TRANSPORT

ARCIAGA, BALDERIA, CHEN ( HAPPY BIRTHDAY), DULAY, HERNANDEZ, OCHAVO

P L A N N I N G

DEFINITION

As defined by the INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS,

“Transpo r ta t ion p lann ing i s essen t ia l l y the confluence o f MANY DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES coming toge ther i n the fi r s t s tages o f the deve lopment o f PL ANS , POL IC IES and LEG ISL AT IVE ACT IV IT IES , FUND ING , and PROJECT DEVELOPMENT . ”

SOURCE: http://www.ite.org/planning/

Transportation Planning Handbook Michael D. Meyer, Ph.D., P.E.,

Director and Professor, Georgia Transportation Institute, Transportation planning practice is defined as:

Improving coordination between land use and transportation system planning Providing cooperative interaction between planning, design, and operation

of transportation services Maintaining a balance between transportation-related energy use, clean air

and water, and encouraging alternative modes of transportation that will enhance efficiency while providing high levels of mobility and safety. 

It is crucial in planning sustainable developments and ensuring accessibility for all individuals

DEFINITION

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

Justify Funding

Obtain Planning Permission

Environmental Considerations

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING: TIA or Traffic Impact Assessment

To assess whether there is need for road and highway improvements To assess the effects that will happen to the transportation network of a particular

development

Stages in Traffic Impact Assessment: Scoping Study – seeks to answer some of the questions Trip Generation – examines critical junctions Parking Availability – determines the number of parking spaces Trip Distribution – distributes total number of trips in the network based on the results of the

trip generation Trip Assignment – uses a standard trip assignment model Traffic Growth – projects the impact of a new development in the future Growth factor = Future year / Current Year Overall Examination – demonstrates overall impact, with or without development, based on its

difference

Junction Performance To determine the impact of development for all traffic scenarios and the

capacity of all critical junctions To identify queues and delays To determine the capacity by the number of lanes and lane width

Other modes: Examining access through public transportation, cycling and walking Frequency and capacity of public transport services Proximity of the development to public transport modes Proximity of cycle lanes Car sharing, pooling, and car clubs

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

Monitor existing conditions. Forecast future population and employment growth, and identify

major growth corridors. Identify current and projected future transport problems and needs,

and various projects and strategies to address those needs. Evaluate and prioritize potential improvement projects and

strategies. Develop long-range plans and short-range programs identifying

specific capital projects and operational strategies. Develop a financial plan for implementing the selected projects and

strategies.

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT: Background

Description of proposed development Identification of peak hours and whether weekends will be used in

the impact analysis Description of study area Location of proposed Access points

Base traffic conditions Description of road network and intersections adjacent to site and at

access points Counts during peak-impact hours

Site traffic generation Trip generation rates used and the source of these rates Traffic generated during peak impact hours

Site traffic distribution Method used to distribute traffic Table showing estimated traffic movements by direction Discussion of method used for traffic assignment and assumptions

for assignment of traffic to network

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Non-site traffic predictions Definition of design year—opening of proposed development Identification of development in study area whose traffic is to be

included in calculations Adjustments of off-site through traffic volumes Assembling of off-site traffic forecast for design year

Traffic Assignments Assignment of peak-period traffic to intersections and access points Figures for existing peak impact traffic hours, site traffic and total

traffic Recommended access design improvements

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Review of site plan Parking layout Loading dock locations and access, including design truck used Recommended changes

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

SOME MAJOR POLICY AND PLANNING ISSUES

Air Quality Congestion Management Process (CMP) Financial Planning and Programming Freight Movement Land Use and Transportation Planning and Environment Linkages Public Involvement

Air Quality

What is the relationship between transportation and air quality? Usage of the transportation system is an influential factor in a region’s

air quality. Therefore, the estimated emission of pollutants from motor vehicles is a key consideration in transportation planning

What are the major sources of air pollution? Stationary sources include relatively large, fixed facilities such as power

plants, chemical process industries, and petroleum refineries. Area sources are small, stationary, non-transportation sources that

collectively contribute to air pollution such as dry cleaners, gas stations, landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and others.

Mobile sources include on-road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and buses; and off-road sources such as trains, ships, airplanes, boats, lawnmowers, and construction equipmen

Congestion Management Process (CMP)

What is the CMP? The congestion management process (CMP) is a way of systematically

considering congestion-related issues using a set of technical tools, and basing evaluations on a discrete set of locally determined performance measures.

What is the typical process? Develop alternative strategies to mitigate congestion; Determine the cause of congestion; Identify congested locations; Evaluate the potential of different strategies; Evaluate the impacts of previously implemented strategies; and Propose alternative strategies that best address the causes and impacts

of congestion.

Financial Planning

What are the sources of transportation funds? income tax, sales tax, tolls, bonds, and state, local, and federal

excise taxes on various fuels, state infrastructure banks (SIBs), and credit assistance sources.

Each state decides which mix of funds is best suited to carry out particular projects.

What is financial planning? Financial planning takes a long-range look at how transportation

investments are funded, and at the possible sources of funds. State and public transportation operators must consider funding needs over both the 20-year period of the long-range transportation plan and the 4-year period of TIPs and STIPs

Freight Movement What is the role of freight movement in transportation

The efficient movement - critically important to industry, retail, agriculture, international trade, and terminal operators.

What are some freight-transport tactics that transportation decision makers might consider?

• Truck restrictions • Road design and construction • Road pricing • Fleet management • Traffic engineering • Shipper/receiver actions • Incident management • Inspection/enforcement • Information management

Land Use and Transportation What is the relationship between land use and

transportation?

Land use and transportation are symbiotic: Urban or community design can facilitate alternative travel

modes. a connected system of streets can facilitate travel by foot, bicycle,

and public transportation Dispersed land development patterns may facilitate vehicular travel

Planning and Environment Linkages

Why link transportation planning to environmental processes?

State and local agencies- achieve significant benefits by incorporating environmental and community values into transportation decisions early in planning

• Relationship-building: • Process efficiencies • On-the-ground outcomes

Public Involvement What is the role of public involvement in developing

transportation policies, programs, and projects? Public involvement is integral to good transportation planning.

What are the indicators of an effective public participation process? Clearly defined purpose and objectives – public dialogue Specific identification of the affected public and other stakeholder

groups Identification of techniques for engaging Notification Methods and measures for evaluating the effectiveness of the public

involvement program;

Recommendations & Case Studies

1. Redesign public roads and transport system with strong human-centered ethos and ecological footprint

Widen sidewalks, footpaths, build decent foot bridges and develop bike lanes to enable the public to walk or cycle safely to and from nearby places. Creating wide roads and too much parking spaces will only encourage motorists to use their cars more.

2. Coherent Urban Planning

Decentralization, develop satellite cities In Vietnam, the government wants to lighten inner city traffic by

reducing the number of people living in those areas. Its policy is to build workers’ housing near business parks and industrial zones, move universities to suburban sites.

 3. Prioritize public transit

The survey conducted by the Urban Land Institute’s (ULI) in its “Infrastructure 2014: Shaping a Competitive City” report, found out that the top driver of real estate investments is the quality of infrastructure (transportation, telecommunications, etc) and the highest infrastructure priority is improved public transit services (bus and rail). Improved roads and bridges came second, followed by improved pedestrian infrastructure.

4. Encourage more compact development

With compact development, it becomes possible to achieve sustainability on a national level because it allows neighborhoods and employment centers concentration of population and employment, create a mix of uses, and encourage pedestrian-, bicycle-, and transit-friendly design. Moreover, this kind of development improves physical and social activities and prioritizes public spaces.

5. Emphasis on sustainability and private-public partnership

Political arrangements in Japan after World War II made it attractive for politicians to pursue energy conservation by making transportation, particularly by automobile, expensive for the average Japanese citizen.

Source London - is a London-wide electric vehicle charge point network

GrabTaxi- improve the safety and efficiency of town taxis by leveraging on advancements in GPS and mobile technology

Uber, Grabcar – car-booking apps

6. Changing Personal Habits

Government must develop not only proper transportation system and facilities, but also measures to change the bad habits of its citizens. Using non-mass transport vehicles like tricycle and private cars means personal freedom, it means you could go anywhere you want anytime you want. The solution could be to introduce a city toll scheme similar to the congestion charge in London.

The Congestion Charge is an £11.50 daily charge for driving a vehicle within the charging zone between 07:00 and 18:00, Monday to Friday. It is payable by registering for Congestion Charge Auto Pay, or by online payment, SMS, phone, post, or automated telephone service. There are a range of exemptions and discounts available to certain vehicles and individuals. There is no charge on weekends, public holidays, between Christmas Day and New Year's Day inclusive, or between 18:00 and 07:00 on weekdays.

References

http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/2391.pdf http://www.manilatimes.net/5-ways-improve-urban-transport-infr

astructure/127444/ http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/vietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffi

c-congestion http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030142151201

0981 https://www.sourcelondon.net/what-is-source-london https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/driving/congestion-charge/paying-the-

congestion-charge?intcmp=2115#autopay