PLATE TECTONICS

REVIEW

Approximately how old is the

earth?

4.6 billion years old

What are the three zones of the earth?

Crust, mantle, core

What are the two types of crust?

Oceanic & continental

Describe the lithosphere.

Rigid plastic-like

Describe the asthenosphere.

Flowing plastic layer

Which part of the core is solid?

The inner core

Which two elements make up the core?

Iron and nickel

Which zone makes up 2/3 of the earth’s mass?

The mantle

Who proposed the idea of continental drift?

Alfred Wegener

What is the single landmass called?

Pangaea

What is the single ocean called?

Panthalassa

One piece of evidence that supports continental drift is that similar _______ were found in eastern South America and western Africa.

Fossils or rocks

At mid-ocean ridges, magma rises and cools into new ocean crust.

What is this process called?

Sea floor spreading

The idea of plate tectonics is that the _______ is made up of solid pieces that “ride” on the _______________.

Lithosphere,Asthenosphere

What is the force that pulls rocks apart?

Tension

What is the force that

pushed one rock in

opposite horizontal directions?

Shearing

What is it called when rock responds to stress by becoming permanently deformed WITHOUT breaking?

Folding

What is the type of folding that makes curves that look like the mouth in a “smiley face”?

Syncline

What is a break in the rock when the rocks have actually moved?

Fault

What is a break in the rock when there is no movement on either side of the break?

Fracture

What are the mountains that are formed when molten rock rised up and pushes rock layers above it?

Dome mountains

The discovery of “striping” on the ocean floor provided evidence of the reversing of Earth’s ____________.

Paleo-magnetism

What type of boundary has plates moving away from each other?

Divergent boundary

Plates are moving toward each other in a ___________ boundary.

Convergent

The three types of convergent boundaries depend on the types of crust.

Name the 3 options.

1. Oceanic-Oceanic

2. Continental-Continental

3. Oceanic-Continental

When oceanic crust collides with continental crust, __________ occurs.

Subduction

What is the main reason for plate movement?

Convection currents

A force that causes pressure in the crust’s rocks in called _________.

Stress

Name the three types of stress and describe each.

Tension – pulling apartCompression – pushing togetherShearing – moving in opposite directions

What is the name of the mountain range that formed when India collides with Eurasia?

The Himalayas

What mountains were formed when the continent of Africa collided with North America?

The Appalachains

What are large areas of flat rocks high above sea level called?

A plateau

The San Andreas fault in California is an example of which type of boundary?

Transform boundary

What is the block of rock ABOVE the fault called?

Hanging wall

Which type fault is formed when the hanging wall drops down?

A normal fault

What is the upward fold in rock called?

An anticline

When the hanging wall moves up and over the foot wall, a ________ fault is formed.

Thrust

What does the hanging wall do in a reverse fault?

Moves down

What feature is formed at a divergent boundary?

A mid-ocean ridge

Which type of convergent boundary produced the Japanese Islands?

Converging oceanic plates(oceanic – oceanic)

What type of boundary

produces a trench?

(be specific – 2 options)

Convergent Boundary• oceanic – oceanic•oceanic - continental

What are the four evidences that Wegener used for his idea of continental drift?

1. Shape of continents

2. Fossil Evidence3. Rock Types

(mts.)4. Climatic

Evidence

Give an example of where you could see two converging continental plates.

The Himalayas

The Andes Mountains in South America are located at which type of plate boundary?

A convergent boundary of oceanic – continental plates

Where could you go to see a transform boundary?

The San Andreas Fault in California

What type of mountains are located near subduction zones?

Volcanic mountains

What type of stress is

associated with convergent boundaries?

Compression

The End

GOOD LUCK!!!