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A Healthy Environment
• Shade because pig have no sweat gland in their skin
• Generally Temp for adult is 10 – 27 C
• Generally Temp baby pig is 27 – 32 C
2
Environmental
• Pig allow to run lose • Fencing • Tethering / animal tied to control • Building • Combination of above • Feeders and Waterers• Farrowing house
3
Nutrition- pig are single stomach; able to eat meat and
plant • Carbohydrate and fat- corn,rice brand,
yam, potatoes casava banana (70 80 %) pig diet for energy
• Protein- fish meal, oil seed – provide growth
• Mineral(salt) Calcium, phosphorous for bone and tissue growth
• Vitamins – growth, reproduce and body function
• Water – fresh, good health 4
Food preparation • Grinding• Soaking • Cooking • Chopping (vegetable-fruit) • Fermenting
5
Normally, Carbohydrate 70 % Protein 30%
Percentage Protein need
• Sows and adult 16 % • Baby 0- 15 kg 20%• Baby 15 – 30 kg 18%• Young 30 – 60 16%
6
Select Young Female • Best milking mother• Larger litter • Larger faster growing • No obvious defect (hernias, health
problem• Minimum well 12 teats• Desire body type (least fat more
meat) • Purchase from trusted farm
7
Selected young male
• Male muscle appearance• Free from hernias and health and
disease problems• Well formed testicles • From large litter• Fast growing• Not related to your female • Preferably cross breed
8
Reproduction • Heat (estrus) 1-3 day period,
second day is best fertilizing • Heat (estrus) cycle 19 – 21 days
9
• Natural • Artificial
Breeding
Length of pregnancy is 114 days
Sign of approaching Farrowing time
• 2-3 weeks breast enlarged • 5-7 days farrowing – valva enlarged • 24 – 48 hours milk appear in teats • 12 -24 hours very nervous, restless
and carry dry leaf to make bed, may need inject Oxytocine to help make delivery easier
10
Helping new born• Remove from membranes • Wipe mucus from month and nose • Clip navel cord 1-2 inches, dip in iodine,
if bleeding, tie navel cord with cotton string
• Clip tail (1-2 inches) • If weather is cool put in box with light
bulb • Must nurse as soon as possible
(maximum 12 hours)
• Iron injection • Cut teeth 11
Castrating
• Male baby should be castrated around 2-4 week of age (while nursing)
• To prevent odor in meat• To prevent the nuisance of the boars
not needed for breeding• Some think castrated males grow
faster
12
Weaning
• In natural state, sows wean their babies when they are around 8 – 10 weeks old
• In modern operations pigs are weaned early at 3-5 weeks
13
Basic sanitation• Location: High with drainage • Rotate • Food and water • Building E-W• Germ killing – lye-0.45 per water
10 gallons , chorine• Vaccinate • Treat parasites
14
Injection• Subcutaneous (SQ)• Intramuscular (IM)
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• SQ;
• Baby 18 or 20 : 5/8” or ½”• Young 16 or 18 : 5/8” or 1/4”• Adult 14 or 16 : 1” or 1/2”• IM;
• Baby 18 or 20 ½”• Young 16 or 3/4”• Adult 14 or 16 : 1”
Natural Farming - Pigs
Partners Relief and Development
www.partnersworld.org
Purpose and Process
To transform farmer from laborer to manager
To utilize agricultural waste
To make natural fertilizer
To sell value added products
To make high protein feed
Pig Pen Bedding
Dig pen floor 90 cm deepAdd bedding in 2 layersMix bedding material with soil from pen
- Rice hulls, sawdust, etc.
Use same bedding mixture as first layer
Cover with a thin layer of rice hulls or other material
Fill second layer to top
9. Traditional remedies / herbs
Control worms with herbal medicine: egg plant
Diarrhea: guava leaves, mangosteen peels, persimmon leaves, green bananas
Prevent disease with herbs
Pig Drinking Water
FFJ / FPJ 2T Herb Hormone
Mix in 10L water.Free choice all day.
Clean water tank every day.Inspect drink valve for water flow.Install 1 drink valve per 5 pigs.
Pig Feed
1. Fresh plant material for pig feed 100 Kg + Sugar 4 Kg + Rock salt 1 Kg. Pickle in bucket 3 days.
1 + 2 = Pickled plant material 70 Kg + commercial feed 30 Kg.
Total 100 Kg. cost= 5 THB/Kg
2. Commercial food 30 kg
3. Soybean cake 1 Kg per meal
Capital investment per pig
Market weight 100 Kg (4-5 months)
Feed cost per pig for 5 months = 1500
Average cost per piglet = 1000 THB
Total cost per pig = 2500 THB
Care of natural farming pigs1. Dig & mix the bedding every week. - Add bedding material as needed.
2. Spray bedding with fermented juice minimum once a week
3. Feed pigs with “pig gum” to chew relaxing
6. When pigs are 3 months old, begin removing soiled bedding to make natural fertilizer. Replace with new bedding mixture. You can do this once a week.
7. Clean up inside and around the pig pen to keep things tidy.