Plans for the upgrade of the CERN complex of proton accelerators Plans for the upgrade of the CERN complex of proton accelerators R. Garoby Content Content

Plans for the upgrade of the CERN Plans for the upgrade of the CERN complex of proton acceleratorscomplex of proton accelerators

R. Garoby

ContentContent

Introduction (European Strategy & CERN white paper) Scenarios for the upgrade of the accelerators Linac4 SPL & PS2 Roadmap Summary

R. G. 2IDS meeting - CERN – 29 March

2007

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Introduction


2007

Statement of the European Strategy Group (1/2)

Consolidation and upgrade of

injectors

LHC upgrade and maximum performance

injectors


2007

Statement of the European Strategy Group (2/2)

R & D for LHC upgrade and facility

preparation for facility


2007

Section 3: Further activities to be funded by additional resourcesSection 3: Further activities to be funded by additional resources

Theme 1: consolidation and basic improvements: Basic consolidation of existing accelerators New power supply for the PS New multi-turn ejection Etc.

Theme 2: renovation of the old injector complex: R & D for a new PS and his injector (SPL) Construction of Linac4

Theme 3: R & D for LHC upgrade and CLIC: R & D on superconducting magnets, RF and cryogenics R & D for LHC detectors Increased support for CLIC

Theme 4: miscellaneous R & D: SC RF High power target ELENA, HIE ISOLDE, 3rd phase NA-48…

“White Paper” (1/2)Submitted for information and

discussionat the 139th meeting

of the CERN Council (19 October 2006)

Material Material (MCHF)(MCHF)

Personnel Personnel (man.years)(man.years)

103103 246246

5555 185185

5858 212212

4141 145145

Total request: 240 MCHF during 2008-2010


2007

Section 4: Prospects over the period 2011-2016Section 4: Prospects over the period 2011-2016

1)

2) CLIC …

3) Infrastructure consolidation

4)

“White Paper” (2/2)Submitted for information and

discussionat the 139th meeting

of the CERN Council (19 October 2006)


2007

SCENARIOS FOR THE SCENARIOS FOR THE UPGRADE OF THE UPGRADE OF THE ACCELERATORSACCELERATORS


2007

CERN accelerator complex


2007

PSB SPL’RCPSB

SPSSPS+

Linac4

SPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put

ener

gy

160 MeV

1.4 GeV~ 5 GeV

26 GeV40 – 60 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

SPL: Superconducting Proton Linac (~ 5 GeV)

SPL’: RCPSB injector(0.16 to 0.4-1 GeV)

RCPSB: Rapid Cycling PSB(0.4-1 to ~ 5 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

PS2+: Superconducting PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Proton flux / Beam power

Upgrades of the accelerator complex

PS2 (PS2+)

As proposed by the PAF working group


2007

Benefits for physics

STAGESTAGE 11 33 44

DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION ((new acceleratornew accelerator))

Linac4Linac4

PSBPSB

PSPS

SPSSPS

Linac4Linac4

SPLSPL

PS2 or PS2+PS2 or PS2+

SPSSPS

Linac4Linac4

SPLSPL

PS2 or PS2+PS2 or PS2+

SPS+SPS+

Performance of LHC Performance of LHC injectorsinjectors (SLHC) (SLHC)

++

Ultimate beam from Ultimate beam from PSPS

++++

Maximum SPS Maximum SPS performanceperformance

++++++

Highest performance Highest performance LHC injectorLHC injector

Higher energy LHCHigher energy LHC -- -- ++++++

beambeam -- ++ (++ (~100)~100) ++ (++ (~200)~200)

FactoryFactory -- +++ (~5 GeV prod. +++ (~5 GeV prod. beam)beam)

+++ (~5 GeV prod. +++ (~5 GeV prod. beam)beam)

k, k, --~400 kW beam at~400 kW beam at

50 GeV50 GeV

~400 kW beam at~400 kW beam at

50 GeV50 GeV

EURISOLEURISOL -- ++++++ ++++++


2007

Layout of the new LHC injectors

SPS

PS2

SPL

Linac4PS


2007

Proton driver for a Factory & EURISOL

Connection PS2 -> TT70

Accumulator & Compressor

SPL


2007

Possible layout of a Factory

storage

ring

Target

accelerator

Based on CERN scheme in 2001

SPL


2007

LINAC4LINAC4

Technical Design Report (December 2006) Technical Design Report (December 2006)

CERN-AB-2006-084, http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1004186

L. Arnaudon, P. Baudrenghien, M. Baylac, G. Bellodi, Y. Body, J. Borburgh, P. Bourquin, J. Broere, O.Brunner, L. Bruno, C. Carli, F. Caspers, S.; Cousineau, Y. Cuvet, C. De Almeida Martins, T. Dobers, T. Fowler, R. Garoby, F. Gerigk, B. Goddard, K. Hanke, M. Hori, M. Jones, K. Kahle, W. Kalbreier, T. Kroyer, D. Küchler, A.M Lombardi, L.A López-Hernandez, M. Magistris, M. Martini, S. Maury, E.Page, M. Paoluzzi, M. Pasini, U. Raich, C. Rossi, J.P Royer, E. Sargsyan, J. Serrano, R. Scrivens, M. Silari, M. Timmins, W.Venturini-Delsolaro, M. Vretenar, R. Wegner, W. Weterings, T. Zickler


2007

Linac4 parameters

2 operating modes: low duty for PS Booster (PSB) injection in the first phase, high duty for the SPL in a second phase.

Structures and klystrons dimensioned for 50 Hz Power supplies and electronics dimensioned for 2 Hz.

Will re-use 352 MHz LEP RF components: klystrons, waveguides, circulators.

Ion species H−Output Energy 160 MeVBunch Frequency 352.2 MHzMax. Rep. Rate 2 HzBeam Pulse Length 400 sMax. Beam Duty Cycle 0.08 %Chopper Beam-on Factor 62 %Chopping scheme:

222 transmitted /133 empty bucketsSource current 80 mARFQ output current 70 mALinac current 40 mAN. particles per pulse 1.0 × 1014

Transverse emittance 0.4 mm mrad

Max. rep. rate for accelerating structures 50 Hz


2007

Linac4 topology

DTL CCDTL SCL

3MeV

40MeV 90MeV 160MeV

Drift TubeLinac

352 MHz13.4 m3 tanks5 klystrons4 MW82 PMQuad

Side Coupled Linac

704 MHz28 m20 tanks4 klystrons12 MW20 EMQuads

Cell-Coupled Drift TubeLinac352 MHz25.3 m24 tanks8 klystrons6.5 MW24 EMQuads

Duty cycle:0.1% phase 1 (Linac4)3-4% phase 2 (SPL)(design: 15%)

4 different structures, (RFQ, DTL, CCDTL, SCL) 2 frequenciesTotal Linac4:

80 m, 18 klystrons

current: 40 mA (avg. in pulse), 65 mA (bunch)

CHOPPERRFQ

Chopper

352 MHz3.6 m11 EMquad3 rf cavity

Radio FrequencyQuadrupole(IPHI)352 MHz6 m1 Klystron1 MW

H-

3MeV95keV

RF volumesource(DESY)35 kVExtrac.60kV Postacc.


2007

The 3 MeV Test Stand

In construction, first beam foreseen in 2008.

- H- source (DESY type, - LEBT (2 solenoid)- IPHI RFQ- Chopper line (from CERN)- Diagnostics line (IPHI and CERN components)- Infrastructure (1 LEP Klystron, pulsed power supply, etc.)

Beam quality is generated in the front-end.

=> Its early understanding and optimisation is fundamental for a modern linac project.


2007

The IPHI RFQ

The 3 MeV Test Stand, Linac4 and finally SPL will use an RFQ built with IPHI technology (brazing at CERN).

The RFQ is expected at CERN before the end of 2008.


2007

The 3 MeV chopper line

Compact design 3.7 m lengthDynamic range 20 – 60 mASmall growth 4% long., 8% trans.Tolerant to alignment errors

Chopper structure: double meander strip line, 400mm length, metallized ceramic plate. 2 ns rise/fall time for bunch selectivity (352 MHz beam structure), ±500V between deflecting plates.

Dumping of chopped beam and collimation of unchopped beam in a conical dump structure

3 RF bunchers


2007

Cell Coupled DTL

Used above 40 MeV:Used above 40 MeV:

focusing periods can be longer focusing periods can be longer structure with external quadrupoles, structure with external quadrupoles, placed between short DTL-like tanks placed between short DTL-like tanks

With respect to DTL: can use electro-With respect to DTL: can use electro-magnets, easy access and cooling, magnets, easy access and cooling, easier machining and alignment, easier machining and alignment, simpler and more economic simpler and more economic constructionconstruction

Modules of 3 tanks connected by Modules of 3 tanks connected by coupling cells, 2 drift tubes per tank coupling cells, 2 drift tubes per tank

High-power prototype tested at CERNHigh-power prototype tested at CERN


2007

Beam dynamics, aperture and beam size

Large apertures (>5 times rms beam size) to minimise losses.Scraping foreseen to reduce maximum beam size in presence of errors.


2007

SPL SPL

Conceptual Design Report (July 2006) Conceptual Design Report (July 2006)

CERN-2006-006, http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/975366

Baylac, M; (LPSC Grenoble) Gerigk, F (ed.); Benedico-Mora, E; Caspers, F; Chel, S (CEA Saclay) ; Deconto, J M (LPSC Grenoble) ; Duperrier, R (CEA Saclay) ; Froidefond, E (LPSC Grenoble) ; Garoby, R; Hanke, K; Hill, C; Hori, M (CERN and Tokyo Univ.) ; Inigo-Golfin, J; Kahle, K; Kroyer, T; Küchler, D; Lallement, J B; Lindroos, M; Lombardi, A M; López Hernández, A; Magistris, M; Meinschad, T K; Millich, Antonio; Noah-Messomo, E; Pagani, C (INFN Milan) ; Palladino, V (INFN Naples) ; Paoluzzi, M; Pasini, M; Pierini, P (INFN Milan) ; Rossi, C; Royer, J P; Sanmartí, M; Sargsyan, E; Scrivens, R; Silari, M; Steiner, T; Tückmantel, Joachim; Uriot, D (CEA Saclay) ; Vretenar, M;


2007

SPL New Layout (CDR2, 2006)

LINAC4

New SPL Design (CDR2, CERN Yellow Report 2006-006):

Linac4 (extended to 180 MeV) + 2 superconducting sections based on 5-cell elliptical cavities at 704 MHz (INFN/CEA).

Long cryomodules (LHC/TESLA-like, 12-14m), 6-8 cav./module, cold quads in cryomodules

Overall length 430m (for 3.5 GeV, was 690m in previous version for 2.2 GeV)

Medium Medium

High High

Cavity Cavity 0.650.65 11

R/Q (Ohm)R/Q (Ohm) 235235 575575

Aperture Aperture (mm)(mm) 8585 9090

EEpp/E/Eaccacc 2.62.6 2.42.4

EEaccacc (MV/m) (MV/m) 1919 2525


2007

SPL Beam parameters

3 different designs:

CDR2 (2006) based on 700 MHz high-gradient cavities

“slim-SPL” for LHC (2007) with low beam power, for the needs of the LHC

“MW-SPL” at higher energy, for the needs of neutrino production

CDR2CDR2 ““slim-SPL” for slim-SPL” for SPS & LHCSPS & LHC

““MW-SPL”MW-SPL”

Energy (GeV) 3.5 4 - 5 5

Beam power (MW) 4 0.15 – 0.19 4 - 8

Rep. frequency (Hz) 50 2 50

Protons/pulse (x 1014) 1.4 1.2 1

Av. Pulse current 40 10 40

Pulse duration (ms) 0.57 1.9 0.4

Bunch frequency (MHz) 352.2 352.2 352.2

Physical length (m) 430 ~460 535


2007

SPL cavities: elliptical, 704 MHz

Elliptical cavities at =0.5 (CEA, INFN) are giving promising results. Stiffened for pulse operation.

Length ~ 0.9mDesigned for 12 MV/m.

10 to 15 m

cryomodule

diagnostics,steering

1m 1m

* Feed 4 to 6 cavities per klystron: use high power phase and amplitude modulators.


2007

SPL Beam Dynamics

Control of losses, minimization of the emittance growth and halo development.

1) zero current phase advance always below 90 degrees, for stability; 2) longitudinal to transverse phase advance ratio (with current)

between 0.5 and 0.8 in order to avoid resonances 3) smooth variation of the transverse and longitudinal phase advance

per meter.

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

position [m]

phas

e ad

vanc

e [d

eg/m

]

kx

ky

kz

Selection of the working point (phase advances) on the Hofmann’s chart

Smooth phase advance variation


2007

PS2 PS2

Working group started at end 2006 Working group started at end 2006

Benedikt, M; Fabich, A; Goddard, B; Hancock, S; Jowett, J; Laface, E


2007

Justifications of PS2

Assure high reliability and availability of injector chain for Assure high reliability and availability of injector chain for LHC operationLHC operation PS main magnet coils and laminations Rotating machine main power converter

Increase performance of injector chain for LHC operationIncrease performance of injector chain for LHC operation Higher beam brightness by more favourable energy range Shorter filling time by improved cycling schemes

Improve performance for other physics applications in Improve performance for other physics applications in energy range PS to SPS (10 to 450 GeV).energy range PS to SPS (10 to 450 GeV).

Prepare long-term (energy) upgrade of complete accelerator Prepare long-term (energy) upgrade of complete accelerator chainchain Higher PS2 ejection energy to reduce SPS+ energy swing

Replace the PS !


2007

PS2 design goals

Beam brightness for LHC:Beam brightness for LHC: Reach twice brightness of the ultimate 25 ns LHC beam (20% reserve for

losses): 4.01011 per LHC bunch (inst. 1.71011) “Ultimate“ bunches at 12.5 ns, twice ultimate at 25ns, etc.

Determines average line density in the machine at injection and therefore the injection energy via incoherent SC tune spread.

Significantly higher injection energy into SPS (~50 GeV).Significantly higher injection energy into SPS (~50 GeV). Injection into SPS well above transition energy Reduced space charge at SPS injection Smaller transverse emittances and reduced losses Potential for long-term SPS replacement with higher energy.

Ejection energy determines PS2 machine size

As versatile as existing PSAs versatile as existing PS Protons, ions, high intensity physics beams, slow extraction, etc.


2007

Considerations on PS2 size

Existing PS with 25 GeV top energy: Existing PS with 25 GeV top energy: Combined function magnets with classical lattice. Bending radius of 70 m (~440 m length) (B = 1.25 T at 25 GeV) 114 m (174 m) of (fully used) straight sections. Average radius 100 m and machine circumference 628 m.

PS2: extraction energy ~50 GeV (NC)PS2: extraction energy ~50 GeV (NC) Separated function (eventually complicated lattice for imag. t)

Assume quads will occupy 30 % of integrated dipole length NC: dipole at ~ 1.8 T (i.e. bending radius ~100 m, length ~ 630 m) Additional space for quadrupoles: ~200 m Larger space requirements for insertions: ~300m

PS2 will have ~twice PS radius i.e. 200 m and 1250 m length


2007

Considerations on PS2 injection energy

Incoherent space charge tune spread at injection:Incoherent space charge tune spread at injection: Existing PS with 1.4 GeV injection energy just capable of

producing the ultimate LHC beam (Qv ~-0.3)

Bb… bunching factor (average / peak density for single bunch) Bb will decrease by factor 2 when putting the same bunch in a

machine with twice larger circumference (Q increases with R)!

PS2: twice ultimate brightness in a twice larger PS2: twice ultimate brightness in a twice larger machine machine 4 times larger incoherent tune spread at given energy. Compensation with ratio 2 at injection:

Minimum injection energy PS2: 3.5 to 4 GeV

b2

n

b.C.S B

11NQ

PS2

2PS2 4


2007

PS2 preliminary parameters

PS2PS2 PSPS

Injection energy kinetic (GeV)Injection energy kinetic (GeV) 3.5 – 4.03.5 – 4.0 1.41.4

Extraction energy kinetic (GeV)Extraction energy kinetic (GeV) ~ 50~ 50 13/2513/25

Circumference (m)Circumference (m) ~ 1346~ 1346 628628

Maximum intensity LHC (25ns) (p/b)Maximum intensity LHC (25ns) (p/b) 4.0 x 104.0 x 101111 1.7 x 101.7 x 101111

Maximum intensity for fixed target physics (p/p)Maximum intensity for fixed target physics (p/p) 1.2 x 101.2 x 101414 3.3 x 103.3 x 101414

Maximum energy per beam pulse (kJ)Maximum energy per beam pulse (kJ) 10001000 7070

Max ramp rate (T/s)Max ramp rate (T/s) 1.51.5 2.22.2

Repetition time at 50 GeV (s)Repetition time at 50 GeV (s) ~ 2.5~ 2.5 1.2/2.41.2/2.4

Max. effective beam power (kW)Max. effective beam power (kW)400400 6060


2007

ROADMAPROADMAP


2007

20072007 mid-2007

Optimization of the layout on the CERN site Negotiation of detailed work packages with external partners CERN Council decision on the « White paper »

July September 2007 Finalization of the design (updated design report) Conclusion on allocation of work packages / distribution of « remaining »

tasks inside CERN Market survey for Civil Engineering

September December 2007 Project review Project organization inside CERN

January 2008: official start of the Linac4 projectJanuary 2008: official start of the Linac4 project Start of Civil Engineering Start of construction of Linac4 equipment

Mid-2010Mid-2010 Progressive beam commissioning of Linac4

Mid-2011Mid-2011 PSB stop for modification PSB beam commissioning

Beginning 2012: PSB operational for physics with Linac4Beginning 2012: PSB operational for physics with Linac4

Linac4 project


2007

end 2010 for LHC and SPSend 2010 for LHC and SPS Selection of the most promissing scenarios for the LHC upgrade Experience with the LHC and its practical limitations… Detailed technical design of the LHC upgrade Detailed technical design of the SPS upgrade Prototyping of critical components Detailed estimates of the necessary resources Negotiation with external contributors

end 2010 for the injectors of SPSend 2010 for the injectors of SPS Optimization of the layout on the CERN site Optimization of compatibility with other users (EURISOL, ’s, pbars, heavy ions…) Detailed technical design Prototyping of critical components Detailed Civil Enginering drawings Detailed estimates of the necessary resources Negotiation with external contributors

publication of Technical Design Reports with resources estimatespublication of Technical Design Reports with resources estimates

Preparation for the SLHC


2007

2011 2011 2015 for LHC and SPS 2015 for LHC and SPS Construction of components for the LHC and SPS upgrade Progressive modification of the SPS (vacuum chamber treatment, impedance

reduction etc.)

2011 2011 2015 for the injectors of SPS 2015 for the injectors of SPS Construction of SPL and PS2 Progressive beam commissioning of SPL Beam commissioning of PS2

20162016 Connection of PS2 to SPS & final modifications of the SPS (injection system etc.) Beam commissioning of the SPS Beam commissioning of the LHC

Implementation of the LHC luminosity upgrade


2007

CDR 2

Planning of the new injectors

Linac4 approval

3 MeV test place ready

SPL & PS2 approval


2007

SUMMARYSUMMARY


2007

CERN is soon going to commission the largest and CERN is soon going to commission the largest and most sophisticated particle accelerator ever built. most sophisticated particle accelerator ever built. Such an installation must be fully exploited.Such an installation must be fully exploited. It is time to prepare for securing its operation, increasing the

reliability of all the infrastructure for protons and ions.

It is time to develop solutions for pushing performance to the limit.

It is a unique opportunity to plan new accelerators that can satisfy a new generation of physics experiments.

Mid-2007 is a first crucial milestone in an overall Mid-2007 is a first crucial milestone in an overall planning that should last for a decade.planning that should last for a decade.

Documents

Plans for the upgrade of the CERN complex of proton accelerators Plans for the upgrade of the CERN complex of proton accelerators R. Garoby Content Content