Plants are used for so many things used in everyday life.

Can you guess what this plant is used for?

Flashcard Warm-up

Vascular tissueVascular refers to the

circulatory (transport) system of an organism.

Some plants have specialized tissues

(groups of cells) that transport water or food. Xylem transports water

from the roots to the leaves. Phloem transports

food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Rate of Photosynthesis

Several factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. Large

amounts of water and carbon dioxide are needed as well as a large amount

of sunlight. Plant adaptations have allowed some plants to be more

efficient. Write the equation for

photosynthesis:

BotanyStudy of Plants

The largest living organism on Earth!!! Do you know what kind of tree this is?

The largest specimen, the General Sherman Tree in Sequoia National Park, is 84 m (275 ft) tall, has a diameter of 11.1 m (36.4 ft) at the base, and was estimated in the early 1990s to weigh about 2,500 metric tons. Other trees range from 46 to 99 m (150 to 325 ft) in height, with diameters up to 9 m (30 ft). A count of annual rings on stumps has verified ages as great as 2,300 years. Some living trees, however, are believed to be close to 4,000 years old.

I Are all plants the same?A. Plant Characteristics

1. Type of Cell = Eukaryotic2. Multicellular3. Autotrophic4. Composition of cell wall = cellulose 5. Chloroplast = Chlorophyll6. Vacuole = store water, food, and

water

Two Types of Plants?

1. Non-vascular Plants = lack vascular tissueExample = Moss

2. Vascular Plants = contain vascular tissue2 types of Vascular Tissue:

1. Xylem: Transport water 2. Phloem: Transport

nutrients

Vascular or Nonvascular?

Reproduction = Vascular plants reproduce in three ways

1. Seedless vascular plants = reproduce using spores (ex. fern).

2. Gymnosperms = store seeds in cones (ex. spruce).

3. Angiosperms = store seeds in fruits which develop from flowers (ex. daisy).

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Transport– Non-vascular plants:

osmosis and diffusion – Vascular plants:

xylem and phloem

• Respiration– Both non-vascular

and vascular use cellular respiration

How Plants Meet Their Needs• Excretion

– Non-vascular: diffusion and osmosis– Vascular plants: Stomata

• Stomata: gas exchange = CO2 enters, O2 leaves

• transpiration = water loss

Flashcard Warm-up• Gymnosperms

– Vascular plants that produce their seeds in CONES

• Angiosperms– Vascular plants

that produce their seeds in FRUITS which develop from FLOWERS

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Synthesis - Build molecules. Plants produce sugars through photosynthesis

• Nutrition - sugar produced in photosynthesis used during cellular respiration.

How Plants Meet Their Needs• Regulation – Plants

control their growth patterns. One way is by using hormones. – Ethylene - promotes fruit

ripening– Cytokinins – promotes

rapid cell division– Auxins - allow for

elongation of the cell. This increased flexibility allows the plant to bend

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Tropisms are growth toward or away from a stimulus– Phototropism - a plant’s

response to light. – Gravitropism/Geotropism

- a plant’s response to gravity.

– Thigmotropism – response to touch (ex. Ivy)

Ticket Out the Door1. ____________ tissue in plants is similar to the blood vessels of our body because they

transport water and nutrients. Match the Type of Vascular plant with the correct description:2. Gymnosperm a. produce seeds in fruits 3. Angiosperm b. use spores to reproduce4. Seedless Vascular c. produces seeds in cones5. Choose one of the following plant hormones and explain the changes the hormones causes in

the plant.Auxins, cytokinins, or ethylene

6. Phototropism a. plant growth in response to touch7. Thigmotropism b. plant growth in response to light8. Geotropism/ Gravitropism c. plant growth in response to gravity

Flashcard Warm-upPollination

Pollination is when the pollen reaches the stigma or part of the female anatomy of a plant. Self-pollination occurs when a plant pollinates itself and cross pollination includes two different plants. Fertilization is when the pollen reaches the egg.

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Reproduction– Asexual = vegetative

propagation. (all offspring would be clones

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Reproduction– Sexual = two sources

of DNA, sperm and egg

• Seedless plants - have sperm and egg; sperm must swim to the egg. This requires a film of moisture.

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Gymnosperms – produce male and female cones. The fertilized egg becomes a seed.

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Angiosperms – Use flowers– Male part = Stamen

• Consists of anther & filament• Anther = produces pollen containing sperm

– Female part = Pistil• Contains the stigma, style, and ovary• Ovary = holds the ovules containing eggs

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Pollination: occurs when pollen produced by anther is transferred to stigma

How Plants Meet Their Needs

• Growth and Development – The seeds can be dispersed using wind, water or animals– Germination: the

development of the new plant from the embryo

SeedsSome plants have seeds as a

specialized part of their reproductive system.

Seeds consist of a fertilized embryo, a food

source, and a seed coat to protect the seed. These

three parts allow seeds to wait until the right time to

germinate.

Plant Organs and their Adaptations• Leaves - main

photosynthetic organs of most plants. – Waxy cuticle: transparent

waxy covering that protects the leaf from water loss.

– Vascular Bundle: xylem and phloem

– Stomata: openings in the leaves that allow for gas exchange.

– Adaptations: The size of the leaf, modified for protection (ie. Cactus)

Plant Organs and their Adaptations

• Stems - the organ responsible for support and for transport – Tubers: stem modified for

storing food (starch)• Ex: potato

– Succulent stems store water• Ex: desert cacti

Plant Organs and their Adaptations

– Tendrils are part of vines and runners help with vegetative propagation

• Roots - organ responsible for absorbing water, anchoring the plant and may also store food– Fibrous roots: smaller branching

roots which increase surface area for quick water absorption.

• Ex: grasses

Plant Organs and their Adaptations

– Tap roots - large, main root provides a strong anchor and allows the plant to reach water far below the earth’s surface.

• Ex: carrot

– Root Hairs – Specialized cells to increase surface area for fast water absorption