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, , ,
.
(
100),
. , ,
( 1 103). '
(.. , ) ,
: '
- - , ( ).
, , ,
..
, , .
, 18
(Mendeleev
1869).
, , ,
. 103 . :
.
.
.
.
( ).
, :
. .
. . , .
. .
. (
).
.
.
.
.
.
( ) . ,
.
. .
.
7. ( ). ,
. .,
.
1. HYDROGEN 1766 ()
.
( ).
2. He HELIUM 1868 ()
,
.
3. Li LITHIUM 1817 ()
= ,
, , (
), .
4. Be BERYLLIUM 1798 ()
. (
) ,
.
(.. ). ( ) , .
veruliya < veluriya, Velur, .
5. B BORON 1808 ()
, , .
,
buraq.
6. C CARBON . . ()
carbo = .
7. N NITROGEN 1772 ()
Lavoisier --. - - , . nitrogenium
().
8. O OXYZEN 1774 ()
,
() .
9. F FLUORINE 1771 ()
.
( A. Ampere 1810)
. (
) .
fluo = , .
10. Ne NEON 1898 ()
Ramsay, ( )
.
11. Na SODIUM 1807 ()
( ) .
natrum, . , ,
.
.
12. Mg MAGNESIUM 1775 ()
. '
,
.
13. Al ALUMINUM 1827 ()
( ),
(). (
) = , (
= -). : alumen = .
.
14. Si SILICON 1823 ()
.
:
. (
) = .
. silex =
.
15. P PHOSHORUS 1669 ()
,
, ().
16. S SULFUR . . ()
() ,
, .
sulphur.
17. Cl CHLORINE 1774 ()
= , , .
() .
18. Ar ARGON 1894 ()
= ( ' ),
.
.
19. K POTASSIUM 1807 ()
, ( ) ,
. al-qali (), qalaj , . , -- .
20. Ca CALCIUM 1808 ()
, ( ). , . - () . , ,
.
21. Sc SCANDIUM 1879 ()
.
22. Ti TITANIUM 1791 ()
, .
23. V VANADIUM 1830 ()
Vanadis, .
.
.
24. Cr CHROMIUM 1797 ()
,
.
25. Mn MANGANESE 1774 ()
( ) ,
18
( 1774 C.W. Scheele
). , ,
.
magnesia manganesa, ,
.
26. Fe IRON . . ()
ferrum.
27. Co COBALT 1735 ()
Kobold, , 16
Harz (),
:
. 1735 G.Brandt
cobalt rec
28. Ni NICKEL 1751 ()
.
( ,
).
... , Kupfernickel,
( Old Nick = ). A.F. Cronstedt
, nickel.
29. Cu COPPER . . ()
Cuprum,
.
30. Zn ZINC 16 ()
( ) ,
17 . (: , ) "" (1
..). Zin
31. Ga GALLIUM 1875 ()
(Gallia), P.E.L. de Boisbaudran,
.
32. Ge GERMANIUM 1886 ()
, C. Winkler, .
33. As ARSENIC 1250 ()
.
(
, ).
, zarniq = ,
. (
).
34. Se SELENIUM 1817 ()
() .
, , tellus. ,
...
35. Br BROMINE 1826 ()
= , .
36. Kr KRYPTON 1898 ()
,
... '.
Ramsay, = .
37. Rb RUBIDIUM 1861 ()
.
rubidus = .
.
38. Sr STRONTIUM 1790 ()
Strontian , '
.
39. Y YTTRIUM 1794 ()
Ytterby, .
.
40. Zr ZIRCONIUM 1789 ()
. ( ) ,
.
zargun.
41. Nb NIOBIUM 1801 ()
, .
. ( ,
), 1950 .
42. MOLYBDENUM 1778 ()
(
).
, ,
, .
.
43. Tc TECHNETIUM 1937 ()
, ,
. , (
, )
.
44. Ru RUTHENIUM 1844 ()
, Ruthenia,
.
45. Rh RHODIUM 1803 ()
, . ,
.
46. Pd PALLADIOUM 1803 ()
().
.
47. Ag SILVER . . ()
(
argentum) = , (
= -). .
.
48. Cd CADMIUM 1817 ()
(
). .
49. In INDIUM 1863 ()
,
(indigo, ),
, .
50. Sn TIN . . ()
stannum.
kastira, kash =
51. Sb ANTIMONY "1450 ()
. antimonium
8 .. .
,
.
52. Te TELLURIUM 1782 ()
, Tellus. ,
.
.
53. I IODINE 1811 ()
= , . .
.
54. Xe XENON 1898 ()
Ramsay, (, )
.
55. Cs CESIUM 1860 ()
. :
caesius = .
56. Ba BARIUM 1808 ()
(
).
.
57. La LANTHANUM 1839 ()
( ) .
Mosander =
.
58. Ce CERIUM 1803 ()
.
, (Ceres) (1801)
.
59. Pr PRASEODYMIUM 1885 ()
C.A. von Welsbach (
) , '
() .
.
60. Nd NEODYMIUM 1885 ()
C.A. von Welsbach (
) , '
. .
61. Pm PROMETHIUM 1947 ()
.
:
,
"" .
62. Sm SAMARIUM 1879 ()
.
M. Samarski.
.
63. Eu EUROPIUM 1896 ()
.
64. Gd GADOLINIUM 1880 ()
J. Gadolin.
65. Tb TERBIUM 1843 ()
Ytterby, . .
66. Dy DYSPROSIUM 1886 ()
=
, P.E.L. de Boisbaudran,
.
67. Ho HOLMIUM 1879 ()
, Holmie,
"" .
68. Er ERBIUM 1843 ()
Ytterby, .
.
.
69. Tm THULIUM 1879 ()
,
. P.T. Cleve, ,
, .
70. Yb YTTERBIUM 1907 ()
Ytterby, .
.
71. Lu LUTETIUM 1907 ()
, Lutetia.
72. Hf HAFNIUM 1923 ()
(Hafnia), '
.
73. Ta TANTALUM 1802 ()
, :
. A. Ekeberg, , : "
... , ' ,
".
.
74. W WOLFRAM 1783 ()
Wolfram, .
, (1781) tungsten. tung = sten = .
75. Re RHENIUM 1925 ()
, Rhenus.
76. Os OSMIUM 1804 ()
,
() .
77. Ir IRIDIUM 1804 ()
= ,
.
78. Pt PLATINUM 16 ()
,
. platina = .
79. Au GOLD . . ()
.
aurum, . GOLD
geolo = .
80. Hg MERCURY . . ()
( ) ,
,
. (Mercury).
81. Tl THALLIUM 1861 ()
.
= , ( ) , .
82. Pb LEAD . . ()
plumbum.
,
, , .
83. Bi BISMUTH 1450 ()
Weissmuth = .
84. Po POLONIUM 1898 ()
, M. Curie, .
.
85. At ASTATINE 1940 ()
, .
8,3
. ( = )
.
86. Rn RADON 1900 ()
radon ( )
' (radium) '
, -on.
87. Fr FRANCIUM 1939 ()
(France), M. Perey ( M. Curie), .
88. Ra RADIUM 1898 ()
radius = ,
.
89. Ac ACTINIUM 1899 ()
,
.
.
90. Th THORIUM 1828 ()
Thor, .
91. Pa PROTACTINIUM 1917 ()
, . , ,
, .
92. U URANIUM 1789 ()
,
M.H. Klaproth .
.
93. Np NEPTUNIUM 1940 ()
.
.
.
94. Pu PLUTONIUM 1940 ()
.
.
.
95. Am AMERICIUM 1944 ()
.
, ' (
) , .
96. Cm CURIUM 1944 ()
Pierre Marie Curie, ' (
) ,
J. Gadolin.
97. Bk BERKELIUM 1949 ()
,
Berkeley, ' (
) ,
Ytterby .
98. Cf CALIFORNIUM 1950 ()
,
Berkeley.
99. Es EINSTEINIUM 1952 ()
20 , Albert Einstein (1879-1955).
100. Fm FERMIUM 1953 ()
.
Enrico Fermi (1901-1954).
101. Md MENDELEVIUM 1955 ()
, Dmitri
Ivanovicx Mendelejev (1834-1907).
102. No NOBELIUM 1957 ()
Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), .
103. Lr LAWRENCIUM 1961 ()
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958), , Radiation Laboratory
(), .
Lw ( ).
104. Db DUBNIUM 1964 ()
Dubna
,
.
105. Jl JOLIOTIUM 1967 ()
F. Joliot-Curie
Nobel 1935 I. Curie.
.
106. Rf RUTHERFORDIUM 1974 ()
Ernest Rutherford
.
107. Bh BOHRIUM 1976 ()
Niels Bohr
.
108. Hn HAHNIUM 1976 ()
Otto Hahn
.
109. Mt MEITNERIUM 1982 ()
Lise Meitner
.
110. Uun Ununnilium 1987 (?)
111. Uuu Unununium 1994 (?)
112. Uub Ununbium 1996 (?)
.
: 110 112
.