Pork Industry

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TERMS TO KNOW Sow- Mature Female pig Boar- Male pig Barrow – castrated male pig Piglet- Young pig Gilt – Immature female pig

History…..Almost all people who lived on farms raised pigs

Why???

Required little space; provided side income; able to give them cheap feed; fed the family

History Cont.

Main reason for raising- LARD – rendered pork fat

Lard- used for cooking No synthetic oils- used lard to

fry & cook

Now…… Almost all hog operations are

on large farms

Fed a mixed feed ration

Production Gestation period (time required

to have young) – 3 months 3 weeks 3 days OR 114 days

Several pigs born each litter

Can quickly build up an operation

2 Types of Swine Operations

Purebred Operations

Commercial Operations

Purebred Operations

Most hogs are registered Less than 1% of total

hogs Provides industry with

foundation stock Usually large public sales

Type # 2 – Commercial

Divided into 3 main farms/operations

1.Farrowing Operation

2.Growing Operation

3.Finishing

Farrowing Operation

Sows usually have 10-14 piglets Sows placed in a farrowing pen to

protect piglets Weaned at 3-4 weeks

Growing/Nursery Weigh 10-15 pounds Placed on slotted floors Boars are castrated – to help

growth Fed high protein diet to enhance

growth

Finishing Usually weigh – 40-60 Will stay here until slaughter Placed in groups based on age

and size Kept in climate controlled rooms Slaughter weigh 220-250lbs

Breeds Of Swine

Duroc Origin-New

York/New Jersey Ears- Droopy Color- Cherry Red Misc.-Large

Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed

Hampshire Origin-

Kentucky Ears-Erect Color-Black

with a White Belt

Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass

Berkshire Origin-

England Ears-Erect Color-

Black with 6 White Points

Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog

Poland China Origin-

Ohio Ears-

Droopy Color-

Black w/6White points

Misc.-Long body thick hams

Spots (Spotted Poland China)

Origin-Ohio Ears-Droopy Color-no

less than 20% or more than 80% White

Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers

Chester White Origin-

Pennsylvania

Ears-Droopy

Color-White with blue freckles

Misc.-good mothers, large frame

Yorkshire Origin-

England Ears-Erect Color-

White Misc.-The

Mother Breed, Largest Litters

Landrace Origin-

Denmark Ears-

Droopy Color-

White Misc.-

Extremely Long Body

Tamworth Origin- ? Ears-Erect Color-Red Misc.-Not

Very good

Swine Reproduction

Swine Reproduction

Swine Reproduction

Farrowing a sow

The components of controlled delivery

Put sow in crate 1-5 Days before due date

Exercise Daily Feed 6 lbs daily Once babies are

born add one pound per pig to ration

Swine Reproduction

Farrowing Baby Pig Care - first 2 weeks

Have feed out from day 1

Give iron shot ¼ cc

Clip Teeth Castrate Ear notch

Swine Reproduction

Ear Notching

Universal Swine Identification system

Tags will come off in the feed pen

Swine Reproduction

Ear Notching

Swine Reproduction

Ear Notching

Swine Reproduction

Ear Notching

Quiz

Swine Reproduction

Ear Notching

The right (litter) ear is equal to 9+3+3+1=16

The left (pig) ear is equal to 3

This is the 16-3 pig.