PICM LABORATORY - École Polytechnique

GENERALSAFETYGUIDELINES

PICMLABORATORY

GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR THE LPICM 1

Laboratoire de Physique des interfaces et des Couches Minces – LPICM - UMR 7647 This document and the information it contains are the property of the LPICM.

It should not be reproduced, distributed, or used without explicit written consent.

SUMMARY

SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................................................1

I. GENERALINFORMATION................................................................................................................2 1. Subject .............................................................................................................................................................2 2. Domain of applicability ....................................................................................................................................2 3. Reference Documents .....................................................................................................................................2 4. Legal Documents .............................................................................................................................................2 5. Terminology, Abbreviations, and Translations ................................................................................................3

II. WORKPLACEBLUEPRINTS.............................................................................................................5

III. DESCRIPTIONOFSAFETYMEASURES..................................................................................12

IV. CONTACTINFORMATIONFORTHEECOLEPOLYTECHNIQUE.....................................12 1. Emergency Numbers .................................................................................................................................... 12 2. Useful EP phone numbers ............................................................................................................................ 12 3. Useful LPICM phone numbers ...................................................................................................................... 13 4. Useful THALES phone numbers .................................................................................................................... 13

V. GENERALSAFETYREGULATIONS..............................................................................................14 1. Medical Observation .................................................................................................................................... 14 2. Solitary Work ................................................................................................................................................ 14 3. Workplace accident or during work‐related travel ...................................................................................... 14 4. Fire Safety Organisation ............................................................................................................................... 14 5. Evacuation Organisation ............................................................................................................................... 16 6. Safety Risks Present at the LPICM ................................................................................................................ 17 7. Risks Linked to Joint Activity with Outside Contractors ............................................................................... 19 8. Chemical Risks .............................................................................................................................................. 24 9. Instructions on the management of chemical and biological waste ............................................................ 26 10. Usage of compressed gases .......................................................................................................................... 26 11. Safety Procedures Concerning the Use of Dangerous Chemicals ................................................................ 33 12. Risks linked to the handling of cryogenic gases or liquids ............................................................................ 34 13. Laser use risk ................................................................................................................................................ 38 14. Safety Precautions ........................................................................................................................................ 42 Signs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 50

ANNEXES.....................................................................................................................................................52




I. GENERALINFORMATION

1. Subject This safety document: "GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR THE LPICM", summarizes the differents risks that workers may encounter during their professional activities at the LPICM –CNRS (Laboratory de Physique des Interfaces et des Couches Minces) laboratory, located at the Ecole Polytechnique (EP) in Palaiseau. It also describes the safety precautions put into place to minimize such risks to the health and safety of the workers, and to the environment. This does not constitute and exhaustive guide, but rather a practical one.

2. Domain of applicability The instructions and guidelines herein must be respected by all personnel working within the LPICM, regardless of their position (EP, CNRS, or CEA employee, or employee of a private company working on contract, (TRT, HORIBA, TOTAL, ….), collaborator, doctoral student, or intern, or any personnel from an outside institution).

3. Reference Documents Thalès Research and Technology France Collective and Individual General Safety Dossier The LPICM thanks the management of Thales Research and Technology France, Palaiseau, for authorising the use of their Group and Individual Safety Dossier in producing our own such documents (Annex 1).

4. Legal Documents

a) Workplace Health and Safety Register The Workplace Health and Safety Register inventories :

accidents and incidents that put at risk the safety of personnel or property the analysis of said incidents and accidents risks identified and measures deployed to mitigate these risks technical procedures related to safety, such as scheduled maintenance and repairs,...

The EP has put into circulation two types of Workplace Health and Safety registers :

one for use only by EP departments (sporting only the EP logo) one for use by mixed CNRS/EP laboratories (CNRS and EP logos)

The existing register is an sample that can be duplicated as many times as necessary. The Workplace Health and Safety Registry must be made accesible to all workers, in all departments regardless of size, in order to collect all observations and suggestions relating to




workplace safety and improvements in working conditions (documents are stored online on the ADONIS server).

b) Comprehensive Risk Assessment Document (Document Unique (DU)) (stored online on ADONIS))

The DU compiles, each year or after any major modifications (to experiments, rooms, buildings, safety measures) the list of risks identified within the laboratory. For the LPICM, these risks are listed room by room. An annual plan to address and mitigate these risks, prioritized by urgency, is put into place. The DU must be written by each Group Director, assisted by the Occupational Health and Safety Officers (OHSO). As for the Workplace Health and Safety Register, the DU is consulted by HSE commission on the occasion of their annual laboratory visit. These two legal documents (a and b) can be consulted through the OHSO's.

c) New arrivals Under the responsibility of their supervisor, new arrivals must be introduced to the OHSO's. They are authorised to work on the premises once they have:

Read and understood the Rules and Regulations of the LPICM, and the collected technical aspects of the health and safety instructions and guidelines,

Watched, in its entirety, the Powerpoint Presentation "LPICM Safety" (English and French versions available on ADONIS).

Completed the "Health Risk Exposure" spreadsheet, together with their supervisor (thesis director, internship supervisor, host, etc.).

Signed the two necessary documents (electronic version on the Adonis server) which confirm that the safety instructions have been understood.

Special Cases : For a student, intern, or short-term visitor (less than a year), a risk assessment must be filled with the supervisor and submitted to the occupational HSO's (on the ADONIS server).

5. Terminology, Abbreviations, and Translations SHSE Health, Safety, and Workplace Service Service Hygiène, Sécurité, Environnement CMR Carcinogen, Mutagenic, Teratogens Cancérogène, Mutagène, Reprotoxique (toxique pour la reproduction) NF French Standard Norme française FDS Safety Data Sheet Fiche de Données de Sécurité LN2 Liquid Nitrogen Azote liquide LHe Liquid Helium Hélium liquide ARI Independant Respiration System Appareil Respiratoire Isolant UV Ultraviolet IR Infrared Infrarouge HFL Laminar Flow Fume Hood Hotte à Flux Laminaire à extraction EPI Individual Protection Equipment Equipement de Protection Individuelle CE European Community Communauté Européenne




CEE European Economic Community Communauté Economique Européenne SPIS Fire and Safety Protection Services Service de Protection Incendie et de Sécurité SMED Medical Services Service Médical ERC Joint Research Team Equipe de Recherche Commune (Total – LPICM) AT Workplace Accident Accident du Travail THT Very High Voltage Très Haute Tension INRS National Institute for Research and Safety Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité SST Workplace Safety First Responder Sauveteur Secouriste du Travail CCTP Description Cahier des Clauses Techniques Particulières LIE Lower limit of Inflammability and Explosivity Limite inflammable d‘Explosivité VME Occupational Exposure Limit Valeur Moyenne d‘Exposition HP High Pressure Haute Pression SiH4 Silane CH4 Methane H2 Hydrogen O2 Oxygen NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide Dioxyde d’azote O3 Ozone PH3 Phosphine DPI Property Management Services Direction du Patrimoine Immobilier B2H6 Diborane TMB Trimethylboron PH3 Phosphine GeH4 Germane DU Comprehensive Workplace Risk Assessment Document Unique BP Low Pressure Basse Pression




II. WORKPLACEBLUEPRINTS Wing 2 (Aile 2)






















III. DESCRIPTIONOFSAFETYMEASURES The regulations of reference European directive dated June 12 1989, translated into French law by the bill dated December 31, 1989, and then into the labour code through articles L.4221-1 and its antecedents. "The employer must take the necessary measures to ensure the safety and health (both physical and mental) of their workers." The general principles of risk avoidance are the following, in order of decreasing importance:

Risk avoidance, Risk assessment for unavoidable risks, Risk reduction, Workplace ergonomics, Incorporating technological advancements, Repolacement of dangerous processes by safer ones Establishment of a Health and Safety Office, Putting appropriate means in place. Place preference on collective safety above individual

safety. Adjustment of means with changes to workplace Continuous improvement of worplace conditions Make safety instructions clear

Every workplace condition should result in a risk assessment.

IV. CONTACTINFORMATIONFORTHEECOLEPOLYTECHNIQUE

1. Emergency Numbers SPIS EMERGENCY CONTACT from an inside line: dial 18 or 3433 EMERGENCY CONTACT from an outside line (including cell phone): dial 01 69 33 34 33 Note : If you dial 18 from your cell phone, you will be connected with the city firestation, and not the EP firestation. At minimum, this will cause a 10 minute delay in response time.

2. Useful EP phone numbers

Medical Station 39-06 Head Doctor for EP 39-01 Secrétariat SMED 39-00 Service de médecine de prévention 39-20 Service HSE 37-37 or 37-38




3. Useful LPICM phone numbers Laboratory Director : Pere Roca i Cabarrocas : 43-14 Permanent Laboratory Project Manager (Lobby Boy) : Jean-Luc MONCEL : 43-61 ou 06 12 13 31 36 LPICM Administration : Laurence Corbel 43-03 Health and Safety Officers : Jean-Luc MONCEL : 43-61 Cyril JADAUD : 43 58 Jérôme CHARLIAC : 43 75 Health and Safety First Responders (SST) : Jean-Luc MONCEL 43-61 Cyril JADAUD 43-58 Marc CHATELET 43 27 Electrical Certification : Garry Kitchner ROSE : 43-79 Laser Safety (LPICM but not ERC) Marc CHAIGNEAU : 43-69 ERC Total – LPICM Ludovic HUDANSKI 43-42 Personnel certified for the evacuation of premises towards the meeting place: For building 406 (Main floor) : Eric PAILLASSA43-68 For building 406 (Second Floor) : Cyril JADAUD 43-58 ou JL MONCEL 43-61 For building 408 : Marc CHATELET 43-27 For Wing 4 mezzanines, RDC et cave : Enric GARCIA-CAUREL 43-29 For Wing 2 (Orgatech): Bernard GEOFFROY 43-82 For the 404 ERC pre-fabs (TOTAL – LPICM) : Antoine SALOMON 43-38

Personnel certified for chemistry supply management: Denis TONDELIER 43-87 Erik JOHNSON 43-19 Personnes certified to change gas cylinders : Jean-Luc MONCEL 43-61 Cyril JADAUD 43-58 Pavel BULKIN 43-24 Peré ROCA I CABARROCAS 43-14

4. Useful THALES phone numbers Reference: TRT phone listing

Front Desk 1117 ou 01 69 41 55 00 Emergency 18 Nurse's station 15 Health and Safety Services (HSE) : HSE Engineer Chantal Fresnay 01 69 41 56 54 HSE Technician Laurence DELHUMEAU 01 69 41 56 53 HSE Technician Serge MONTBLANC 01 69 41 56 49




V. GENERALSAFETYREGULATIONS All newly arrived personnel, even short term staff, must be introduced to the OHSO's. According to the risks to which they will be exposed, they will receive safety training and other specific information concerning safety in the laboratory. All new personnel must read all the LPICM safety documents.

1. Medical Observation All workers, regardless of position or employer, must have regular contact with the occupational health physician (MDT). His/her role is a purely preventitive one. The "Health Risk Exposure" spreadsheet (Annex 2) must be filled out by any new employee. This spreadsheet must be given to the SMP, as it allows one to track the exposure to risk of the employee.

2. Solitary Work (With reference to Laboratory Rules and Regulations chap E-5) No solitary work that presents a risk to the individual (use of chemical products, of gases, of any electrical sources, of lasers, etc) may be undertaken without having alerted a colleague present on the worksite, and without having given said colleague the necessary information for a rapid and exact emergency response (Room number and telephone number). Concerning work taking place outside of normal working hours, please refer to the laboratory Rules and Regulations (Chapter D-1-b) and to Annex 3 (Letter from Director of CNRS).

3. Workplace accident or during work‐related travel "Any accident that occurs because of or during work, to any employee or person working in any capacity for one or multiple employers, is considered a workplace accident" Article L 411-1 of the French Social Security Code Any person who experiences a workplace accident (AT) or an accident during work-related travel must inform the medical services and their direct supervisor (cf. LPICM Rules and Regulations C-4) so that this accident is noted. This information should be transmitted as quickly as possible, of preference during the same day that the accident occurred, unless extenuating circumstances make this impossible. For all types of accidents or illnesses, it is recommended to contact the Fire Service (18 from an internal line or 01 6933 3433 from a mobile phone). The Fire Serve staff will direct all further actions as a function of the situation that occurs. In all cases, it is strongly not advised to aid the victim to another location under his own strength, to avoid a secondary accident, unless obvious circumstances exist (fire, etc).

4. Fire Safety Organisation The sample schematic shown below is present on all the evacuation path maps, to be followed in case of an evacuation, fire, or accident.




a) Fire Permit

A Fire Permit is a necessary document produced by the SPIS for all work to be done using a hot-point (heat-based gluing) or by flame (soldering or welding), either inside or outside. It is to be requested in advance (24h) and expires after no more than one day. It is signed by an agent of the SPIS, the supervisor of the requested work in the presence of the OHSO, and the person or company performing the work.




Alert the Fire Station at 18 or 3433 (from a fixed line) once work concerning a Fire Permit is finished, before leaving the premises. The fireservice personnel will verify the work zone at the end of the day before reactivating any fire detection devices.

b) Fire Training: Practice on Actual Fire The OHSO's organize regularly scheduled drills employing real fire extinguishers on actual fires. These training sessions are supervised by one or more fireservice personnel from the SPIS. These annual training sessions are obligatory.

5. Evacuation Organisation Evacuation Directions Upon hearing the evacuation signal emitted by the relevant auditory alarms, you must do the following:

a) Before leaving your work post:

In the laboratory: put your experimental equipment into a safe state. For example: o cut any non-cooling fluids, turn off any hot-plates or heat-baths, and in particular,

remove any products being heated, o Cut the electrical supply where appropriate, and all gas flow, using the emergency

push-button present in all rooms. Stop all machines that could pose a risk to first-responders.

Close all doors and windows (do not lock)

Assist or guide any personnel with reduced mobility, any guests, or external staff doing for-

hire work for you or near you,

NEVER RETURN TO AN EVACUATED SPACE NEVER USE ELEVATORS IN AN EMERGENCY

b) Make your way on foot to the gathering point (visitors external parking) using the closest available and safe exit (absence of smoke). The emergency exits are indicated by a green sign, as shown below.




IT IS STRONGLY ADVISED NOT TO LEAVE THE WORKPLACE

c) At the gathering point: : Identify yourself to the laboratory director, to an OHSO, or to the person in charge of the evacuation for your sector (serre-file) to permit a survey of personnel present to be taken.

Ensure that your immediate neighbor in the workplace is present. Provide any useful information you may have (particularly concerning running experiments)

d) Why evacuate? Remove personnel from the danger-zone Empty the danger-zone of non-essential staff to allow the intervention of first-responders

In each building, close to each entry and exit point, evacuation maps are posted indicated the emergency exits and the evacuation paths to be followed (indicated by green arrows).

A SURVEY OF PERSONNEL WILL BE DONE AT THE GATHERING POINT

e) Role of evacuation guides (serre-files)

The role of the evacuation guides is to ensure the complete evacuation of the work-space (including offices, meeting rooms, and toilets). They ensure the evacuation of staff to the gathering points. They report to the persons responsible for the evacuation (firestation staff) at the gathering point that their zone has been emptied of personnel and of any anomalies (refusals of evacuation or inaccessibility of an area).

f) Activation of Evacuation Sirens Evacuation drills are regularly performed by the SPIS. Note: Once the evacuation siren is activated, the fire-doors close automatically and all badged exit doors are unlocked.

6. Safety Risks Present at the LPICM The risks present at the LPICM can be classified into two categories: general and specific risks. The general dangers present in the laboratory are present for all activities on the site: • Fire hazard • Electrical hazard • Hazards linked to work with an outside company doing work on-site Specific dangers are encountered due to the particular activities present at the LPICM. They are linked to the use of particular chemicals or to the use of equipment that presents specific risks, such as:

Chemical risks Risks due to the use of lasers




Risks linked to dangerous gases (either inflammable, explosive, pyrophoric, highly toxic, or simply with a risk of suffocation)

a) Fire Risk The three components necessary for the occurrence of a fire are the following: a combustable element (wood, paper, cardboard, oil), a carburant (oxygen from the ambient, but also burning nitric acid, bromide, …) and energy (a flame, heat, spark, or electrical discharge). This is called the triangle of fire. The first principle of fire prevention consists of avoiding the simultaneous occurrence of these three components, by following a few simple rules:

Never throw cigarette butts anywhere other than an ashtray. Only smoke where permitted. Forbidden zones may be due to the general law forbidding workplace smoking (the Evin law 91-32 dated January 1991) or due to a safety measure because of a fire risk near inflammable materials being used or stored,

Electrical sockets are designed for a specific electrical power. Do not overload a circuit with ill-advised setups. The use of multiple power bars in series is forbidden.

Never store combustible matierials (solvents) near heaters Never cover a heater with clothing or any other object Combustible products should be stored in an appropriate storage area.

What to do in case of fire? If you find a fire or are disturbed by the odor or presence of smoke, you must,

- Dial or get someone to dial 18 from any telephone post - Indicate: THE LOCATION AND THE NATURE OF THE INCIDENT (Fire, smoke,

odors, …) AND IF THERE ARE INJURED PARTIES - CUT electrical power - CLOSE gas lines (emergency gas cutoff, gas valves) - FIGHT THE FIRE WITH THE HELP OF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER. If the fire

cannot be put out with a single extinguisher, do not take any unnecessary risks - Before leaving the location, CLOSE any doors and windows to prevent the fire spreading.

b) Electrical Risk Before plugging in any electrical equipment, the user must ensure

That the connectors (sockets and power bars) are in good condition The integrity of all cable coverings and to prevent any use of defective material, as every

person has the duty of alerting the presence of danger. Defective electrical equipment should be rendered unusable (by cutting the cord, for example) and must be returned to the technical services of the laboratory to be destroyed at an appropriate time (when the end-of-life disposal of electrical, electronic, and computing equipment). They should be replaced by equipment meeting regulations.




Damaged power cable Defective power bar Burnt connector In the case of electrical shock, it is vital to provide first aid to the victim as the chances of survival are the greatest when it is provided within the first three minutes (75% survival rate). The table below gives the effect of AC current at 50-60Hz passing through the human body. Current traversing the human body Effect on person 1 mA Sensation on skin 5mA Electrical shock perceived 10mA Non-release of grip 25mA (3 minutes) Paralysis of respiratory muscles 40 mA (5 minutes) 80 mA (1 second)

Cardiac fibrillation (death likely without intervention)

2 A Damage to nervous system operation (death likely without intervention)

Electrical Safety Instructions In case of accident

- CUT electrical power to the room or to the piece of equipment using emergency stops or at electrical panel

- Dial (or get someone to dial) 18 from any available telephone, and give the following information

o LOCATION o NATURE OF INCIDENT o CONDITION OF VICTIM (conscious, paralysed, burnt)

- PROVIDE ASSISTANCE to the victim if you are trained in first-aid

7. Risks Linked to Joint Activity with Outside Contractors (With reference to Risk Assessment for Outside Contractors: Annex 4) Having to work in an environment outside of one's habits and where unfamiliar activities take place leads to additional hazards concerning workplace accidents. A consultation in advance is therefore obligatory before any work done by an outside contractor " dans un établissement pour le compte d'une entreprise utilisatrice.". The decree of February 20, 1992 provided specific guidelines for health and safety applicable to such a situation. These guidelines have the goal of instituting a general coordination between the user and all the contractors doing work (including sub-contractors) before, during, and after the work is done. The measures taken are described in the Risk Assessment Document. It aims to mitigate the risks linked to interferences between different activities, installations, and equipment, as well as different personnel (users and contractors).




The Risk Assessment Document should be written before the start of work: - If the work to be done will have a total length of more than 400 hours over 12 months, or - If the work will be dangerous (as defined by Order A dated March 18 1993).

a) Guidelines to writing Risk Assessment Document

(with reference to the French labour code, R4511 to R4514) The work of an outside contractor within the grounds of the EP can lead to dangers for both the personnel of the contractor and of the laboratory, for reasons already explained. To minimize such risks, it is necessary to analyze and anticipate any accidents and incidents that could take place. This analysis, done before the external contractor begins work, must be formalized in a Risk Assessment Document to be issued the day that work commences.

a) Domain of Applicability

The RAD must be written for any work done by an outside contractor on the grounds of the EP in the following cases:

- The work presents specific risks appearing in the list in the Order dated March 18 1993 (see above)

- The work will include over 400 man-hours within a 12 month period, either continuously or over multiple periods.

- This calculation is performed by multiplying the number of employees by the hours worked in a year (Example: Cleaning Staff: 11 employees, weekly work (5 days per week) 5.5 hours/day. Over 12 months: 11 x 5 x 5.5 x 52 = 15730 hours

- The work includes coordinated work between EP staff and the outside contractor.

The RAD must be written in cooperation with the outside contractor. All outside contractors (including sub-contractors) must sign the RAD. All personnel working on the work site must be aware of the RAD before the start of work. The RAD must be submitted for acceptance to the SHSE service of the EP at least 8 days before work begins, before then being signed by the head of the service responsible for overseeing the work to be done.

b) Responsibility The RAD's must be jointly written by the "chargés de travaux", that is to say the personnel at the origin of the work order (DPI, Fire and Safety (SPIS), or the laboratory) or any entity requesting the work , and the appropriate authority for the outside contractor. In the event that the work has been ordered by a service of the EP (DPI, SPIS, or SHSE) and are being done on the premises of a laboratory, a work authorization (WA) must be written for each room concerned. The particular risks associated with each room should be outlined in this WA by the laboratory (with reference to Guidelines for Work Authorization).

c) Guidelines

Two types of contract work necessitate the formulation of a RAD:




- An RAD for brief, time-limited works: A preliminary visit to the worksite is necessary for this type of RAD. The workplace inspector (inspecteur de travail) should be informed about the start of work. - Annual RAD: This type of RAD is written for all (cleaning services, consultants, etc) or for maintenance contracts (heating, etc). It is valid for one year and can be extended indefinitely if no changes are to be made to the nature of the contract nor the methodology employed. A copy of the RAD should be kept by both parties throughout the length of the contract work.

A guide to writing an RAD is provided in Annex 4.




d) List of dangerous work (Order dated March 19 1993)

1. Work causing exposure to ionizing radiation. 2. Work causing exposure to substances of the following nature: explosive, combustible, easily or very inflammable, toxic or very toxic, novices, carcinogenic, mutagenic, causing birth defects, causing reproductive hazards (according to article R.231-51 of the Labour Code). Travaux exposant à des substances et préparations explosives, comburantes, extrêmement inflammables, facilement inflammables, très toxiques, toxiques, novices, cancérogènes, mutagènes, toxiques vis-à-vis de la reproduction, au sens de l’article R.231-51 du code du travail. 3. Work causing exposure to pathogenic biological agents. 4. Work done in an installation for which an internal operations plan was formulated (applying article 17 of modified decree number 77-1133 dated Septembre 21, 1977). 5. Maintenance on equipment (other than equipment and accessories for levage/husbandry?) which must undergo regular verifications (according to Labour Code – article R.233-11) as well as the following types of equipment: Travaux de maintenance sur les équipements de travail, autres que les appareils et accessoires de levage, qui doivent faire l’objet des vérifications périodiques prévues à l’article R.233-11 du code du travail, ainsi que les équipements suivants : - véhicules à benne basculante ou cabine basculante ; - machines à cylindre ; - machines that present a danger as defined in the the second and third alineas of Article 233-29 of the Labour Code. 6. Transformative works, as defined in the norm NF P 82-212, on elevators (incl. freight), escalators, moving sidewalks, and automated car parking machines. 7. Maintenance work on facilities at very high or very low temperature. 8. Work requiring a crane, overhead beam, or transstockeurs. Travaux comportant le recours à des ponts roulants ou des grues ou transstockeurs. 9. Work requiring Travaux comportant le recours aux treuils et appareils assimilés mus à la main, installés temporairement au-dessus d’une zone de travail ou de circulation. 10. Work causing exposure to contact with bare electrical components at a voltage higher than TBT (very low voltage). 11. Works requiring the use of equipment to which article R.233-9 of the Labour Code applies. 12. Works on building and public works causing exposure to the danger of falling from a height of more than 3 metres (as described in Article 5 of Decree #65-48, dated January 8 1965. � Note: The limit of 3 metres is no longer applicable – all works done at an elevated height are considered dangerous (Decree dated September 1, 2004). 13. Work causing exposure to an average daily noise level of 90dB (A) or a peak noise level of 140 dB. 14. Work causing exposure to a danger of drowning. 15. Travaux exposant à un risque d’ensevelissement. 16. Work concerning the assembly or disassembly of prefabricated building elements, as referenced in Article 170 of decree #65-48 dated January 8 1965. 17. Demolition work. 18. Work on or in vats or storage containers or in confined spaces. 19. Work in an ambient pressure above atmosphere.




20. Work necessitating the use of laser equipment of a class higher that Class 3A, according to norm NF EN 60825. 21. Work using an acetylene welding torch, also requiring a "Fire Permit".




e) Work Permit (Annex 5)

The formulation of a Work Permit is obligatory Reference: note from SHS of EP, dated April 22, 2004. The safety of a contract worker (whether outside enterprise or other) in an experimental room must be ensured by the person responsible for that room. To ensure this safety and the traceability of measures taken to prevent accidents, it is necessary to establish a procedure authorizing the contract work and describing the measures to take to ensure the safety of said workers. This procedure is described in the Work Permit (WP). A WP must be completed by the person responsible for the room just before the start of works, for any intervention by an outside enterprise or by a service of the EP (SPIS, DPI, …). It must be completed in duplicate and signed by the person responsible for the room, the responsible person of the service or the laboratory, and the responsible of the outside enterprise. This WP assists also to evaluate the dangers and risks present and to mitigate them. The SIE Work Order, available on the intranet, should include information necessary for the WP (name and phone number of OHSO, risk assessment and mitigation plan for works to be done in a specific experimental room). It should be recalled that global safety mechanisms are preferable to wearing personal safety equipment, EPI (eg proper lighting vs headlamps). This document should be in the possession of the contractor (either from the EP or the outside enterprise) throughout the contract work and archived for 5 years. A copy must be sent to the SHS if the experimental equipment is not to be stopped during the work. The writing of this document does not eliminate the need to obtain complementary documents such as a Fire Permit, and does not replace a RAD.

8. Chemical Risks Chemicals are present in the laboratory in various forms and are in daily use. It is vital to be able to identify the risks that each chemical poses.

a) Labelling Most chemicals present one of the following characteristics: inflammable, combustible, toxic, or corrosive. The labelling of chemicals is regulated by a complex set of rules. The standardized label informs the user about the most serious risks associated with the substance. In general, this label contains the following information:

Name of producer, Name of chemical, Symbols describing risks, Particular risks - Phrase R (annex 6) Safety recommendations - Phrase S (annex 7)

The following danger symbols should be recognized:




When a substance or mixture is split into multiple containers, each must be similarly labeled as the original container. All containers must be labelled clearly for the non-expert (not only the chemical formula). One can purchase pre-labelled glassware for common solvants.

b) Handling of liquid and solid chemicals If respected, some basic rules permit one to work in reasonably safe conditions: • the handling of potentially dangerous products should not be undertaken except in clean, uncrowded, and functionning fumehoods, or in an otherwise properly ventilated workspace. • additional precautions must be taken when handling flammable products (capture of vapours, keeping safe distance from heat and flame, …). For example, heat flammable liquids in a double boiler and not directly in a beaker on a hot-plate.




• in experimental rooms, it is permitted to store products in flasks, placed in a spill proofing tub, and in a ventilated storage cupboard • containers must be clearly labelled and closed • corrosive (acids and bases), toxic, or flammable products should not be stored on shelves situated above workspaces • toxic products should be stored in locked cabinets • for safety, it is forbidden to eat in the experimental rooms and to store food or drink in a refrigerator meant for chemicals. • don't use damaged glassware • respect the correct usage of chemicals – Seek to use the least dangerous operating conditions (pressure, temperature), the least dangerous chemicals (necessary operating conditions and physico-chemical properties), and those producing the least by-products or by-products for which elimination or recycling filters exist. Before the usage of any new compound, it is indispensable to take account of the risks associated with the products used and/or the by-products (physico-chemical properties, toxicity, dangerous reactions) and to adapt equipment as necessary. For the majority of compounds, a MSDS sheet must be supplied by the source. The structure of an MSDS is given in Annex 8. The entirety of the toxicology folders collected by the INRS can be consulted on the Internet: http://www.inrs.fr/ Storage of Chemicals Chemical products are stored in a locker made available by the EP. The personnel in charge of dealing with such stocks are Jerome CHARLIAC, Denis TONDELIER and Pavel BULKIN.

9. Instructions on the management of chemical and biological waste

Very detailed instructions are included in Annex 9 on the correct methods (safest and most secure) of storing and disposing of waste (chemical and/or biological) produced in the laboratories and services of EP. They must be applied by every user having access to the chemistry means Cette consigne très détaillée en annexe 9 définit les modalités de stockage et d’élimination des déchets (chimiques et / ou biologiques) générés dans les laboratoires et services de l’Ecole polytechnique, dans les meilleures conditions d’hygiène et de sécurité. Elles devront être appliquées par chaque opérateur ayant accès aux dispositifs de chimie mis à disposition par le laboratoire.

10. Usage of compressed gases

The usage of compressed gases includes various risks. They depend on the nature of the gas, as well as how it is put into use. As a consequence, the safety measures used are equally varied. Good risk prevention necessitates the consideration of the following points:

Identification of the risk, Design of gas management systems, Safety related to gas reactors,




Safety related to the area surrounding reactors, Respecting guidelines and procedures, Individual behavior in an expected or unexpected situation.

a) Risk Identification

In the laboratory, gases are classified into three categories: Low-danger gases: These are non-toxic, non-flammable gases such as argon, nitrogen and helium. Their risk lies in the fact that they displace oxygen in the ambient, risking asphyxiation. One should therefore avoid working with such gases in a confined environment. Dangerous gases: These are low-toxicity gases that are flammable or explosive, such as:

SiH4, spontaneously flammable in air under ambient conditions. CH4, flammable gas H2, explosive gas if concentration in air is greater than the LIE (~4%) O2, N2O, combustible gases, dangerous in case of a fire O3 (ozone), toxic gas

Very dangerous gases : These are very toxic gases such as diborane (B2H6), trimethylborane (TMB), phosphine (PH3), germane (GeH4), siflane (SiF4). Toxicology: Such gases act on the respiratory and vervous systems. Signs of intoxication can appear immediately after exposure, or after a latency period up to 24 hours. Serious intoxications are displayed as: difficulty breathing or coughing, headache, nausea, vertigo (dizziness), weakness, or loss of coordination. The lethal concentration over a 4 hour exposure is of the order of 30 to 90 ppm for gases such as diborane (1 ppm = 1 part per million, concentration of 1E-6). The mean exposure value over a workweek (VME for 40 hours) is therefore on the order of 0.1 ppm.

b) First-aid measures Put on a safety-breathing apparatus and remove the victim from the contaminated area. Call the rescue services by dialing 18, inform the OHSO and/or any first-responders in the area, close all gas cylinders, and prevent access to the contaminated area. Toxicology sheets for dangerous gases are have been produced by the INRS and AirLiquide; one can consult them through the OHSO's.

c) Gas management system design A gas management system is made up of a certain number of gas lines. Each one is composed of two parts:

The high pressure HP section (cylinder pressure, up to 100 atm), before the regulator The low pressure LP section (between 1-2 atm), after the regulator.




The HP sections are always located outside the building and therefore naturally ventilated. Occasionally, low-danger neutral gas cylinders may be located inside a building). These sections are affixed to an overpressure relief panel (panneau de détente). The gas installations in building 406 have an outside alveole (alveole exterieure) installed for each family of gases. The LP sections converge either on a gas-panel or on a distribution network leading to multiple gas panels. Gas-panels permit the regulation of the flows and mixtures experimentally required.




A helium leak-test is performed on each new installation, or after any modification, or after any relevant maintenance procedure. Such tests are performed by the contractor, the technical services of the lab, or the OHSO.

d) Principal elements of gas management safety

For dangerous gases, the majority of the gas installations in the lab use cylinders with

integrated pneumatic valves. The integrated valve is connected to the same actuator as the HP valve before the regulator, and both are opened by the same switch.

After the regulator, the pressure is between 1 and 2 atm, and is connected to: The gas panel of a reactor with LP valves and mass-flow controllers or (in building 406) A distribution panel with LP valves connected to multiple gas panels,

each for a different reactor. In the event of the detection of a gas leak:

An alarm is sounded The pneumatic head-valves of all gas cylinders on the same gas panel or panels are closed

(on appropriately equipped cylinders) The HP and LP valves of all gas lines on the same gas panel or panels are closed The evacuation procedure for the room or building should be implemented The reset of the system must be done by an operator (cannot be done automatically). The

reset must only be done after a proper diagnosis of the incident and after verifying the absence of any lingering danger (the presence of the OHSO's is indispensable).

If a person has been injured in the area, autonomous breathing units (ABU's – Scott Air Packs) should be worn to carry them to safety (attention: such units have 10 minutes of operation)

ABU's are available at the entrance of every zone in which a risk is present. Take notice of their location.

In the case of an overpressure in the regulated gas-line: The LP section of each dangerous gas line is equipped with a manometer that triggers upon an overpressure of 4 to 6 bars. In the event of an overpressure, the HP and LP valves are closed automatically.




Failure of the Gas Regulator: To avoid any accident related to an accidental but severe over-pressure at the regulators, they are internally equipped with a security closure. In the installations in building 406, this closure is coupled to the exhaust.

e) Reactor level safety systems:

The goal of such safety systems is to mitigate the impact of user error and element failure. In general, once an anomaly is detected, the power to critical valves is cut, thus interrupting the flow of gas, Such anomalies may be:

Overpressure in the reactor vessel; this detection is is done by the pressostat Overpressure in the exhaust; detection performed by a pressure sensor Insufficient or excessive flow of nitrogen in the exhaust; detection is done by an inductive

mass-flow detector\ As previously stated, a helium leak-test is performed on all reactors after any modification or anomaly.

f) Safety mechanisms concerning the area around reactors :

These mechanisms concern the premises where equipment is installed; these premises are frequented by staff and visitors. The safety measures put into place are the following:

Ventilation; in normal operation, ventilation systems should ensure that the air volume of the room is renewed 7-10 times per hour, This requires that the ingress and egress points of fresh air are not obstructed (voluntarily or involuntarily)

Fire Detection (Smoke Detectors): Present at the most critical points of the laboratory. Toxic/Explosive Gas Detection and Oxygen Level Systems; Present in experimental rooms

near gas cylinders, detection done by the appropriate DRAEGER detectors.




g) User response:

Typical situations: Changing gas cylinders: If you have not been trained, in no circumstance should you change a gas cylinder. Personnel trained to change a gas cylinder (Nov 2014): (?) Costel Cojocaru, Pere Roca i Cabarrocas, Pavel Bulkin, Cyril Jadaud Any work that may modify the gas distribution systems may only be performed by the OHSO's, by the personnel trained to change cylinders (above), or by a expert outside contractor. If you deem such work to be necessary, a request of work must be made to the OHSO's. Acces to the gas cylinder storage facility is only for maintenance, or the opening/closure of cylinders not equipped with automatic pneumatic valves.

Never change the settings on the gas regulators (except trained personnel) Alert the OHSO's any changes that may change the risk evaluation, For example, the installation of a new experiment (even small), the use of a new gas, change of concentration of gas used, etc….

Do not hesistate to tell the OHSO's about any and all concerns (including rumours, unsubstantiated or not)

Unforeseen situations : In the case of an emergency, insofar as possible, analyse the situation and perform the best danger-reducing tasks while remaining calm. If time permits, contact the OHSO's, and determine the best course of action with them.

In all cases, contact the OHSO's

h) Installation of gas cylinders: The connection of a gas cylinder is a very dangerous endeavor. If the connection is defective, a high pressure gas leak may occur. The technique to do so is known and should only be applied by personnel trained to do so. This procedure includes purging the line with a neutral gas (nitrogen). The purge gas line is equipped with a one-way flow valve, preventing reactive gases from entering the purge gas line,




All gas cylinders of compressed, liquefied, or dissolved gas must be handled with caution, whether they be neutral, flammable, combustible, toxic, corrosive or pyrophoric. Some general rules must be respected: Do not connect any cylinder past its due date. Before any cylinder is connected (regardless of size), the regulator must be verified to be appropriate for the pressure and type of gas, Any work on lines concerning dangerous gas lines must be done by two people, one of which being trained personnel. Appropriate safety equipment must be used (breathing apparatus, fire--proof gloves), and a portable gas detector must be immediately present, Dangerous gases (flammable, combustible, corrosive, toxic) must be stored in appropriate storage locations In certain situations, if this is not possible, they may be stored inside buildings if the following conditions are satisfied: they are of limited quantity, they are stored in a ventilated cabinet with detection (for example in ORGATECH in wing 2). This is permitted according to the toxicity and concentration of gas. All operations concerning the opening or closure of a bottle (using manual valve) should be done without tools (wrench or hammer) The treatment of the exhaust is to be studied case-by-case as a function of the gases used and produced during the process. All gas distribution systems (panels, valves, regulators, detectors, etc) are subject to regular maintenance.

To avoid accidents due to gravity, all cylinders should be fastened in place.

When being received, all gas cylinders must have a manual valve and a guard protecting this valve. Any cylinder missing these elements must be refused and returned to the manufacturer.

i) Gas cylinder identification

The norms NF EN 1089 describe the standardized identification systems for gas cylinders (marking labelling, color codes). Gas cylinders respecting the NF EN 1089-3 colour coding system will display the letter N twice on the shoulder of the cylinder.




The principal risk colour codes are:

j) Portable Detection System The laboratory is equipped with portable gas detection systems. They permit the detection of gases with an LIE (H2, CH4,...), low oxygen levels, (low O2 concentrations) and very toxic gases (B2H6,...). This equipment is available from the OHSOs.

11. Safety Procedures Concerning the Use of Dangerous Chemicals

Processes and procedures employing dangerous chemicals require that one put into use both: General safety measures (fumehoods, gloveboxes, etc) Personal safety measures (clothes, gloves, masques, goggles, etc) These measures apply both during daily use and during maintenance operation. The direction of the lab is obliged to oversee the application of such tools and to their evolution. In doing so, they may make use of advice from users, the HSE of EP and CNRS, of the SM, and of the OHSO's.

a) What to do in case of an odor in the experimental rooms, offices, or hallways? Upon noting an unpleasant, intolerable, or out-of-place odour, you must:

Mark off and evacuate the area Indicate on any entrance to the premises of a danger present inside Dial 18 or 34 33 from any internal line, and inform the OHSO's.

b) What to do in the event of a chemical burn?




In the event of a chemical burn caused by a corrosive agent (acid or base), upon the sensation of "tingling", or if there is any doubt after a chemical spill in a workspace with the possibility of skin-contact, you must: • Rince the exposed skin immediately with running water, for at least 5 minutes. If the spill also contaminated clothing, they must be removed immediately or during the rinsing, It is important to maintain rinsing for the full 5 minutes to fully stop the chemical attack of human tissue by the corrosive or caustic chemical. If exposure was to the hands: brush underneath the fingernails If exposure was to the face or the eyes: rince the eyes extensively (eye-wash stations are available to this effect) with the help of a second person. If you wear contact lenses, attempt to remove them to improve the effectiveness of rinsing. (Reminder: wearing contact lenses while handling chemicals is strongly discouraged. If contact with the eyes occurs, contact lenses hold the contaminant in contact with the eye).

Dial or get someone to dial 18 from any internal line Describe the incident: location and nature Exposed area of the victim the chemical How many are injured.

c) In the particular case of exposure or suspected exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HF) (Full

procedures in Annex 10) Remove the soiled clothes (to also be done in the case of an acid or base spill). Empty the entire chemical rinse cylinder on the affected zone and surrounding area, denoted:

Hexafluorine Alert the OHSO's : Jean-Luc Moncel 43-61, Cyril Jadaud 43-58 or Jérôme Charliac 43-75 Dial 18 from and internal line, follow the directions of the SPIS Apply calcium gluconate gel in a thick layer on the burn area with the aid of the applicator and with rubber gloves every 30 minutes. This gel is provided in a 40g tube (C-GEL) that can be found in all eye-rince stations and in the refrigerator located in room 406 1020. It can also be obtained from any of the OHSO's.

12. Risks linked to the handling of cryogenic gases or liquids

a) General points about cryogenic gases Cryogenic liquids are gases kept in a liquid state by keeping them at low temperature. They would normally be a gas at ATP. They have been liquefied at varied temperatures and pressures, but they all have the two following properties: • they are extremely cold • small quantities of liquid can occupy large volumes when passing to the gaseous state.




In addition, the vapours produced by cryogenic liquids are extremely cold. They condense the humidity in air forming a thick fog. In poorly isolated containers, they can liquefy ambient air which can form a liquid mixture with the chemical. At the LPICM, liquid nitrogen (LN2) is frequently used.

b) Risks due to cryogenic liquids According to the type of gas, there are three types of risks associated with the use of cryogenic liquids: extreme cold, asphyxia, and toxicity. Extreme Cold: Low-temperature burns. Cryogenic liquids, as well as the vapours and cold gases associated with them, can produce effects on the skin similar to high-temperature burns. Liquid nitrogen is at a temperature of -196°C. The severity of injury can vary from mild irritation to the complete destruction of tissue, depending on the exposed area and length of exposure: brief exposures may not have an effect on the hands or skin of the face, but can damage fragile tissue such as the eyes. A prolonged exposure of the skin or contact with freezing surfaces can cause freezing "burns". Damaged skin will take on a yellow colour and waxy texture. The lack of initial pain is followed by intense pain when the tissue is no longer frozen. Unprotected skin can adhere to a metallic surface cooled by a cryogenic liquid and will be torn upon removal. Even contact with a non-metallic surface is dangerous at low temperatures. Furthermore, inhaling freezing air can cause pulmonary lesions. Asphyxia (anoxia): The gases released by cryogenic liquids are very cold and dense, and therefore accumulate close to the floor as they are heavier than air and difficult to disperse. Even if such gases are not toxic and have no appreciable chemical reactivity, they displace air and create a dangerous situation of low-oxygen than can be fatal. In enclosed spaces, the danger is increased. Even very small quantities of evaporated liquid can form large volumes of gas. For example, one liter of liquid nitrogen, when vaporized, will produce 695 L of gaseous nitrogen at ATP. The air we breath is composed of 21% oxygen and 79% nitrogen, plus trace amounts of rare gases, water vapour, and carbon dioxide. The latter two can vary somewhat according to location and circumstance. The effects of a lack of oxygen are given in the following table and can be summarized in the following fashion: as the quantity of oxygen decreases, so do one's chances of survival. % of Oxygen in Air Effects 22%-19% No respiratory impacts 19%-14% Fatigue and yawning 14%-10% Pulse increases, vertigo and dizziness 10%-8% Nausea, rapid fainting 8%-0% Coma after 40s, Respiratory failure, Death 0% Death after three breaths




c) Handling and use of liquefied gases

To transport and use cryogenic liquids, we employ non-pressurized containers with an insulating envelope (thermos). This thermal isolation is designed to be resistant to rapid variations and large differences in temperature. These containers must emply a non-sealing plug slowing air and humidity from entering, but that allows an overpressure to escape. For helium, hydrogen, and other low-boiling point liquids, one uses designs with and externally cooled envelope filled with liquid nitrogen. Laboratory dewars for liquid nitrogen are small capacity vessels, with large openings and without lids, which serve as temporary containers within laboratory spaces.




d) Safety Means and Procedures

(Image not translated)

e) What should one do in the event of prolonged contact with liquefied gas or when one finds an unconscious person in such an area?

In all cases, dial or have someone dial 18 from any internal line and alert the OHSO's

Skin burns: The exposed area must be returned as rapidly as possible to body temperature (without causing high temperature burns). Remove all soaked clothes as soon as possible. Rinse the affected area with warm water for at least 15 minutes, DO NOT RINSE WITH HOT WATER, cover with a clean band-aid, and consult a doctor. Burns to the eyes: DO NOT WASH EYES WITH HOT OR WARM WATER. Remove the victim from the source and open the eyes widely so that the liquid evaporates. Consult an opthamalogist. If the victim finds light painful, shield their eyes by laying a light bandage. Inhalation –Asphyxia : Remove the victim to a safe area using an ABU. Quickly air out the room without entering. If the victim is not breathing, have a trained person perform CPR while waiting for first-responders to arrive. Accidental non-containment of accident (leakage over large area): Evacuate all personnel from the affected area. Ventilate the area. All actions should be undertaken while wearing an ABU. Prevent anyone entering basements or underground areas, where the accumulation of gas may be very dangerous.




13. Laser use risk Recently manufactured lasers which are made according to current european norms are made such that users can work safely (confinement along the laser beam, laser curtains with fire protection to level M0, confinement of the high-voltage part, a single beam exit controlled by a shutter for high-power lasers). A dangerous area exists between the egress of the laser from the source and its target, wherein other elements and instruments may be added, increasing the risk to users. Natural defence mechanisms (reflexes) may be too slow to mitigate dangers in such situations, and will not occur if the beam is not in the visible range. The risk mitigation scheme, to be put into place by the user, is particular to each optical setup. It should take into account such aspects as diffuse light, the transmission and reflection of optical components, wavelength/frequency doublings, but also constraints linked to the process in place. It is upon the basis of this evaluation of the choice of safety goggles must be made. Outside the hazarda of optical lesions, one must not also ignore the other types of hazards present upon the use of lasers: • Surface lesions: Reddening, burns • Electrical risks: high voltages in the power sources • Chemical risks: use of dyes, ozone production by intense UV sources, emanation of chemical by-products • X-ray production in high-voltage sources • Acoustic hazards: present for pulsed lasers (> 80dBA) • Explosive or fire hazard • Deceptive hazards from miniaturized sources (powerful laser diodes). For these reasons, one must always respect the following safety measures:

Signage indicating laser usage areas using standardized labels Wearing of laser safety goggles appropriate to the power and wavelength of the lasers being

used, and to any alignment being performed When possible, perform alignment with a class 1 or class 2 laser When signaled by lights, not entering a laser usage area.

Lasers are grouped as a function of their output power: they go from class 1 (the least dangerous) to class 4 (the most dangerous). - Class 1: No danger - Class 1M: 302.5 nm ≤ Wavelengths ≤ 4 000 nm. Risk if beam used with optics. - Class 2: 400 nm ≤ Wavelengths ≤ 700 nm (visible). Do not keep eye intentionally in the beampath. - Class 2M: 400 nm ≤ Wavelengths ≤ 700 nm (visible). Do not keep eye intentionally in the beampath. Don’t look into beam source through an optical element. - Class 3R: 302.5 nm ≤ Wavelengths ≤ 10-6 nm. Direct beam exposure of eye is dangerous. - Class 3B : Direct beam exposure of eye is potentially dangerous. La vision directe du faisceau est potentiellement dangereuse. Risk of cutaneous damage. Diffusive exposure is not dangerous if sufficiently distal (13cm) and if the exposure is short (10s). - Class 4 : Exposure of skin is dangerous (direct or indirect exposure)





a) Choice and nature of laser protection safety goggles Laser safety goggles are standardized elements of personal safety equipment (EPI). They complement global safety measures (air locks, blackout curtains, matte wall paint) or experiment-specific measures (screens, beam-enclosures, use of non-reflective material). In no case should the use of safety goggles be substituted for global safety measures. The choice of EPI should be the result of a balance between personal protection, the requirements of the work to be done, and the comfort of the wearer. One must seek to minimize the discomfort of the user due to safety goggles, as this might reduce effective use. To evaluate if a given pair of laser safety goggles is appropriate for the laser being used, one must know the following parameters:

Laser wavelength Type of laser: DC (D), pulsed (I), Q-switched (IR), or mode-locked (M). The protection factor number of the glasses (L or R)

It is then necessary to compare such values to the standard tables EN 207 and EN 208 (see annexes 11 and 12 which describe the maximal power absorbable by the goggles). The goal of wearing laser safety goggles is to sufficiently attenuate the beam such that in the event of an accident, the exposure of the eye is less that than the Maximal Allowed Exposure (EMP) as defined by the French standards NF EN 60825-1 and NF EN 60825-1/Amendment 11. The user is thus also protected from an accidental exposure. This equipment provides a specific level of eye protection and is classified into two families: Laser safety goggles which completely cut the entirety of the beam energy (Standard NF EN 207). Caution: The attenuation of the goggle filters is reduced with exposure Label L = safety goggles





Alignment goggles for the visible region (400-700nm) – Standard NF EN 208.The filtering characteristics are foreseen for beams less than 1 mW all while being able to see the beam. In the case of accidental exposure, protection is ensured by the blinking reflex (0.25s) for DC visible lasers. Caution : the laser power/energy must not exceed 100W/20mJ Label R = Alignment goggles.







b) Liimits of laser safety goggles: Laser safety goggles are not meant to look directly into the beam axis – they are meant for accidental beam exposures and and parasitic (reflective beam exposure). The maximale expusre values are calculated for a maximum time of 10s and for 100 laser pulses (standard NF EN 207 et NF EN 208). Currently, the best performing goggles are those with a rating of R3 for lasers emitting in the visible. It should be noted that regular testing is not enforced and that the lifetime of safety goggles is not fully understood (n'est pas apprécié). The wearing of safety goggles should not exclude one from respecting the basic safety rules: closing ones eyes in the event of a falling object and removal of all jewelry (especially watches) when using lasers. Visible beams: For powerful Class 4 lasers, it is necessary to have two pairs of goggles:

Alignment goggles with a power protection level equal to standard EN 208 with R3 maximum

Protection goggles for use during high power For high power lasers emitting in the visible, reduce the beam power as much as possible using high density optical filters. Non-visible beams Safety measures must be maximally employed. For non-visible beams, the natural bliking reflex is not triggered, so the choice of goggles must be well-chosen (using standard EN 207).

c) What to do in the case of a suspected laser burn?

In the event of a laser burn of the suspicion thereof, by a direct beam or the diffuse or specular reflection of a Class IV laser towards the face, one must:

Dial (or have someone dial ) 18 from any internal line Describe :

THE LOCATION THE NATURE OF THE INCIDENT IF ANYONE IS HURT




REDUCE THE DANGER FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP (Stop the experiment, close the shutter, close any cover) FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SPIS WARN THE OHSO'S

14. Safety Precautions:

Articles R 4321-1 and R 4321-4 of the French labor code state that "the head of the establishment must make available to workers the equipment necessary and appropriate to the work to be done or adopted to this effect, and to ensure their health and safety. In addition, they must put into place appropriate individual safety measures and in the case of the necessity of dirty work, appropriate work clothes must be made available."

a) Global safety equipment The global safety of personnel relies on the infrastructure in place to do so, such as:

Ventilation of the workplace. Ventilation of the workspace Smoke and gas detectors and the necessary treatment systems. Visible and audible alarms. Placement of safety curtains (when necessary). Gas effluent treatment systems




b) Individual Protection Equipment (EPI) What is it?

Individual protection equipment (EPI) are to be worn by individuals with the goal of protecting said individual against one or many hazards to their health or safety. Within this description are grouped multiple means for protecting the hands, eyes, and body, which the employer must make freely available to workers. In the framework of EU standard harmonization, two EU directives relating to EPI's have been adopted, translated, and incorporated into the French labor code. They concern EPI design (including labelling) and their use. The efficient protection of one's self includes understanding the dangers to which we are exposed and to use the appropriate means to protect ourselves.




(Image not translated) The EPIs most commonly used in the lab are labcoats, gloves, goggles, masks, and safety breathing apparati,

c) Choice of eye-protection Applicable standard: EN 166 Domain of application: protection of the eye against various dangers: sprays (solid particles, corrosive or irritating chemicals, fine or toxic powders) and against any optical rays (visible, UV, IR) The definition of optical protection extends to: goggles, masks, and visors. Goggles are constituted by a frame and lenses that can be a single unit or separated. According to the danger from which we seek to protect ourselves, one or both of these elements should have the desired characteristics. Labelling of Goggles: The safety mechanism (goggles or mask) must display a permament sticker indicating it's domain of utilization (general or specific use) to ensure its appropriate use.





This sticker must be readable once the entire assembly is intact: the standard number (EN166) should be present on the frames and supports but not the lenses, The frames and lenses should be labelled separately unless they are a single unit. The labelling "CE" permits the user to be sure that equipment responds to base specifications, and also specific and optional. Basic specifications:






a) Choice of protective gloves

Professional use gloves are calssified in three categories as a function of danger. They permit protection to the hand, fore-arm, and arm, Category 1: Protection against minor risks Such gloves protect users from risks of which the effects may be felt in a short time and without danger to the user. This type of equipment is certified by the manufacturer (?) and is labelled by "CE minor risk" or simply "CE". Category 2: Protection against intermediate or typical risks Such gloves protect againt multiple dangers represented by a pictogramme. They conform to one or many standards and display labels that indicate their level of effectiveness. An elevated number indicates a high level of performance. They have a technical description page and verification of passing a CE exam by a notified organization. Category 3: Protection against severe risks Same as category 2 but the verification procedure is performed by a qualified organization. Update about protection against chemicals: Tests performed within the specification of Standard EN 374 are tests concerning resistance to penetration (3 levels) and to permeation (6 indices). These indices of permeation indicate the time of penetration through the gloves of certain tested products. The higher the number, the greater the time required for penetration. Tables of resistance are given as an example. They are to be consulted with caution, as alone, the knowledge of the the glove material is not sufficient to know their resistance and durability. For the same material, the penetration time of a given chemical may vary by supplier. It is critical to verify the technical specifications sheet provided. As many of the chemical used are mixtures such as lithography resins, etchants, etc, the glove must be resistant to each of the constituent components.





EN 407 EN 421 EN 374 EN 374 EN 374-1 ; 2 et 3 Chaleur et / ou feu Rayonnements Danger chimique Danger Danger chimique Ionisant et / ou bactériologique Faible protection Contamination contre les produits Radioactive chimiques

EN 407 Heat and/or Fire

EN 421 Ionizing radiation and/or Radioactive

Contamination

EN 374 Chemical Danger

EN 374 Bacteriological

Danger

EN 374-1 ; 2 et 3 Chemical Risk Low protection

against chemical products

Surgical gloves protect only bacterial protection and do not provide protection against spills or contact with acids, bases or solvents. Gloves are not typically labelled. One must consult the wrapping or box in which they are provided.

b) Choice of respiratory protection units (RPU) Poisoning through inhalation is the leading cause of such events in industry. The pollutant may be present in the ambient in the form of powders/dust-particles, gases, or vapours. According to their size, nature, and shape, inhaled particles can penetrate to the pulmonary alveoles where they will collect, whereas other contaminants like gases and vapours can enter the blood stream where they can be transported to various organs that they may then damage. Two types of respiratory protection units (RPU) offer protection for the respiratory tract: filtering devices and isolating devices. The former filter the ambient atmosphere to be inhaled, whereas the latter provide an alternate uncontaminated source for inhalation (gas cylinders or links to breathable air, known as autonomous breathing units, ABU's). When must one take measures to protect the respiratory system?




The use of an RPU should be used in a time-limited fashion and should be due to exceptional circumstances. In no case should such measures be necessary in daily use. - When an intervention risks producing an inhalable substance - When one must flee a premises due to an incident or an accident - When one is forced to enter into a low-oxygen area Choice of RPU This choice will be made according to: Ce choix sera fonction :

The type of experiment or intervention The conditions of the intervention: oxygen levels, ambient temperature and humidity, length

of work… The nature and concentration (likely and/or estimated) of the substance: toxic, very toxic,

corrosive, etc.

Image not translated

As with other EPI's, breathing filters and ABU's must be labelled according to EU standards. Although there are a vast number of filtering cartridges and applications thereof, the laboratory is typically stocked with three types that applicable to virtually all situations that may arise in the laboratory; • "Nose-pinch" particle masks (level P3) • Filtering cartridges adaptable on face-masks that may protect against particles and some dangerous gases and vapours • ABU's for dangerous gases and vapours, and low-oxygen environments.





The laboratory is equipped with ABU's supplied by " SAVER – DRAEGER" which have about 10 minutes of autonomy. They are light and easy to use, protecting the face from sprays, smoke and fire. These ABU's may be better suited for people who wear glasses.




Signs

Principal Warning Panels and Signs

a) Danger Warning Panels Danger warning panels are triangular with a yellow background, a black border, and a symbol indicating the danger in black.

Laser Danger EM Radiation Danger X-ray Danger Asphyxiation Danger

Flammable Products Toxic Products Corrosive Products Electrical Danger




b) Panels Indicating an Obligation

Panels indication an obligation have a blue background with a white symbol

Protective glasses mandatory Protective Visor Mandatory Respiratory Protection Mandatory Protective gloves mandatory Protective clothes mandatory

c) Panels Indicating a Forbidden Activity Panels indicating a forbidden activity have a white background, a red border, and a black image barred out in red,

Access forbidden Smoking Forbidden Non-potable Water




ANNEXES

ANNEX 1 Authorisation for use of TRT document




ANNEX 2 Health Risk Exposure Spreadsheet






















ANNEX 3 Solitary Work
















ANNEXE 4 Risk Assessment Document





































ANNEX 5 – Work Permit







ANNEX 6 - LIST OF RISK PHRASES Phrases de risques (R) L'annexe Ill de l'arrêté interministériel du 20 avril 1994 relative aux phrases de risques (phrases R) des substances et des préparations dangereuses, est l'annexe Ill de la directive (CEE) no 67-548 du 27 juin 1967, modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 2000/33/CE du conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives des Etats membres relative à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses, telle qu'elle figure en annexe de la directive 2001/59/CE de la Commission des communautés européennes du 6 août 2001 portant vingt-huitième adaptation au progrès technique de la directive (CEE) no 67-548 (J.O.C.E. noL 225 du 21 août 2001).













ANNEXE 7 List of S Phrases (Safety Advice) Conseils de prudence (S) l'arrêté interministériel du 20 avril 1994 relative aux phrases de risques (phrases R) des substances et des préparations dangereuses, est l'annexe Ill de la directive (CEE) no 67-548 du 27 juin 1967, modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 2000/33/CE du conseil concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives, réglementaires et administratives des Etats membres relative à la classification, l'emballage et l'étiquetage des substances dangereuses, telle qu'elle figure en annexe de la directive 2001/59/CE de la Commission des communautés européennes du 6 août 2001 portant vingt-huitième adaptation au progrès technique de la directive (CEE) no 67-548 (J.O.C.E. noL 225 du 21 août 2001).







ANNEX 8 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)




ANNEX 9 Instructions for Waste Disposal at the Ecole Polytechnique






















ANNEX 10 Contamination by HF
















ANNEX 11 Laser protection goggles and their stability against laser radiation




ANNEX 12 Laser safety goggles, spectral transmission factor