, , ,

.

(

100),

. , ,

( 1 103). '

(.. , ) ,

: '

- - , ( ).

, , ,

..

, , .

, 18

(Mendeleev

1869).

, , ,

. 103 . :

.

.

.

.

( ).

, :

. .

. . , .

. .

. (

).

.

.

.

.

.

( ) . ,

.

. .

.

7. ( ). ,

. .,

.

1. HYDROGEN 1766 ()

.

( ).

2. He HELIUM 1868 ()

,

.

3. Li LITHIUM 1817 ()

= ,

, , (

), .

4. Be BERYLLIUM 1798 ()

. (

) ,

.

(.. ). ( ) , .

veruliya < veluriya, Velur, .

5. B BORON 1808 ()

, , .

,

buraq.

6. C CARBON . . ()

carbo = .

7. N NITROGEN 1772 ()

Lavoisier --. - - , . nitrogenium

().

8. O OXYZEN 1774 ()

,

() .

9. F FLUORINE 1771 ()

.

( A. Ampere 1810)

. (

) .

fluo = , .

10. Ne NEON 1898 ()

Ramsay, ( )

.

11. Na SODIUM 1807 ()

( ) .

natrum, . , ,

.

.

12. Mg MAGNESIUM 1775 ()

. '

,

.

13. Al ALUMINUM 1827 ()

( ),

(). (

) = , (

= -). : alumen = .

.

14. Si SILICON 1823 ()

.

:

. (

) = .

. silex =

.

15. P PHOSHORUS 1669 ()

,

, ().

16. S SULFUR . . ()

() ,

, .

sulphur.

17. Cl CHLORINE 1774 ()

= , , .

() .

18. Ar ARGON 1894 ()

= ( ' ),

.

.

19. K POTASSIUM 1807 ()

, ( ) ,

. al-qali (), qalaj , . , -- .

20. Ca CALCIUM 1808 ()

, ( ). , . - () . , ,

.

21. Sc SCANDIUM 1879 ()

.

22. Ti TITANIUM 1791 ()

, .

23. V VANADIUM 1830 ()

Vanadis, .

.

.

24. Cr CHROMIUM 1797 ()

,

.

25. Mn MANGANESE 1774 ()

( ) ,

18

( 1774 C.W. Scheele

). , ,

.

magnesia manganesa, ,

.

26. Fe IRON . . ()

ferrum.

27. Co COBALT 1735 ()

Kobold, , 16

Harz (),

:

. 1735 G.Brandt

cobalt rec

28. Ni NICKEL 1751 ()

.

( ,

).

... , Kupfernickel,

( Old Nick = ). A.F. Cronstedt

, nickel.

29. Cu COPPER . . ()

Cuprum,

.

30. Zn ZINC 16 ()

( ) ,

17 . (: , ) "" (1

..). Zin

31. Ga GALLIUM 1875 ()

(Gallia), P.E.L. de Boisbaudran,

.

32. Ge GERMANIUM 1886 ()

, C. Winkler, .

33. As ARSENIC 1250 ()

.

(

, ).

, zarniq = ,

. (

).

34. Se SELENIUM 1817 ()

() .

, , tellus. ,

...

35. Br BROMINE 1826 ()

= , .

36. Kr KRYPTON 1898 ()

,

... '.

Ramsay, = .

37. Rb RUBIDIUM 1861 ()

.

rubidus = .

.

38. Sr STRONTIUM 1790 ()

Strontian , '

.

39. Y YTTRIUM 1794 ()

Ytterby, .

.

40. Zr ZIRCONIUM 1789 ()

. ( ) ,

.

zargun.

41. Nb NIOBIUM 1801 ()

, .

. ( ,

), 1950 .

42. MOLYBDENUM 1778 ()

(

).

, ,

, .

.

43. Tc TECHNETIUM 1937 ()

, ,

. , (

, )

.

44. Ru RUTHENIUM 1844 ()

, Ruthenia,

.

45. Rh RHODIUM 1803 ()

, . ,

.

46. Pd PALLADIOUM 1803 ()

().

.

47. Ag SILVER . . ()

(

argentum) = , (

= -). .

.

48. Cd CADMIUM 1817 ()

(

). .

49. In INDIUM 1863 ()

,

(indigo, ),

, .

50. Sn TIN . . ()

stannum.

kastira, kash =

51. Sb ANTIMONY "1450 ()

. antimonium

8 .. .

,

.

52. Te TELLURIUM 1782 ()

, Tellus. ,

.

.

53. I IODINE 1811 ()

= , . .

.

54. Xe XENON 1898 ()

Ramsay, (, )

.

55. Cs CESIUM 1860 ()

. :

caesius = .

56. Ba BARIUM 1808 ()

(

).

.

57. La LANTHANUM 1839 ()

( ) .

Mosander =

.

58. Ce CERIUM 1803 ()

.

, (Ceres) (1801)

.

59. Pr PRASEODYMIUM 1885 ()

C.A. von Welsbach (

) , '

() .

.

60. Nd NEODYMIUM 1885 ()

C.A. von Welsbach (

) , '

. .

61. Pm PROMETHIUM 1947 ()

.

:

,

"" .

62. Sm SAMARIUM 1879 ()

.

M. Samarski.

.

63. Eu EUROPIUM 1896 ()

.

64. Gd GADOLINIUM 1880 ()

J. Gadolin.

65. Tb TERBIUM 1843 ()

Ytterby, . .

66. Dy DYSPROSIUM 1886 ()

=

, P.E.L. de Boisbaudran,

.

67. Ho HOLMIUM 1879 ()

, Holmie,

"" .

68. Er ERBIUM 1843 ()

Ytterby, .

.

.

69. Tm THULIUM 1879 ()

,

. P.T. Cleve, ,

, .

70. Yb YTTERBIUM 1907 ()

Ytterby, .

.

71. Lu LUTETIUM 1907 ()

, Lutetia.

72. Hf HAFNIUM 1923 ()

(Hafnia), '

.

73. Ta TANTALUM 1802 ()

, :

. A. Ekeberg, , : "

... , ' ,

".

.

74. W WOLFRAM 1783 ()

Wolfram, .

, (1781) tungsten. tung = sten = .

75. Re RHENIUM 1925 ()

, Rhenus.

76. Os OSMIUM 1804 ()

,

() .

77. Ir IRIDIUM 1804 ()

= ,

.

78. Pt PLATINUM 16 ()

,

. platina = .

79. Au GOLD . . ()

.

aurum, . GOLD

geolo = .

80. Hg MERCURY . . ()

( ) ,

,

. (Mercury).

81. Tl THALLIUM 1861 ()

.

= , ( ) , .

82. Pb LEAD . . ()

plumbum.

,

, , .

83. Bi BISMUTH 1450 ()

Weissmuth = .

84. Po POLONIUM 1898 ()

, M. Curie, .

.

85. At ASTATINE 1940 ()

, .

8,3

. ( = )

.

86. Rn RADON 1900 ()

radon ( )

' (radium) '

, -on.

87. Fr FRANCIUM 1939 ()

(France), M. Perey ( M. Curie), .

88. Ra RADIUM 1898 ()

radius = ,

.

89. Ac ACTINIUM 1899 ()

,

.

.

90. Th THORIUM 1828 ()

Thor, .

91. Pa PROTACTINIUM 1917 ()

, . , ,

, .

92. U URANIUM 1789 ()

,

M.H. Klaproth .

.

93. Np NEPTUNIUM 1940 ()

.

.

.

94. Pu PLUTONIUM 1940 ()

.

.

.

95. Am AMERICIUM 1944 ()

.

, ' (

) , .

96. Cm CURIUM 1944 ()

Pierre Marie Curie, ' (

) ,

J. Gadolin.

97. Bk BERKELIUM 1949 ()

,

Berkeley, ' (

) ,

Ytterby .

98. Cf CALIFORNIUM 1950 ()

,

Berkeley.

99. Es EINSTEINIUM 1952 ()

20 , Albert Einstein (1879-1955).

100. Fm FERMIUM 1953 ()

.

Enrico Fermi (1901-1954).

101. Md MENDELEVIUM 1955 ()

, Dmitri

Ivanovicx Mendelejev (1834-1907).

102. No NOBELIUM 1957 ()

Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), .

103. Lr LAWRENCIUM 1961 ()

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901-1958), , Radiation Laboratory

(), .

Lw ( ).

104. Db DUBNIUM 1964 ()

Dubna

,

.

105. Jl JOLIOTIUM 1967 ()

F. Joliot-Curie

Nobel 1935 I. Curie.

.

106. Rf RUTHERFORDIUM 1974 ()

Ernest Rutherford

.

107. Bh BOHRIUM 1976 ()

Niels Bohr

.

108. Hn HAHNIUM 1976 ()

Otto Hahn

.

109. Mt MEITNERIUM 1982 ()

Lise Meitner

.

110. Uun Ununnilium 1987 (?)

111. Uuu Unununium 1994 (?)

112. Uub Ununbium 1996 (?)

.

: 110 112

.