and facultative predators on a wide range of insects and mites. Within the genus Galendromus Muma, species of the typi- cal subgenus are known to be obligate predators utilizing tetranychids as optimal food and eriophyids as adequate or survival food, but food habits of species in the subgenus Menaseius Wainstein are unknown at present. These and other findings recorded by Muma (1971) indicate that members of phyto- seiid species -groups, subgenera and genera, particularly those inhabiting similar ecological niches, may also have similar restricted food regimens.

2

Although the phytoseiids recorded here are restricted primarily to those occupying niches on living agricultural plants, ecological or strata] confinement of genera, subgenera, or species -groups is evident. Arizona species of Proprio- seiopsis Muma are, with a single excep- tion, found on low- growing perennial herbs, annual herbs and grasses. The exception is P. solens DeLeon, a member of the arboreal dorsatus- group. It is

probable that these Arizona records rep- resent only an upward migration from ground surface debris and leaf mold, the stratum normally occupied by the genus. The single known Sonoran species of Eharius Muma and Tuttle is found almost exclusively on plants of the mint family, Labiatae, and is most common on hore- hound, Marrubium (bourn.) L., and horse mint, Monarda L. Species of the genus Neoseiulus Hughes are most commonly col- lected from low- growing perennial and annual herbs and grasses with some spe- cies more abundant on grasses and others on herbs. Some of these species are unquestionably migrants from ground sur - face litter, their normal niche. Only the fallacis species -group of Neoseiulus inhabits shrubs and trees. The genus Metaseiulus Muma is seemingly confined to various arborescent gymnosperms in

high mountain elevations. Common Ari- zona species of C,alendromus Muma, ap- parently all in the subgenus Menaseius Wainstein, inhabit large forbs, shrubs and trees. Species of the genera Che- laseius Muma and Denmark, Arrenoseius Wainstein, Typhlodromips DeLeon, Typhlo- dromina Muma, and Berethria, new genus, are not sufficiently common to evaluate in Arizona ecologically. However, stu- dies in other areas have demonstrated that Chelaseius occupies the ground surface stratum and that Typhlodromips and Typhlodromina are arboreal.

Since the primary objective of this presentation is to identify, delineate and biologically evaluate phytoseiids of potential importance to agricultural

production in Arizona the distribution of common species on important and potentially important agricultural crops in the state are presented in

Table 1. Galendromus flumenis (Chant) is by far the most abundant species; furthermore it is found regularly throughout the state on a large number of agricultural and other plants. Therefore, it should be subjected to a

series of biological and ecological studies to determine its potential as a biological control factor. Although much less common, other species could well be studied and evaluated, such as Metaseiulus vaZidus (Chant) for its

potential in the control of pests on pines; Metaseiulus nelson (Chant) for a similar potential on junipers; Galendromus pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard) for its possible relation to Arizona grass and pasture or nut production; Galendromus mexicanus for a similar relation to Arizona forestry; Neoseiulus setulus (Fox) and N. comita- tus DeLeon as possible predators of grass, row crop and field crop pests, and Eharius chergui (Athias -Henriot) to determine its functional relationship to plants of the mint family.

A knowledge of the species and populations of Arizona Phytoseiidae is,

of basic and paramount importance to the biological, ecological and control potential studies discussed above. It

is also of extreme taxonomic and zoo- geographic interest. The two new genera and 12 new species described and illus- trated herein significantly increase taxonomic information on the family. Furthermore, the included descriptions, keys and records of phytoseiids found in the state greatly supplement and complement, for zoogeographers, the data presented by Schuster and Pritchard (1963) for California; Zack (1969), Poe and Enns (1969) and Poe (1970) for Mis- souri; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon (1971) for Florida and Muma and Johnston (in press) for Ohio. Altogether 10 genera and 38 species are now known to occur in the Sonoran Desert and adjacent mountains of Arizona.

3

The mites recorded in this study were largely taken with mass -collecting techniques. Most specimens were taken by beating identified plant materials over a screened funnel to the bottom of which was attached a collecting jar filled with preservative. Some speci- mens were obtained by field collection of identified plant material in paper sacks for later processing over a modi- fied Tullgren apparatus (Haarlov 1957). A few individuals were removed from leaves in the laboratory. Collected mites were mounted in a modified Hoyer's solution on standard microscope slides, hardened for 48 to 72 hours on a slide drier, and stored horizontally.

For identification, mites were examined with a phase microscope at magnifications varying from 50x to 800x. Body length measurements were made at 100x magnification and correc- ted to the nearest 0.01 mm.; special structure measurements were made at 800x. Full dorsal and ventral illus- trations were made at 100x magnifica- tion, special structure illustrations at 400x.

The systematics and terminology used here are the same as those utili- zed by Muma, Denmark and DeLeon (1970) and Huma and Johnston (in press). To facilitate use of the keys and under- standing of the diagnoses and illustra- tions, the terminology of diagnostic characters is summarized in Plate I.

To avoid needless repetition, the fam- ily and genera are carefully diagnosed and discussed, and family and generic characters are not repeated in speci- fic diagnoses and discussions.

With the exception of types which are deposited in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., and some paratypes which are deposited in

the United States National Museum, in

the Museum of comparative Zoology, Har- vard University, Cambridge, Massachu- setts, and in the arthropod collections of the Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology

Tabla 1.

Distribution of common phytoseiids on important and potentially important agricultural crops in Arizona.

Species of Phytoseiida

P.

E.

N.

N.

N.

N.

N.

M.

M.

G.

G.

C.

Area

Crop

asetus

charqui

comitatus

gracllis

setulus

vallis

zwoelferi

validus

nelsoni

flumenis

mexicanos

pomwides

Alfalfa

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Apple

X

Bermudagrass

X

X

X

Carrot

X

Irrigation

Citrus

X

Cotton

X

X

Fig

X

Peanut

X

X

Sorghum

X

X

X

Sunflower*

X

Number of specimens

55

44

33

29

19

4

52

Barley

X

X

Brome

X

X

Fingergrass

X

Fountaingrass

.X

X

Low

Galleta

X

X

Desert

Gramagresa

X

X

X

X

Muhlygrass

X

X

Ryegrass

X

X

X

X

Three- awngrass

X

X

Joint -fir

X

X

Number of specimens

3

49

17

82

58

19

147

4

10

Ash

Bluegrass

Bristlegrass

Canarygrass

High

Chicory*

Desert

Gramagrass

Muhlygrass

Needlegrase

Paniçum

Squitrel- tailgrase

Three- awngraas

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X X

Number of specimens

2

54

17

47

24

98

3

14

Cypress

Pinyon-

Horehound*

X

X

Juniper

Juniper

Mint

X

X

X

Pine

X

X

X

X

Number of specimens

81

16

1

22

47

79

Ash

Basswood

Maple

Mountain

Oak

Pine

Sycamore

Walnut

Willow

Number of specimens

Total number

of specimens

*Potential crop plant

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

2

29

92

11

li

55

86

147

69

174

78

69

29

47

468

18

39

Section, Gainesville, Florida, all of the specimens recorded in this study are deposited in the mite collections

at the University of Arizona, Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Yuma Branch Station, Yuma, Arizona.

FAMILY PHYTOSEIIDAE

Mesostigmatid mites of the mono - gynaspid family Phytoseiidae are characterized by a two -tined palpai apotele, complete chelate chelicerae, undifferentiated hypostomal setae, a

smooth or indistinctly serrate epi- stome (tectum of some authors), a qua- drate sternum with 2 to 5 pairs of lat- eral setae and 1 to 3 pairs of lateral pores, an entire or transversely divi- ded dorsal scutum provided with less than 24 pairs of setae, 1 to 3 pairs of sublateral setae, peritremes extend- ing anteriorly from the mesolateral stigmata, a ventral anus, and cursorial type legs provided with pretarsi and ambulacra. Females have the genital

pore protected by an anterior membrane of the genital scutum, the genital scu- tum with one pair of lateral setae and more or less truncate posteriorly, a

pair of spermathecae that open between the coxae of legs III and IV, a quadrate, elongate or pentagonal ventrianal scutum provided with 1 to 5 pairs of preanal setae in addition to the para -anal and postanal setae, 1 to 5 pairs of ventro- lateral setae and a pair of caudal setae. Males have cheliceral spermato- dactyls, the genital pore protected by the anterior margin of the sternal scu- tum, a shield -shaped ventrianal scutum provided with 3 to 6 pairs of preanal setae and one pair of caudal setae.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES (2) AND GENERA (10) OF PHYTOSEIIDAE

FOUND IN ARIZONA

(Females)

1. Four pairs of lateral setae well anterior to D3; 4 or 5 pairs of dorsal setae; discrete usually well- sclerotized ventral scuta; medium -sized phytoseiids (body length 260p to 460p - mean 340p) that feed on insects, mites and pollen in and on ground surface litter, stored products, and plants

Subfamily Amblyseiinae 2

la. Five pairs of lateral setae well anterior to D3; 4 pairs of dorsal setae; ventral scuta frequently weakly -sclerotized and obscure; small phytoseiids (body length 200p to 430p - mean 3100 that feed on mites, pollen, and leaf hairs on plants

Subfamily Phytoseiinae 7

5

2. Three pairs of dorsal setae; peritremal scutum with an ectal strip that extends posteriorly to leg IV exopodal scutum

Genus Proprioseiopsis Muma

2a. Four or 5 pairs of dorsal setae; peritremal scutum without an ectal strip extending posteriorly to leg IV exopodal scutum 3

3. Five pairs of dorsal setae; ven- trianal scutum massive, much wider than expanded genital scutum

Genus Arrenoseius Wainstein

3a. Four pairs of dorsal setae; ven- trianal scutum normal, narrower or only slightly wider than normal, truncate genital scutum 4

4. Sublateral setae on dorsal scutum; ventrianal scutum with 1 or 2

pairs of preanal setae; peritreme short, not extending forward beyond leg III; chelicerae essentially edentate

Genus Eharius, new genus

4a. Sublateral setae not on dorsal scu- tum; ventrianal scutum with 3 pairs of preanal setae; peritreme long, extending forward to or beyond leg I; chelicerae distinctly dentate-- -

5

5. Chelicerae massive; leg I with erect tarsal seta; M3, Ll, L4 and L8 elongate and whip -like --Genus Chelaseius Muma and Denmark

5a. Chelicerae small to normal; leg I

without erect tarsal seta; M3, Ll, L4 and L8 not elongate and whip- like 6

6. Sternum as wide as or wider than long; macrosetae present on legs III and 11 and sometimes on leg t --

Genus TyphZodromips DeLeon

6a. Sternum longer than wide; macrose- tae not present on legs III, II or

1 Genus rleoseiulus Hughes

7. Sternum entire and with 3 pairs of setae; ventrianal scutum penta- gonal and with 4 pairs of preanal setae; spermathecae saccular with U- shaped valve

Genus Berethria, new genus

7a. Sternum fragmented at posterior - ectal angles into an additional pair of metasternal scuta which may be adjacent to or separated from sternum but sternum with 2

pairs of setae (exception T. gramina 8

8. Eight pairs of lateral setae; 2

pairs of sublateral setae Genus TyphZodromina Muma

8a. Nine pairs of lateral setae; 1

pair of sublateral setae 9

9. Ventrianal scutum vase- shaped with 3 pairs of preanal setae; species found on montane gymnosperms

Metaseiulus Muma

9a. Ventrianal scutum variable with 4

pairs of preanal setae; species ubiquitous GaZendromus Muma

SUBFAMILY AMBLYSEIINAE MUMA

Amblyseiinae Muma, 1961:273; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:225; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:22.

Phytoseiinae Berlese, Chant, 1965:359 (in part).

Phytoseiidae with an undivided dorsal scutum, 2 to 5 pairs of dorsal setae, 1 to 3 pairs of median setae, 3

or 4 pairs of lateral setae well ante- rior to D3, normally 7 or 8 total; 1 to 3 pairs of sublateral setae on females; 1 to 3 pairs of preanal ventrianal setae; 3 to 5 pairs of ventrolateral setae; and 1 to 3 macrosetae on leg IV.

Males have fragmented or entire ventri- anal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of ven- trianal setae, and usually 2 pairs of sublateral setae with both on the dorsal scutum.

6

TYPE GENUS: Amblyseius Berlese, 1915.

DIAGNOSIS: Medium -sized phyto- seiids, usually with undivided dorsal scutum, and 3 or 4, usually 4, pairs of anterior lateral setae well anterior to D3.

DISCUSSION: In this subfamily the sternal scuta have 2 pairs of laterally located, distinctively reinforced pores. Since they are always present these pores have been omitted from the illustrations of species of this subfamily.

Dorsal scutal pores also have been largely omitted from Amblyseiinae illus- trations. A few unusually large or otherwise distinctive pores have been indicated, but small or indistinct pores have been omitted purposely to avoid errors. Many, if not all, dorsal scu- tal setae on Amblyseiinae have associated pores, but they are indistinct or invisi- ble on certain specimens at presently obtainable magnifications.

GENUS PROPRTOSETOPSTS MUMA

Proprioseiopsis Muma, 1961:277 (type only); Muma and Denmark, 1968:231; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:32.

Amblyseiulus Muma, 1961:278; DeLeon, 1966:83.

Amblyseius Berlese, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:255 (in part); Chant, 1965:371 (in part).

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characteri- zed by 3 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae, some elongate and weakly plumose; 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal setae.

Dorsal scutum well -sclerotized and usually smooth except for indistinct lu-

nate areas on most species. Sternal scutum as wide or wider than long with straight or concave posterior margin; most species have the sternum creased to reticulate. Ventrianal scutum shield- shaped to pentagonal and creased or reticulate with preanal pores. Peri- treme long, extending forward to or between vertical setae. Peritremal scu- tum with an ectal strip that extends posteriorly to leg IV exopodal scutum. Chelicerae normal with the fixed fingers provided with 3 to 14 denticules and the movable fingers with 0 to 4 denticules, Leg formula usually 1423 with leg 1

slightly to distinctly longer but with- out macrosetae, except on P. macrosetae

7

(Numa) and P. gracilisetae (Muma). Sge II and Sge III present on some species. All species have Sge IV, Sti IV, and St

IV.

Males smaller than females but otherwise similar. Spermatodactyl of usual form with foot terminal and heel and lateral process obscure to dis- tinct; the lateral process is frequen- tly elongate. Ventrianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of preanal setae and a pair of preanal pores.

TYPE SPECIES: Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) terrestris Chant, 1959, by designation (Muma 1961).

DISCUSSION: This genus includes at least 40 known species, most of which are readily grouped by sperma- thecal shape and dorsal setal length. Two unusual species are recognized: P. macrosetae (Muma) lacks the ectal peritremal scutal strip, has a unique spermatheca, and leg 1 is much longer than usual and is provided with macro - setae; P. gracilisetae (Muma) has elongate macrosetae on all legs and an unusual poculiform spermatheca.

Most species of Proprioseiopsis are found in ground surface litter or on grass, herbs, or vines; but the

dorsatus- group, which includes 5 species with several Amblyseius -like characters, is arboreal.

This genus is worldwide in distri- bution. Nine species have been collected on plants in Arizona.

Key to ProprNioseiopsie Muma found on plants in Arizona

(Females)

Spermathecae poculiform or saccu- lar; leg 1 without genual macro - 'seta or erect tarsal seta--- - - - - --

2

la. Spermathecae broadly fundibuliform with elongate atrium; leg 1 with genual macroseta and erect tarsal seta; preanal pores located behind posterior preanal setae

P. solens (DeLeon)

2. Spermathecae poculiform with short nodular atrium; legs II and III

with genual macroseta clausae -group 3

2a. Spermathecae saccular with elon- gate atrium; legs II and III with or without genual macroseta 5

3. L2 only slightly longer than L3;

L4 short; M3 shorter than L8; dor- sal scutum creased laterally; pre - anal pores ellipitcal and variable in position P. asetus (Chant)

3a. L2 2 to 3 times longer than L3; L4

long 4

4. Dorsal scutum smooth or clear; metasternal scuta oblate

P. temperus Muma and Johnston

4a. Dorsal scutum imbricate posterior- ly; metasternal scuta elongate--- -

P. marrubiae, new species

5. Dorsal setae, Ml and some lateral setae subequal in length; sperma- thecae only slightly longer than wide P. poculus, new species

5a. Dorsal setae and Ml much shorter than any lateral setae; sperma- thecae 1 to 3 times longer than wide rotundus -group 6

6. L5 much longer than M2; preanal pores large, elliptical and adja- cent P. exopodalis (Kennett)

6a. L3 subequal with or only slightly longer than M2; preanal pores

small, punctate and widely spaced 7

7. L3 less than half as long as L2;

spermathecae saccular but strongly flared internally

P. fragariae (Kennett)

8

7a. L3 at least half as long as L2;

spermathecae not strongly flared internally 8

8. M2 and L5 elongate and much longer than L6 and L7

P. circulus, new species

8a. M2 and 15 elongate but subequal with L6 and L7 --P. rotundus (Muma)

Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant)

Plate II

TyphZodromus (Amblyseius) asetus Chant,

1959:50.

Amblyseiulus asetus, Muma, 1961:278.

Amblyseiulus putncmri, Muma, 1964:16 (misidentification).

Amblyseiulus asetus, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:243.

Proprioseiopsis asetus, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:44.

DIAGNOSIS: This pale brown, moderately- sclerotized species is dis- tinguished from other members of the clausae -group by having the dorsal scutum slightly creased laterally, 14 short and only slightly longer than Ll, M3 distinctly shorter than L8, L3

slightly smaller than L2, elongate slender metasternal scuta, the preanal- pores located between the posterior preanal setae, and the spermatodactyl L- shaped with the lateral process near the heel.

ARIZONA HABITATS: A common species from bermudagrass in southern Arizona and particularly in Yuma County seed fields. It occurs throughout the year and is probably more abundant in litter than on the plants. Since several specimens were collected from the stems and leaves it is possible that it could be a predator of Banks grass mite,

Oligonychus (Reckielia) pratensis (Banks). Several specimens were also taken on alfalfa and evening primrose.

DISCUSSION: The preanal pores on Arizona specimens have a tendency to be elliptical in shape and variable in

position but otherwise the species appears to be conspecific with the spe- cies in Florida, Ohio and California.

Since Arizona records are primarily from bermudagrass and since the species is known to inhabit ground surface lit- ter in other areas it will probably be found to be a common litter species in

the state. Nothing is known otherwise about the ecology or biology of P.

asetus. Although it may be primarily a predator of organic matter decomposers it is not improbable that it will be found to be a biological control agent of agricultural pests on bermudagrass.

Proprioseiopsis circulus, new species

Plate II

DIAGNOSIS: Although this species is closely related to P. ovatus (Garman), P. rotundus (Muma), and P. cannaensis (Muma) it is easily distinguished by the fine, elongate nearly subequal M2 and L5 which are distinctly longer than L6 and L7. When additional specimens become available, measurements of spermathecae and spermatodactyls may also prove useful.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length excluding chelicerae, 441u; width 315u. A species of the rotundus -group characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 7 to 10

on Plate II.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from fescue, Festuca arizonica Vasey, Big Lake, Arizona, August 4, 1966, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

9

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species has been taken from Festuca arizonica Vasey, I,upinus kingii Wets., and Gnaphaliwn vrightii Gray in Apache County above 5000 feet during July and August. It has also been found on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermuda- grass) and Burnes crispus L. in Yuma County from April through November.

DISCUSSION: Too little is known about P. circuZus at this time for an evaluation of its biology, ecology or biological control potential.

Proprioseiopsis exopodalis (Kennett), new combination

Plate iI

Amblyseius exopodalis Kennett, 1958: Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:250.

Typhiodromus (AmbZyseius) exopodalis, Chant, 1959:90.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is

readily distinguished from other Arizona species of the rotundus-group by having L2 distinctly longer than L3, L5 much longer than M2, and large distinct pre - anal pores located between and just behind the posterior preanal setae. It

seems to be closely related to P. fragariae (Kennett) from which it can be segregated by its generally shorter setae, proportionately narrow sperma- thecae and narrower genital and ventri- anal scuta.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Nearly all specimens were collected from plants at 4000 to 8000 feet from several areas of the state during February, July and August. The various plants included: Ambrosia psiiostachya DC., Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Corydalis aurea Wi11d., Cucurbita foetidissima H. B. K., Cupressus

sempervirens L., Mentha spicata L., ilepeta cataria L., Oenothera hookeri Torr. & Gray, Penstemon virgatus Gray, Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC., Plantago lanceolata L., litter of Pinus ponderosa Lawson, Solidago altissima L., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, and Setaria maerostachya H. B. K.

DISCUSSION: Arizona specimens of this species have larger, more ellipti- cal pores than those on the species in

California but seem to be conspecific with material compared with the type.

Since this species is found abun- dantly on grasses and herbs in both California and Arizona and has been commonly taken from ground surface lit- ter in California it will probably also prove to be a litter form in Arizona. It appears to be a montane species but nothing is known about its biology and ecology. It is sufficiently common to be worthy of biological control specu- lation and investigation.

Proprioseiopsis fragariae (Kennett), new combination

Plate III

Amblyseius fragariae Kennett, 1958:475.

Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) fragariae, Chant, 1960:89.

Amblyseiuslus fragariae, Muma, 1961:278.

DIAGNOSIS: This species can be distinguished from the apparently closely related, P. exopodalis, by generally longer setae, more massive genital and ventrianal scuta, propor- tionately wider spermatheca, and longer lateral process on the spermatodactyl. The same characters can be used to sepa- rate it from P. rotundus except the lat- ter species has a longer lateral process on the spermatodactyl and M2 and L5

nearly equal in length.

10

ARIZONA HABITATS: All collected specimens are from curly -leaf dock, Rumex crispus L., during April at Yuma.

DISCUSSION: This is apparently a common litter form in California and probably occurs in this stratum in

Arizona. Our records are not sufficient to evaluate biologically or ecologically.

Proprioseiopsis marrubiae, new species

Plate III

DIAGNOSIS: This species is easily distinguished from other species of the clausae -group by a combination of three characters, L2 and L3 slender, L2 dis- tinctly longer than L3, and posterior half of dorsal scutum imbricate. SI,

S2, 16 and L7 are all in ventral posi- tion. It seems to be closely related to P. temperellus Denmark and Muma and P. temperus Muma and Johnston but neither of these species have imbrica- tion of the dorsal scutum.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 371p; width 231p. A species of the clausae -group characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 23, 24 and 26 on Plate III.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from horehound, Marrubium vulgare L., Sedona, Arizona, February 28, 1963, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been collected from Marrubium vulgare L. (a

mint, horehound) at Sedona in February. A single specimen was taken on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass) at Tucson in August.

DISCUSSION: This species is not sufficiently common to be evaluated biologically and ecologically.

Proprioseiopsis poculus, new species

Plate III

DIAGNOSIS: This is the second known species of the tubulus -group of the genus. It is distinguished from P. tubulus (Muma) by the imbricate dorsal scutum except for the hexagonal area, the short Ll, L4, M2, and L8, and the more heavily sclerotized spermathecae. The generically important ectal strip of the peritremal scutum is

faint or absent on this species.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 360p; width 248p. A species of the tubuaus -group characterized in the key, diagnosis and figures 28 to 31 on Plate III.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from western yarrow, Achillea lanulosa Nutt., Greer, Arizona, July 23, 1965, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been taken from a few plants in northern Arizona during July and August including: Achil- Zea ZanuZosa Nutt., Alopercurus aequatis Sobol., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers., Potentilla hippiana Lehm., and Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D.

Don.

DISCUSSION: This species is not sufficiently common to evaluate biologi- cally or ecologically.

Proprioseiopsis rotundus (Muma)

Plate IV

Amblyseiulus rotundus Muma, 1961:279.

Proprioseiopsis rotundus, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:36.

DIAGNOSIS: This species of the ovatus -group is distinguished by the

11

longer, more slender spermathecae, com- paratively longer lateral process of the spermatodactyl, and proportionately longer L3 from the closely related P. ovatus (Garman), P. cannaensis (huma) and P. circulus, new species. Compara- tive lengths of L2 and L3, and M2 and L5 distinguish it from P. Zindquisti (Schuster and Pritchard), P. fragariae (Kennett), and P. exopodalis (Kennett).

ARIZONA HABITATS: P. rotundus occurs on low- growing plants, particu- larly grasses, from several areas of Arizona from April through September. It has been collected on Amorpha fruti- cosa L., Aristida adscensionis L., Ambrosia psilostachya DC., Boute loua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins, Chenopo- dium leptophyllun Nutt., Convolvulus arvensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.)

Pers., Gnaphalium wrightii Gray, Hyme- nopappus Zugens Greene, Hystrix patula Moench, Lycurus phZeoides H.B.K., Monarda menthaefolia Graham, Plantago Zanceolata L., ex sparrow next, ex sticky board traps, and Tridens pul- chellus (H.B.K.) Hitchcock.

DISCUSSION: As stated by Muma (1964), this species may later prove to be a synonym of P. ovatus. On the other hand Muma and Denmark (1969) have demon- strated that P. rotundus and P. cannae- nsis are closely related siblings and ovatus may be a third sibling as indi- cated by Muma and Johnston (in press).

This species was described from fescue in Oregon but is common in litter in Florida. Although it is recorded here from grasses and low- growing herbs, it probably invades plants from the litter when food is scarce in the latter stra- tum. It is therefore doubtful that it

will prove to be of agricultural impor-. tance unless, of course, it is found to be a major predator of organisms that reduce organic materials.

Proprioseiopsis solens (DeLeon)

Plate IV

Amblyseiulus solens DeLeon, 1962:17; Muma, 1964:18.

Proprioseiopsis solens, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:49.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is distin- guished from P. dorsatus (Muma) of the dorsatus-group by having the preanal pores located behind the posterior pair of preanal setae, M3 only slightly longer than one -half the length of L8, accessory pores on the peritremal and stigmatal scuta, and a more heavily sclerotized dorsal scutum. It has not been compared with P. elongatus (Garman).

ARIZONA HABITATS: The only record was from Galium wrightii Gray.

DISCUSSION: This species may later prove to be synonymous with P. elongatus.

In Florida and Ohio this species is

relatively common on a number of trees and shrubs and in the litter under these plants. It was also taken in can traps in Florida. Since it is not common in

Arizona it is possible that the species is not well adapted to desert or moun- tain habitats. Food habits and other biological data are not available for the species.

Proprioseiopsis temperus Muma and Johnston

Plate IV

Proprioseiopsis temperus Muma and Johnston, (in press).

DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely related to P. temperellus (Denmark and Muma) in the clausae-group of the genus. It is distinguished from that species by

having the preanal pores located behind the posterior preanal setae, 12 more than 3 times as long as L3, M3, and L8

12

much longer than L4 and a much larger pore associated with M3. The lack of dorsal scutal imbrication and the relative lengths of 12 and L3, M3 and L8, and leg IV macrosetae distinguish it from other species of the clausae- group.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were collected in northern Arizona during June, July and August from Antennaria arida E. Nels., Aristida adseensionis L., Festuca arizonica Vasey, Helianthus annuus L., Potentilla hippiana Lehm. It also occurred on Senecio longilobus Benth. at Portal in August.

DISCUSSION: This species was previously known only from the type collected in Ohio.

it is not sufficiently common to evaluate biologically or ecologically.

GENUS CHELASEIUS MUMA AND DENMARK

Chelaseius Muma and Denmark, 1968:232, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:59.

DIAGNOSIS: Females of this genus are characterized by 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae with some elongate and whip -like; 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal ven- trianal setae.

The dorsal scutum is lightly to moderately sclerotized and smooth except for indistinct lunate areas. Sternal scutum smooth except for lateral creases and wider than long. Ventrianal scutum pentagonal. Peritreme long, extending forward to between vertical setae. Peri- tremal and stigmatal scuta indisting- uishable. Chelicerae very large in pro- portion to the body size; fixed finger with 2 to 4 denticules, and a basal piZus dentilis; movable finger with no

denticules. Leg formula 1423; legs I,

iI, and IIi with macroseta on genu,

leg 1 with an erect seta on tarsus, and leg IV with Sge IV, Sti IV, and St

IV with Sge IV always longest.

Males are smaller than females, but similar. Spermatodactyl with

terminal foot, obscure heel, and distinct lateral process; the tip of

the toe is brightly lighted under

phase microscopy. Ventrianal scutum

with 3 pairs of preanal ventrianal setae and a pair of pores. Both pairs of sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum.

TYPE SPECIES: Amblyseiopsis floridanus Muma, 1955, by designation (Muma and Denmark )968).

DISCUSSION: This genus presently

contains 5 species C. floridanus (Muma) , C. vicinus (Muma) , C. austreZ- Zus (Athias -Henriot), C. schusterellus (Athias -Henriot), and an undescribed Species from forest litter in South

Carolina. CheZaseius is closely related to Amblyseius Berlese from which it is readily distinguished by

the large, sparsely dentate chelicerae,

basal pilus dentilis, and terminal foot of the spermatodactyl.

This genus is worldwide in dis-

tribution. it is recorded from

Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Cali-

fornia, and now Arizona in the United

States. Only 1 species is known from

Arizona.

All species have been collected

primarily from forest floor litter,

so the food habits are unknown. How-

ever, the large chelicerae suggest

that members of the genus feed on

large or hard -bodied arthropods.

CheZaseius floridanus (Muma

Plate V

13

Amblyseiopsis floridanus Muma, 1955a:264.

Amblyseius floridanus, Athias -Henriot,

1958:33; Muma, Metz and Farrier,

1967:202.

Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) floridanus, Chant, 1959:85.

Amblyseius (Amblyseius) floridanus, Muma, 1961:287, Muma, 1964:22.

CheZaseius floridanus, Muma and Denmark, 1968 :233; Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:59; Muma and Johnston (in

press).

DIAGNOSIS: This moderately - sclerotized, pale brown species resem- bles C. vicinus (Muma) from which it

is distinguished by its large size,

longer M3 and L8, shorter wider sperma-

thecae and small spermadactyl toe.

Since no other species of the genus is

known to occur in Arizona the generic characters should serve to identify it

here.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were collected during August from Echino- cereus triglochidiatus Engelm. in

Yavapai County and at Portal on Gaura gracilis i400t. E. Stand]. and Senecio sp.

DISCUSSION: Since this species is reportedly common in leaf mold and ground surface litter in Florida (Muma

1964 and 1968, and Muma, Denmark and DeLeon 1970), and California (Schuster and Pritchard 1963), the Arizona records from plants unquestionably represent vertical movement of the species owing to population pressure or food scarcity. Muma (1964) noted a

similar movement in citrus groves. Although its food habits are presently unknown there can be no question that it preys upon litter reducing organisms and may be ecologically important with the stratum.

GENUS EHARIUS, new genus TYPE SPECIES: Amblyseius chergui Athias -Henriot, 1960, by monotypy.

Amblyseius, Athias- Henriot, 1960:239; Wainstein, 1962:14 Chant, 1965:371; Athias -Henriot, 1966:223; Van der Merwe, 1968:109. (in part)

DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ized by 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 3 pairs of median setae; 7 pairs of lateral setae (seta normally associated with M3 absent) with only 18 weakly plumose; 2 pairs of

sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum, 2

pairs of sternal setae (third'pair on as-

sociated platelets); a variable inconsis- tent number (1, 2, or 3 paired or unpaired) of preanal setae; 2 to 4 pairs of ventro- lateral setae (depending on number of se- tae on ventrianal scutum); and a pair of weakly plumose caudal setae.

Males and females both small and

eviphiid -like in appearance with the stri- ate and indistinctly lunate dorsal scutum

covering the dorsum and part of the venter; the clunal setae are located on the ven- tral surface. Female sternal scutum stri- ate, much longer than wide, and medially produced posteriorly. Female genital scutum striate, large (as wide or wider than sternal and ventrianal scuta), and somewhat enlarged posteriorly. Female ventrianal scutum pentagonal but narrowed anteriorly and provided with a pair of preanal pores. Peritreme wide but short, not extending anteriorly beyond the coxae of leg Ill. Peritremal and stigmata] scuta indistinguishable with 1 elliptical and 2 punctate accessory pores. Female metapodal scuta normal. Chelicerae small and edentate except for 1 to 3 minute apical denticules on fixed finger. Leg formula 4123 with legs very short and stocky; legs without macrosetae.

Males are smaller than, but similar to, females. Ventrianal scutum with 3

or 4 pairs of preanal setae and a pair of preanal pores. Sublateral setae on dor- sal scutum. Spermatodactyl with terminal foot, distinct heel and distinct lateral process.

14

DISCUSSION: This genus contains only one tiny, distinctive species. Both Muma (1961) and Muma and Denmark (1968) overlooked this genus in their generic treatments of the family.

The type species of the genus, described from Algiers in North Africa, is here recorded from the Sonoran des- ert in Arizona, and from the Great Basin

Desert in Utah.

Most of the specimens collected to date have been from the genera Marrubium (Tourn.) L., and Monarda L.

of the mint family Labiatae.

Eharius chergui (Athias -Henriot), new combination

Plate V

Amblyseius chergui Athias- Henriot, 1960 :289; Athias- Henriot, 1966:223.

DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the only species in the genus it can be identi- fied by the generic characters. How- ever, discrepancies between the above description and those of Mme. Athias - Henriot should be elucidated. The striations of the dorsal scutum do not extend beyond M3 on most specimens. Most specimens have SI and S2 on the ventral extension of the dorsal scutum. Lastly, the sternum is medially produ- ced on all specimens we have seen. This species is extremely difficult to mount and observe so artifacts and errors are to be expected in description and illus-

tration.

ARIZONA HABITATS: A majority of the specimens collected in Arizona are from species of the mint family found in the pinyon pine -juniper life zone. These and other records were Artemisia frigida Willd., Elymus canadensis L.,

Fraxinus velutina var. glabra Rehder, Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) Gray, ifarrubizvn vu large L., Mentha arvensis L. , ° onarda menthaefoiia Graham, and Phoradendron coryae Tre 1 .

It occurred most frequently on tlarrubium vulgare L. in northern Arizona during July and August.

DISCUSSION: North American repre- sentatives of this species were origin- ally thought to be a new species but comparisons with paratype and topotype material from North Africa proved them to be conspecific.

The unusual restriction of this genus to species of the mint family is

an enigma. Predators are usually not host -plant specific. For this reason food habits, life cycle and life his- tory studies on this mite may prove to be of great scientific and economic importance. The latter because members of the mint family are already produced agriculturally in some areas for their essential oils and may be a potential agricultural crop in Arizona.

GENUS ARRF,NSSFIUS WAINSTEIN

Typhiodromus (Amblyseius), Chant, 1960:136. (in part)

Amblyseius, Chant, 1965:371; Van der Merwe, 1968:109.

Arrenoseius Wainstein, 1962:12.

DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ized by 5 pairs of dorsal setae; 3 pairs of median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae (most gradually increasing in length pos- teriorly), 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the interscutal membrane, 3 pairs of sternal setae, 3 pairs of ventrianal setae, 3 pairs of ventrolateral setae, and a pair of caudal setae.

Dorsal scutum well -sclerotized and faintly punctate. Sternal scutum wider

15

than long, reticulate and excavated posteriorly. Genital scutum creased and greatly expanded posteriorly. Ven- trianal scutum massive, reticulate, shield- shaped and with a pair of pre - anal pores. Peritreme large and exten- ding forward to verticals. Peritremal scutum distinct from stigmata] scutum and extending to leg IV exopodal scutum; accessory pore distinct and round. Che- licerae normal in size and edentate or finely serrate (Chant, 1960a, reported the fixed finger multidentate). Leg formula 4123; legs I, II, and III with- out macrosetae, leg IV with St IV

distinct.

Males distinctly smaller than females but otherwise similar. Sublat- eral setae on dorsal scutum. Ventri- anal scutum with 3 pairs of preanal setae and a pair of preanal pores. Spermatodactyl of usual form with foot sub -terminal and distinct heel, toe and lateral process.

TYPE SPECIES: Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) palustris Chant (1960) by designation (Wainstein 1962).

DISCUSSION: This genus is pre- sently known only by the type species. It was described from California and is here recorded from Arizona.

Most California records are from soil or soil surface litter with isola- ted records from Prunus domesticus L., and moss. Our records from plants are probably casual.

Arrenoseius palustris (Chant)

Plate V

Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) palustris Chant, 1960:136.

Amblyseius palustris, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:237; Van der Merwe, 1968:114.

Arrenoseius palustris, Wainstein, 1962:12.

DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the only species of the genus, the generic characters serve to identify it. It

should be noted, however, that both Chant (1960a) and Schuster and Pritchard (1963) record the chelicerae as multi - dentate; Arizona specimens are edentate or very finely serrate. Our specimens exhibit the same variation in the number of D5 as reported by Chant (1960). Also the dorsal scutum is faintly punctate.

ARIZONA HABITATS: A few. specimens were collected during July and August in Apache County from Lupinus argenteus Pursh., Polemonium foliosissimum Gray, Potentilla fruticosa L., and Sidalcea neomexicanus Gray.

DISCUSSION: Although Chant (1965) and Van der Merwe (1968) did not believe that this species varied sufficiently from Amblyseius Berlese sensu Zato to merit generic status, we believe that it does. A number of characters can be cited. This species lacks the erect tarsal I seta of AmbZyseius; it also lacks macrosetae on legs II and III and Sge IV and Sti IV which are consistently present on Amblyseius, sensu stricto. furthermore Amblyseius has only 4 pairs of dorsal setae; the genital scutum not expanded posteriorly, a small pentagonal ventrianal scutum and undifferentiated peritremal and stigmata] scuta.

This species is not sufficiently common in either Arizona or California, either on plants or in soil surface litter, to warrant biological or ecological evaluations.

GENUS TYPHLODROMIPS DELEON

Typhlodromopsis DeLeon, 1959a:133 (in

part, not typical species).

Typhlodromips DeLeon, 1965:23; Muma, 1965:250; DeLeon, 1966:93.

16

DIAGNOSIS: Females are charac- terized by it pairs of dorsal setae, 3

pairs of median setae with M3 usually stout and serrate or plumose, 8 pairs of lateral setae with L8 usually lon- ger than others and stout and serrate or plumose, 2 pairs of sublateral se- tae on the interscutal memberane, 3

pairs of sternal setae, 3 pairs of preanal, ventrianal setae.

Chelicerae normal in size in

proportion to the body. Fixed finger of chelicerae usually with 8 or more denticules, several of which lie proxi- mal to the pilus dentilis. Sternum as wide as or wider than long and with a straight or concave posterior margin. Peritreme long, extending forward to or between the vertical setae. Peri- tremal scutum almost indistinguishably fused with stigmata] scutum and leg IV

exopodal scutum. Ventrianal scutum pentagonal to shield -shaped. Macrose- tae are usually present on the genu and occasionally on the tibia of legs I, II, and III; leg IV has Sge IV, Sti IV, and St IV, with the latter usually longest. Additional elongate, thick- ened or otherwise modified setae occur on some species. Leg formula 1423 to 1432.

Males are smaller than but simi- lar to females, except that the sub - lateral setae are on the dorsal scutum. Ventrianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of preanal setae. Spermatodactyl with typical terminal foot, distinct heel, and distinct to obscure lateral process.

TYPE SPECIES: TyphZodromopsis simplicissimus DeLeon, 1959, by desig- nation, DeLeon (1965).

DISCUSSION: This is a large genus represented by at least 50 known spe- cies. TyphZodromips is most readily distinguished from the closely related Neoseiulus Hughes by proportions of the

sternum, greater number of cheliceral denticules, and prsence of macrosetae on legs I, II, and III. It differs from Typhlodromalus Muma in the form of the sternal and ventrianal scuta and in the development of the spermatodactyl.

There is some variation among the species of this genus in peritremal, cheliceral, dorsal setal and leg setal characters. It is also possible that further study will indicate either a complex of genera, or this genus will have to be synonymized with Neoseiulus.

This genus is worldwide in dis- tribution. Three species are recorded from Arizona.

Key to Typhlodromips DeLeon inhabiting plants in Arizona

1. Spermathecal cervix poculiform - - --2

la. Spermathecal cervix elongate fundi- buliform; Sti III and St Ill absent

Typhlo- dromips tornadus Muma and Johnston

2. Sti III and St III present; dorsal scutum distinctly imbricate

Typhlo- dromips ZateraZis, new species

2a. Sti III and St III absent; dorsal scutum weakly imbricate anteriorly

Typhlodromips kennetti (Schuster and Pritchard)'

TyphZodromips kennetti (Schuster and Pritchard), new combination

Plate VI

Amblyseius kennetti Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:265.

DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the cha- racters cited in the key above this spe- cies is distinguished from other species of the genus by the absence of dentition on the movable cheliceral finger and the

17

generally shorter dorsal scutal setae. Also L2 and L3 are distinctly shorter than LI, and L4, M2 and L5 are short and leg IV macrosetae St IV are longest. The poculiform spermathecae are also distinctive.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens col- lected at McNary during July on Populus tremuloides Michx.

DISCUSSION: Since only a few spe- cimens of this species have been collec- ted in Arizona it cannot be evaluated biologically or ecologically.

Typhlodromips ZateraZis, new species

Plate VI

DIAGNOSIS: The strong lateral setae with L2 and L3 only slightly smaller than LI and L4, the lack of macrosetae on leg 1, the location of the preanal ventrianal pores behind the posterior pair of preanal setae, the reduced cheliceral dentition, and the poculiform spermatheca cervix with nodular atrium distinguish this species from all other members of the genus except T. kennetti, from which it is

distinguished in the key.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, exclu- ding chelicerae, 420p; width 308u. A unique species characterized in the key, diagnosis and figures 67 to 71 on Plate VI.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype was collected from a sedge, Carex simu- lata MacKenz., McNary, Arizona, July 24, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, and deposited in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species was collected from Carex simulata MacKenz. at McNary during July.

DISCUSSION: This species is not sufficiently common to evaluate biologi- cally or ecologically.

TUphlodromips tornadus Munia and Johnston

Plate VI

T1phZodromips tornadus Munia and Johnston,

in press.

DIAGNOSIS: Females of this species

are distinguished by the presence of macrosetae on the genu of legs I, II and

III; by having M3 and L8 elongate, plu-

mose and subequal in size; by having the

preanal, ventrianal pores located behind

the widely -spaced posterior preanal setae; and by having fundibuliform inter-

nally flared spermathecal crevices with

indistinct atria.

Males have the same general facies

as females, 3 pairs of preanal ventri- anal setae and a subterminal spermato-

dactyl with an obscure heel.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were

collected in Apache County during July

and August from Artemi,sia bi0elovii Gray,

PopuZus tremuboides Michx., and Salix, exigua Nutt.

DISCUSSION: Males are diagnosed

here for the first time.

This species is uncommon and cannot

be evaluated biologically and ecologi-

cally.

GENUS NFOSEIUI1US HUGHES

Neoseiuius Hughes, 1948:141; DeLeon,

1965 :23; Muma and Denmark, 1963 :235.

T jphlodromus (Typhiodromop sis) DeLeon,

1959a:133 (in part).

Cydnodromus Muma, 1961:290; Muma,

1967:273.

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized by 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 3 pairs of

median setae, 8 pairs of lateral setae

18

that are subequal in length or in

general slightly longer posteriorly; 2 pairs of sublateral setae on the

interscutal membrane; 3 pairs of

sternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal

ventrianal setae.

Chelicerae small in proportion to

body size, fixed finger with 4 to 8

denticules. Sternal scutum as long as

or longer than wide with a straight or

concave posterior margin. Peritreme

long, extending forward to level of LI

or vertical setae. Peritremal scutum

indistinguishably fused with stigmata]

scutum, but sometimes separated from

the leg IV exopodal scutum by a faint

suture. Ventrianal scutum elongate pentagonal or shield-shaped to nearly

quadrate. There are no distinguish- able macrosetae on legs I, II, and

III, but St IV is nearly always pre-

sent and Sti IV and Sge IV are present on some species.

Males are smaller than, but simi-

lar to, females except that the sub -

lateral setae are on the dorsal scutum. Ventrianal scutum with 3 pairs of pre -

anal setae. Spermatodactyl of usual

type with a short broad shank, terminal

heel or foot, and distinct to obscure lateral process. The males of some

species- groups have the dorsal scutal

pore behind 1.4 greatly enlarged.

TYPE SPECIES: Neoseiulus harkeri Hughes, 1948, by designation.

DISCUSSION: This genus, as recog-

nized here, agrees in most repects with the interpretations of Athias -Henriot

(1957) and DeLeon (1965). Nesbitt

(1951) and Chant (1959 and 1965) define the genus differently, and their inter- pretation is not recognized here. Muma

(1967) and Muma and Denmark (1968) have

discussed this problem.

This genus is represented by sev- eral rather distinct species - groups. A

group of semi- arboreal species, including

N. fallacis (Garman), umbraticus (Chant), and cucumeris (Oudemans) have 3 macrosetae on leg IV, sterna scarcely longer than wide and pentagonal ventri- anal scuta. A group of palm and grass inhabiting species, including N. paspa- iivorus (DeLeon) and mutuai (Denmark) have 1 macroseta on leg IV (St IV),

sterna much longer than wide, and quadrate ventrianal scuta.

One unique species, N. interfolius (DeLeon), also has additional, thick- ened, elongate setae on leg IV tibia and tarsus. Sternum distinctly longer than wide and a quadrate ventrianal scutum. Another species, N. desertus (Chant), has no leg IV macrosetae, strongly serrate M3 and L8, sternum only slightly longer than wide, and elongate vase - shaped ventrianal scutum.

Other species-groups are known throughout the world, but they do not occur in Arizona.

This genus includes more than 40 known species. Some live on trees and shrubs, others on vines and herbs, and still others in stored products or in

ground surface litter. Thirteen species are found in Arizona.

Nothing is known of the food habits of most species but studies by Huffaker and Kennett (1956) show that at least two species feed readily on plant infesting Tarsonemidae. On the other hand, species similar to the generotype feed on seed -infesting, fungivorous, saprophagous, or injuri- ous insects and mites as indicated by Muma (1971).

Key to Neoseiuius Hughes infesting Plants in Arizona

(Females)

1. Sge IV, Sti IV and St IV all pre- sent; sternum as or nearly as wide as long faiiacis -group 2

19

la. Only St IV present or no macro - setae; sternum distinctly longer than wide 3

2. Dorsal setae nearly as long as lateral setae; spermathecal atrium minute often obscure

N. f al iacis (Garman)

2a. Dorsal setae distinctly smaller than lateral setae; spermathecal atrium distinct and nodular

N. zweelferi (Dosse)

3. M3 and L8 strongly serrate; sperm - atheca saccular -fundibuliform

N. desertus (Chant)

3a. M3 and L3 at most weakly plumose, usually setiform; cervix variable not saccular- fundibuliform 4

4. Dorsal scutum smooth or largely so; most dorsal scutal setae sub- equal in length

( setuius group) 5

4a. Dorsal scutum reticulate or large- ly so; most dorsal scutal setae progressively distinctly longer posteriorly 6

5 Spermathecal cervix tubular, atrium nodular to bifid; all dor- sal scutal setae except L8 sub - equal in size; L8 nearly twice length of other setae

P. setulus (Fox)

5a. Spermathecal cervix poculiform; atrium short wide and bifid; M3 and L8 both nearly twice length of other subequal dorsal scutal setae

N. gracilis (Muma)

6. Dorsal scutal reticulation elon- gate and slender in and behind dorsal hexagonal area; sternum nearly twice as long as wide; ven- trianal scutum quadrate

(paspaiivorus- group) 7

6a. Dorsal scutal reticulation short and wide in and behind dorsal hex- agonal area; sternum not more than 11, times longer than wide; ventri- anal scutum shield- shaped

(comitatus group) 9

7. Spermatheca broadly fundibuliform

with an elongate complex atrium; major metapodal scuta short and

sub -triangular N.

vallis (Schuster and Pritchard)

7a. Spermatheca poculiform with a

nodular atrium; major metapodal

scuta long and slender 3

. Peritremes extending forward to vertical setae; accessory pore on stigmata] scutum large and cres-

centic; large species

----- - - -P1. sporo2 plus, new species

Ra. Peritremes extending forward to L1; accessory pore on stigmatal scutum small and round; small

species :J. mumai (Denmark)

9. Spermathecal cervix poculiform; stigmatal scutum entire 10

9a. Spermathecal cervix tubular or slender fundibuliform; stigmatal

scutum creased between stigma and

accessory pore 11

10. Dorsal setae elongate and slender, nearly as long as most elongate lateral setae; preanal ventrianal

pores elliptical N. failacoides, new species

10a. Dorsal setae small to minute, much

smaller than most lateral setae;

preanal ventrianal pores punctate N. comitatus (DeLeon)

11. Ll and L2 much longer than L3; leg

IV with 3 macrosetae N. aurescens (Athias -Henriot)

lla. L1, L2, L3 and 14 subequal or

progressively longer from L1 to

L4; leg IV with only St IV

N. montanus, new species

Neose-iulus aurescens (Athias- Henriot) ,

new combination

Plate VII

Amblyseius aurescens Athias -Henriot, 1961:441; Schuster and Pritchard,

1963:261.

20

DIAGNOSIS: This species is readi-

ly recognized by its elongate, slender, fundibuliform spermathecal cervix and

distinct, ectally bifid spermathecal atrium. No other southwestern species

of the genus has these characters. Other distinguishing characters include

the near lack of cheiiceral dentition

and the crease -like reticulation of the dorsal scutum.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were collected at Portal in August from

P1rthZenbergia longiligula Hitchcock and

Pt, rigens (Bentham) Hitchcock.

DISCUSSION: Although both Athias-

Henriot (1961) and Schuster and Prit-

chard (1963) both report only St (V on

their specimens, Arizona specimens,

which otherwise appear conspecific, have small distinct Sge IV and Sti IV.

We have provisionally placed this species in the comitatus species-group of the genus but it may later be moved

to the fallacis- group.

The species is not presently known to be common enough on plants in Ari-

zona to evaluate biologically. It is

reportedly common in ground surface

litter in California and may prove to

be a litter form in Arizona.

If the species proves to be common

on muhly, Pluhlenbergia spp., important

forage grasses in Arizona, biological and ecological studies should be con- ducted to determine its biological

control potential.

Neoseiulus comitatus (DeLeon

Plate VII

Cydnodromus comitatus DeLeon, 1962:17.

Ambiyseius scyphus Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:274. New synonymy.

Neoseiulus comitatus, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:108.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distinguished from the closely related N. californicus Schuster and Pritchard and N. sporobolus, new species, by its

larger size, widely- spaced, punctate, preanal, ventrianal pores, mul.tidentate chelicerae (fixed finger with 4 to 6 denticules), and short, wide, poculiform spermathecal cervix with a tiny, nodular atrium. These same characters, along with the weakly plumose M3, L7 and L8, distinguish it from other Arizona con- geners.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been col - lected from a number of grasses in all but montane areas of Arizona throughout the year: Andropogon barbinodis Lag., Aristida pansa Woot. & Standl., Boute - ioua barbata Lag., Bouteloua curtipen- dula (Michx.) Torr., Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins. Bromus tectorum L., Cenchrus echinatus L., Chloris virgata Swartz, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Elymus canadensis L., Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Bentham, Hordeum arizonicum Coyas, Muhlenbergia longiligula Hitchcock, Panicum obtusum Ii.B.K., Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Phalaris minor Retz., Setaria macrostachya N.B.K., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Sorghum vulgare Pers., Sporobolus contractus Hitchcock, and Stipa lettermanii Vasey.

It was also taken from the follow- ing herbaceous plants: Arachis hypogaea L., Coldenia palmeri Gray, Convolvulus arvensis L., Erigeron canadensis L., Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & Gray, Helianthus annuus L., Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, Malva parviflora L., Medicago sativa Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britton, Pectis papposa Harv. & Gray, Polygonum argyrocoleon Stead., Potentilla hippiana Lehm., Rumex crispas L., Trianthema portulacastrum L., Tribulus terrestris L., and Tjpha latifolia L.

21

DISCUSSION: Although no specific biological or ecological studies have been conducted on this species, collec- tion records provide some information. The species was described from Andropo- gon glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. in Florida; California and Ohio records of scyphus are largely from grasses; and Arizona records of the species are largely from grasses. It would seem that the species feeds on organisms found on a wide range of grasses. Further, since the species is common on these host plants in Ari- zona, it may well be a biotic control factor on such organisms. Biological and ecological studies should be con- ducted on this mite.

NeoseiuZus desertus (Chant), new combination

Plate VII

Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) desertus Chant, 1957 :294; Chant (1960):76.

Amblyseius desertus, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:257.

DIAGNOSIS: The thickened, serrate condition of M3 and L8, the elongate saccular but tapered spermathecal cer- vix, the slender (almost vase -shaped) reticulate ventrianal scutum and the lack of St IV distinguish this species from all other members of the genus in

Arizona and elsewhere in the world.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Recorded only from Salix exigua Nutt. at Prescott during August.

DISCUSSION: This is a unique species of Neoseiuius meriting a special desertus species -group status.

It is apparently uncommon and cannot be evaluated biologically and ecologically.

Neoseiuius failacis (Garman)

Plate VIiI

Iphidulus failacis Garman, 1948:13.

Typhiodromus fallacis, Nesbitt, 1951:24.

Anihijseius failacis, Athias -Henriot, 1958:34; Chant and Mansell, 1971:707.

Typhiodromus (Amhiyscius) fallacis, Chant, 1960:74.

rlrnhiyseius (Typhiodromopsis) fallacis, Muma, 1961:287.

N oseitaus failacis, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:100; Muma and Johns- ton, in press.

DIAGNOSIS: A combination of char- acters is required to distinguish this species from other members of the fallacis-group of the genus. The elon- gate dorsal setae distinguish it from N. umbraticus (Chant) . Elongate dorsal setae and mesally located preanal pores distinguish it from N. cucumeris (Oude- mans). Elongate dorsal setae, mesally located preanal pores and small nodular spermathecal atria distinguish it from N. zwoelferi in Arizona.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Collected only from Mentha arvensis L. at Show Low during August.

DISCUSSION: This and other members of the failacis -group of Neoseiuius are known to move freely from the sail sur- face to herbs, vines, shrubs and trees. Some biological and ecological studies have been conducted on this mite, (Herbert 1959), (Schuster and Pritchard 1963), Burrell and McCormick 1964) and (Poe and Enns 1969) but results to date are probably inconclusive (Muma 1971).

Since the species is not common either in Arizona or California it is

questionable that it will be of econo- mic importance to Arizona agriculture.

22

Neoseiuius faiiacoides, new species

Plate VIII

DIAGNOIS: The elongate dorsal and median setae and imbricate dorsal scu- tum seem to relate this species to the failacis species -group of the genus but the lack of Sge IV and Sti IV indicate a closer relationship with the comita- tus group. It is distinguished by small (not tiny as in 7. comitatus) delicate poculiform spermathecae and elongate but shorter and finer dorsal setae than on N. fallacis.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, exclud- ing chelicerae, 350p; width 161p. A species of the comitatus -group charac- terized in the key, diagnosis and figures 96 to 99 on Plate VIII.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holo- type from wild ryegrass, Fl-vus cana - densts L., ticNary, Arizona, July 24, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USt1M,

Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been found on El jtnus canadenis L. at McHary in August.

DISCUSSION: This species is

known only from the female sex and is

apparently uncommon in Arizona. Noth- ing is known about it bioiogically or ecologically.

L7easeiutus gracilis (Muma)

Plate VIIi

Cydnadromus graci l is Muma, 1969.:9; Huma, 1964:31.

tlooreiUiUs araciiis, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:104.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is readi- ly distinguished from other members of the setu'Zus group by its poculiform spermathecal cervix and short wide

bifid atrium. It seems to be separated from N. mekenzei (Schuster and Pritchard) by the widely spaced ventrianal pores and the form of the metasternal scuta.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This is a common species in most areas of Arizona where it was collected throughout the year particularly on several grasses and herbs including: Allionia incarnata L., Aristida adscensionis L., Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash, Boerhaavia sp., Bouteloua barbata Lag., Bouteloua roth- rockii Vasey, Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) Vasey, Cynodon dact lon (L.) Pers., Erodium cicutarium (L.)

L'lier., Gossypium hirsutum L., Hetero- theca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. S Rusby, Hymenothrix wislizeni Gray, Lantana ca- mara L., Medicago sativa L., Oxybaphus comatus (Small) Weatherby, Potentilla rivaZis Nutt., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Rumex crispus L., Solidago wrightii Gray, Sorghum vulgare Pers., Sphaeralcea orcuttii Rose, Tilia americans L., and Tribuíus terrestris L. A specimen was also collected from an English sparrow in May at Yuma.

DISCUSSION: N. gracilis is either closely related to or a senior synonym to N. mekenzei; the types should be com- pared to clarify the relationship.

The relative abundance of the spe- cies on grasses and herbs in the state indicate a need for biological and eco- logical studies. Collection of two specimens from a coccinellid (Muma 1964) and one recorded here from a sparrow, indicates that the species may be dissem- inated by clinging to insects and birds.

Neoseiulus montanus, new species

Plate IX

DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distinguished from most species of the comitatus -group by its slender fundibu- liform spermathecae. It may be separated

23

from the closely related N. aurescens by the subterminal nodular atrium, the subequal L1, L2, L3, and L4 and the presence of only St IV.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 350u; width 175u. A species of the comitatus -group characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 106 to 109 on Plate IX.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from cinquefoil, Potentilla hippiana Lehm., Flagstaff, Arizona, August 28, 1961, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were collected from Potentilla hippiana Lehm. in August at Flagstaff and Alpine and Stipa Zettermani Vasey in July at Show Low.

DISCUSSION: This species is uncom- mon and cannot be evaluated.

Neoseiulus inumai (Denmark)

Plate IX

Cydnodromus mutuai Denmark, 1965:91.

Neoseiulus mutuai, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:110; Muma and Johns- ton in press.

DIAGNOSIS: The extremely elongate slender dorsal scutal reticulation bet - ween the dorsal setae, elongate sternal scutum and quadrate ventrianal scutum distinguish this species from other groups of Arizona Neoseiulus. It is

readily separated from N. paspalivorus (DeLeon) by its longer St IV, from N. vallis (Schuster and Pritchard) by its different spermatheca, and from N. spo- robolus n. sp. by its smaller size and longer peritremes.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species occurred in southern Arizona during

August, September, and October on the following grasses: Andropogon barbino- dis Lag., Aristida adscensionis L., and Aristida pansa Woot. & Standl.

DISCUSSION: Although this species was originally described from a palm tree, Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc. It was recorded from several grasses in

Ohio, Muma and Johnston (in press) so the type was probably an incidental collec- tion. Its common occurrence on grasses in Arizona indicates that it may be an important biological control agent of injurious mites or insects on range and pasture grasses. Nothing is otherwise known about its biology or ecology.

NeoseiuZus setulus (Fox)

Plate IX

Borinquolaelaps setuZus Fox, 1947:559.

Typhlodromus brevispinus Kennett, 1958:473.

Amblyseius brevispinus, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:263.

Amblyseius huffakeri Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:271.

Neoseiulus setulus, Muma and Johnston: in press.

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguishing charac- ters of this species include a nearly smooth dorsal scutum, subequal dorsal scu- tal setae and a slender and indistinct but elongate St IV. The other Arizona species of the group, N. gracilis, does not have tubular to fundibuliform spermatheca cer- vices. This species is closely related to N. marinellus (Muma) but the latter lacks macrosetae.

ARIZONA HABITATS: The species ap- pears to be common throughout Arizona from February to November and was collected from many plants including: Aegilops cy- Zindrica Host., Alternanthera repens (L.)

Kuntze, Ambrosia confertifZora (DC.)

24

Rydb., Antennaria arida E. Nels., Arac- his hypogaea L., Aster foliaceus Lindl., Astragalus gilensis Greene, Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Bouteloua barbata Lag., Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Cirsium wheeZeri (Gray) Petrak, Convolvulus arvensis L., CorydaZis aurea Willd., Cressa truxillensis H.B.K., Cucurbita foetidissima H.B.K., Cucurbita palmata Wats., Daucus carota L., Ellisia nycteZea L., Elymus cana - densis L., Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels., Equisetum aryens L., Eragrostis specta- bilis (Pursh) Steud., Erigeron canadensis L., Erigeron divergea Torr. 6 Gray, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her., Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & Gray, Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl., Heliotropium curassavicum L., Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, Hordeum jubatum L., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Hystrix patula Moench, Lupinus hillii Greene, Marah giZensis Greene, Medicago sativa L., McZilotus aZbus Desc., Monarda austromontana Epling., Oxybaphus comatus (Small) Weatherby, Panicum obtusum H.B.K., Plantago major L., Poa ratensis L., PoZypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Potentilla crinita Gray, Potentilla hip - piana Lehm., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Rumex acetosella L., Rumex crispus L., Setaria macrostachya H.B.K., Sida hede- racea (Dougl.) Torr., Solidago wrightii Gray, Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC., Thalictrum fendleri Engelm., Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl., Townsendia exscapa (Richards.) Porter, Tragopogon pratensis L., Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc., Trifolium hybridum L., Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt., Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook., Vicia pulchella H.B.K., and Vitis arizonica Engelm.

DISCUSSION: The above cited synonymy was determined by an examina- tion of the types of Borinquolaelaps setulus Fox and Typhlodromus brevispinus Kennett, and a comparison with author identified California specimens of Amblyseius huffakeri Schuster and

Pritchard. Two factors apparently con- tributed to this synonymy. The sperma- thecae of Hoyer's mounted specimens luminesce brightly under phase contrast microscopy which obscures details. Later, however, the spermathecae, espe- cially the atria, clear or darken and details are clearly visible.

It is a common litter, grass and herb species in Ohio (Muma and Johnston in press). Therefore it is probable that Arizona populations will be found to exhibit the same characteristics. The species, when abundant, may be important to the applied ecology of grass culture, and row and field crop production in Arizona.

Neoseiulus sporobolus, new species

Plate X

DIAGNOSIS: This species is a mem- ber of paspalivorus -group and in Arizona is related to N. inumai from which it is

distinguished by the medially- located, crescentic preanal pores and larger size. It is readily separated from N. californi- cus (McGregor) by the shorter dorsal setae and comparatively shorter L2, L3 and M2.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 403p; width 200u. A species of the comitatus -group characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 125 to 128 on Plate X.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from drop -seed, Sporobolus wrightii Mumro, Portal, Arizona, August 30, 1969, by D. M.

Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species was collected at Portal during August from Sporobolus wrightii Munro.

DISCUSSION: The limited known col- lections of this species prevent meaning- ful biological and ecological evaluation.

25

NeoseiuZus vallis (Schuster and Pritchard), new combination

Plate X

Amblyseius vailis Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:267.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is readily distinguished from other species of the paspalivorus -group in Arizona by its

elongate complex spermathecal atrium, long spermatodactyl toe and heel, and elongate M3.

ARIZONA HABITATS: A common species taken from many plants in irrigated and low desert areas of the state from Feb- ruary through October. The list inclu- des: Ambrosia confertiflora (DC.) Rydb., Ambrosia psiZostachya DC., Arte- misia frigida Wi1ld., Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Baileya pleniradiata Harv. 6 Gray, Bouvardia glaberrima Engelm., Chrysopsis foZiosa Nutt., Ely - mus canadensis L., Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gray, Funastrum heterophyllum ( Engelm.) Standl., Gaillardia pinnati- fida Torr., Gnaphalium wrightii Gray, Gutierrezia microcephaZa (DC.) Gray, Gutierrezia Zucida Greene, Gutierrezia sp., Hilaria jamesii Torr. & Benth., Houstonia wrightii Gray, Lolium perenne L., Lotus wrightii (Gray) Greene, Medi- cago sativa L., Oxybaphus comatus (Small) Weatherby, Penstemon parryi Gray, Perezia nana Gray, PZantago Ian - ceolata L., PZantago purshii Roem. &

Schult., Potentilla crinita Gray, Rati- bida columnaris (Sims) D. Don., Senico sp., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, Viguiera multiflora (Nutt.) Blake, Vitis arizoni- ca Engelm., and Zinnia pumila Gray.

DISCUSSION: Our specimens exhibit two forms; one with short setae and a spermatheca as illustrated in figure 132; the other with long setae and a sperma- theca as illustrated in figure 133. Cali- fornia specimens reportedly have longer setae (Schuster and Pritchard 1963).

Since females and males are both common on low- growing herbs, including alfalfa, grape and zinnia in Arizona, biological and ecological studies should be conducted to determine its

possible biological control potential on agricultural crops. Its uncommon occurrence in California is an enigma.

NeoseiuZus zwoelferi (Dosse)

Plate X

Typhiodromus zwolferi Dosse, 1957:301.

Typhiodromus (Amblyseius) zwoelferi, Chant, 1960:78.

Cydnodromus zwoelferi, Muma, 1961:290.

Amblyseius zwoelferi, Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:268; Athias -Henriot, 1966:207.

NeoseiuZus zwoelferi, Muma and Johnston, in press.

DIAGNOSIS: The slender neck -like development of the spermathecal cervix mesad of the elongate- nodular atrium distinguishes this species from all other members of the fallacis species - group. Other diagnostic characters include the dorsal setae distinctly shorter than the lateral setae and M3 more than twice as long as L6 and L7.

As is usual for the fallacis- group, Sti

IV is sometimes distinct and sometimes not.

ARIZONA HABITATS: N. zwoelferi has been collected from February through August in northern Arizona on Aegilops cylindrica Host., Aretostaphyloe pungens H.B.K., Artemisia frigida Willd., Carex hystricina Muhl., Cichorium intybus L., Equisetum arvense L., Juncus interior Wieg., Medicago sativa L., Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Mentha arvensis L., Moldavica parvifTora (Nutt.) Britt.,

26

Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Plantago lanceolata L., Sitanion hys- trix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, and Sphaera- Zcea ambigua Gray.

DISCUSSION: What are believed to be conspecific populations of this species in Europe, California, Ohio and Arizona exhibit variations worthy of note. European specimens have the dorsal setae as long as or longer than the lateral setae, M3 twice the length of L6 and L7 and Sge IV and Sti IV in-

distinct. California specimens have the dorsal setae subequal with or shorter than the lateral setae, M3 less

than twice the length of L6 and L7, Sge IV usually distinct. Ohio specimens have the dorsal setae distinctly shor- ter than the lateral setae, M3 at least

twice as long as L6 and L7 and Sge IV

and Sti IV present but much less dis- tinct than St IV. Arizona and Cali- fornia specimens have Li, L2, L3 and L4 nearly subequal whereas L2 and L3 are distinctly shorter than Li and L4 on European and Ohio specimens.

This species has been found in

ground surface litter and on the leaves of herbs, shrubs and trees in

Europe, California and Ohio. It prob- ably also occurs in ground surface litter in Arizona as well as on the recorded plants.

Dosse (1957) reported that N. zwoelferi fed and developed on Tetra - nychus (Tetranychus) urticae Koch, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and Czenspin- skia Zordi Nesbitt with a life cycle of 8 to 9 days at 25 -26° C. Since the species is relatively common in

Arizona further biological and eco- logical studies are needed to deter- mine its biological control potential.

SUBFAMILY PHYTOSEIINAE BERLESE

Phytoseiinae Berlese, 1916:11; Muma, 1961:292.

Phytoseiidae with an undivided dorsal scutum, 3 to 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 1 to 3 pairs of median setae, 8 to 11 pairs of lateral setae with 5 or more well anterior to D3, 1 or 2 pairs of sublateral setae on females, ventri- anal scutum with 1 to 4 pairs of preanal setae; 1 to 3 pairs of ventrolateral setae; and no to 3 macrosetae on leg IV.

Males have an entire shield -shaped ven- trianal scutum with 3 or 4 pairs of ventrianai setae and usually 2 pairs of sublateral setae located on the dorsal scutum.

TYPE GENUS: Phytoseius Ribaga, 1904, by indication (Berlese 1916).

DIAGNOSIS: Small phytoseiids with an undivided dorsal scutum and 5 pairs of anterior lateral setae well anterior to D3.

DISCUSSION: in the illustrations of species of this subfamily the omis- sion of sternal and dorsal scutal pores does not infer pore absence; see dis- cussion under Amblyseiinae.

GENUS TYPHLODROMINA MUMA

Typhiodromina Muma, 1961:297; Muma and Denmark, 1969:406.

DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ized by a smooth to reticulated dorsal scutum with 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2

pairs of median setae; 8 pairs of lat- eral setae; 2 pairs of sublateral setae; 2 pairs of sternal setae, 2 pairs of metasternal setae; 4 pairs of preanal setae, and a pair of preanal pores on the ventrianal scutum; 2 pairs of ven- trolateral setae and a pair of caudal setae; no or 1 macroseta on basitarsus of leg IV, St IV; legs i, il and IIi

without macrosetae.

27

Leg formula 4123 and 4132; peri- tremes extend to verticals; peritremal and stigmatal scuta indistinguishably fused and extending along leg iV exopo- dai scutum; spermathecae with saccular or fundibuliform cervices and an undif- ferentiated atria; chelicerae small to normal in size in proportion to the body; movable cheliceral finger with no or I denticule and fixed cheliceral finger with 2 to 4 denticules.

Males are similar to females but smaller. The spermatodactyl has the foot terminal and lateral process dis- tinct. The ventrianal scutum has 4 or more pairs of preanal setae.

TYPE SPECIES: Iphidulus conspicuus Garman, 1948, by designation (Muma 1961).

DISCUSSION: This genus lacks lat- eral setae in the positions normally oc- cupied by L7 and L8. Muma and Denmark (1969) indicated 3 species-groups in this genus based on the shape of the sternal and ventrianai scuta, and on the develop- ment of M2 and Lg. The two species pre- sently known to occur in Arizona represent two of these groups, the pini -group and the adjacentis- group. Unquestionably species of the conspicua-group will also be found since they are known to occur in

California, Mexico and Missouri.

Key to Typhiodromia Muma inhabiting plants in Arizona

(Females)

1. Spermathecae elongate fundibul,iform; L1 and L2 subequal; L7 tiny

T. pini (Chant)

la. Spermathecae short fundibuliform to pocular; LI distinctly longer than L2; L7 nearly as long as M2

T. gramina, new species

Typhiodromina gramina, new species

Plate XI

DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the char- acters cited in the key this species exhibits the following diagnostic charac- ters: M2 and L8 indistinctly plumose but not greatly enlarged; L8 two and one -half times as long as L7; leg IV with Sge IV, Sti IV, and St IV. Other characters are shown in the figures.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 396p; width 235u. A species of the adjacentis -group characterized in the key, diagnosis and figures 140 to 143 on Plate Xl.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from six -weeks three-awngrass, Aristida adscensionis L., McNary, Arizona, July 22, 1965, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Of the few speci- mens collected all have been associated with grasses except one from Thermopsis pinetorum Greene collected at McNary in June. The records from grasses at Flag- staff, Show Low, McNary, and Portal from June through September include: Aristida adscensionis L., Muhienbergia emersleyi Vasey, M. puicherrima Scribn., and Stipa lettermani Vasey.

DISCUSSION: This species is only provisionally placed in the adjacentis- group since it does not have M2 and L8 distinctly enlarged.

It is not a common species so can- not be evaluated biologically and eco- logically.

Typhiodromina pini (Chant)

Plate XI

Typhiodromus pini Chant, 1955 :501.

Typhiodromus ( Typhiodromus) pini Chant, 1960:53.

28

Typhiodromina pini, Muma, 1961:297; Muma and Denmark, 1969:407.

Typhioseiopsis citri, Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:210. (in part)

DIAGNOSIS: The typical species is readily distinguished from most members of the pini -group by the tiny M2; two pairs of ventrolateral setae, and the slender elongate St IV. It is separated from T. gramina by the form of the sper- mathecae.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This appears to be a montane species. Specimens were collected from Cupressus arizonica Greene, Juniperus deppeana Steud., and Pinus ponderosa Lawson at Flagstaff, McNary, Portal, and Pinetop during July and August.

DISCUSSION: We do not agree with the synonymies proposed by Chant (1960) and Schuster and Pritchard (1963). It

is possible that T. citri (Garman and McGregor) and T. pacificus are synonyms but T. pini is distinct. T. arceutobia (Kennett) may be a synonym of T. pini but we have not seen the type of the former species.

This species is uncommon in Arizona so cannot be evaluated biologically and ecologically.

GENUS METASEIULUS MUMA

Metaseiuius Muma, 1961:295; Gonzalez and Schuster, 1962:19 (in part); Schu- ster and Pritchard, 1963:214 (in part); Muma, 1963:41; Van der Merwe, 1968:62 (in part).

DIAGNOSIS: Females are characterized by a strongly reticulated dorsal scutum; 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2 pairs of median setae; 9 pairs of lateral setae; i pair of sublateral setae; 2 pairs of sternal se- tae; 2 pairs of metasternal setae; 3 pairs of preanal ventrianal setae; 1 pair of ventrolateral setae; a pair of caudal

setae; and no or 1 macroseta on leg IV,

St IV.

Leg formula 4123; peritremes extend forward to verticals; peritremal and stig- matal scuta distinct from leg IV exopodal scutum; spermatheca with fundibuliform cervix and undifferentiated atrium; che- licerae small in proportion to body size; movable cheliceral finger with no or 1

denticule and fixed cheliceral finger with 2 or 3 denticules.

Males are similar to females but smaller with the sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum; 5 pairs of sternal setae; and 3 pairs of preanal setae. The sper- matodactyl has the foot terminal with a

distinct heel and lateral process.

TYPE SPECIES: Typhiodromus validus Chant, 1957, by designation (Muma 1961).

DISCUSSION: This genus lacks setae in the position normally occupied by L8, the ventrianal scuta are decidedly vase - shaped and both of the known species are found predominately on evergreen trees at high altitudes.

Gonzalez and Schuster (1962), Schu- ster and Pritchard (1963) and Van der Merwe (1968) considered this genus to be a senior synonym of GaZendromus Muma. This synonymy was discussed and rejected by Muma (1963). Our examination of Ari- zona material substantiates this rejec- tion: the number of preanal ventrianal setae and ventrolateral setae is very constant which is not the case in GaZen- dromus; the ventrianal scuta are strongly vase -shaped which is a variable in Galen - dromus; and this genus is so consistently collected on junipers, pines, and pos- sibly on firs and other evergreen trees that collections on other plants must be incidental whereas Galendromus is found primarily on deciduous trees and shrubs.

29

Key to MetaseiuZus Muma found in Arizona

1. Dorsal scutal setae long; macro - seta St IV long; spermathecae wide; specimens primarily from pines M. validus (Chant)

la. Dorsal scutal setae short; macro - seta St IV short; spermathecae narrow; specimens primarily from junipers M. nelson (Chant)

MetaseiuZus nelsoni (Chant)

Plate XI

Typhiodromus (Typhiodromus) nelsoni Chant, 1960:56.

MetaseiuZus neZsoni, Muma, 1961:295; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:217.

DIAGNOSIS: The key characters readily identify and distinguish this species from Al. validus. Chant (1960) also cited 3 tiny ventrolateral plate- lets and no macroseta as diagnostic but our specimens exhibit 4 to 5 platelets and a short but distinct St IV.

ARIZONA HABITATS: All specimens found in Arizona occurred on Juniperus from April through September at Camp Verde, Flagstaff, McNary, Pinedale, Portal, Show Low, and Tucson. The species included: J. communie L., J. deppeana Steud., and J. monospermes (Englm.) Sarg.

DISCUSSION: The number of spe- cimens on junipers at or above 6000 feet may prove the species to be com- mon enough to merit study.

The ventrolateral platelets on females are very difficult to distin- guish, evaluate and count.

MetaseiuZus validus (Chant)

Plate XII

Typhiodromus validus Chant, 1957:290.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) validus, Chant, 1960:56.

Metaseiulus validus, Muma, 1961:295; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:217.

TyphZodromus ( MetaseiuZus) validus, Van der Merwe, 1968:62.

DIAGNOSIS: The key characters identify and distinguish this species from M. nelsoni. Chant (1960) and Schu- ster and Pritchard (1963) also cited 5

tiny ventrolateral platelets and a dis- tinct macroseta as diagnostic but our specimens exhibit 4 to 7 platelets and only a comparatively longer St IV than neZsoni.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Most of the specimens were collected from Pinus at McNary, Portal, Prescott, Sedona, and Show Low during July and August on P. edulis Engelm., P. flexilis James, P. monophylla Torr. 6 Frem., and P. pon- derosa Lawson.

DISCUSSION: As stated for M. nelsoni the ventrolateral platelets are very difficult to distinguish, evaluate and count and therefore cannot be con- sidered to be diagnostically valuable.

This species is common on Pinus spp. It may well be an important biological control agent of some injurious insect or mite on these evergreens. Biological and ecological studies should be conducted.

GENUS GALENDROMUS MUMA

Galendromus Muma, 1961:298; Muma, 1963:16.

MetaseiuZus, Schuster and Gonzalez, 1962:19; Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:214.

30

DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ized by a reticulated dorsal scutum with 4 pairs of dorsal setae; 2 pairs of me- dian setae; 9 pairs of simple or plumose lateral setae; 1 pair of anterior sub - lateral setae; 2 pairs of sternal setae; 4 pairs of preanal, ventrianal setae; 1

or 2 pairs of ventrolateral setae and a pair of caudal setae; no or 1 macroseta on leg IV, St IV; legs I, II and III

without macrosetae or modified setae.

Leg formula 1423 or 4123; peritreme variable in length from a point between L3 and L4 to the verticals with peritre- mal and stigmata] scuta indistinguishably fused; spermatheca with a tubular, sac - cular, pocular, fundifuliform or vesi- cular cervix and a nodular or undiffer- entiated atrium; chelicerae normal in

proportion to the body size; movable cheliceral finger with no to 1 denticule and fixed cheliceral finger with 1 to 3

denticules.

Males are similar to the females, but smaller with the sublateral setae on the dorsal scutum; 5 pairs of ster- nal setae and 4 to 5 pairs of preanal ventrianal setae. Spermatodactyl with foot terminal and heel and lateral pro- cess distinct.

TYPE SPECIES: Typhiodromus fiori- danus Muma, 1955, by designation (Muma 1961).

DISCUSSION: This genus was erected by Muma (1961) and revised by Muma (1963). It is represented over a wide geographical area from Mexico to Canada on trees, shrubs and vines. It also has been recorded from Chile and Puerto Rico. Although all of the sub -genera have not been recorded from Arizona they are distinguished in the following key. Cursoriseius, new subgenus, is known only from Chile and is represented by Cursoriseius brevieoZlis (Gonzalez and Schuster). Only the sub -genera Menaseius

Wainstein and Mugidromus, new subgenus, have been found in the state.

KEY TO KNOWN SUBGENERA OF

GALENDROMVS MUMA

(Females)

1. Most dorsal, median and lateral se-

tae plumose and subequal in length,

though progressively longer poste- riorly; spermathecae tubular; tree, shrub and vine species

Galendromus Muma

la. At least half of the dorsal and me- dian setae setiform and distinctly smaller than the lateral setae; spermathecae variable 2

2. Vertical setae setiform; most lat- eral setae setiform and only sli- ghtly longer than dorsal setae; spermathecae fundibuliform or pocular 3

2a. Vertical setae plumose; most later- al setae plumose, serrate or other- wise modified and much longer than at least half of the dorsal setae; spermathecae tubular or saccular - -4

3. Spermathecae fundibuliform; tree and shrub species

Menaseius Wainstein

3a. Spermathecae pocular; soil and lit- ter species

Cursoriseius, new subgenus

4. Spermathecae tubular; herb and tree species---- Mugidromus, new subgenus

4a. Spermathecae saccular; tree and shrub species Leonodromus Muma

Subgenus Menaseius Wainstein

Menaseius Wainstein, 1962:21.

Lamiaseius Wainstein, 1962:21.

31

Galendromus (Menaseius) Wainstein, Muma, 1963:27, Muma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:138, Muma and Johns- ton, in press.

DIAGNOSIS: Females of this subge- nus have most of the dorsal and lateral setae simple. Dorsal setae are shorter than the distance to the succeeding se- tae. Anterior dorsal scutal pores dis- tinct with reticulation radiating from pores. Ventrianal scuta pentagonal, but slightly constricted near middle of length. Most species have leg IV, St

IV, macroseta present. Spermatheca with fundibuliform cervix and a highly refractive valve at atrium.

Spermatodactyl with typical shank, foot, heel, lateral process, and toe; both heel and lateral process distinct; foot terminal.

TYPE SPECIES: Seius pomi Parrott, by designation (Wainstein 1962 and Muma 1963) .

DISCUSSION: Four of the 12 known species of the subgenus occur in Ari- zona.

Key to Species of the Subgenus Menaseius found in Arizona

(Females)

1. Ventrianal scutum with a pair of preanal ventrianal pores; 2 pairs of ventrolateral setae 2

la. Ventrianal scutum without preanal ventrianal pores; 1 pair of ven- trolateral setae

G. (M.) flumenis (Chant)

2. Most dorsal scutal setae short and setiform; L8 more than half as long as M2 and L9; only 19 plumose

G. (M.) deleoni, new species

2a. Most dorsal scutal setae setiform but thickened; L8 only one -fifth to one -third as long as M2 and L9; M2 and L9 both plumose 3

3. L2 and L3 short and subequal; L8 only one -fifth as long as M2 and less than the distance to L9; ven- trianal pores round to elliptical

G. (M.) mexicanus Muma

3a. L3 distinctly longer than L2; L8 one -third as long as M2 and equal to or longer than the distance to 19; ventrianal pores punctate

G. 6V.) pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard)

Galendromus (Menaseius) deleoni, new species

Plate XII

DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely related to G. (M.) juniperi (DeLeon). In

fact, it keys out to that species in Muma (1963) but has L8 more than half as long as M2 and L9 and has a distinct pair of punctate preanal ventrianal pores which are diagnostic. It is distinguished from the other sibling of this species -group by the possession of 2 pairs of ventro- lateral setae and preanal ventrianal pores.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 326u; width 203u. A species of the juniperi -group characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 162 to 165 on Plate XII.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from vervain, Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr., McNary, Arizona, July 24, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Wash- ington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It has been col- lected from Verbena bracteata Lag. &

Rodr. at McNary in July.

32

DISCUSSION: Since it is uncommon, this species cannot be evaluated bio- logically or ecologically.

Galendromus (Menaseius) flumenis (Chant)

Plate XII

Typhlodromus (TyphZodromus) flumenis Chant, 1957:290; Chant, 1970:57.

Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) mcgregori Chant, 1960:57. New synonymy.

Galendromus flumenis, Muma, 1961:298.

Galendromus mcgregori, Muma, 1961:298.

Metaseiulus mcgregori, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:223.

MetaseiuZús flumenis, Schuster and Pritchard, 1963:225

Galendromus (Menaseius) mcgregori, pluma, 1963:33; Huma, Denmark and DeLeon, 1970:138.

Galendromus (Menaseius) flumenis, Muma, 1963:34.

DIAGNOSIS: This highly variable species is most readily recognized in

Arizona by the cited key characters. Muma (1963) cited M2 more than half as long as to longer than the distance to L8, and one pair of ventrolateral setae as diagnostic characters of the two synonyms. The ornamentation of the scu- tum which is indistinctly to distinctly reticulate and ridged, and overlaid with a punctate stippling is also a reliable supporting character.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Galendromus flu - menis has been collected from Acacia constricta Benth., Acer negundo L., Al- hagi camelorum Fishch., Ambrosia ambro- sioides (Cay.), Ambrosia dumosa (Gray), Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.), Antennaria marginata Greene, Arbutus arizonicus (Gray) Sarg., Arctostaphylos pungens

H.B.K., Aristida adscensionis L., Artemi- sia frigida Willd., Artemisia filifolia Torr., Aster tanacetifolius H.B.K., Atri- plex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Baccharis glutinosa Pers., Baccharis sarothroides Gray, Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray, Baileya pauciradiata Harv. & Gray, Brick- cilia californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, CeZtis reticulata Torr., Cercidium micro - phyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnston, Cerci- dium floridum Benth., Cercocarpus brevi- florus Gray, Chilopsis Zinearis (Cay.)

Sweet, Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat) Hensl., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.,

Citrus nobilis var. deliciosa (Torr.) Swing., Coldenia patmeri Gray, Condalia lycioides (Gray) Weberb., Cupressus ari- zonicus Greene, Cynodon dactylon (L.)

Pers., Dalea parryi Torr. & Gray, Ence- Zia frutescens Gray, Ephedra fasciculata A. Nels., Ephedra trifurca Torr., Erio- gonum jamesii Benth., Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl., Ficus carica L., Flou - rensia cernua DC., Gaura gracilis Woot. & Standi., Gnaphalum wrightii Gray, Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. &

Rusby, Haplopappus spinulosus (Pursh) DC., Helianthus annuus L., Helianthus quinquenervus (Hook.) Gray, Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby, Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb., Hymenoth- rix wislizeni Gray, Hymenoxys richardsoni (Hook.) Cockerell, Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Juniperus communie L., Juniperus occidentalis Hook., Lantana camara L., Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville, Lycium pallidum Miers., Lycium sp., Malus syZ- vestris Mill., Marah gilensis Greene, Medicago sativa L., Mentzelia pumila (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray, Morus microphylla Buckl., Nama hispidum Gray, Oenothera speciosa Nutt., Olneya tesota Gray, Opu- ntia Zeptocaulis DC., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch, Parthenium incanum H.B.K., Pennisetum ciliare (L.)

Link, Physalis wrightii Gray, Pinus spp., PZatanus wrightii Wats., Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Potentilla hi piano Lehm., Prosopis Juliflora (Sw.) DC., Pro - sopis pubescens Benth., Prunus virens rufula (Woot. & Stand].) Sarg., Punica granatum L., Pyracantha coccinea Roem.,

33

Quercus agrifolia Noe, Quercus ajoensis C. H. Muller, Quercus alba L., Quercus arizonica Sarg., Quercus emoryi Torr., Quercus grisea Liebm., Quercus hypoleu- coides Camus, Quercus turbinella Greene, Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Rhus micro- phylla Engelm., Rhus trilobata Nutt., Salix gooddingii Ball, Senecio douglasii jamesii (T. & G.) Edinger, Senecio longilobus Benth., Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid., Sphaeralcea orcuttii Rose, Stachys palustris L., Tamarix pentandra Pall., Thuja occidentalis L.,

and Vitis arizonica Engelm.

DISCUSSION: This is by far the most abundant phytoseiid on plants in

Arizona. It is found statewide, at all

elevations, during all seasons, on many different trees, shrubs and herbs. It

is highly variable in characters normal- ly utilized for species separation but there seem to be no constant morpholog- ical, geographical or biological charac- ters for utilization in population seg- regation. In fact, Chant (in corres- pondence cited by Muma 1963) believed his two species, synonymized above, to be synonyms. Our examination of over 900 specimens indicates that the speci- fic distinguishing characters cited by Muma (1963) and Schuster and Pritchard (1963) are invalid.

Since the species is so abundant on both agricultural and non -agricultural plants it must be considered to be a po-

tential biological control agent for coincidental occurring phytophagous in-

sects and mites. Biological and ecolog- ical studies should be conducted on a number of different host plants with a

number of different prospective food hosts.

Very little is presently known about the biology and ecology of the species: Lee and Davis (1968) reported it to be the second most common phyto- seiid on apple trees in Utah but stated that it tended to remain on the bark.

Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma

Plate XIII

Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma, 1963:32.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is closely related to G. (M.) pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard) from which it may be distin- guished by the cited key characters and the fact that M2 is distinctly serrate and L8 is less than half as long as L2 on this species. Arizona specimens tend to have most of the lateral setae and M2 distinct- ly heavier than those on the type.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species has been collected at Flagstaff, McNary, Por- tal, Prescott, and Sedona from February through September from Acer negundo L., Anemone tuberosa Rydb., Bouteloua curti- pendula ( Michx.) Torr., Fraxinus velutina Torr., Hymenoxys richardsoni (Hook.)

Cockerel], Ipomoea hirsutula Jacq., Morus microphylla Buckl., Penstemon virgatus Gray, Platanus wrightii Wats., Prunus virens (Woot. & Stand].) Shreve, Quercus arizonica Sarg., Quercus hypoleucoides Camus, Rhus trilobata Nutt., SaZix Zaevi- gata Bebb., Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray, and Tridens puichellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.

DISCUSSION: The common occurrence of this species on certain herbs, shrubs and trees in the montane areas of the state is worthy of biological and eco- logical attention.

GaZendromus (Menaseius) pomoides (Schuster and Pritchard),

new combination

Plate XIII

Metaseiulus pomoides Schuster and Prit- chard, 1963:

DIAGNOSIS: The cited key characters distinguish this species from the closely related G. (M.) mexicanus. Valid support- ing characters include M2 non or weakly

34

plumose or serrate and L8 and L2 nearly equal in length. This species in Ari- zona also tends to have more slender lateral setae than those on mexicanus. This species is also closely related to G. (M.) ruralis DeLeon but the weakly plumose M2 punctate preanal pores and slender lateral setae are diagnostic.

ARIZONA HABITATS: Specimens were taken at Portal and Prescott during Au- gust and September from the following plants: Acer negundo L., Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., Brickellia californica (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Bromus sp., Cercocarpus montanus Raf., Festuca arizonica Vasey, Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv., Humulus americanus Nutt., Muhlenbergia puleherrima Scribn., Potentilla thurberi Gray, Robinia neo- mexicana Gray, Rosa neomexicanus Cock- erel], SaZix gooddingii Ball, and Vitis

arizonica Engelm.

DISCUSSION: The biology and eco- logy of this common Arizona species should be investigated. Schuster and Pritchard (1963) recorded the species feeding on eriophyids and tetranychids in California.

Subgenus Mugidromus, new subgenus

DIAGNOSIS: Females of this subge- nus have the vertical setae plumose, half of the dorsal and median setae small and setiform and shorter than the distance to the succeeding setae (D3 and D4 on the two known species are plumose), and most of the lateral setae plumose, serrate or otherwise modified and dis- tinctly longer than the setiform dorsal and median setae. The ventrianal scuta are elongate -pentagonal to vase-shaped. Spermathecal cervices are tubulo- saccular with refactive but differentiated atria. Leg IV without macrosetae.

Spermatodactyls typical with foot terminal and shank, foot, heel, lateral process, and toe all distinct.

TYPE SPECIES: GaZendromus (Mugidro- mus) reticulus, new species.

DISCUSSION: This subgenus presently includes only the 2 Arizona species des- cribed below. However, Metaseiulus pin - natus Schuster and Pritchard may belong here rather than in Leonodromus Muma with G. (L.) carinulatus (DeLeon) as suggested by Schuster and Pritchard (1963).

Key to Species of the Subgenus

Mugidromus Found in Arizona

(Females)

1. All dorsal setae short; preanal ven- trianal pores punctate

G. (M.) reticulus, new species

la. D3 and D4 elongate; preanal ventri- anal pores round

G. (M.) serratus, new species

GaZendromus (Mugidromus) reticulus, new species

Plate XIII

DIAGNOSIS: The cited key characters adequately differentiate this species from G. (M.) serratus. Other diagnostic characters for this species include the very strong net -like dorsal scutal reticu- lations which under phase light reflect on the ventral scuta, L8 at least 2 lengths from L9, and long slender line -like meta - podal scuta.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 434p; width 210p. This strongly reticulate species is character- ized in the key, diagnosis and figures 180 to 183 on Plate XIII.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holotype from seepwillow, Baceharis glutinosa Pers., Marana, Arizona, October 27, 1967, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washing- ton, D. C.

35

ARIZONA HABITATS: Galendromus reticulus was collected from Baccharis glutinosa Pers. during October at Marana and Hymenoclea salsola Torr. and Gray during July at Oracle.

DISCUSSION: This herb inhabiting species is not sufficiently common to merit biological and ecological inves- tigation.

Galendromus (Mugidromus) serratus, new species

Plate XIV

DIAGNOSIS: The cited key charac- ters distinguish this species from G. (M.) reticulus. Other diagnostic cha- racters for this species include the overlapping or imbricate dorsal scutal reticulation, L8 less than a length from L9, and the shorter but line -like metapodal scuta.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, exclud- ing chelicerae, 350p; width 182p. This distinctive species is characterized in

the key, diagnosis and figures 185 to

188 on Plate XIV.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holo- type from one -seed juniper, Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., Tucson, Arizona, April 7, 1968, by D. M. Tut- tle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: This species was found in April at Tucson, on Juni- perus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. and Quercus emoryi Torr.

DISCUSSION: This rare, tree - inhabiting species cannot be evaluated biologically and ecologically.

GENUS BERETHRIA, NEW GENUS

DIAGNOSIS: Females are character- ized by a distinctly reticulated dorsal

scutum with 4 pairs of dorsal setae, 2

pairs of median setae, 9 pairs of lateral

setae, 2 pairs of sublateral setae, 3

pairs of sternal setae, 4 pairs of pre - anal ventrianal setae, 2 pairs of ventro- lateral setae, 1 pair of caudal setae and 1 macroseta, St IV. L8 is associated with L9, not M2 as in TyphZodromus Scheu- ten. There are 2 small pores on dorsal

scutum, 1 behind L3 and 1 between L7 and M2. Leg formula 4123. Peritreme extends forward to verticals; peritremal scutum partially separated from stigmatal scutum by a weak suture; secondary stigmatal pore small and slot -like. Spermathecae obscure but with distinct U- shaped valve, apparently in the cervix. Chelicerae normal in proportion to body size; mov- able finger with 1 denticule; fixed finger with 3 denticules.

Males are unknown.

TYPE SPECIES: Berethria arizonica, new species.

DISCUSSION: Although this genus is

erected for the Arizona species described below it is possible that TyphZodromus corticis Herbert also belongs here. Our

single specimen has all of the tarsal

claws buried in the pretarsi.

36

Berethria arizonica, new species

Plate XIV

DIAGNOSIS: Since this is the only known species of the genus the generic characters are adequate for identifica- tion. Other diagnostic characters may include the small, punctate preanal ven- trianal pores located between and behind the posterior pair of preanal ventrianal setae and the elongate principal and triangular secondary metapodal scuta.

FEMALE HOLOTYPE: Length, excluding chelicerae, 371p; width 228p. The spe- cies is characterized in the key, dia-

gnosis and figures 189 to 192 on Plate XIV.

TYPE LOCALITY: The female holo- type from arizona white oak, Quercus arizonica Sarg., Portal, Arizona, August 28, 1964, by D. M. Tuttle, is in the USNM, Washington, D. C.

ARIZONA HABITATS: It is known only from Quercus arizonica Sarg. at Portal during August.

DISCUSSION: This species is known only from the type.

LITERATURE CITED

Athias- Henriot, C. 1957. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie, I Genres Blattisocius Keegan, Iphiseius Berlese, AmbZyseius Berlese, Phytoseius Ribaga, Phytoseiulus Evans. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord 48:319 -352.

Athias -Henriot, C. 1958. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie, II Phytoseiidae: clé des genres Amblyseius Berlese (suite) et SeiuZus Berlese. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord 49:23-43.

Athias -Henriot, C. 1960. Phytoseiidae et Aceosejidae (Acarina: Gamasina) d'Algérie, IV Genre TyphZodromus Scheuten, 1857. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. de l'Afrique du Nord 51:62 -107.

Athias-Henriot, C. 1960. Nouveaux Amblyseius d'Algérie. (Parasitiformes, Phytosei-

idae). Acarologia 2(3):288-299.

Athias- Henriot, C. 1966. Contribution a l'étude des paléarctiques (Acariens anacti- notriches, Phytoseiidae). Bull. Sci. de Bourgogne 24:181 -230.

Berlese, A. 1916. Centuria prima -sesta di Acari nuovi. Redia 12:19 -67.

Bravenboer, L., and G. Dosse. 1962. Phytoseiulus riegeli Dosse als pradator einiger shad milben aus der Tetranychus urticae-gruppe. Entomol. Exper. et Appl. 5:291-304.

Burrell, R. W., and W. J. McCormick. 1964. TyphZodromus and Amblyseius (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) as predators on orchard mites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 57:483-7.

Chant, D. A. 1955. Notes on mites of the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten, 1857. (Aca-

rina: Laelaptidae) with descriptions of the males of some species and the female of a new species. Can. Entomol. 87:496 -503.

Chant, D. A. 1957. Descriptions of some phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) Part I. Nine new species from British Columbia with keys to the species of British Columbia. Can. Entomol. 89:298 -308.

Chant, D. A. 1960. Phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Part I. Bionomics of seven species in southeastern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the family. Phytoseiidae, with descriptions of 38 new species. Can. Entomol. 91, Suppl.

12:1 -166.

Chant, D. A. 1960a. Two new species of Typhlodromus from California. Pan -Pacific Entomol. 36(3):135 -138.

Chant, D. A. 1961. An experiment in biological control of Tetranychus telarius (L.).

(Acarina: Tetranychidae) in a greenhouse using the predacious mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias -Henriot (Phytoseiidae). Can. Entomol. 93(6):437 -443.

Chant, D. A. 1965. Generic concepts in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostig- mata). Can. Entomol. 97(4):352 -374.

Chant, D. A. and R. I. C. Hansell. 1971. The genus Amblyseius (Acarina: Phytosei- idae) in Canada and Alaska. Canadian J. Zool. 49(5):703-758.

37

Collyer, E. 1958. Some insectary experiments with predacious mites to determine their effect on the development of Metatetranychus uZmi (Koch) populations. Ento- mol. Exper. and Appl. 1:138-146.

Collyer, E. 1964. A summary of experiments to demonstrate the role of Typhlodromus pyri Scheut. in the control of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in England. Acarologia:363- 371.

Collyer, E. 1964A. The effect of an alternative food supply on the relationship between two TyphZodromus species and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina). Entomol. Exper. and Appl. 7:120 -124.

DeLeon, Donald. 1959. Seven new Typhlodromus from Mexico with collection notes on three other species (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Fla. Entomol. 42(3):113-121.

DeLeon, Donald. 1962. Twenty -three new phytoseiids, mostly from southeastern United States (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Fla. Entomol. 45(1):11 -27.

DeLeon, Donald. 1965. A note on NeoseiuZus Hughes and new synonymy. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 67(1):23.

DeLeon, Donald. Mesostigmata)

Denmark, H. A.

Fla. Entomol.

1966. Phytoseiidae of British Guyana with keys to species (Acarina: . Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas 8:81 -102.

1965. Four new Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Florida. 48(a):89 -95.

Dosse, G. 1957. Morphologie und biologie von TyphZodromus zwolferi n. sp. (Acar., Phytoseiidae) Z. Angew. Entomol. 41:301 -i1.

Dosse, G. 1960. Uber den Einfluss der Raubmilbe TyphZodromus tiliae Oud. auf die Obstbaum spinnmilbe Metatetranychus uZmi Koch (Acari). Pflanzen schutz -Berichte. 24(8 -10):113 -137.

Fox, I. 1947. Seven new mites from rats in Puerto Rico. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 40(4):598 -603.

Garman, P. 1948. Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Exp.

Sta. Bull. 520:1 -27.

Gonzalez, R., and R. 0. Schuster. 1962. Species of the family Phytoseiidae in Chile. (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Univ. Chile Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 16:1 -35.

Haarlov, N. 1957. A new modification of the Tullgren apparatus. J. Anim. Ecol. 16(2):115-121.

Herbert, H. J. 1959. Note on feeding ranges of six species of predaceous mites (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) in the laboratory. Can. Entomol. 37:812.

Herbert, H. J. 1962. Influence of TyphZodromus (T.) pyri Scheuten on the development of Bryobia arborea M. and A. populations in the greenhouse. Can. Entomol. 94(8): 870 -873.

38

Hoyt, S. C. 1969. Population studies of five mite species on apple in Washington. Proc. 2nd Intern. Congr. Acarology, Sutton Bonington (England), 1967:117 -133.

Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett. 1956. Experimental studies on predation: preda- tion and cyclamen -mite populations on strawberries in California. Hilgardia 26(4): 191 -222.

Hughes, A. M. 1948. The mites associated with stored food products. Ministry of Agr. and Fisheries. London, H. M. Stationery Office. 168 p.

Kennett, C. E. 1958. Some predacious mites of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae and Aceosejinae (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Aceosejidae) from central California with des- criptions of new species. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 51:472 -479.

Lee, M. S., and D. W. Davis. 1968. Life History and behavior of the predatory mite TyphZodromus occidentales in Utah. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61:251-5.

McMurtry, J. A. and G. T. Scriven. 1964. Studies on the feeding, reproduction and development of Amblyseius hibisci (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) on various food substan- ces. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 51:649 -55.

McMurtry, J. A., and G. T. Scriven. 1965. Life- history studies of AmbZyseius limo - nicus with comparative observations on AmbZyseius hibisci (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58:106 -11.

McMurtry, J. A., and G. T. Scriven. 1966. The influence of pollen and prey density on the number of prey consumed by Amblyseius hibisci (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59 :147 -9.

McMurtry, J. A., and G. T. Scriven. 1966a. Studies on predator -prey interactions between Amblyseius hibisci and Oligonychus punicae (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetran- ychidae) under greenhouse conditions. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59:793 -800.

McMurtry, J. A., and G. T. Scriven. 1968. Studies on predator -prey interactions between AmbZyseius hibisci and Oligonychus punicae: effects of host -plant condi- tioning and limited quantities of an alternate food. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.

61:393-7.

McMurtry, J. A., and G. T. Scriven. 1971. Predation by Amblyseius Zimonicus on Oligonychus punicae (Acarina): Effects of initial predator -prey ratios and prey distribution. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64(1):219 -224.

Muma, M. H. 1955. Phytoseiidae (Acarina) associated with citrus in Florida. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 48(4):262 -272.

Muma, M. H. 1961. Subfamilies, genera and species of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Meso- stigmata). Bull. Fla. State Mus. 5(7) :267 -302.

Muma, M. H. 1962. New Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) from Florida. Fla.

Entomol. 45(1):1-10.

Muma, M. H. 1963. The genus Galendromus Muma, 1961. (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Fla. Entomol. Suppl. 1:15 -41.

39

Muma, M. H. 1964. Annotated list and keys to Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) associated with Florida citrus. Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 685:1 -42.

Muma, M. H. 1965. Eight new Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) from Florida. Fla. Entomol. 48(4):245 -254.

Muma, M. H. 1967. New Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) from southern Asia. Fla. Entomol. 50(4):267 -280.

Muma, M. H. 1968. Phytoseiidae of sand -pine litter. Fla. Entomol. 51(1):37 -44.

Muma, M. H. 1970. The natural control potential of Galendromus floridanus (Muma) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) on Tetranychidae on Florida citrus trees. Fla. Entomol. 53:79 -88.

Muma, M. H. 1971. Food habits of Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) including common species on Florida citrus. Fla. Entomol. 54(1):21-34.

Muma, M. H., and H. A. Denmark. 1968. Some generic descriptions and name changes in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Fla. Entomol. 51:229 -40.

Muma, M. H., and H. A. Denmark. 1969, The consipicua species -group of TyphZodromina Muma, 1961. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62:406 -13.

Muma, M. H., H. A. Denmark, and D. DeLeon. 1971. Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostig- mata) of Florida. Arthropods of Fla. and Neighboring Land Areas. 6 :1 -150.

Muma, M. H., and D. Johnston. Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) in Ohio. Bull. Ohio Natural History Survey. In press.

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Poe, S. L. 1970. Two new phytoseiid mites from Missouri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 63(5) :1279 -1282.

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Zack, R. E. 1969. Seven new species and records of phytoseiid mites from Missouri (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 42(1):68 -80.

40

Diagnostic Characters of Phytoseiidae

(Plate I)

Six upper figures subfamily Amblyseiinae; six lower figures subfamily Phytoseiinae.

ap - apotele

at - atrium

cl - clunal setae

cs - caudal setae

cx - cervix

D1 -D4 dorsal setae

do - denticule (teeth)

ds - dorsal scutum

exs - exopodal scutum of leg IV

ff - fixed finger

ft - foot

gs - genital scutum

h - heel

L1 -L9 - lateral setae

1p - lateral process

Ml -M3 - median setae

ma - major duct

mf - movable finger

mi - minor duct

mp - metapodal scuta

41

ms - metasternal Scutum

p - peritreme

pd - pilus dentilis

pas - preanal setae

pp - preanal pore

ps - peritremal scutum

S1 -S2 - sublateral setae

s - stigma (stigmata)

Sge IV - genual macroseta of leg IV

sh - shank

sp - secondary pore (accessory)

ss - stigmata] scutum

St IV - basitarsal macroseta of leg IV

Sti IV - tibial macroseta of leg IV

sts - sternal scutum

t - toe

v - vertical setae

vas - ventrianal scutum

vs - ventrolateral setae

MI

03 S2 2

s M3 ss L6 Sp L 7

exs cI- L

,_--Pd _od n mf

sgelV stiIV

stIV

s

42

Plate II

Proprioseiopsis asetus (Chant):

fig. 1, dorsal view; fig. 2, ventral

structures; fig. 3, metasternal scutum; fig. 4, posterior peritremal and stig- matal development; fig. 5, spermatheca; fig. 6, spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis circulus, new

species: Fig. 7, dorsal view; fig. 8,

ventral structures; fig. 9, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 10, spermatheca; fig. 11, sperma-

todactyl.

Proprioseiopsis exopodalis (Ken-

nett): fig. 12, dorsal view; fig. 13,

ventral structures; fig. 14, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 15, spermatheca; fig. 16, sperma- todactyl; fig. 17, ventrianal scutum.

43

16

15

Ó

32 31

44

26

25

Plate III

Proprioseiopsis fragariae (Ken- nett): fig. 18, dorsal view; fig. 19,

ventral structures; fig. 20, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 21, spermatheca; fig. 22, sperma- todactyl.

Proprioseiopsis marrubiae, new species: fig. 23, dorsal view; fig. 24, ventral structures; fig. 25, che- licerae (paratype); fig. 26, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 27, spermatheca ( paratype).

Proprioseiopsis poculus, new species: fig. 28, dorsal view; fig. 29, ventral structures; fig. 30, pos- terior peritremal and stigmatal devel- opment; fig. 31, spermatheca; fig. 32, spermatodactyl.

Plate IV

Proprioseiopsis rotundus (Muma):

fig. 33, dorsal view; fig. 34, ventral

structures; fig. 35, posterior peritre-

mal and stigmatal development; fig. 36,

spermatheca; fig. 37, spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis solens (DeLeon): fig. 38, dorsal view; fig. 39, ventral

structures; fig. 40, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; fig.

41, spermatheca; fig. 42 spermatodactyl.

Proprioseiopsis temperus Muma and Johnston: fig. 42a, dorsal view; fig.

43, ventral structures; fig. 44, pos-

terior peritremal and stigmatal devel- opment; fig. 45, spermatheca; fig. 46

spermatodactyl.

45

62

46

56

S5

56a

Plate V

54

Chelaseius fioridanus (Muma): fig. 47, dorsal view; fig. 48, ventral structures; fig. 49, chelicerae; fig. 50, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 51, spermatheca; fig. 52, spermatodactyl; fig. 53, ventrianal scutum.

Eharius, new genus, chergui (Athias -Henriot): fig. 54, dorsal view; fig. 55, ventral structures; fig. 56, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 56a, spermatheca; fig. 56b, spermatheca with spermato- phore; fig. 57, spermatodactyl.

Arrenoseius paiustris (Chant): fig. 58, dorsal view; fig. 59, ventral structures; fig. 60, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; fig. 61, spermatheca; fig. 62, spermato- dactyl.

Plate VI

Typhlodromips kennetti (Schuster and

Pritchard): fig. 63, dorsal view; fig.

64, ventral structures; fig. 65, posterior

peritremal and stigmatal development; fig.

66, spermatheca.

Typhlodromips ZateraZis, new species: fig. 67, dorsal view; fig. 68, ventral

structures; fig. 69, metasternal scutum;

fig. 70, posterior peritremal and stigma-

tal development; fig. 71, spermatheca.

Typhlodromips tornadus Muma and

Johnston: fig. 72, dorsal view; fig. 73,

ventral structures; fig. 74, posterior peritremal and stigmatal structures; fig.

75, spermatheca.

47

0'

73

74

72

78

48

80

Plate VII

NeoseiuZus aurescens (Athias- Henriot): fig. 76, dorsal view; fig. 77, ventral structures; fig. 78, pos- terior peritremal and stigmatal devel- opment; fig. 79, spermatheca.

NeoseiuZus comitatus (DeLeon): fig. 80, dorsal view; fig. 81, ventral structures; fig. 82, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; fig. 83, spermatheca; fig. 84, spermato- dactyl.

NeoseiuZus desertus (Chant): fig. 85, dorsal view; fig. 86, ventral structures; fig. 87, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; fig. 88, spermatheca.

90

91

94

89

Plate VIII

Neoseiuius faiiacis (Garman): fig. 89, dorsal view; fig. 90, ventral

structures; fig. 91, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; figs.

92 and 93, spermathecae (variations); fig 94, spermatodactyl; fig. 95, ven-

trianal scutum.

Neoseiuius fallacoides, new spe- cies: fig. 96, dorsal view; fig. 97,

ventral structures; fig. 98, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 99, spermatheca.

Neoseiuius graciiis (Muma): fig.

100, dorsal view; fig. 101, ventral structures; fig. 102, metapodal scuta; fig. 103, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 104, sper- matheca; fig. 105, spermatodactyl.

49

103

104 102

100

105

107

123

118

109 110

124 120

119

50

113

115

112

1149

116

Plate IX

114

Neoseiulus montanus, new species: fig. 106, dorsal view; fig. 107, ven-

tral structures; fig. 108, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 109, spermatheca (holotype); fig.

110, spermatheca (paratype).

Neoseiulus mumai (Denmark): fig.

111, dorsal view; fig. 112, ventral

strucutres; fig. 113, posterior peri- tremal and stigmatal development; fig.

114, metapodal scuta; fig. 114a, sper- matheca; fig. 115, spermatodactyl; fig. 116, ventrianal scutum.

Neoseiulus setulus (Fox): fig.

117, dorsal view; fig. 118, ventral structures; fig. 119, chelicerae; fig.

120, posterior peritremal and stigma -

tal development; figs. 121 and 122,

spermathecae (variations); fig. 123,

spermatodactyl; fig. 124, ventrianal scutum.

126

Plate X

NeoseiuZus sporobolus, new spe- cies; fig. 125, dorsal view; fig. 126, ventral structures; fig. 127, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 128, spermatheca (paratype).

NeoseiuZus vallis (Schuster and Pritchard): fig. 129, dorsal view; fig. 130, ventral structures; fig. 131, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; figs. 132 and 133, sper- mathecae (variations); fig. 134, sper- matodactyl.

NeoseiuZus zzvoeZferi (Dosse): fig. 135, dorsal view; fig. 136, ven- tral structures; fig. 137, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 138, spermatheca; fig. 139, sper- matodactyl.

51

133

144 143 145

52

148

Plate XI

TyphZodromina gramina, new species: fig. 140, dorsal view; fig. 141, ventral structures; fig. 142, posterior peritre- mal and stigmatal development; fig. 143, spermatheca (holotype); figs. 144 and 145, spermathecae (paratype variations); fig. 146, spermatodactyl.

TyphZodromina pini (Chant): fig. 147, dorsal view; fig. 148, ventral structures; fig. 149, posterior peritre- mal and stigmatal development; fig. 150, spermatheca; fig. 151, spermatodactyl.

Metaseiulus nelson (Chant): fig. 152, dorsal view; fig. 153, ventral structures; fig. 154, posterior peritre- mal and stigmatal development; fig. 155, spermatheca; fig. 156, spermatodactyl.

161 160

158

Plate XII

Metaseiulus vaZidus (Chant): fig.

157, dorsal view; fig. 158, ventral

structures; fig. 159, posterior peri - tremai and stigmatal development; fig.

160, spermatheca; fig. 161, spermato- dactyl.

GaZendromus (Menaseius) deZeoni, new species: fig. 162, dorsal view; fig. 163, ventral structures; fig. 164,

posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 165, spermatheca.

GaZendromus (Menaseius) flumenis (Chant): fig. 166, dorsal view; fig.

167, ventral structures; fig. 168, pos-

terior peritremal and stigmatal devel- opment; fig. 169, spermatheca; fig.

170, spermatodactyl.

53

165

163

180

184

54

177

Plate X111

Galendromus (Menaseius) mexicanus Muma: fig. 171, dorsal view; fig. 172, ventral structures; fig. 173, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 174; spermatheca; fig. 175, sper- matodactyl.

Galendromus (Menaseius) pomoides Schuster and Pritchard: fig. 176, dor- sal view; fig. 177, ventral structures; fig. 178, posterior peritremal and stig- matal development; fig. 179, spermatheca.

Galendromus (Mugidromus) reticulus, new species: fig. 180, dorsal view; fig. 181, ventral structures; fig. 182, posterior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 183, spermatheca; fig. 184, spermatodactyl.

Plate XIV

Galendromus (Mugidromus) serratus, new species: fig. 185, dorsal view; fig. 186, ventral structure; fig. 187, poster- ior peritremal and stigmatal development; fig. 188, spermatheca.

Berethria arizonica, new species: fig. 189, dorsal view; fig. 190, ventral structures; fig. 191, posterior peritre- mal and stigmatal development; fig. 192, spermatheca.

55