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CHAPTER 1: ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING
PLUMBING
Plumbing the at an! te"hni#ue $% in&talling
'i'e&( %i)tue&( an! $the a''aatu&e& in
buil!ing& %$ binging in the &u''l* $% li#ui!&(
&ub&tan"e& an!+$ inge!ient& an! em$,ing
them- an! &u"h .ate( li#ui! an! $the "aie!/
.a&te& ha0a!$u& t$ health( &anitati$n( li%e an!
'$'et* 'i'e& an! %i)tue& a%te in&tallati$n ie(
the 2'lumbing &*&tem3 4Se"ti$n 5167 The
Re,i&e! Nati$nal Plumbing C$!e $% the
Phili''ine& 18889
PLUMBING SSTEM
Plumbing S*&tem in"lu!e& all '$table .ate
&u''l* an! !i&tibuti$n 'i'e&( all 'lumbing
%i)tue& an! ta'&- all &anita* an! &t$m
!ainage &*&tem&- ,ent 'i'e&( $$% !ain&(
lea!e& an! !$.n&'$ut&- an! all buil!ing !ain&
an! &e.e&( in"lu!ing thei e&'e"ti,e ;$int& an!
"$nne"ti$n&- !e,i"e&( e"e'ta"le&( an!
a''utenan"e& .ithin the '$'et*- .ate line& in
the 'emi&e&- '$table( ta'( h$t an! "hille! .ate
'i'ing- '$table .ate teating $ u&ing
e#ui'ment- %uel ga& 'i'ing- .ate heate& an!
,ent& %$ &ame
4Se"ti$n 51615 NPC 18889
A Plumbing &*&tem( e!u"e! t$ it& &im'le&t
tem&( "$n&i&t& $% a &u''l* 'i'e lea!ing t$ a
%i)tue an! a !ain'i'e ta<ing the u&e! .ate
a.a* %$m thi& %i)tue
The &*&tem "$n&titute& the %$ll$.ing:
1 The .ate &u''l* an! .ate !i&tibuti$n
&*&tem Caie& .ate %$m the .ate &$u"e(
&teet main $ a 'um' t$ the buil!ing an! t$
,ai$u& '$int& in the buil!ing at .hi"h .ate i&
u&e!
5 The 'lumbing %i)tue& The e"e'ta"le& that
e"ei,e the &u''lie! .ate an! all$. the
$""u'ant& $% the buil!ing t$ u&e the .ate
= The !ainage &*&tem The 'i'ing net.$<
.ithin the buil!ing .hi"h "$n,e*& %$m the
'lumbing %i)tue& all .a&te& an! %e"al matte
4&anita* !ainage9 a& .ell a& ain.ate 4&t$m
!ainage9 t$ a '$int $% !i&'$&al $ a teatment
%a"ilit*
THE PLUMBER
The 'lumbe i& the $ne .h$ .$<& $ engage& in
the bu&ine&& $% in&talling in buil!ing& the 'i'e&
%i)tue& an! $the a''aatu& %$ binging in the
.ate &u''l* an! em$,ing li#ui! an! .ateb$ne
.a&te&
Thee ae thee "ateg$ie& $% 'lumbe& ba&e!
u'$n thei ga"e& $% e)'eien"e& The* ae:
1 A''enti"e 'lumbe/ a beginne at the ta!e
.h$ u&uall* &e,e& %$ = t$ > *ea& a& hel'e t$ a
;$une*man5 ?$une*man 'lumbe/ ha& &e,e!
hi& a''enti"e&hi' an! i& "$m'etent t$ 'e%$m
the ta&<& $% in&talling an! e'aiing 'lumbing
= Ma&te 'lumbe/ a 'e&$n te"hni"all* an!legall* #uali%ie! an! li"en&e! t$ 'a"ti"e the
'$%e&&i$n $% ma&te 'lumbing .ith$ut limitati$n&
in a""$!an"e .ith Re'ubli" A"t 1=6@( ha,ing
'a&&e! the e)aminati$n& "$n!u"te! b* the
P$%e&&i$nal Regulati$n C$mmi&&i$n 4PRC9( ha&
e"ei,e! a "eti%i"ate $% egi&tati$n %$m the
b$a! $% ma&te 'lumbing an! '$&&e&&e& the
"uent li"en&e t$ 'a"ti"e 4Se"ti$n 51> NPC
59
THE PLUMBING COE
The im'$'e in&tallati$n $% 'lumbing ma* a%%e"t
the health $% the $""u'ant& $% a buil!ing an!
"eate a "ente '$int %$ the &'ea! $% !i&ea&e
The '$&&ibilit* i& $% &u%%i"ient 'ubli" intee&t& t$
e#uie the egulati$n $% 'lumbing b* la. The
ight $% the g$,enment t$ egulate the !etail& $%
'lumbing i& ba&e! $n the 'in"i'le $% the
'$te"ti$n $% 'ubli" health
The ba&i" g$al $% the Nati$nal Plumbing C$!e $%
the Phili''ine& i& t$ en&ue the #uali%ie!$b&e,an"e $% the late&t '$,i&i$n $% the
'lumbing an! en,i$nmental la.&
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THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GODERNING THE
NATIONAL PLUMBING COE
1 All 'emi&e& inten!e! %$ human u&e $
habitati$n &hall be '$,i!e! .ith a &u''l* $% 'ue
an! .h$le&$me .ate( neithe "$nne"te! t$
un&a%e .ate &u''l* n$ &ub;e"t t$ ba"<%l$. $ba"</ &i'h$nage
5 Plumbing %i)tue&( !e,i"e& an! a''utenan"e&
&hall be &u''lie! .ith .ate in &u%%i"ient ,$lume
an! 'e&&ue a!e#uate t$ %un"ti$n &ati&%a"t$il*
an! .ith$ut un!ue n$i&e
= Plumbing &hall be !e&igne! an! a!;u&te! t$
u&e the minimum #uantit* $% .ate "$n&i&tent
.ith '$'e 'e%$man"e an! "leaning
e,i"e& %$ heating an! &t$ing .ate &hall be
&$ !e&igne! an! in&talle! a& t$ 'e,ent !ange&
%$m e)'l$&i$n th$ugh $,eheating
> E,e* buil!ing abutting $n a &teet( alle* $
ea&ement .ith a 'ubli" &e.e &hall "$nne"t it&
'lumbing %i)tue& t$ the &e.e &*&tem
7 Ea"h %amil* !.elling unit &hall ha,e at lea&t
$ne .ate "l$&et( $ne <it"hen t*'e &in<( a
la,at$* an! a bathtub $ &h$.e t$ meet the
ba&i" e#uiement& $% &anitati$n an! 'e&$nal
h*giene
6 Plumbing %i)tue& &hall be ma!e $% &m$$th
n$n/ab&$bent mateial( %ee %$m "$n"eale!
%$uling &u%a"e& an! &hall be l$"ate! in ,entilate!
en"l$&ue&
@ The !ainage &*&tem &hall be !e&igne!(
"$n&tu"te! an! maintaine! t$ &a%egua! again&t
%$uling( !e'$&it $% &$li!&( "l$gging an! .ith
a!e#uate "lean$ut& &$ aange! that the 'i'e&ma* be ea!il* "leane!
8 All 'i'ing &hall be $% !uable NAMPAP/
a''$,e! mateial&( %ee %$m !e%e"ti,e
.$<man&hi'( !e&igne! an! "$n&tu"te! b*
Regi&tee! Ma&te Plumbe& t$ en&ue
&ati&%a"t$* &e,i"e
1 Ea"h %i)tue !ie"tl* "$nne"te! t$ the
!ainage &*&tem &hall be e#ui''e! .ith a .ate/
&eale! ta'11 The !ainage 'i'e& 'i'ing &*&tem
&hall be !e&igne! t$ '$,i!e a!e#uate "i"ulati$n$% ai %ee %$m &i'h$nage( a&'iati$n $ %$"ing
$% ta' &eal& un!e $!ina* u&e
15 Dent teminal& &hall e)ten! t$ the $ute ai
an! in&talle! t$ 'e,ent "l$gging an! the etun
$% %$ul ai t$ the buil!ing
1= Plumbing &*&tem& &hall be &ub;e"te! t$ &u"h
te&t& t$ e%%e"ti,el* !i&"l$&e all lea<& an! !e%e"t&
in the .$<man&hi'
1 Sub&tan"e .hi"h .ill "l$g the 'i'e&( '$!u"e
e)'l$&i,e mi)tue&( !e&t$* the 'i'e& $ thei
;$int& $ inte%ee un!ul* .ith the &e.age/
!i&'$&al '$"e&& &hall
n$t be all$.e! t$ ente the buil!ing !ainage
&*&tem
1> P$'e '$te"ti$n &hall be '$,i!e! t$
'e,ent "$ntaminati$n $% %$$!( .ate( &teile
g$$!& an! &imila mateial& b* ba"<%l$. $%
&e.age hen ne"e&&a*( the %i)tue( !e,i"e $a''lian"e &hall be "$nne"te! in!ie"tl* .ith the
buil!ing !ainage &*&tem
17 N$ .ate "l$&et &hall be l$"ate! in a $$m $
"$m'atment .hi"h i& n$t '$'el* lighte! an!
,entilate!
16 I% thee i& n$ &e.e &*&tem in the aea(
&uitable '$,i&i$n &hall be ma!e %$ the !i&'$&al
$% buil!ing &e.age b* &$me a""e'te! meth$! $%
&e.age teatment an! !i&'$&al( &u"h a& a &e'ti"
tan<
1@ hee a 'lumbing !ainage &*&tem ma* be
&ub;e"t t$ ba"<%l$. $% &e.age( &uitable '$,i&i$n
&hall be ma!e t$ 'e,ent it& $,e%l$. in the
buil!ing
18 Plumbing &*&tem& &hall be maintaine! in
&e,i"eable "$n!iti$n b* Regi&tee! Ma&te
Plumbe&
5 All 'lumbing %i)tue& &hall be in&talle!
'$'el* &'a"e!( t$ be a""e&&ible %$thei
inten!e! u&e
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51 Plumbing &hall be in&talle! .ith !ue ega! t$
the 'e&e,ati$n $% the &tength $% &tu"tual
membe& an! the 'e,enti$n $% !amage t$ .all&
an! $the &u%a"e& th$ugh %i)tue u&age
55 Se.age $ $the .a&te %$m 'lumbing
&*&tem&( .hi"h ma* be !eletei$u& t$ &u%a"e $&ub/&u%a"e .ate& &hall n$t be !i&"hage! int$
the g$un! $ int$ an* .ate.a*( unle&& %i&t
en!ee! inn$"u$u& th$ugh &ub;e"ti$n t$ &$me
a""e'table %$m $% teatment
BRIEF HISTOR OF PLUMBING PRACTICE IN
THE PHILIPPINES
In 185( the Plumbing Ta!e .a& !ul*
e"$gni0e! b* the g$,enment in the Cit* $%
Manila Ma&te Plumbe ?$hn F Haa& be"ame
the %i&t Chie% $% the i,i&i$n $% PlumbingC$n&tu"ti$n an! In&'e"ti$n A Plumbing C$!e
ba&e! $n the Plumbing C$!e $% the Unite!
State& .a& in"$'$ate! int$ the Buil!ing C$!e
%$ the Cit* $% Manila
In 18=>( the Nati$nal Ma&te Plumbe&
A&&$"iati$n $% the Phili''ine& 4NAMPAP9 .a&
%$mall* $gani0e!
Manila Cit* O!inan"e 511( the Plumbing
C$!e $% the Cit* $% Manila .a& ena"te! an!
'la"e! un!e the e'atment $% Publi" Se,i"e&(Manila
In 18>( the Thi! C$nge&& a''$,e! H$u&e
Bill N$ 875 .hi"h in ?une 1@( 18>>( be"ame
RA 1=6@ Plumbing La. $% the Phili''ine&
u'$n ati%i"ati$n $% Pe&i!ent Ram$n Mag&a*&a*
On ?anua* 5@( 18>8( the Nati$nal Plumbing
C$!e $% the Phili''ine& 'e'ae! b* NAMPAP.a& '$mulgate! an! a''$,e! b* Mala"aang
Be%$e Matial La. in 1865( Re'ubli" A"t N$
7>1 $the.i&e <n$.n a& the Buil!ing C$!e $%
the Phili''ine& .a& 'a&&e! .ith the Nati$nal
Plumbing C$!e $% 18>8 a& e%eal "$!e in %ull
te)t The P$%e&&i$nal Regulati$n C$mmi&&i$n
4PRC9 a!$'te! the Re,i&e! Plumbing C$!e $%
1888 .hi"h Pe&i!ent ?$&e'h E&ta!a a''$,e!
e"embe 51( 1888 'u&uant t$ Se"ti$n $%
RA 1=6@ <n$.n a& the Plumbing La.
TPICAL PLUMBING SSTEM OF A TOILET
AN BATHCHAPTER 5: PROPERTIES OF
ATER GENERAL
ate 'la*& an im'$tant 'at in the 'lumbing
&*&tem It i& a "$mm$n( but in man* .a*&( an
unu&ual li#ui! Lage #uantitie& $% .ate ae
e#uie! in buil!ing& %$ 'e&$nal u&e( %$$!
'e'aati$n( "leaning an! geneal !$me&ti"
'u'$&e&( an! '$&&ibl* al&$ %$ %ie %ighting(
laun!ie&( &.imming '$$l&( iigati$n an!
e"eati$nal u&e
e &$metime& ten! t$ thin< $% .ate a& an
ine)hau&tible natual e&$u"e
H$.e,e( $u &u''l* $% %e&h .ate i& !e%initel*
limite!( an! im'$,e! "$n&e,ati$n 'a"ti"e& ae
ne"e&&a* i% $u nee!& ae t$ be &u''lie!
THE EMAN OF ATER
EMAN REJUIREMENT
in<ing( C$$<ing( i&h.a&hing Mu&t be 'ue(
&teili0e! an! '$te"te! %$m "$ntaminati$n
Su''lie& ta<en !ie"t %$m main& $ %$m
e)"lu&i,e &t$age
Pe&$nal a&hing an! $me&ti" Cleaning
Simila but m$!eate! t$ all$. "$l! an! h$t
&u''lie& t$ be !a.n %$m main &t$age tan< $
"i&ten ,ia !i&tibuti$n net.$<
Laun!* Geneall* "lean an! .h$le&$me( &$%t
an! %ee %$m I$n an! Mangane&e &taining
Fie Fighting High Pe&&ue C$nne"ti$n& mu&t
n$t 'emit "$ntaminati$n $% main& .ate
S.imming Clean( %iltee! an! &teili0e! .ith %ee
"hl$ine e&i!ue %$ '$&t/&teili0ati$n Can be
e"i"ulate!
B$ile& an! Heating Plant& S$%t teate! .ate(&t$e! an! "i"ulate! &e'aate %$m !$me&ti"
&u''lie&
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Iigati$n N$ &'e"ial e#uiement( e)"e't
ea&$nabl* %ee %$m &$li!& an! &lit 4e&ult in
bl$"<e! Pi'e& an! n$00le&9 an! uu!e"$m'$&e!
mateial 4'$lluti$n9
THE ATER CCLE
The "*"le ba&i"all* "$n&i&t& $% .ate enteing the
atm$&'hee th$ugh e,a'$ati$n an! etuning
th$ugh "$n!en&ati$n i& that the&e '$"e&&e&
e&ult in natual.ate 'ui%i"ati$n hen .ate
e,a'$ate&( $nl* .ate m$le"ule& lea,e the
&u%a"e& &alt& an! $the &$li!& in &$luti$n emain
behin! The "$n!en&e! .ate i& thu& 'ui%ie!
.ate/ e)"e't in &$ %a a& it 'i"<& u' '$llutant& in
the ai Thu& e,a'$ati$n an! "$n!en&ati$n $%
.ate ,a'$ ae the &$u"e $% all natual %e&h
.ate $n eath
Fe&h .ate %$m 'e"i'itati$n %alling $n the
g$un! ga!uall* ma<e it& .a* th$ugh &team&(
i,e& an! la<e& t$ $"ean& $ &ea& a& a e&ult A&
'e"i'itati$n hit& the g$un!( it ma* %$ll$. eithe
$% t.$ altenati,e 'ath.a*&( .hi"h ae
A m$le"ule $% H5O "an ab&$b a ma)imum
"a'a"it* $% 15 gain&
4Relati,e Humi!it*9
RHK 4+159 ) 1K ==
RHK 41+159 ) 1K @===
Im'e,i$u& La*e/ !$e& n$t all$. H5O t$ 'a&&
th$ugh
8 Pui%ie! ate/ .ate that un!eg$e& a
'$"e&& .hee the '$llutant& ae em$,e! $
en!ee! hamle&&
1 P$llute! ate/ .ate that "$ntain& $ne $
m$e im'uitie& that ma<e the .ate un&uitable
%$ a !e&ie! u&e
11 Ga* ate/ .ate !aine! %$m la,at$ie&(
&in<( laun!* ta*& an! &h$.e&- "$ntain& min$
'$llutant&
15 Bla"< ate/ .ate !aine! %$m .ate
"l$&et& an! uinal&- "aie& b$!* .a&te& an!
"$ntain& ma;$ '$llutant&
1= St$m ate/ ain.ate !aine! %$m $$%gutte& an! !$.n&'$ut&
ATER JUALIT PROBLEMS AN THEIR
CORRECTION
PROBLEM CAUSE EFFECT CORRECTION
1 A"i!it* C$ntain& "ab$n !i$)i!e Ci&ten an!
'$n! .ate& "$ntaining !e"a*ing ,egetati$n ae
li<el* t$ be a"i!i" C$$&i$n $% n$n%e$u& 'i'e&(
u&ting an! "l$gging
$% &teel 'i'e&
Pa&&ing the .ate
th$ugh a be! $%
"u&he! mable $
lime&t$ne t$
a"hie,e al<alinit*( $
a!!ing &$!ium
&ili"ate
5 Ha!ne&& Pe&en"e $%
Magne&ium an!
Cal"ium
Cl$gging $% 'i'e&
Im'aie! laun!eing
an! %$$!
'e'aati$n
Int$!u"ti$n $% .ate
&$%tene& ma!e u'
$% e$lite 4a
geeni&h ganula
mateial9
= Tubi!it* Silt $ &u&'en!e!
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matte& 'i"<e! u' in
&u%a"e $ nea
&u%a"e %l$.
i&"$l$ati$n an!
ba! ta&te
Filtati$n
C$l$ Pe&en"e $% I$n
an! Mangane&e
i&"$l$ati$n $%
%i)tue& an! Laun!*
Pe"i'itati$n b*
%iltati$n th$ugh
mangane&e 0e$lite
4$)i!i0ing %ilte9
> P$lluti$n C$ntaminati$n b*
$gani" matte $
&e.age
i&ea&e Chl$inati$n
ATER PURIFICATION
ate 'ui%i"ati$n i& an* meth$! that .ill em$,e
$ne $ m$e mateial& that
ma<e the .ate un&uitable %$ a gi,en u&e The
meth$!& that ae "$mm$nl* u&e! in
.ate 'ui%i"ati$n ae:
1 Settling $ Se!imentati$n
5 Filtati$n
= A!&$'ti$n+ Fl$""ulati$n/C$agulati$n
Aeati$n
> i&tillati$n
7 i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n
The natual .ate in"lu!e& all $% the&e
'ui%i"ati$n meth$!& e)"e't !i&in%e"ti$n
Sitting in la<e&( '$n!&( $ the $"ean&( .ate i&
&ub;e"t t$ &ettling 4&e!imentati$n9 A&
it 'e"$late& th$ugh &$il $ '$$u& $"<&( it i&
%iltee! 4%iltati$n9 S$il an! humu& ae
al&$ g$$! "hemi"al a!&$bent& 4"$agulati$n+
%l$""ulati$n9 A& .ate %l$.& !$.n
&team& an! i,e&( !etitu& i& em$,e! b*
bi$l$gi"al $)i!ati$n 4aeati$n9 A& .ate
e,a'$ate& an! "$n!en&e&( it i& !i&tille!
4!i&tillati$n9
Thu&( nume$u& %e&h.ate &$u"e& might be
&a%e t$ !in< .ee it n$ %$ human
'$lluti$n The m$&t &ei$u& theat t$ human
health i& "$ntaminati$n .ith !i&ea&e"au&ing
$gani&m& an! 'aa&ite&( .hi"h "$me %$m the
e)"ement& $% human& an!
thei !$me&ti" animal& In human &ettlement&(
$ne "an &ee h$. the $gani&m& ma*
get int$ .ate an! be 'a&&e! $nt$ 'e$'le be%$e
an* $% the natual 'ui%i"ati$n
'$"e&&e& "an .$<
THE METROPOLITAN CEBU ATER ISTRICT
4MC9
The Met$'$litan Cebu ate i&ti"t 4MC9 i&the &$le "$mme"ial '$,i!e in
Met$ Cebu "$m'i&ing $% %$u "itie& an! %$u
muni"i'alitie& A& $% *ea 5(
MC &e,e! $% the t$tal '$'ulati$n $%
Met$ Cebu
MC i& 'imail* ta&<e! t$ !eli,e a!e#uate(
&a%e( '$table an! a%%$!able .ate t$
i& "$n&&i$nae&
MC ha& t.$ &$u"e& $ it& .ate &u''l*:
1 G$un! ate
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5 Su%a"e ate
GROUN ATER TREATMENT PRECESS
USE B MC
G$un! .ate &$u"e& ae natuall* an!
'e&umabl* 'ui%ie! b* a "$m'a"t thi"<
%ilte me!ia la*e $% unga!e! &an!&( &$il& an!
$"<& at "$n&i!eable !e'th Hen"e(
!i&in%e"ti$n u&ing Chl$ine Ga& an! $the
Chl$ine Salt& i& the $nl* teatment '$"e&&
em'l$*e! Hee( .ate that i& e)ta"te! %$m
thei g$un! th$ugh a 'um'ing e#ui'ment
i& all$.e! t$ 'a&& th$ugh "hl$inati$n %a"ilit*
u&ing "hl$ine ga& t$ <ill an* 'e&en"e $%
"$li%$m $gani&m& an! $the %$m& $% ba"teia
ate i& the &t$e! in a e&e,$i ea!*
%$ !i&tibuti$n int$ ea"h "$n"e&&i$naie3& %au"et
At "etain aea& in the !i&tibuti$n net.$<( ie"t
%ee! 'um'ing &tati$n& ae
em'l$*e! t$ augment the .ate &u''l* The&e
ae &tategi"all* l$"ate! in !i%%eent
aea& Met$ Cebu
SURFACE ATER BASIC TREATMENT
PROCESS EMPLOE B MCRun$%% $
&u%a"e .ate i& %i&t &t$e! in !am F$m thi&(
.ate g$e& th$ugh a
&eie& $% teatment '$"e&&e&
The Buhi&an am 4Ti&a Filtati$n9
Buhi&an am i& Cebu3& %i&t an! $nl* !amMC3& $nl* &u%a"e .ate &$u"e It
&u''lie& the Ti&a 4Labang$n9 %ilte 'lant .ith u'
t$ 7 "ubi" mete 'e h$u 47(
lite& 'e h$u $ 1>@( gall$n& 'e h$u9 $
ab$ut an a,eage $% ( "ubi" mete
!ail* 4 milli$n lite& $ 1> milli$n gall$n&9
Thi& !am i& l$"ate! in Buhi&an( a &$uthen
m$untain baangga* $% Cebu Cit* Thi& .a&
!e&igne! b* 56 *ea/$l! Eu&ebiu& ?uliu&
Hal&ema AG an! P( the .inning bi!e( a&<e!
Ph' 7=( 75@ t$ !$ the .$< On N$,embe
1( 1811( the !am .a& "$m'lete! an!
ea!* t$ be %ille!
ith a height $% 56 mete&( the "$n"ete !am
ha& a "$ni"al a"h !e&ign .hi"h
tan&%e& the &te&& in the e&e,$i 4"au&e! b*
.ate &tain9 t$ the &i!e& $% the !am
theeb* an"h$ing it %iml* in 'la"e
Thee > mete .i!e %l$$! gate& e)i&t %$ %l$$!
"$nt$l 'u'$&e& It& l$ng
"$n"ete &'ill.a* all$.& $,e%l$. .ate t$
e&"a'e &a%el* .hen the !am gate& ae
ai&e!
T.$ <il$mete& $% a. .ate main 'i'e& e)ten!
%$m the !am t$ the !i&tibuti$n
e&e,$i in Ti&a F$m the latte( a %$u <il$mete
'i'eline !i&tibute& .ate t$
"$n"e&&i$naie& in Cebu Cit* An$the 51
<il$mete& $% 'i'eline& .ee al&$ lai! %$
im'$,e! .ate !i&tibuti$n
T$!a* the alm$&t 1 *ea $l! Buhi&an am i&
a& &t$ng a& .hen it %i&t
$'eate!
TREATMENT PROCESS
MC teat& the &u%a"e .ate u&ing the
"$n,enti$nal '$"e&& "$m'i&ing $% the
%$ll$.ing:
1 Aeati$n
5 C$agulati$n/ Fl$""ulati$n
= Se!imentati$n
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Filtati$n
> i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n
1 Aeati$n/ ate i& &'a*e! int$ the ai t$
elea&e an* ta''e! ga&e& an! ab&$b
a!!iti$nal $)*gen %$ bette ta&te5 C$agulati$n/Fl$""ulati$n/ Thi& i& the '$"e&& b* .hi"h &mall
&e!iment 'ati"le&
.hi"h !$ n$t &ettle .ell "$mbine t$gethe t$ %$m
lage 'ati"le& .hi"h "an be
em$,e! b* &e!imentati$n Thi& '$"e&&
in"lu!e& 'h*&i"al an! "hemi"al
'$"e&&:
a C$agulati$n/ i& the "hemi"al '$"e&& in .hi"h
the "$agulant ea"t& .ith
the &e!iment t$ ma<e it "a'able $% "$mbining
int$ lage 'ati"le& Thi& i&
"alle! !e&tabili0ati$n
b Fl$""ulati$n/ i& the 'h*&i"al '$"e&& in .hi"h
the &e!iment 'ati"le&
"$lli!e .ith ea"h $the an! &ti"< t$gethe
= Se!imentati$n/ Thi& i& the '$"e&& b* .hi"h
&u&'en!e! &$li!& ae em$,e! %$m
the .ate b* ga,it* &ettling an! !e'$&iti$n Thi&
'$"e&& u&uall* %$ll$.&
"$agulati$n/%l$""ulati$n The $b;e"ti,e $% thi&
'$"e&& i& t$ em$,e m$&t $% the
&u&'en!e! &$li!&( e!u"ing the l$a!& $n the
%ilte&
Filtati$n/ Thi& i& the 'a&&age $% %lui! th$ugh
a '$$u& me!ium &u&'en!e!
matte .hi"h !i! n$t &ettle b* ga,it* In .ate
'ui%i"ati$n( matte t$ be em$,e!
in"lu!e& &u&'en!e! &ilt( "la*( "$ll$i!&( an!
mi"$$gani&m& in"lu!ing algae(
ba"teia( an! ,iu&e& A %ilte be! "$n&i&t& $% a
ganula n$n/'$$u& mateial hel!
$ne 'la"e b* the %$"e $% ga,it* $ b* the
!ie"ti$n $% %l$.
> i&in%e"ti$n+ Chl$inati$n/ Thi& i& the m$&t
im'$tant '$"e&& u&e! in the
'$!u"ti$n $% .ate $% a &a%e an! &anita* #ualit*
Chl$inati$n i& the meth$! $%
int$!u"ing a "$nt$lle! am$unt $% "hl$ine t$ the
.ate in $!e t$ attain a
!e&ie! !egee $% !i&in%e"ti$n
A%te the '$"e&&e&( .ate i& &t$e! in a
e&e,$i( then t$ the tan&mi&&i$n main&( then
t$ the( !i&tibuti$n line&( !$.n t$ the &e,i"e
"$nne"ti$n& an! la&tl* t$ the
"$n"e&&i$naie3& %au"etSURFACE ATER
SUPPL AN TREATMENT SSTEM
ate i& ta<en %$m the .ate &he! e&e,$i an!
'i'e! t$ the teatment 'lant At
the 'lant( 419 .ate i& aeate! t$ elea&e ta''e!
ga&e& an! t$ ab&$b $)*gen %$ bette
ta&te( 459 Alum+ta.a& 4aluminum &ul%ate9 i&
a!!e! t$ "$agulate $gani" 'ati"le&( an! 4=9
the .ate i& 'ut int$ a &ettling ba&in %$ &e,eal
h$u& t$ all$. "$agulate! 'ati"le& t$
&ettle It i& then 49 %iltee! th$ugh &an! %ilte&(
4>9 Chl$ine i& a!!e! t$ <ill ba"teia an!
'ut int$ a &t$age tan< %$ !i&tibuti$n t$
"$n"e&&i$naie& CHAPTER =: PLUMBING
FITURES
FITURES/ e"e'ta"le& atta"he! t$ a 'lumbing
&*&tem $the than a ta' in .hi"h .ate
$ .a&te ma* be "$lle"te! $ etaine! %$
ultimate !i&"hage int$ the 'lumbing &*&tem
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COMMON TPES OF PLUMBING FITURES
USE IN RESIENCES
1 ate "l$&et Uinal
5 La,at$* > Bi!et
= it"hen &in< 7 Bath tub
ATER CLOSET/ A 'lumbing %i)tue u&e! t$
e"ei,e human e)"emental an! t$
!i&"hage it th$ugh a .a&te 'i'e( u&ing .ate a&
a "$n,e*ing me!ium ate "l$&et&
ae "la&&i%ie! a""$!ing t$ !e&ign( ma<e( %lu&hing
me"hani&m( &ha'e an! in&tallati$n
A TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO
ESIGN
1 Si'h$n .a&h!$.n = Si'h$n D$te)
5 Si'h$n ;et Re,e&e ta'
1 SIPHON ASHON/ The lea&t e)'en&i,e
but the
n$i&ie&t- $nl* &mall am$unt $% &tan!ing
.ate&u&"e'tible t$ %$uling( &taining an!
"$ntaminati$n It i&
me"hani"all* &ati&%a"t$* an! i& l$.e in 'i"e
Hen"e(
it i& .i!el* u&e! an! entiel* a""e'table .hee
'i"e i&
the main "$n&i!eati$n
5 SIPHON ?ET/ The ;et being &ubmege!
int$!u"e& it&
.ate un!e.ate &$ that it& $'eati$n i& entiel*
mu%%le!
It ha& a lage am$unt $% &tan!ing .ate t$
'e,ent %$uling
It i& me"hani"all* e%%i"ient but e)'en&i,e
= SIPHON DORTE/ thi& t*'e $% b$.l !e,el$'&
it& %lu&hing
a"ti$n th$ugh the .ate enteing th$ugh
!iag$nal h$le&
a$un! the im .hi"h "eate& a &.iling a"ti$n
.hi"h %$m&
a ,$te) in the "ente It i& "$n&i!ee! t$ be the
m$&t
#uiet( m$&t e%%i"ient an! m$&t &anita* .ate
"l$&et REDERSE TRAP the ta' .a*
l$"ate! at the ea $%
the .ate "l$&et eliminate! the bul!ge at the%$nt The
!e&ign an! a''eaan"e $% the b$.l 'lu& it& lage
.ate
aea an! #uietne&& in $'eati$n( ma<e it
!e&iable than
&i'h$n .a&h !$.n
B TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO MAE
1 One/'ie"e = Pail Flu&h
5 Cl$&e C$u'le! S#uat b$.l
1 ONE/PIECE ATER CLOSET/ The .ate
"l$&et %i)tue i& manu%a"tue! .ith the
b$.l an! the %lu&h tan< m$l!e! int$ a &ingle unit
U&uall* u&e! in tan!em .ith the
bi!et
5 CLOSE COUPLE ATER CLOSET/ a
.ate "l$&et .hee in the %lu&h tan< i&
&e'aate but i& atta"he! t$ the t$ilet b$.l It i& a
t.$/'ie"e m$!el
= PAIL FLUSH ATER CLOSET/ a .ate "l$&et
"$m'i&ing $nl* $% a b$.l .ith$ut
a %lu&h tan< Flu&hing a"ti$n i& $btaine! $nl*
th$ugh .ate '$ue! %$m a 'ail $
bu"<et Thi& i& u&e! in aea& .hee unning
.ate &*&tem& ae n$t a,ailable SJUAT
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BOL ATER/ A .ate "l$&et that i& $the.i&e
<n$.n a& Ea&ten
t*'e &in"e the u&e a&&ume& a &#uatting
'$&iti$n athe than a &itting '$&iti$n
C TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO
FLUSING MECHANISM
1 Flu&h tan<
5 Flu&h Dal,e 4%lu&h$mete9
1 FLUSH TAN/ h$l!& a &u''l* $% .ate %$
%lu&hing a %i)tue &u"h a& the .ate
"l$&et It ha& a "a'a"it* $% > t$ 7 gall$n&
5 FLUSH DALDE/ ,al,e !e&igne! t$ &u''l* a
%i)e! #uantit* $% .ate %$ %lu&hing
'u'$&e& It i& a"ti,ate! b* !ie"t .ate 'e&&ue
.ith$ut the u&e $% a %lu&h tan<
It i& al&$ <n$.n a& Flu&h$mete $ Flu&h$mete
,al,e The %lu&h ,al,e e#uie&
1 t$ 5 '&i %l$. 'e&&ue
TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO SHAPE
1 R$un! F$nt5 El$ngate! F$nt
1 ROUN FRONT/ inten!e! %$ in&tallati$n $n alimite! &'a"e
5 ELONGETE FRONT/ i& m$e "$m%$table
but $""u'ie& a lage &'a"e
E TPES OF ATER CLOSET AS TO
INSTALLATION
1 Fee Stan!ing 4Fl$u m$unte!9
5 all Hung 4all M$unte!9 MINIMUM ATER
CLOSET CLEARANCES
ROUGHING/IN IMENSIONS OF ATER
CLOSET
PLUMBING FITURE MATERIALS 4GENERAL
REJUIREMENTS9
JUALIT OF FITURES
i en&e
ii uable
iii N$n/ab&$bent
i, Sm$$th( Im'e,i$u& Su%a"e
, Fee %$m unne"e&&a* "$n"eale! %$uling
&u%a"e&
MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU
DALUE
i ate "l$&et 'i,ate in&tallati$n 67mm Q 4=
9 FU( Q
ii ate "l$&et 'ubli" in&tallati$n 67mm, Q
4=9 7 FU( Q
u&e 7 FU .hen "$m'uting %$ &e'ti" tan< &i0e
SIE OF ATER SUPPL AN SFU
DALUEi ate "l$&et( Flu&h tan< 15 mm Q
41+5 9 = 4Pi,ate9
> 4Publi"9
ii ate "l$&et( Flu&h Dal,e 5>mm Q 419
7 4Pi,ate9
1 4Publi"9
MINIMUM SIE OF DENT
i The minimum &i0e $% ,ent %$ .ate "l$&et i&
>1mm Q
DENTILATION OF T B
i Ceiling m$unt e)hau&t %an !u"t t*'e
ii Themal e)hau&t %an
TILES IN TERMS OF ESIGN FOR TB
i 5mm ) 5mm %$ "eami"
LADATOR/ a %i)tue !e&igne! %$ the .a&hing $%
the han!& $ %a"e It i& al&$ <n$.n a&
.a&h ba&in
TPES OF LADATOR
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1 all Hung la,at$*
5 Pe!e&tal La,at$*
= C$unte T*'e La,at$*a O,e C$unte
b Un!e "$unte
One/ Pie"e La,at$*
TPES OF LADATOR FAUCET
a Cente Set
b i!e S'ea!
ROUGHING/IN OF LADATOR MINIMUM
LADATOR CLEARANCE
MATERIALS FOR LADATORIES
a Dite$u& China
b Enamele! Ca&t I$n
" Stainle&& Steel
! Pla&ti"
MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER FU DALUE
$ a&h ba&in( in &et& =@mmQ 5 FU
$ a&h ba&in( &ingle =@mm Q 1 FU
SIE OF ATER SUPPL PIPE SFU
DALUE
$ La,at$* 15mmQ 41+59 1 4Pi,ate u&e9
54Publi" u&e9
MINIMUM SIE OF DENT FOR LADATOR
$ The minimum &i0e $% ,ent %$ a la,at$* i&
=5mmQ
BIET/ a 'lumbing %i)tue u&e! %$ .a&hing the
mi!!le 'at $% the b$!*( e&'e"iall* the
genital& It i& al&$ <n$.n a& the Sit0 Bath/
Setting an! "leaan"e %$ bi!et &hall be the &ame
a& in the .ate "l$&et
/ Bi!et minimum ta' !iamete i& =@mm an! it&
FU ,alue i& 5
/ Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm an! SFU i& 5
4'i,ate9 $ 4'ubli"9
BATH TUB/ a tube %$ bathing( u&uall* a %i)e!
'lumbing in&tallati$n !e&igne! %$ $ne
'e&$n It i& a,ailable in le%t $utlet an! ight
$utlet
minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mmQ 41 9
bathtub minimum ta' !iamete i& =@mm an!
the FU ,alue i& 5
&i0e $% &u''l* 'i'e i& 15mm an! SFU ,alue i&
5 4'i,ate9 an! 4'ubli"9
REJUIREMENTS FOR HIRLPOOL
BATHTUBS 4SEC 11 NPC 18889
a P$,i!e em$,able a""e&& 'anel t$ the 'um'
b L$"ate the "i"ulati$n 'um' ab$,e the "$.n
.ei $% the ta'
" The 'um' an! the "i"ulati$n 'i'ing &hall be
&el%/!aining t$ minimi0e .ate
etenti$n
! Su"ti$n %itting& $n .hil'$$l bathtub& &hall
"$m'l* .ith the li&te! &tan!a!&
URINAL/ A &anita* %i)tue e#ui''e! .ith a .ate
&u''l* an! !ain %$ %lu&hing a.a*
uine
TPES OF URINAL1 all hung Uinal
5 Pe!e&tal Uinal
= Stall Uinal T$ugh Uinal
MINIMUM CLEARANCES FOR URINALS
MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU DALUE
a Uinal( all/m$unte! >1mm 459 7 FU
b Uinal( Stall >1mm 459 7 FU
" Uinal( Ta' am >1mm 459 = FU
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SIE OF SUPPL PIPE AN SFU DALUE
a Uinal( all/m$unte! 18mm 4=+9 >
SFU
b Uinal( Stall 18mm 4=+9 >
SFU
MINIMUM SIE OF DENT
a The minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mmQ
SINS
MINIMUM TRAP IAMETER AN FU DALUE
it"hen Sin< 4Re&i!ential9- 1 Q =@ mm Q
5 FU
>1mm minimum .a&te 'i'e
Ba Sin< 4C$mme"ial9 1 Q =@ mm Q
5 FU
>1mm minimum .a&te 'i'e
Ba Sin< 4Pi,ate9 1 Q =@ mm Q 1
FU
=@mm minimum .a&te 'i'e
Sin< 4C$mme"ial( In!u&tial( In&tituti$nal9 1
Q =@ mm Q = FU
>@mm minimum .a&te 'i'e
Sin< 4Clini"9- Flu&hing Rim = Q 67mm Q
7 FU
Se,i"e &in< 4Sl$'9 5 Q >1 mm Q
=FU
Laun!* Tub 1 Q =@ mm Q 5 FU
SIE OF SUPPL PIPE AN SFU DALUE
it"hen &in< Q =@ mm Q 5
4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9
S"ulle* &in< =+ Q =@ mm Q 5
4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9
Sl$' Sin< Q =@ mm Q 5 4Pi,ate9- 1
4Publi"9
Laun!* Tub Q =@ mm Q 5
4Pi,ate9- 4Publi"9
Ba &in< Q =@ mm Q 1
4Pi,ate9- 5 4Publi"9
RINING FOUNTAIN
Minimum ta' !iamete i& =1mm an! FU
,alue i& 1
Si0e $% .a&te &u''l* i& 15mm Q an! the SFU
,alue 4ea"h %au"et9 i& 1 4'i,ate
u&e9 $ 5 4'ubli" u&e9
Minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =5mm Q 41 9
SHOER BATH
Minimum ta' !iamete i& >1mm an! the FU
,alue i& 5 Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm Q an!
the SFU ,alue 4ea"h hea!9 i& 5 4'i,ate
u&e9 $ 4'ubli" u&e9
Minimum &i0e $% ,ent i& =@mm Q
FLOOR RAINS
Minimum ta' !iamete i& >1mm an! the FU
,alue i& 5
HOSE BIBB
Si0e $% .ate &u''l* i& 15mm Q an! the SFU
,alue i& = 4'i,ate u&e9 $ >
4'ubli" u&e9
ITCHEN SIN/ a 'lumbing %i)tue& u&uall*
"$n&i&ting $% a ba&in .ith a .ate &u''l*(
"$nne"te! .ith a !ain
TPES OF ITCHEN SIN
a Single B$.l/ Single ain
b $uble B$.l/ Single ain
" $uble B$.l/ $uble ain! Ti'le B$.l
e C$ne Sin<
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OTHER PLUMBING FITURES
SLOP SIN/ A !ee' &in<( u&uall* &et l$. an!
u&e! b* ;anit$& %$ em't*ing 'ail&
$% !it* .ate an! m$' "leaning
RINING FOUNTAIN/ A %i)tue "$n&i&ting $% a&hall$. ba&in( t$gethe .ith a
.ate ;et !e&igne! t$ '$,i!e '$table .ate %$
human "$n&um'ti$n
LAUNR TUB/ A !ee' .i!e &in< $ but u&e!
%$ .a&hing "l$the& It i& al&$
<n$.n a& Laun!* Ta* $ Set Tub
SHOER BATH/ An a''aatu& %$ &'a*ing
.ate $n the b$!*( u&uall* %$m
ab$,e ain i& th$ugh the &h$.e bath %l$$
!ain
SCRUB SIN/ a 'lumbing %i)tue u&uall*
l$"ate! in the $'eating $$m in a
h$&'ital t$ enable 'e&$nnel t$ &"ub thei han!&
'i$ t$ a &ugi"al '$"e!ue-
the h$t an! "$l! .ate &u''l* i& a"ti,ate! b* a
<nee/a"ti$n mi)ing ,al,e $ b*
.i&t $ 'e!al "$nt$lPLUMBING UNIT 4Se"
5161= NPC 18889
The minimum &tan!a! #uantitie& $% 'lumbing
%i)tue& that !i&"hage .a&te int$ a
'lumbing in&tallati$n in"lu!e-
1 .ate mete
1 .ate "l$&et
1 la,at$*
1 &h$.e hea! an! !ain %$ a bathtub $ &h$.e
&tall
1 <it"hen &in<
1 laun!* ta*
= %l$$ !ain&
%au"et&+ h$&e Bibb
1= T$tal numbe& $% %i)tue& an! %itting& that
"$m'i&e a 'lumbing
unit
NOTES ON SHOER RECEPTOR 4NPC 18889
1 Ea"h &h$.e e"e't$ &hall be "$n&tu"te! t$
ha,e a %ini&he! !am( "ub $
the&h$l! $% at lea&t 5> mm l$.e that the
$ut&i!e %l$$
5 The !am $ the&h$l! &hall n$t be le&& than
>1mm n$ m$e than 55@mm in
!e'th( .hen mea&ue! %$m the t$' $% the !am
$ the&h$l! t$ the t$' $% the
!ain
PLUMBING ACCESSORIES1 S$a' h$l!e
5 Pa'e h$l!e
= T$$thbu&h an! tumble h$l!e
T$.el h$l!e+ t$.e ba
> Seat C$,e
TPICAL FITURE LAOUT FOR TOILET AN
BATH 4minimum !imen&i$n&9TOILET FITURE
CLEARANCES FOR ISABLE PERSONS 4'e
BP = The
A""e&&ibilit* La.9 GRABRAIL HEIGHTS ATURINALS
MOUNTING IMENSIONS FOR TOILET
BATHROOM ACCESSORIES
MOUNTING IMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES
AN FITTINGS AT SHOER
AREAMOUNTING IMENSIONS OF
ACCESSORIES AN FITTINGS
AT BATH TUB+ SHOERCHAPTER :
RAINAGE SSTEM
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The !ainage &*&tem i& "$m'$&e! $% the 'i'ing
net.$< .ithin a &tu"tue .hi"h
"$n,e*& &e.age( ain.ate( $ $the .a&te& %$m
thei '$int $% $igin t$ a '$int $%
!i&'$&al( &u"h a& a 'ubli" &e.e $ a 'i,ate
teatment %a"ilit* 4&e'ti" tan<9 Thi& &*&tem
i& $%ten <n$.n a& the D S*&tem 4ainage(
a&te an! Dent9 The "$m'lete
!ainage &*&tem i& &ub!i,i!e! int$ %$u 49 &ub/
&*&tem&( a& %$ll$.&
1 SOIL RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing that
"$n,e*& the !i&"hage $% .ate
"l$&et& $ %i)tue& ha,ing &imila %un"ti$n&
4"$ntaining %e"al matte9( .ith $
.ith$ut the !i&"hage& %$m $the %i)tue&
5 ASTE RAINAGE STEM $ SANITAR
RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing
that e"ei,e& the li#ui! !i&"hage( %$m 'lumbing
%i)tue& $the than th$&e %i)tue&
4.ate "l$&et&9 e"ei,ing %e"al matte Thi& 'i'ing
i& %ee $% %e"al %l$.
= STORM RAINAGE SSTEM/ The 'i'ing&*&tem that e"ei,e& "lea .ate
!ainage %$m lea!e&( !$.n&'$ut&( &u%a"e un/
$%%( g$un! .ate( &ub&u%a"e
.ate( "$n!en&ate .ate( "$$ling .ate $ $the
&imila !i&"hage& an! "$n,e*&
them t$ the '$int $% !i&'$&al All &anita* .a&te&
mu&t be e)"lu!e!
DENT SSTEM/ the 'i'ing &*&tem that
e"ei,e& a %l$. $ ai t$ $ %$m a
!ainage &*&tem $ t$ '$,i!e a "i"ulati$n $% ai
.ithin &u"h &*&tem t$ '$te"t
ta' &eal& %$m &i'h$nage $ ba"< 'e&&ue
GENERAL REJUIREMENTS FOR A
PROPERL ESIGNE RAINAGE SSTEM
a The 'i'ing mu&t be ai tight( ga& tight an!
.ate tight
b Ea"h 'lumbing %i)tue( e)"e't th$&e .ith
integal ta'&( &hall be &e'aatel*
ta''e! b* an a''$,e! t*'e .ate &eal ta'
Thi& i& t$ 'e,ent $!$/la!en an!
gem/la!en t$ i&e $ut $% the !ainage &*&tem
an! "$ntaminate the &u$un!ing
ai in the $$m
" Ea"h 'lumbing %i)tue ta' &hall be '$,i!e!
.ith ,ent 'i'e& Thi& i& t$ '$te"t the
!ainage &*&tem again&t &i'h$nage an! ba"<
'e&&ue an! t$ a&&ue ai
"i"ulati$n th$ugh$ut the !ainage &*&tem
! A "lean$ut( ea&il* a""e&&ible( &hall be
'$,i!e! %$ in&'e"ti$n $ "leaning $% the
'i'e un The l$"ati$n $% the "lean$ut &hall be:
/ At the u''e en! $% e,e* h$i0$ntal .a&te $
&$il 'i'e
/ At e,e* "hange $% h$i0$ntal !ie"ti$n $% n$t
m$e than 55>
!egee&/ ithin 1> m 4>39 in&i!e the '$'et*
line be%$e the h$u&e &e.e
"$nne"ti$n
/ At e,e* 1>m 4>39 t$ a h$i0$ntal un $% a &$il
$ .a&te 'i'e
e All h$i0$ntal 'i'ing &hall be un in 'a"ti"al
alignment an! at a uni%$m ga!e $%
n$t le&& than 5 $ 5 "m 'e mete t$.a! the
'$int $% !i&'$&al
% All h$i0$ntal 'i'ing &hall be &u''$te! an!
an"h$e! at inte,al& n$t t$ e)"ee! =
mete&
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g Deti"al 'i'ing &hall be &e"ue! at &u%%i"ientl*
"l$&e inte,al& t$ <ee' the 'i'e in
alignment Sta"<& &hall be '$'el* &u''$te! at
thei ba&e&EFINITION FROM NPC 1888
EITION
HOUSE + BUILING RAIN/ 'at $% the l$.e&th$i0$ntal 'i'ing $% a 'lumbing &*&tem(
.hi"h e"ei,e& the !i&"hage& %$m the &$il(
.a&te an! $the !ainage 'i'e& in&i!e $% a
buil!ing an! "$n,e*& it t$ the h$u&e &e.e
$ut&i!e $% the buil!ing HOUSE + BUILING
SEER / e)ten!& %$m the h$u&e !ain at a
'$int 7 mete&
%$m the $ut&i!e %a"e $% the %$un!ati$n .all $% a
buil!ing t$ the ;un"ti$n .ith the &teet
&e.e $ t$ an* '$int $% !i&"hage( an!
"$n,e*ing the !ainage $% $ne buil!ing &ite N$
h$u&e+buil!ing &e.e &hall be &malle than
1>mm in !iamete( n$ le&& in &i0e than the
h$u&e+buil!ing !ain
ASTE PIPE / "$n,e*& $nl* .a&te.ate $
li#ui! .a&te %ee $% %e"al matte
SOIL PIPE/ an* 'i'e .hi"h "$n,e*& the!i&"hage $% .ate "l$&et( uinal $ %i)tue&
ha,ing &imila %un"ti$n&( .ith $ .ith$ut the
!i&"hage& %$m $the %i)tue& t$ the buil!ing
!ain $ buil!ing &e.e
SOIL STAC PIPE/ a ,eti"al &$il 'i'e "$n,e*ing
%e"al matte an! .a&te .ate
DENT PIPE / u&e! %$ en&uing the "i"ulati$n $%
ai in a 'lumbing &*&tem an! %$
elie,ing the negati,e 'e&&ue e)ete! $n ta'
&eal&
DENT STAC/ the ,eti"al ,ent 'i'e in&talle!
'imail* %$ '$,i!ing "i"ulati$n $% ai t$
an! %$m an* 'at $% the &$il( .a&te $% the
!ainage &*&tem
SEPTIC TAN/ A .atetight "$,ee! e"e'ta"le
!e&igne! an! "$n&tu"te! t$ e"ei,e
the !i&"hage $% &e.age %$m a buil!ing &e.e(
&e'aate &$li!& %$m the li#ui!( !ige&t
$gani" matte an! &t$e !ige&te! &$li!& the
"lai%ie! li#ui!& t$ !i&"hage %$ %inal
!i&'$&al
PRIDATE SEAGE ISPOSAL SSTEM/ a
&e'ti" tan< .ith the e%%luent !i&"haging
int$ a &ub&u%a"e !i&'$&al %iel!( &ee'age 'it& $
$% &u"h $the %a"ilitie& $ ma* be
'emitte! b* the 'lumbing "$!e
ROOF GUTTER/ the .ate "$lle"t$ at the ea,e&
$% the buil!ing
ON SPOUT/ A ,eti"al 'i'e .hi"h "$n,e*&
ain .ate( al&$ <n$.n a& "$n!u"t$ $
ain .ate
STORM RAIN/ Re"ei,e& &t$m .ate ( "lea(
ain $ &u%a"e/.ate .a&te 4S9
CATCH BASIN/ A e"e'ta"le in .hi"h li#ui!& ae
etaine! %$ a &u%%i"ient 'ei$! $% time
t$ all$. mateial& t$ &ettle t$ !e'$&it
TRAP/ A %itting $ !e,i"e !e&igne! an!
"$n&tu"te! t$ '$,i!e( .hen '$'el* ,ente!( a
li#ui! &eal .hi"h 'e,ent& the ba"<%l$. $% %$ul ai
$ methane ga& .ith$ut mateiall*
a%%e"ting the %l$. $% &e.age $ .a&te .ate
th$ugh itMATERIALS USE FOR THE
PLUMBING RAINAGE SSTEM APPRODE
B
THE 1888 NATIONAL PLUMBING COE
ECRETA RAINAGE PIPING
1 Ca&t i$n
5 u"tile i$n
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= Gal,ani0e! &teel 4&hall n$t be u&e!
un!eg$un! e't at lea&t 1>5mm ab$,e
g$un!9
Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n 4&hall n$t be u&e!
un!eg$un! e't at lea&t 1>5mm
ab$,e g$un!9
> Lea!
7 C$''e
6 Ba&&
@ Seie& 1( ',"( !m,
8 E)ta &tength ,iti%ie! "la* 'i'e 4&hall n$t be
u&e! ab$,e g$un! At lea&t
=mm bel$. %ini&h g$un! le,el9
1A''$,e! mateial ha,ing &m$$th an!
uni%$m b$e
NOTE: ABS an! PDC D "an be u&e! in high
i&e buil!ing& at the !i&"eti$n $% the
RMP an! .ith the %ull "$n&ent $% the $.ne
RAINAGE FITTING
1 Ca&t I$n
5 Malleable
= Lea!
Ba&&
> C$''e
7 ABS
6 PDC
@ Diti%ie! "la*
DENT PIPES
1 Ca&t i$n
5 u"tile "a&t i$n
= Gal,ani0e! &teel
Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n
> Lea!
7 C$''e
6 Ba&&
@ S"he!ule ( ABS( D
8 Seie& 1( PDC( D
DENT STACS1 C$''e
5 Ca&t i$n
= Gal,ani0e! .$ught i$n
PDC
DENT FITTINGS
1 Ca&t I$n
5 Gal,ani0e! malleable i$n
= Gal,ani0e! &teel
Lea!
> C$''e
7 Ba&&
6 ABS
@ PDC
ON SPOUT 4INTERIOR9
1 Ca&t i$n
5 Gal,ani0e! &teel
= I$n
Ba&&
> C$''e
7 Lea!
6 S"he! ( ABS( MD
@ Seie& 1( PDC( D
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ONSPOUT 4MEIUM HEIGHT BUILING9
1 GI 'i'e( &"h =
5 CISP( S
= C$''e tube( t*'e D
S"h ( ABS( D
> Seie& 1( PDC( D
ON SPOUT 4ETERIOR+ LO HT BLG9
1 57 GA( Gal,ani0e! &heet metal .ith &teel 'i'e
$ "a&t i$n at it& l$.e&t &e"ti$n
!aining t$ the "at"h ba&in
ON SPOUT 4HIGH RISE9
1 Shall be $% &t$nge 'i'e mateial& t$ e&i&t the
high h*!$&tati" 'e&&ue
ROOF RAIN1 Ca&t i$n
5 C$''e
= Othe "$$&i$n e&i&tant mateial&
TRAPS 4SEC 1= NPC 18889
1 ABS
5 Ca&t ba&&
= Ca&t i$n
Lea!
> PDC
Figue 5/ The %un"ti$n $% the ta' an! $ne $% the
&e,eal %un"ti$n& $% a ,ent 'e,enting
&i'h$nageLOSS OF TRAP SEAL/ Thi& %ailue"an be attibute! !ie"tl* t$ ina!e#uate
,entilati$n
$% the ta' an! the &ub&e#uent minu& an! 'lu&
'e&&ue& .hi"h $""u in the 'i'ing
&*&tem See %igue =
Fi,e 4>9 Cau&e $% Ta' Seal L$&&
1 Si'h$nage/ The .ith!a.al $% a li#ui! %$m a
ta' !ue t$ a &u"ti$n "au&e! b* li#ui! %l$.
in a 'i'e
a ie"t Sel%/ &i'h$nage
b In!ie"t $ M$mentum Si'h$nage5 Ba"<
Pe&&ue/ 'e&&ue !e,el$'e! in $''$&iti$n t$
the %l$. $% li#ui! in a 'i'e !ue t$
%i"ti$n( ga,it* $ &$me $the e&ti"ti$n t$ %l$. $%
the "$n,e*e! %lui! E)"e&&i,e 'e&&ue
at the l$.e&t ban"h "au&ing ta' &eal t$ l$$< %$
$'ening
= E,a'$ati$n/ O""u& .hen a %i)tue i& n$t
u&e! %$ a l$ng time A ee' &eal i& the be&t
&$luti$n but "l$g& the 'i'e !ue t$ a""umulate!
&$li! .a&te&
Ca'illa* Atta"ti$n/ %$eign $b;e"t& in the ta'&
ab&$bing ta' &eal
> in! E%%e"t&/ &t$ng .in!& th$ugh the ,ent
&*&tem %$"ing .ate $ut $% the ta'
SUPPORTS/ ae !e,i"e& %$ h$l!ing an!
&e"uing 'i'e& an! %i)tue& t$ .all&( "eiling(
%l$$& $ &tu"tual membe& Su''$t& in"lu!e
hange&( an"h$&( ba"<et&( an! "a!le&
INIRECT ASTE PIPING 4Se"ti$n @1 NPC
18889 The !ain& $% the %$ll$.ing e#ui'ment&
&hall n$t be !ie"tl* "$nne"te! t$ an* &$il(
.a&te an! ,ent 'i'e&
1 E,a'$ati,e "$$le
5 Ai a&he
= Ai C$n!iti$ne
C$l! St$age R$$m
> Re%igeat$
7 C$$ling C$unte
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6 F$$! an! in<& St$age
@ Culina*+ i&h.a&hing Sin< %$ %$$!
'e'aati$n R$$m
C$$ling an! ai "$n!iti$ning e#ui'ment& ma*
be &e'aate! b* an aibea<
F$$! e#ui'ment& &hall be &e'aate! %$m the
!ainage &*&tem b* a %ull aiga'
Aibea</ a 'h*&i"al &e'aati$n( .hi"h ma* be a
l$. inlet int$ the in!ie"t .a&te
e"e't$ %$m the %i)tue( a''lian"e $ !e,i"e
in!ie"tl* "$nne"te!( at lea&t 5>mm
Aiga'( !ainage/ the un$b&tu"te! ,eti"al
!i&tan"e th$ugh the %ee atm$&'hee
bet.een the l$.e&t $'ening %$m an* 'i'e('lumbing %i)tue( a''lian"e $ a''utenan"e
"$n,e*ing .a&te t$ the %l$$! le,el im $% the
e"e't$RAINAGE( ASTE AN DENT 4D9
PIPING SSTEM
The !ainage &*&tem i& "$m'$&e! $% g$u'& $%
'i'e& an! %itting& that "$n,e* .a&te
%$m the buil!ing t$ the '$'e mean& $% !i&'$&al
&*&tem
1 Buil!ing Se.e/ That 'at $% the h$i0$ntal
'i'ing $% a !ainage &*&tem .hi"h
&*&tem .hi"h e)ten!& %$m the en! $% the
buil!ing an! .hi"h e"ei,e& the
!i&"hage $% the buil!ing !ain an! "$n,e*& it t$
the 'ubli" &e.e( 'i,ate &e.e(
in!i,i!ual &e.age !i&'$&al &*&tem $ $the '$int
$% !i&'$&al
5 Buil!ing !ain/ the 'at $% the l$.e&t h$i0$ntal
'i'ing $% a 'lumbing &*&tem
.hi"h e"ei,e& the !i&"hage %$m &$il( .a&te
an! $the !ainage 'i'e& in&i!e $%
a buil!ing an! "$n,e*& it t$ the h$u&e &e.e
= Se.age i&'$&al S*&tem A &*&tem %$ the
teatment an! !i&'$&al $% !$me&ti"
&e.age b* mean& $% a &e'ti" tan<( "e&&'$$l( $me"hani"al teatment( all
!e&igne! t$ &e,e a &ingle e&tabli&hment(
!e,el$'ment $ buil!ing
The !ainage 'i'ing &*&tem "$ntain& %itting& that
&e,e a& !ain&( ta'& an! ,ent&
ain&/ %itting& u&e! %$ !aining %lui! %$m '$int
$% u&e t$ the 'i'ing &*&tem
Ta'&/ %itting& $ !e,i"e !e&igne! an!
"$n&tu"te! t$ '$,i!e a li#ui! &eal .hi"h
'e,ent
the ba"< 'a&&age $% ai .ith$ut mateiall*
a%%e"ting the %l$. $% &e.age $ .ate th$ugh
it
Dent&/'i'e& an! %itting& in&talle! in the &*&tem t$
'$,i!e ai "i"ulati$n &$ a& t$ '$te"t
ta' &eal& %$m &i'h$nage an! ba"<
'e&&ueTPES OF TRAP COMMONL USE
IN RESIENTIAL FITURES
1 P/ Ta' u&e! at la,at$ie&( &in<&( %l$$ !ain
an! &"u''e&
5 um Ta' u&e! at bathtub& an! bi!et&
= H$u&e Ta'
Othe A''lian"e&
a Ba"< %l$. ,al,e
b Fl$. "$nt$l ,al,e
" Gea&e ta'+ gea&e inte"e't$um Ta'/ A
"*lin!i"al ta'
"$mm$nl* u&e! $n the !ain 'i'e
%$m a bathtub $ un!e the
bath$$m %l$$SIESS AN CAPACITIES OF
GREASE TRAPS
SIES IMENSIONS
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4mm9
L ) ) H
PIPE SIE INLET
AN OUTLET
4mmV9
FLO RATE
GPM LPS
/ 568 V ) 517 >1 5 1=
/ =1V ) 5= >1 = 18
/ ==V ) 51 >1 5>
/ =>7 ) 568 >1 > =5
1 =@1 ) => ) 5@= >1 6
5 7 ) =>7 ) 58@ >1 1 7=
= 6 ) ) =5 >1 1> 8>
758 ) 8> ) =@1 >1 5 157
> 788 ) 58 ) 1 67 5> 1@
7 675 ) 6 ) 6 67 => 551
6 @=5 ) >5 ) >1@ 67 >/>> =1>
@ @6= ) >>8 ) >@ 67 6> 6=
8 85 ) 65 ) @8 67 8> 7
1 1@= ) @>1 ) 8>= 67 1 7=1
11 15@ ) 117 ) 17 67 15> 6@8
15 155 ) 1> ) 158 15 1> 87
1= 1>8 ) 11> ) 11>7 15 5 1575
1 1@ ) 1=@ ) 156 15/156 5> 1>66
1> 558 ) 1@7 ) 117 156/1>5 = 1@8=
Ba"< Fl$. Dal,e/ e,i"e
that 'e,ent& the e,e&al $%
%l$. .hi"h might %l$$! an!
"au&e !amage t$ the
buil!ing
H$u&e Ta'/ a !e,i"e
in&talle! t$ 'e,ent
"i"ulati$n $% ai bet.een the
!ainage $% the buil!ing an!
the buil!ing &e.eN$te: Minimum height $%
@8mm e#uie! %$m "$,e $% gea&e ta' t$
b$tt$m $% %i)tue&
&e,e!
S$u"e: Metma Ta!ing an! In!u&tial
"$'$ati$n
CAT N$ 1>
POT N$ 51@6
FLO CONTROL DALDE IS
RECOMMENE FOR
INSTALLATION BEEEN
FREE LEDEL HANLE RAIN
AN GREASE TRAP TO
PREDENT FATS FROM
CLOGGING INTO PIPES
FREE LEDEL HANLE RAIN
4METMA BRAN9
USING FREE LEDEL HANLE
RAIN IS FOR EAS
RIPPING OF ASTE
ATER FROM ITCHEN
SINGREASE TRAP+ GREASE
INTERCEPTOR
NOTE:
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Gea&e ta' i& n$t e#uie! %$ in!i,i!ual !.elling
unit& $ %$ an* 'i,ate li,ing
#uate& 4&e" 1111( NPC 18889
: N$ %$$! .a&te !i&'$&al unit &hall be "$nne"te!
t$ $ !i&"hage! int$ an* gea&e
ta' 4Se" 11=( NPC 18889
SIING OF GRESE INTERCEPTORS 4TABLE
1/( NPC 18889
CK M ) ) R ) F
GREASE TRAP A EDICE FOR
REMODING FAT AN GREASE
FROM ASTE ATER B
ALLOING THE RETAINE
LIJUI TO COOL AN THE
GREASE TO SOLIIF- THEN
THE GREASE IS SEPARATE B
FLOATATION- IT RISES TO THE
TOP OF THE TRAP( HERE IT IS
HEL THE PRIME PURPOSE OF
A GREASE TRAP IS TO ASSURE
A FREE FLOING RAINAGE
THROUGH PIPE LINES AT ALL
TIMES B INTERCEPTING(
ACCUMULATING AN
RECODERING GLOBULES OF
GREASE FAT AN OILS FROM
ASTE ATER
NOTE:
1 Cubi" meteK 57 gall$n&HERE:
CK &i0e $% gea&e inte"e't$& 4li#ui! "a'a"it*9
MK Numbe $% meal& &e,e! at 'ea< h$u
RK a&te %l$. ate-
ith !i&h.a&hing ma"hine 7 gall$n %l$.
4'e meal+ !a*9
ith$ut !i&h.a&hing ma"hine > gall$n %l$.
4'e meal+ !a*9
Single &e,i"e <it"hen 5 gall$n %l$.
4'e meal+ !a*9
F$$! .a&te !i&'$&e 1 gall$n %l$. 4'e
meal+ !a*9
H$&'ital <it"hen 5> gall$n + be! + !a*
FK St$age Fa"t$&
Full* e#ui''e! "$mme"ial <it"hen
@ h$u $'eati$n: 1
1@ h$u $'eati$n: 5
5 h$u $'eati$n: =
Single &e,i"e <it"hen: 1>
SAMPLE PROBLEM-
etemine the "a'a"it* an! ,$lume $% the gea&e
ta' %$ a "anteen that &e,e&
an a,eage $% > meal& a !a* that i& $'en %$m
11: am t$ 6:'m
SOLUTION: SK M ) ) R ) F K > ) > ) 5>
) 1
SK W K 75> gall$n&
MK > meal&
K> "al+ meal+ !a*
RK 5> h$u&
FK 1
S$l,e %$ ,$lume $% gea&e ta' 4D9 m=
4"ubi" mete9
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DK 75>+ 57 K 5=6 "ubi" mete ,$lume $%
gea&e ta'
OTHER METHOS USE FOR SIING THE
GREASE INTERCEPTOR
F$ gea&e ta'& the &e,e n$n/&"he!ule!
meal& t$ a n$n&'e"i%i" numbe $%
$""u'ant&( a& in e&tauant&( %a&t %$$!& &e,i"e&
an! lun"he$nette&-
C K 8 4 ) N ) H ) G ) S9hee:
CK Li#ui! "a'a"it*
K Fa"ilit* a""e&& "$e%%i"ient
K 15> %$ %ee.a*&
K 1 %$ e"eati$n aea&
K @ %$ main high.a*&
K > %$ le&&e $a!&
NK numbe $% &eat& 4u&e %a"ti$nal ,alue i%
$""u'an"* i& ael* %ull9
HK Numbe $% h$u& 'e !a* $% $'eati$n
GK a&te %l$. ate 4geneal ,alue i& > Gal&9
SK Se.age "a'a"it* %a"t$
K 16 %$ $ut%l$. t$ 'ubli" &e.e
K 5> %$ $ut%l$. t$ $''$&ite !i&'$&al
F$ gea&e ta'& that &e,e &"he!ule! meal& t$
a &'e"i%i" numbe $% $""u'ant&
a& in h$&'ital& ( nu&ing h$me& an! &"h$$l&-
CK 1 4M ) G ) S9
hee-
MK numbe $% &"he!ule! meal& &e,e! 'e !a*-
1( 5 $ =
TPES OF DENTS
1 Main &$il an! .a&te ,ent
5 Main ,ent
= In!i,i!ual ,ent $ ba"< ,ent
Unit ,ent
> Ci"uit ,ent $ l$$' ,ent
7 Relie% ,ent
6 $<e ,ent
@ et ,ent
8 L$$'e! ,ent
1 Utilit* ,entMain &$il an! .a&te ,ent The'$ti$n $%
&$il &ta"< 'i'e ab$,e the highe&t in&talle!
%i)tue ban"h e)ten!ing th$ugh the $$%
In!i,i!ual ,ent $ ba"< ,ent The '$ti$n $% the
,ent 'i'e &*&tem .hi"h &e,e& a &ingle %i)tue
Main ,ent The 'in"i'al '$ti$n $% the ,ent
'i'e &*&tem t$ .hi"h ,ent ba"he& ma* be
"$nne"te! It &e,e& a& a "$lle"ting ,ent
line
Unit ,ent The '$ti$n $% the ,ent 'i'e &*&tem
.hi"h ,entilate& t.$ %i)tue $% &imila !e&ign
in&talle! $n $''$&ite &i!e& $% a 'atiti$nThe ,ent
&ta"< i&
in&talle! bet.een
the 5
n!
an! =
!
%i)tue
a& a 'e"auti$n In
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the "a&e the &$il
ban"h be"$me&
"l$gge!( the =
!
%i)tue &"$u& the
'i'e $% %e"al .a&te
.hi"h ma* $b&tu"t
the ,ent
Ci"uit ,ent $ l$$' ,ent The '$ti$n $% the
!ainage &*&tem .hi"h ,entilate& t.$ $
m$e %i)tue ta'& that !i&"hage int$ a &$il $
.a&te ban"h
i&'$&al %iel! aea:
AK 41> X 5> X 1>9 1@
AK > m5
Y 6 m5
4ule $% thumb9
Re,i&e !i&tan"e $% ten"he&
K 6+ 5@ K 5> m
SOIL
PERCOLATION
RATE 45>mm9 419
APPLICATION RATE
4GP+ SJ METER9
1 minute >6
5 minute& 755
> =
1 56=
1> 18=>
5 1715
= 11@=
> @7
7 >=Relie% Dent The '$ti$n $% the ,ent 'i'e
in&tallati$n that 'emit& a!!iti$nal "i"ulati$n $%
ai
a$un! the !ainage 'i'e& t$ eliminate ba"<
'e&&ue an! eta!ati$n $% .a&te %l$.
21