Plant Lab Review

Station #1-Plant Characteristics

• #1-Main characteristics of plants?

– Eukaryotic, Cell Walls & Chloroplasts,

Multicellular, Autotrophs, Sessile

Station #1- Plant Reproduction

• #4-Most plants reproduce sexually!

-Horticulturists make exact copies of a plant by Budding, Grafting, Cutting---[Vegative Propagation]

#5 Vegetative Propagation – Asexual Reproduction

Only way to

reproduce plants

that don’t make

seeds

Faster way to

grow

More

uniform

plants

#6 plant gametes are produced by

Meiosis

**haploid (half number) of DNA

Root cell as 120 chromosomes

Pollen (sperm) cell will have only 60!

Reproduction Comparison Chart

Feature: Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Spores produced X X

Seeds produced X X

Fruit bearing X

Station #2-Evolution of Plants

• #1- What type of organisms did plants evolve from? Green Algae

• #2- How did early plants benefit from other organisms? Produced O2 for environment, food source

• #3- List 6 things green algae and plants have in common: Cell Walls with cellulose, same chlorophyll, cell division with cell plate, similar enzymes, similar genes, store food as starch

• #4- What are the 4 main groups of plants ?• Nonvascular (mosses), seedless vascular (ferns),

Gymnosperms, & angiosperms

• #6- What characteristic do flowering plants have that cone-bearing plants do not have? Enclosed seeds in fruit

• #7- Which characteristic(s) do ALL groups of plants share except mosses? Vascular Tissue (xylem/ phloem)

Station 2-Adaptations• #9-Tundra plants survive freezing soil? Adapted with shallow

roots when ground thaws

• #10- How do plants in tropical seasonal forest survive dry season? Drop leaves to conserve water

• #11 Choose a plant with a unique adaptation-– Rose Bushes-Thorns to prevent animal from eating it– Vines-Can climb to get sun – Venus Fly Trap-Eat insects because of poor Nitrogen containing

soil

Station 3-Roots

• #1- Function of roots? Anchor the plant in ground, absorb H2O

• #2- Advantage of a tap root? Reach water deeper in the ground

• #3-Advantage of a fibrous root? Same size, reach water at shallow surfaces of soil

Station 3-Roots

• #4 A- What process are these cells performing? Mitosis

• #4 B- What is this zone of cell division doing for the root? Growing at root tip

Station 3- Xylem/Phloem

• #5- Xylem-Transports WATER UP from roots

• #6- Phloem-Transports FOOD DOWN from leaves

Station 3- Xylem/Phloem

• #7-What is happening in the carnation and the celery?

– Xylem taking colored water up the plant to flower/leaves

ADHESION: water moving up due to water attracter to another substance

(plant xylem)Capillary Action- water pulling up plant

through small spaces

Station 4: Stems#1- Main function of stems?

Hold leaves and flowers, transport water /food

#2 What does each ring represent?

– Year of Growth

# 3 What can each ring tell you about the weather?

– Conditions of weather

• Larger Ring=More Rain

• Smaller Ring=Drought

Station 4: Stems

• #5 Function of tuber or blub?

– Stores extra carbohydrates

– ex of tuber : potato

• # Runners allow plants to reproduce asexually

Station 4: Leaves & Stomata#1- main function of leaves

– Produce energy (sugar) by photosynthesis

#2- What is released /evaporated from the stomata and what is the process?

– Water, transpiration

#3- What is gas is taken in? Carbon Dioxide

#4- Where is stomata found?

Bottom of leaf

Why? Prevent water loss

Station 4- Leaves and Stomata

#6 What protects the leaf from

water loss? Cuticle

#7- water leaving plants travels through the

– xylem

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFX4JrsPaUs

Station 5- Mosses (Bryophytes)• #2 What separates non vascular plants from other

plants? Vascular Tissue (Roots, Stems, Leaves)

• #3 Explain why mosses are so dependent on water.– Needed for nutrient transport and for reproduction

#5 What plants structures do mosses lack?

– Vascular Tissue (Roots, Stems, Leaves)

Station 5- Mosses (Bryophytes)• # 6 – What 2 processes do nonvascular plants

rely on to transport water and nutrients?

Osmosis and diffusion

Station 5- Ferns

• #8- Ferns are a type of seedless vascular plant.

• #9- What major evolutionary advantage do ferns have that mosses do not?– Vascular Tissue

Station 5- Ferns

• #10- What are the reproductive structures for ferns called?

Sporangia (Sori)

• #12 The trees are not harmed nor helped by the lycophate. What type of symbiotic relationship is this Commensalism

Station 6- Gymnosperms • #1-Gymnosperms make fruit?

– False, seeds have NO fruit for protection

• #3-Seed plants do not require ___ to reproduce?

– Water

Male Cone

Female Cone

Station 6- Gymnosperms • #4 Why are cotyledons important?

– Stores food or help absorb food for seed

#6-Reproductive organ (structure) for gymnosperms?

– Cones

Male Cone

Female Cone

Station 6- Angiosperms “Flowers”

#7 What reproductive structure do angiosperms develop? Flower/Fruit

# 8 Angiosperms have the evolutionary advantage due to vascular tissue, seeds, flowers, and fruit True

Station 6-Angiosperms#11-What is the difference between Monocots and Dicots? Mono= 1 Cotyledon (Seed) Dicot = 2 Cotyledons (Seeds)

#10 Why is it beneficial to plants for animals to eat fruit? Help with Seed Dispersal

Station 6-Angiosperms

#12 Male Parts

– Anther, Filament

• Stamen

Female Parts

– Style, Stigma, Ovary

• Pistil (OR Carpel)

or pistil

Texas Trivia

What is the state flower?

What is the state tree

What is the state plant ?

Bluebonnet

Pecan

Prickly Pear Cactus