PLANTS review#2

Chapters 35, 36, 37, 39 AnatomyTransportNutrition

Response

Name the three basic plant organs Roots, stems, leaves

The organ that anchors the plant, absorbs minerals & water, and often stores organic nutrients roots

What is the function of roothairs?

Increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals

Image from: http://bio1903.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch35/35_03RootHairsAndTip.jpg

Main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants

leaves

Mutualistic relationship betweenplant roots and fungi that increases water absorption

mycorrhizae

Root hairs develop from________ tissue

epidermal vascular ground

epidermal

Attraction in between water moleculesthat helps water move up the xylem

cohesion

Transport protein that facilitatesthe movement of water acrossa cell membraneaquaporins

Attraction between water moleculesand the surface of the xylem wallsthat helps water move up the xylem

adhesion

When K+ ions leave guard cellsthe cells become ________

flaccid turgid

and the stomata will _______ open close

flaccid

close

Essential elements that act ascofactors in enzymatic reactions thatare needed by plants in small amounts are called________________

Plants whose roots contain nodulesinfected by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria are __________

legumes

micronutrients

Essential elements needed by plants in large amounts like carbon, oxygen,hydrogen, and nitrogen are called________________

Water will move into an area with________ water potential.

lower higher

lower

macronutrients

Tell the cofactor needed for chlorophyll production

magnesium

Give some examples ofplant macronutrients

?

CHNOPS-carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfurcalcium, magnesium, potassium

Nitrifyingbacteria

Name the bacterial process

Nitrogen fixingbacteria

Ammonifyingbacteria

1.

2.

3.

4.Denitrifyingbacteria

Ion uptake by roots is possible because root hairs use ______________ to release H+ into the soil to displace cations like Ca++, Mg++, & K+

proton pumps

Non-protein enzyme helpers arecalled ___________cofactors

Give some examples of plantmicronutrientsManganese, boron, iron, chlorine, zinc,Copper, nickel, molybdenum

Openings in plant leaves for gasexchange

stomata

When K+ ions enter guard cellsthe cells become ________

flaccid turgid

and the stomata will _______ open close

turgid

open

Cells connected to sieve tube members by many plasmodesmata which help load sugars and assist with metabolism

Companion cells

Water impermeable ring of cells that blocks the apoplastic flow of water and solutes and channels itinto the xylem

Casparian strip

Continuum of cell walls plus theextracellular spaces

apoplast

Transport mechanism that movesanions or sugars into cells when hydrogen ions move down theirconcentration gradient

cotransport

Continuum of cytosol connected by plasmodesmata between

plant cellssymplast

Describes a walled cell that haslost water in hypertonic surroundings

flaccid

_________ buds are locatedbetween the leaf and stemAxillary

_________ growth involves theplant growing in width orcircumference

Secondary

Movement of water due to a difference in pressure betweentwo locations

Bulk flow

Describes a walled cell that hasgained water in hypotonic surroundings

turgid

Exudation of water droplets from plant leaf tips at night due to root pressure

guttation

Cells that surround stomatal openings and control their openingand closing Guard cells

Evaporative loss of water fromleaves

transpiration

Vascular tissue consisting of elongated living cells thattransport sugar and other organicnutrients throughout the plant

phloem

Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct water and minerals upward from roots to rest of plant

xylem

Water moves in xylem from roots to shoots due to ____________ pressure positive negative

negative

Mechanism that uses energy stored inthe form of a hydrogen ion gradientacross a membrane to drive cellular work

chemiosmosis

Sugar moves in phloem from source to sink is due to ____________ pressure positive negative

positive

_________ buds are locatedat the tip of stems

Terminal

_________ growth involves theplant growing in length/height

Primary

Perpetual embryonic tissues where cell division and plantgrowth occurs = ___________meristems

The zone of ____________ isthe region where new cells arebeing produced

cell division

The _________ protects theroot tip as it pushes throughthe soil

root cap

The zone of ____________ isthe region where cells are growing in length

elongation

_____________ is when the terminal buds inhibit the growth of axillary buds

Apical dominance

The zone of ____________ isthe region where cells differentiate and become functional

maturation

In leaves, the outer layer made of tightly packed cell covered by waxy cuticle = _______________epidermis

Waxy layer covering the epidermis which preventswater loss cuticle

Root system consisting of a mat of many thin roots without a main root seen in monocots =_______________Fibrous roots

__________ meristems are regions of primary growth at thetips of roots and buds

Apical

Root system with one thick vertical root with many lateral roots seen in dicots is calleda ________________taproot

________ meristems are regionsof secondary growth where theplant increases in diameter

Lateral

The ________________produces secondary xylem and

phloem

vascular cambium

Openings that connect tracheids

pits

The ________________produces the tough outerwoody covering (bark)

cork cambium

Xylem is made of cells called___________ tracheids

Xylem cells found in some angiosperms in addition totracheidsVessel elements

Mature xylem cells are _______ living non-living

non living

Phloem is made of cells called___________________Sieve tube members

Mature phloem cells are _______ living non-living

living

End wall in a sieve tube memberwhich facilitates the flow of phloem sap Sieve plate

Most abundant type of living cell in plants that can differentiate into other cell types

parenchyma

“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell wallsthat perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis

parenchyma

_________ pressure results inthe movement of phloem sap

negative positive

Positive

Cell type that is structural with unevenly thickened walls that supports growing parts of plantscollenchyma

________ tissue includes allcells that are not vascular orepidermal

ground

“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell wallsthat perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis

parenchyma

_________ pressure results inthe movement of xylem sap

negative positive

Negative

Cell type that is grouped in cylinders that is structural but FLEXIBLE with no lignin in the cell walls

collenchyma

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Cell type that is structural but rigid; Cells are dead with thick walls containing ligninsclerenchyma

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