Plastic Fuel

8/2/2019 Plastic Fuel

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Hong Kong Student Science Project Competition

2006

Hong Kong Student Science Project Competition

2006

PPllaassttiicc FFuueellCarmel Pak U Secondary SchoolCarmel Pak U Secondary School


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Oil Price


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Domestic Waste


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Landfill Burden

Landfill: Tuen Mun Landfil l: Tseung Kwan OLandfil l: Ta Kwu Ling

Covering 1/ 400 of HK

17,500 tones of solid wastes are disposed ofeveryday

Landfill sites will be FULL in 6 to 10 yearshtt p:/ / www.epd.gov.hk/ epd/ english/ environmentinhk/ waste/ prob_solutions/ msw_nent.html


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Are there any new solutions?

PlasticPlastic

FuelFuel


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AimsAims

AlleviateAlleviateLandfillLandfill

BurdenBurden

ReduceReduce

DependenceDependence

OnOn

Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels

ConserveConserve

NaturalNatural

ResourcesResources

ConvertConvert

wasteswastesinto fuelsinto fuels


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PresentationPresentation

Part 2Part 2MethodologyMethodology

Part 1Part 1

TheoryTheory

Part 3Part 3

PracticalPractical

IssueIssue

Catalytic CrackingCatalytic Cracking

Fractional DistillationFractional Distillation


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Catalytic Cracking

Cracking

PolypropeneLiquid AlkanesGaseousAlkenes

Part 1

Theory

Sand BrickSand Brick Catalyst Steel WoolSteel Wool


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CatalyticCracking

Plast ic SamplesPlast ic SamplesCatalystCatalyst

Part 1

Theory


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CatalyticCracking

Part 1

Theory


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Test using Br2 Testing Gaseous Alkenes Using Br2(aq)

Part 1

Theory


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Part 1

Theory

Fractional

Distillation


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Fractions of liquid products

Fraction

1

Fraction2

Part 1

Theory


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Fraction

3

Fraction

4

Fraction

5

Part 1

Theory

End of Part 1End of Part 1


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Part 1Part 1

TheoryTheory

Part 3Part 3

PracticalPractical

IssueIssue

PresentationPresentation Plast ic Samples

Catalyst SamplesComparison withfossil fuels

Petrol Engine

Experimentsconducted


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Plastic SamplesPlastic Samples

Polyethene (PE)Polyethene (PE) Polypropene (PP)Polypropene (PP)

PlasticSamples

Part 2

Methodology


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Polypropene (PP) Products

Drinking Straws

Trays and containersPart 2

Methodology


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Polyethene (PE) Products

Plastic Bags WrappingsPart 2

Methodology


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Catalyst Samples

Sandbrick

Iron Wool

Part 2

Methodology


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Part 2

Methodology

Conversion% Conversion of Different Plastics to Alkanes &

Alkenes Using Sand Brick as Catalyst

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

PP(Drinkin

g

Straw)

PP(Plas

tic

Cup

)

PE(Parkn

Shopp

ing

Bag

)

PE(White

Ru

bbishBag

)

PE(Wrappin

g

Bag

)

Plastic Samples

%

Convers

ion

PP : Higher %conversionPP : Higher %conversion

Highest

Conversion %

93.2%


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Soot

Tests forPlastic Fuel


PetrolEngine

Enthalpy

Part 2

Methodology

Comparison of Plastic Fuels and Fossil Fuels

Aluminium foilAluminium foil

CrucibleCrucible


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Mass of soot formed for different samples of liquid alkanes & petroleum

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Fraction 1

Boiling Point

75-90

Fraction 2

Boiling Point

125-135

Fraction 3

Boiling Point

160-180

Fraction 4

Boiling Point

220-240

Petrol Kerosene Diesel

(Commercial)

Different liquid alkanes and petroleum

Massofsoo

t(mg

/g)

Soot

Less soot was

produced byplast ic fuels


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Soot



PetrolEngine

Enthalpy

Part 2

Methodology


ThermometerThermometer

Aluminium CanAluminium Can

CrucibleCrucible


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Enthalpy of combustion of different sample of liquid alkanes and petroleum

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

Fraction 1

Boiling Point 70-

90

Fraction 2

Boiling Point

125-135

Fraction 3

Boiling Point

160-180

Fraction 4

Boiling Point

220-240

Petrol Kerosene Diesel

(Commercial)

Different liquid alkanes and petroleum

Enthalpychang

e(kJ/g)[negative]

Enthalpy

Plast ic fuels & fossil fuels had similarenthalpy of combust ion


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Soot



PetrolEngine

Enthalpy

Part 2

Methodology



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PetrolEngine

Performance of Plastic Fuel in Petrol Engine

Part 2

Methodology


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Part 2

Methodology

Plastic Fuels as substitutes for fossil fuels

Plastic

Fuel

(Fraction)

1 2 3 4 5

Fossil

Fuel

Petrol Kerosene Diesel Heavy

OilsEnd of Part 2End of Part 2

Pr t tiPresentation


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Part 1Part 1

TheoryTheory

Part 3Part 3

PracticalPractical

IssueIssue

PresentationPresentation

Cost Calculation

Survey

Trash Tax

Source Separat ion


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Cost Calculation

Price (HK $ /g)

Calt ex Pet rol(8/4/2006) 0.0195

(tax included)

0.0109 (tax excluded)

Fract ion 1(Plastic Fuel)

0.0106Fract ion 2

(Plastic Fuel)0.0115

Part 3

Practical Issue


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How can we do it ?

Part 3

Practical Issue

S


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Survey

1. Are there any recycling bins in your buildings? 2. Have your ever used the recycling bins?

Part 3

Practical Issue

Question 1

81%

19%

Yes

No

Question 2

59%

32%

9% YesNo

No comment


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3. The present recycled materials are paper,

aluminium cans and plastic bottles etc. If plastic

products are able to be converted into fuels, willthus raise your interest in using the recycling bin?

Part 3

Practical Issue

Question 3

82%

18% Yes

No


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Trash Tax

Sharing of the cost of operation andSharing of the cost of operation andproduction of plastic fuelproduction of plastic fuel

Part 3

Practical Issue

Reduction of the use of plastic bagsReduction of the use of plastic bags

bl d


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Public Education

Part 3

Practical Issue

Recycling scheme


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Recycling scheme

Plastic Fuel Tree


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Plastic Fuel Tree

Part 3

Practical IssuePlast ic WastePlast ic Waste

Valuable Plast ic FuelValuable Plast ic Fuel

Acknowledgement


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Acknowledgement

Chak Sang Motor Service

Sun Kee Motor Car Body

TVB

ATV

Information Service Department, HKSAR

Environmental Protection Department

Reference


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Reference

Nnamso S. Akpanudoh, Karishma Gobin and GeorgeManos, Catalytic Degradation of Plastic Waste to LiquidFuel over Commercial Cracking Catalysts, Effect ofPolymer to Catalyst Ratio/Acidity Content, Journal ofMolecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Volume 235, Issues 1-2 ,1 July, 2005

T.Yoshinaga, M, Yamaye T. Kito, T. Ichiki, M. Ogata,J.Chen ,H. Fujino, T. Tanimura, T.Yamanobe, Alkaline

dechlorination of PVC in organic solvents under mildconditions, Kyushu Institute of Tech., Kyushu KyoritsuUni., Kitakyushu City Institute of Environmental Sci.,Gunma Uni., Yamahuchi Prefectural Research Institute ofPublic Health, Feb., 2004

The EndThe End


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The EndThe End

Thank YouThank You

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Plastic Fuel