SBI3U1

BRAINSTORM ACTIVITY…What do we depend on plants for?

STOP! THINK! PAIR! SHARE!

With your partner, brainstorm 5 significant uses of plants. Write them down. Now share your ideas with the rest of the class.

Here’s what we found…

1) Plants sustain life (ie. Photosynthesis and the production of oxygen & glucose)

2) Plants supply cellulose (ie. Paper, textiles, wood for construction)

3) Plants supply agriculture/food (ie. Farming/crops such as corn, wheat, rice sugar cane)

4) Plants supply biochemicals( ie. Medicinal teas/pain relievers)

5) Plants supply fuel(ie. Wood as a heat source)

6) Plants provide recreation & tourism (ie. Ecotourism)

What is Nature Worth?

This is a look at the value of ALL living things (plants and animals)... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TartoYpK1yI

Photosynthesis

Light energy converts CO2 and H2O into C6H12O6 and O2

CO2 + H2O ------> C6H12O6 + O2Sunlight energy

C6H12O6 (glucose )is food for plants

O2 is used for human/animals to breathe ( Cellular respiration)

What is Cellulose? Cellulose is found in cell

walls of plants

It’s a complex carbohydrate

How do Humans use Cellulose? Cellulose from cotton

plants is for fabric

Cellulose from wood used for paper/cardboard

When burned it provides heat

Recall: Plant Cells Recall: Plant cells

contain some

structures that

animal cells do not

have.

1) cell wall -> to

provide support

2) large central

vacuole-> storage

of materials /

food/ enzymes

3) chloroplasts ->

photosynthesis

Vascular Plant Body(Organ Systems)Shoot System:

above ground

stems provide structural support and bear reproductive structures

leaves perform photosynthesis

Root System

below ground

roots anchor the plant

roots absorb the water and minerals required

Shape

Function

Examples

Sketch

Shape

Function

Examples

Sketch

Shape

Function

Examples

Sketch

Types of PLANT CELLS:Complete Blackline Masters 13.3For Parenchyma Cells, Collenchyma Cells,Sclerenchyma Cells(pg 546)

Plant TissueMeristematic: areas where new cells are produced by mitosis

Dermal: outer layers of cells that form a protective covering

Ground: multi-functional tissue inside a plant; includes all

three types of cells (parenchyma, collenchyma,

sclerenchyma)

Vascular: internal system of tubes that transports water,

minerals, and other substances; two types are xylem and

phloem

There are 3 Plant Organs:1) Roots2)Stems3)Leaves

Together they work to absorb water and minerals from the ground and take in carbon dioxide and light from above.

Types of Leaves

Types of Roots

Types of Stems

(A) Tubers, like potatoes, are underground stems. (B) Bulbs, like onions, are

compressed stems surrounded by leaves. (C) Stolons are stems that run

horizontally above ground. (D) Rhizomes are stems that run underground.

(E) Irises are plants that have rhizomes.

Recall: Diagram of a Leaf

Structure and Function of Leaf Leaf blade is attached directly to the stem or via a

petiole.

Epidermal cells produce a waxy cuticle to prevent

evaporation.

Veins are made up of vascular tissue.

Palisade mesophyll cells are made up of parenchyma

cells that perform photosynthesis.

Spongy mesophyll cells are made up of parenchyma cells

loosely packed to allow gases to flow between them.

Monocots vs. DicotsFlowing plants are divided into 2 major classes. Notice the differences.

Overview of Transport in Plants

1) Sugars( glucose) made by

photosynthesis are carried to

all other living cells by the

phloem.

2) Water and dissolved

minerals are taken from the

ground and brought to all

cells by the xylem.

Recall: Ploem & XylemPhloem Xylem

Types of TransportationWater and nutrients move through the following processes:

1) Diffusion

2) Osmosis

3) Active Transport

1) DIFFUSIONRecall

Diffusion: movement of particles from an area of high [con’c]to low [con’c]

Water will move from an area of low solute [con’c] (high water) to high solute [con’c] (low water)

2) OSMOSIS

3) ACTIVE TRANSPORTWhen particles move against the [con’c] gradient.

From low [con’c] to an area of high [con’c].

Because it is against the natural tendency of particles, this process requires energy.

Active vs. Passive Transport

With the [con’c ]gradient Against the [con’c ]gradient

Active Transport in the XylemActive transport moves xylem fluid against gravity in two ways:

• positive root pressure (pushing)

• negative pressure (transpirational pulling)

“A.K.A The PUSH-PULL System”

Root Pressure( The “Push”): Xylem Transport-Water enters the roots by osmosis, and water pushes upward in the xylem.

-Minerals continue to move across the membrane by active transport.

-The “push” of water and minerals is aided by the adhesion(sticking) of water molecules to the xylem cell walls.

-The water and minerals move into the stem and eventually enter the leaves, moving through the veins.

-At the end of the veins, the water and minerals diffuse into the cells of the leaves. Much of the water that reaches the leaf (up to 90%) then returns to the atmosphere, evaporating through the stomata (this is called transpiration).

Transpiration (The “Pull”): Xylem Transport“The cohesion-tension model”

The loss of water through transpiration in the

leaves creates the pull that moves water and

minerals up to replace the lost water.

As the water is being pulled up by transpiration,

cohesion (attraction between water molecules),

and adhesion (attraction between water

molecules and xylem walls), more water enters

the roots.

Translocation: Phloem TransportTranslocation= The transport of sucrose (made from glucose) through the phloem.

Sucrose moves down to the roots for winter storage and back up to the trunk and branches in the spring. ( source to sink)