Plant Morphology

• Meristem Tissue- embryonic tissue located at the tips of roots and stem apices (herbaceous & woody plants) and cambium layers (woody plants).

• Parenchyma - unspecialized cells occurring throughout the plant.

• Sclerenchyma- hollow, non-living cells with thick walls; structural support

Transport System

Xylem Tissue- transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves;

Phloem Tissue- transports organic nutrients from the leaves to the roots

Herbaceous and Woody Stems

Herbaceous plants exhibit only primary growth while woody plants have secondary growth.

Nonvascular Plants

Bryophyta- the mosses

Hepatophyta- liverworts

Seedless Vascular Plants

Lycopodophyta- club mosses

Psilophyta- whisk ferns

Equisetophyta- horsetails

Pteridophyta- ferns

Seed Vascular Plants

• Gymnosperms

• Angiosperms

Coniferophyta- conifers

Magnoliophyta- flowering plants

• Class Magnoliopsida- dicots

• Class Liliopsida- monocots

Flower Anatomy

Monocot Dicot

one cotyledon two cotyledons

parallel venation

dedritic venation

scattered vascular bundles

vascular bundles forming a ring

flower parts in three

flower parts in four or five