Plumbing & Sanitary System Flea 2012

PLUMBINGANDSANITARYSYSTEM

Plumbing and Sanitary SystemPlumbing andSanitary System WaterSupplyandDistributionpp ySystemD i S t DrainageSystem

Plumbing FixturesPlumbingFixtures StormWaterSystem

WaterSupply andDistributionSystem

Water Supply and Distribution SystemWaterSupply andDistributionSystem BasicPropertiesofWater Water Cycle WaterCycle SourcesofWaterW t T t t d P ifi ti WaterTreatmentandPurification

WellsP Pumps

WaterStorage forDomesticUse ValvesandControls ColdWaterDistributionSystem HotWaterDistributionSystem

Water Supply and Distribution SystemWaterSupplyandDistributionSystem

BasicPropertiesofWater UniversalSolventDensity: 1 000 kg/m3 @ liquid state (4 C); Density: 1,000 kg/m3 @liquidstate(4 C);917 kg/m3 @solidstate


WaterCycleMajor StagesMajorStagesEvaporation

The transformation ofThe transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves f th dfrom the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere


WaterCycleMajor StagesMajorStagesCondensation

The transformation ofThe transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fogcreating clouds and fog


WaterCycleMajor StagesMajorStagesPrecipitation

Condensed water vaporCondensed water vapor that falls to the Earth's surface . Most

i it tiprecipitation occurs as rain, but also includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel, and sleet.


SourcesofWater Rainwater Rainwater

Natural Surface Water NaturalSurfaceWater

Ground Water Ground Water


SourcesofWater Rainwater Rainwater

Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or pondssheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.

AdvantagesWater is soft & pure and is

DisadvantagesOnly a source during theWaterissoft&pureandis

suitableforthehotwatersupplysystem

Onlyasourceduringthewetseason

Storage becomes app y y Storagebecomesabreedingplaceformosquitoes

Roofsmaynotbeclean


SourcesofWater Natural Surface Water NaturalSurfaceWater

A mixture of surface run-off and ground water. Surface sources includes rivers lakes ponds andsources includes rivers, lakes, ponds and impounding reservoirs.

Advantages DisadvantagesgUsuallyeasytoacquireandinlargequantities.

d f i i i

gContainsalargeamountsofbacteria,organic&

Usedforirrigation,industrialpurposesand,when treated for

inorganicsubstances;Purification&treatmentisnecessarwhentreated,for

communitywatersupply.necessary.


SourcesofWater Ground WaterTheportionoftherainwaterwhichhaspercolatedintotheearth to form underground deposits called aquifers (water

Ground Water

earthtoformundergrounddepositscalledaquifers(waterbearingsoilformation).Fromspringsandwellsandistheprincipalsourceofwaterfordomesticuseinmostruralareas

AdvantagesUsuallyhasanabundant

DisadvantagesMay have organic mattery

supply;requireslesstreatmentbecauseofnaturalfiltering.

Mayhaveorganicmatter&chemicalelementsusuallytreatmentissuggested.

Water Supply and Distribution SystemWaterSupply andDistributionSystem

WATERQUALITYPROBLEMANDTHEIRTREATMENTPROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS TREATMENT

Acidity ContainsCarbonDioxide

Corrosion ofnonferrouspipesRusting and clogging

Passing thewaterthroughabedofcrushed marble orRustingandclogging

ofsteelpipescrushedmarbleorlimestonetoachievealkalinity,oraddingsodium silicatesodiumsilicate

Hardness Presenceofmagnesiumandcalcium salts

CloggingofpipesImpairedlaundryand cooking

BoilingIntroduction ofwatersofteners made up ofcalciumsalts andcooking softenersmadeupofZeolite

Turbidity Siltormudinf i d

DiscolorationB d t t

Filtrationsurfaceoringround Badtaste


WATERQUALITYPROBLEMANDTHEIRTREATMENTPROBLEMS CAUSE EFFECTS TREATMENT

Color PresenceofIronandManganese

Discolorationoffixturesandlaundry

Chlorinationorozonation andfilefiltrationfiltration

Pollution Contaminationbyorganicmatterorsewage

Disease Chlorination

sewage


WATERTREATMENTANDPURIFICATION

WaterTreatment describesthoseprocessesusedtomake water moreacceptableforadesiredenduse.

WaterPurification istheprocessofremovingundesirablechemicals,materials,andbiologicalcontaminantsfromcontaminatedwater.



Aeration Aeration Coagulation Flocculation

Sedimentation

Filtration

Disinfection



Aeration Water is sprayed into the air to release any Aeration Waterissprayedintotheairtoreleaseanytrappedgasesandabsorbadditionaloxygenforbettertaste.



Coagulation FlocculationCoagulation chemicalprocessinwhichthecoagulant

reactswiththesedimenttomakeitcapableofcombining

Coagulation Flocculation

Flocculation physicalprocessinwhichthesedimentl ll d h h h d k h

p gintolargerparticles.

particlescollidewitheachotherandsticktogether.



Sedimentation is a physical water treatment processSedimentation isaphysical watertreatment processusedtosettleoutsuspendedsolidsinwaterundertheinfluenceof gravity.g y



Filtration Waterispassedthroughlayersofsandt at o p g yandgravelinconcretebasinsinordertoremovethefinersuspendedparticles.

Di i f ti Disinfection Thepurposeof disinfection inthetreatmentofwastewater is to substantially reduce the numberwateristosubstantiallyreducethenumberof microorganisms inthewatertobedischargedbackintotheenvironment.

OzoneCommonmethodsofdisinfectioninclude:

Ultraviolet light (UV)OzoneChlorine

Ultravioletlight(UV)SodiumHypochlorite.


WATERTREATMENTPROCESS


WELLSisanexcavationorstructurecreatedinthegroundbydigging,driving,boringordrillingtoaccess groundwater inunderground aquifers.Thewellwateris drawn byan electricsubmersiblepump,atrashpump,averticalturbinepump,a handpump ora mechanicalpumpp p, p p p p

GeneralTypesofWell

ShallowWell

DeepWell


TypesofWells(AccordingtoMethodofConstruction)Dug Wells are excavations with diameters large enough to accommodate one orDugWells areexcavationswithdiameterslargeenoughtoaccommodateoneor

moremenwithshovelsdiggingdowntobelowthe watertable.Theycanbelinedwith laidstones orbrick;extendingthisliningupwardsabovethegroundsurfaceintoawallaroundthewellservestoreducebothcontaminationandinjuriesbyfallingintothewell.Amoremodernmethodcalledcaissoning usesreinforcedconcreteorplainconcreteprecastwellringsthatareloweredintothehole.


TypesofWells(AccordingtoMethodofConstruction)Driven Wells may be very simply created in unconsolidated material with a "wellDrivenWells maybeverysimplycreatedinunconsolidatedmaterialwitha well

point",whichconsistsofahardeneddrivepointandascreen(perforatedpipe).Thepointissimplyhammeredintotheground,usuallywithatripodand"driver",withpipesectionsaddedasneeded.Adriverisaweightedpipethatslidesoverthepipebeingdrivenandisrepeatedlydroppedonit.When groundwater isencountered,thewelliswashedofsedimentandapumpinstalled.


TypesofWells(AccordingtoMethodofConstruction)Bored Wells These are dug with earth augers are usually less than 30 meters (100 ft)BoredWells Thesearedugwithearthaugersareusuallylessthan30meters(100ft)

deep.Thediameterrangesfrom2to30inches.Thewellislinedwithmetal,vitrifiedtileorconcrete.


TypesofWells(AccordingtoMethodofConstruction)Drilled Wells Drilled wells can be excavated by simple hand drilling methodsDrilledWells Drilledwellscanbeexcavatedbysimplehanddrillingmethods

(augering,sludging,jetting,driving,handpercussion)ormachinedrilling(rotary,percussion,downtheholehammer).Drilledwellscangetwaterfromamuchdeeperlevelthancandugwells oftenuptoseveralhundredmetres.


TypesofWells(AccordingtoMethodofConstruction)Jetted Wells This method makes use of a high velocity stream of water to excavateJettedWells Thismethodmakesuseofahighvelocitystreamofwatertoexcavate

theholeandtocarrytheexcavatedmaterialoutofthehole.Itthereforerequiressometypeofpump,eithermotororhandpowered,ofreasonablecapacity,aswellasasupplyofwater.Itispossibletoseparatethewaterandtheexcavatedmaterialinasettlingpoolortankandtoreusethewater,thusminimizingthequantityrequired.Sincethismethoddependsontheerosiveactionofwater,itisobviousthatextremelyhardmaterials cannot be penetratedmaterialscannotbepenetrated.


Pumps Isadeviceusedtomovefluids,suchasliquidsorslurries.Apumpdisplacesavolumebyphysicalormechanicalaction.

ReciprocatingPumpGeneralTypesofPump

CentrifugalPumpTurbinePumpSubmersiblePumpJet(Ejector)PumpPistonPumpSumpPump


Pumps

ReciprocatingPumpGeneralTypesofPump

arethosewhichcausethefluidtomoveusingoneormoreoscillatingpistons,plungersormembranes(diaphragms).


Pumps

CentrifugalPumpGeneralTypesofPump

isa rotodynamic pump thatusesarotating impeller toincreasethepressureofafluid.Centrifugalpumpsarecommonlyusedtomoveliquidsthroughpiping.


Pumps

TurbinePumpGeneralTypesofPump

Aturbinepumphasaverticalturbinelocatedbelowgroundwaterlevelsandadrivingmotorlocatedatground


Pumps

SubmersiblePumpGeneralTypesofWell

Isbasicallyacentrifugalpumpcompletewithelectricmotorswhicharepositionedunderwaterinasuitableboredholethatdeliversthewatertothesurface


Pumps

Jet(Ejector)PumpGeneralTypesofWell

Inthejetejectorpump,fluidpassesthroughaventuri nozzle(see venturi tube)anddevelopsa suction thatcausesasecondstreamoffluidtobeentrained


Pumps

GeneralTypesofPumpPistonPump isatypeof positivedisplacementpump wherethe

highpressuresealreciprocateswiththepiston.Piston pumpscanbeusedtomove liquids orcompress gases.


Pumps

GeneralTypesofPumpSumpPump areusedinapplicationswhereexcesswatermustp p

bepumpedawayfromaparticulararea. apumpusedtoremovewaterthathasaccumulatedinawatercollectingsumppit.


WaterStorageforDomesticUseO h d T k/ G it S l T kOverheadTank/GravitySupplyTank

Cistern

PneumaticWaterTankHotWaterTank


WaterStorageforDomesticUseO h d T k/ G it S l T kOverheadTank/GravitySupplyTank

Doesnothaveanypressureconcernsbutreliesongravitytosupplywatertofixturesbelow. Use in overhead feed systemUseinoverheadfeedsystem


WaterStorageforDomesticUseCisternCistern

isawaterproofreceptacleforholdingliquids,usuallywater.Oftencisternsarebuilttocatchandstorerainwater.Cisternsaredistinguishedfrom wells bytheirwaterproof linings. Modern cisterns range in capacity from a few litres towaterprooflinings.Moderncisternsrangeincapacityfromafewlitres tothousandsofcubicmetres,effectivelyformingcovered reservoirs.


WaterStorageforDomesticUsePneumatic Water TankPneumaticWaterTank

aretypicallyhorizontalpressurizedstoragetanks.Pressurizingthisreservoirofwatercreatesasurgefreedeliveryofstoredwaterintothedistributionsystem.


WaterStorageforDomesticUseH W T kHotWaterTankRangeBoiler

isanoldertypeofdomestichotwaterheaterwhich uses a separate hot water tank whichwhichusesaseparatehotwatertankwhichisconnectedtoaheatingboileraswellastodomestichotwaterpipinginthehome.Madeofgalvanizedsteelsheet,

StorageBoiler

copperorstainlesssteel.Standardworkingpressurelimitis85to150psi

Largehotwatertank(60130cmindiameter;5mmaxlength).Madeofheavydutymaterialsheetsappliedwithrustproofpaint.Standard

ki li it i 65 t 100 i

g

workingpressurelimitis65to100psi.


ValvesandControlisadevicethatregulatesthe flow ofa fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids,or slurries)by

i l i i ll b i i V lopening,closing,orpartiallyobstructingvariouspassageways.Valvesaretechnically pipe fittings,butareusuallydiscussedasaseparatecategory.Inanopenvalve,fluidflowsinadirectionfromhigherpressuretolowerpressure.

T f V lTypesofValvesGateValveGlobe Valve

InternationalStandardforValveISO InternationalStandardOrganizationASTM American Society for Testing andGlobeValve

CheckValveAngle Valve

ASTM AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterialsASME AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersAngleValve

FootValveSafety Valve

EngineersAPI AmericanPetroleumInstituteJIS JapaneseIndustrialStandardDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung (GermanSafetyValve g (InstituteforStandardization)PNS PhilippineNationalStandard


ValvesandControlTypes of ValvesTypesofValves

GateValveisa valve thatopensbyliftingaroundorrectangulargate/wedgeoutofthepathofthe fluid.Thedistinctfeatureofagatevalveisthesealingsurfacesbetweentheg ggateandseatsareplanar,sogatevalvesareoftenusedwhenastraightlineflowoffluidandminimumrestrictionisdesired.

WedgeType DoubleDiscValveGateValveSymbol



GlobeValve isatypeof valve usedforregulating flow ina pipeline,consistingofamovabledisktypeelementandastationaryringseatinagenerally spherical body.yp y g g y p y

Symbol

PlugTypeDiscValve ConventionalDiscValve CompositionDiscValve



CheckValve isa mechanicaldevice,a valve,whichnormallyallows fluid (liquid or gas)toflowthroughitinonlyonedirection.g y

Symbol

SwingCheckValve LiftCheckValve VerticalCheckValve HorizontalCheckValve



AngleValve Amanuallyoperatedvalvewithitsoutletopeningorientedatrightanglestoitsinletopening;usedforregulatingtheflowofafluidinapipe.p g; g g p p

Symbol



FootValve areatypeofcheckvalveandareplacedatthepump'swetwell.Unlikeothervalves,afootvalveiscreatedwithalargerflowareathantheactualpipesizeto, g p pmakesurethatthereislessheadloss.

Symbol



SafetyValve isa valve mechanismfortheautomaticreleaseofasubstancefroma boiler, pressurevessel,orother system whenthepressureortemperature, p , y p pexceedspresetlimits.

Symbol


TypesofFaucetCompression Cock Operates by the compression of a softCompressionCock Operatesbythecompressionofasoftpackinguponametalsheet.

KeyCock Operateswitharoundtaperingplugaroundtofitametalsheet.

BallFaucet Constructedwithaballconnectedtothehandle.

HoseBibb Awaterfaucetmadeforthethreadedattachmentofahose.


WaterDistributionSystem The water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting

i fitti t l l d ll t i dj t t th t tpipes, fittings, control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the structure or premises.

PartsofWaterDistributionSystemService Pipe Th i f th t i th f t bl t lServicePipe Thepipefromthewatermainorothersourceofpotablewatersupplytothewaterdistributionsystemofthebuildingserved.

WaterMeter Deviceusedtomeasureinlitersorgallonstheamountofwaterth t th h th t ithatpassesthroughthewaterservice.DistributionPipe/SupplyPipe Apipewithinthestructureoronthepremiseswhichconveyswaterfromthewaterservicepipeormetertothepointofutilization.

Riser A water supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey water toRiser Awatersupplypipethatextendsonefullstoryormoretoconveywatertobranchesortoagroupoffixtures.

FixtureBranch Thewatersupplypipebetweenthefixturesupplypipe&thewaterdistributing pipedistributingpipe.

FixtureSupply Awatersupplypipeconnectingthefixturewiththefixturebranch.


ColdWaterDistributionSystemTypes of Water DistributionTypesofWaterDistribution

Direct(Upfeed)

Indirect

Downfeed orGravitySystem

HydropneumaticSystem(AirPressureSystem)



Direct(Upfeed) Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from publicWaterisprovidedbythecitywatercompaniesusingnormalpressurefrompublicwatermain



Indirect

D f d G it S tDownfeed orGravitySystem Waterispumpedintoalargetankontopofthebuildingandisdistributedtothefixturesbymeansofgravity.



IndirectHydroPneumaticSystem/AirPressureSystem

Tanksthatusewaterandairunderpressurearereferredtoasahydropneumatictanks,orpressuretanks.Compressedairisusedinthesetanksasabufferorcushionthatallowsasurgefreedeliveryprocess.Therearethreefunctionsforhydropneumatic tanks The first is as part of a water delivery system set to deliverhydropneumatic tanks.Thefirstisaspartofawaterdeliverysystemsettodeliverwaterinapresetpressurerange.Thesecondusesthepressuresettingtomonitorapumpfromturningontoooften.Thethirdistobufferorlowerpressuresurges,muchlikeapowersurgeprotector.


ColdWaterDistributionSystemSystem Advantages Disadvantagesy g g

Upfeed System 1.Eliminatecost ofpumps&tanks 1.Pressurefromwatermainisinadequatetosupplytallbuildings.

2 Water supply is affected during peak load2.Water supplyisaffectedduringpeakloadhour.

AirPressureSystem

1.Withcompactpumpingunit 1.Watersupplyisaffectedbylossofpressure inside the tank in case ofSystem pressureinsidethetankincaseofpowerinterruption.

2.Sanitaryduetoairtightwaterchamberchamber.

3.Economical(smallerpipediameter)

4.Lessinitial construction&maintenancecost.


ColdWaterDistributionSystemSystem Advantages Disadvantagesy g g

AirPressureSystem

5.Oxygeninthecompressedairservesaspurifying agent.

6 Ad t bl Ai6.AdaptableAirpressure

7.AirPressureserves zoneofabout10storesintervals

OverheadFeed System

1.Waterisnotaffectedbypeakloadhour.

1.Water issubjecttocontamination

2 Not affected by power interruptions 2 High maintenance cost2.Notaffected bypowerinterruptions. 2.Highmaintenancecost

3.Timeneededtoreplacebrokenpartsdoesnotaffectwatersupply

3.Occupiesvaluablespace

4.Requiresstronger foundationandotherstructuretocarryadditionalloadoftankandwater.


HotWaterDistributionSystemTypes of Hot Water DistributionTypesofHotWaterDistribution

Upfeed andGravityReturnSystem

Downfeed andGravityReturnSystem

PumpCircuitSystem



Upfeed andGravityReturnSystemWith a continuing network of pipes toWithacontinuingnetworkofpipestoprovideconstantcirculationofwater.Hotwaterrisesonitsown&doesnotneed any pump for circulation.needanypumpforcirculation.HotwaterisimmediatelydrawnfromthefixtureanytimeProvidedeconomicalcirculatingreturngofunusedhotwater.Largerpipeisinstalledatthetopoftheriser&thediminishingsizespassesthroughthelowerfloorsofthebuilding



Downfeed andGravityReturnSystemHot water rises on to the highest pointHotwaterrisesontothehighestpointoftheplumbingsystemandtravelstothefixturesviagravity(closedpipesystem)Water distribution is dependentsystem)Waterdistributionisdependentontheexpansionofhotwater&gravity.Largerpipeisinstalledatthebottomoftheriser&thediminishingsizesgpassesthroughtheupperfloorsofthebuilding



PumpCircuitSystemFor a more efficient circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multiForamoreefficientcirculationofhotwatertotheupperfloorlevelsofmultistoreybuildings


MATERIALSAVAILABLEFORPLUMBINGINSTALLATIONGalvanizedIronorSteelPipes

It i d t f Mild St l d th h di d ld d t i tItismadeoutofaMildSteeldrawnthroughadieandweldedcastinto6.00mlong.However,steelpipeissubjecttodepositsofsaltsandlimewhichgraduallyaccumulateandeventuallychoketheflowofwater.Thistypeofpipeis corroded by alkaline and acid water That is why when used for hot wateriscorrodedbyalkalineandacidwater.Thatiswhywhenusedforhotwaterline,itdeterioratesfasterthancoldwatersupplypipe.

PlasticorSyntheticPipeRigid Type Flexible TypeRigidType FlexibleType

1.PolyvinylChloride(PVC) 1.Polyethylene(PE) Coilformat30m

2.ChlorinatedPolyvinylChloride(cPVC) 2.Polybutylene (PB)up to150mincoily y ( ) y y ( ) p

3.Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride(uPVC)

4.Polyprophylene (PP)

5.Acrylonitrile ButadieneStyrone (ABS)

6.StyreneRubberPlastic(SR)


MATERIALSAVAILABLEFORPLUMBINGINSTALLATIONCastIronPipe

This is durable and is conveniently installed in most of the plumbing needs in buildingThisisdurableandisconvenientlyinstalledinmostoftheplumbingneedsinbuildingwhicharelessthan25storeys highbecausewaterusuallyleaksatjointsduetovibrations.

AcidResistantCastIronPipeMade of an allo of cast iron and silicon It is commonl installed in chemical

pMadeofanalloyofcastironandsilicon.Itiscommonlyinstalledinchemicallaboratorieswhereacidwastearebeingdischarged

AsbestosPipeMadeofasbestosfibersandportland cement.Thethicknessistwicethatofstandardcastiron.Mostsuitedforembedmentonconcretestructures.

BituminousFiberSewerPipeCheapest,lightinweight,recommendedforhousesewerandseptictankinstallation.Itcould take slight soil movement without danger of cracking or pulling out of its jointcouldtakeslightsoilmovementwithoutdangerofcrackingorpullingoutofitsjoint.

VitrifiedClayPipeMadefromclayandwithalengthof0.75mtreatedwithglazedcompound.Thisishighlyresistanttomostacidsandiswellsuitedinundergroundinstallationsworkingg y es sta t to ost ac ds a d s e su ted u de g ou d sta at o s o geitheraspublicorhousesewer,orstormdrain


MATERIALSAVAILABLEFORPLUMBINGINSTALLATIONLeadPipep

Oneoftheoldestplumbingmaterials.Leadishighlyresistantandisverysuitabletoundergroundinstallation.Butbecauseitispoisonousandinjurioustohumanhealth,itisneverrecommendedtoconveywaterhumanconsumption.

Galvanized Wrought Iron PipesGalvanizedWroughtIronPipesThisisbetterthansteelpipesforplumbinginstallation,becauseitismoreresistanttoacidwastethanthesteelpipe

BrassPipepThemostexpensiveofalltypesofpipe.Madeofanalloyofzincandcoppermixedataproportionof15%and85%respectively.Thebrasspipeissuperiormaterialforwasteandwaterinstallationbecauseofitssmoothsurfaceasidefromitshighresistancetoacidsacids.

CopperPipesAdurablematerialwhichisextremelycorrosiveresistanteasiesttoinstall.

DrainageSystem

Drainage SystemDrainageSystem

BasicPrincipleGoverningtheNationalPlumbingCode All premisesintendedforhumanuseorhabitationshallbeprovidedwithasupplyofpureand

wholesomewater,neitherconnectedtounsafewatersupplynorsubjecttobackfloworbacksiphonage.

Plumbingfixtures,devicesandappurtenancesshallbesuppliedwithwaterinsufficientvolumeandpressure adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noisepressure adequatetofunctionsatisfactorilyandwithoutunduenoise.

Plumbingshallbedesignedandadjustedto usetheminimumquantityofwater consistentwithproperperformanceandcleaning.

Devicesforheatingandstoringwatershallbesodesignedandinstalledastopreventdangersfromexplosionthroughoverheating.

Everybuildingabuttingonastreet,alleyoreasement withapublicsewershall connectitsplumbingfixturestothesewersystem.

Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet one kitchen type sink a lavatory and a Eachfamilydwellingunit shallhave atleastonewatercloset, onekitchentypesink,alavatoryand abathtuborshower tomeetthebasicrequirementsofsanitationandpersonalhygiene.

Plumbingfixtures shallbemadeof smoothnonabsorbentmaterial,freefromconcealedfoulingsurfaces andshallbe locatedinventilatedenclosures.

The drainagesystem shallbedesigned,constructedandmaintainedtosafeguardagainstfouling,depositofsolids,cloggingandwithadequatecleanoutssoarrangedthatthepipesmaybereadilycleaned.


BasicPrincipleGoverningtheNationalPlumbingCode Allpiping shallbeof durableNAMPAPapprovedmaterials,freefromdefectiveworkmanship,

designedandconstructedbyRegisteredMasterPlumberstoensuresatisfactoryservice. Each fixturedirectlyconnectedtothedrainagesystem shallbeequippedwithawatersealedtrap The drainagepipespipingsystem shallbedesignedto provideadequatecirculationofairfreefrom

siphonage aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary usesiphonage,aspirationorforcingoftrapsealsunderordinaryuse. Ventterminalsshall extendtotheouterair andinstalledto preventcloggingandthereturnoffoul

air tothebuilding. Plumbingsystemsshallbesubjectedtosuch teststoeffectivelydiscloseallleaksanddefectsinthe

workmanship. Substancewhichwillclogthepipes,produceexplosivemixtures,destroythepipesortheirjointsor

interfereundulywiththesewagedisposalprocessshallnot beallowedtoenterthebuildingdrainage systemdrainagesystem.

Properprotectionshallbeprovidedto preventcontamination offood,water,sterilegoodsandsimilarmaterials bybackflowofsewage.Whennecessary,thefixture,deviceorapplianceshallbeconnectedindirectlywiththebuildingdrainagesystem.

Nowaterclosetshallbelocatedinaroomorcompartmentwhichisnotproperlylightedandventilated.


BasicPrincipleGoverningtheNationalPlumbingCode Ifthereisnosewersysteminthearea, suitableprovision shallbemade forthedisposalofbuilding

sewagebysomeacceptedmethodofsewagetreatmentanddisposal,suchasaseptictank. Wherea plumbingdrainagesystem maybe subjecttobackflowofsewage,suitableprovision shall

bemade topreventitsoverflowinthebuilding. Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers Plumbingsystemsshallbe maintainedinserviceableconditionbyRegisteredMasterPlumbers. Allplumbingfixtures shallbe installedproperlyspaced,tobe accessiblefortheirintendeduse. Plumbingshallbeinstalledwith dueregardtothepreservationofthestrengthofstructural

membersandthepreventionofdamagetowallsandothersurfacesthroughfixtureusage. Sewageorotherwastefromplumbingsystems, whichmaybedeleterioustosurfaceorsubsurface

waters shallnotbedischargedintothegroundorintoanywaterway,unlessfirstrenderedinnocuousthroughsubjectiontosomeacceptableformoftreatment.


SubsystemsoftheSanitarySystem Soil Drainage System SoilDrainageSystem WasteDrainageSystemorSanitaryDrainageSystem

StormDrainageSystem Vent System VentSystem


SubsystemsoftheSanitarySystem Soil Drainage System SoilDrainageSystem

Thepipingthatconveysthedischarge of water closets ordischargeofwaterclosetsorfixtureshavingsimilarfunctions(containingfecalmatter),withorwithout the discharges from otherwithoutthedischargesfromotherfixtures

SoilDrainageSystem


SubsystemsoftheSanitarySystem Waste Drainage System or Sanitary Drainage System WasteDrainageSystemorSanitaryDrainageSystem

Thepipingthatreceivestheliquiddischarge,fromplumbingfixturesotherthanthosefixtures(waterclosets)receivingfecalmatter.Thispipingisfreeoffecalflow.


SubsystemsoftheSanitarySystem Storm Drainage System StormDrainageSystem

Thepipingsystemthatreceivesclearwaterdrainagefromleaders,downspouts,surfacerunoff,groundwater,subsurfacewater,condensatewater,coolingwaterorothersimilardischargesandconveysthemtothepointofdisposal.Allsanitarywastesmustbeexcluded.


SubsystemsoftheSanitarySystem Vent System VentSystem

thepipingsystemthatreceivesafloworairtoorfromadrainagesystemortoprovideacirculationofairwithinsuchsystemtoprotecttrapsealsfromsiphonageorbackpressure.

VentSystem


GENERALREQUIREMENTSFORAPROPERLYDESIGNEDDRAINAGESYSTEM1 The piping must be air tight gas tight and water tight1. Thepipingmustbeairtight,gastightandwatertight.2. Eachplumbingfixture,exceptthosewithintegraltraps,shallbeseparatelytrappedbyan

approvedtypewatersealtrap.Thisistopreventodorladenandgermladentoriseoutofthedrainagesystemandcontaminatethesurroundingairintheroom.g y g

3. Eachplumbingfixturetrapshallbeprovidedwithventpipes.Thisistoprotectthedrainagesystemagainstsiphonage andbackpressureandtoassureaircirculationthroughoutthedrainagesystem.

4 A cleanout easily accessible shall be provided for inspection or cleaning of the pipe run4. Acleanout,easilyaccessible,shallbeprovidedforinspectionorcleaningofthepiperun.Thelocationofthecleanoutshallbe:

Attheupperendofeveryhorizontalwasteorsoilpipe. Ateverychangeofhorizontaldirectionofnotmorethan22.5degrees Within1.5m(5)insidethepropertylinebeforethehousesewerconnection Atevery15m(50)toahorizontalrunofasoilorwastepipe.

5. Allhorizontalpipingshallberuninpracticalalignmentandatauniformgradeofnotlessthan 2% or 2 cm per meter toward the point of disposalthan2%or2cmpermetertowardthepointofdisposal.


GENERALREQUIREMENTSFORAPROPERLYDESIGNEDDRAINAGESYSTEM6 All horizontal piping shall be supported and anchored at intervals not to exceed 3 meters6. Allhorizontalpipingshallbesupportedandanchoredatintervalsnottoexceed3meters.7. Verticalpipingshallbesecuredatsufficientlycloseintervalstokeepthepipein

alignment.Stacksshallbeproperlysupportedattheirbases.


DEFINITIONFROMNPC1999EDITIONHOUSE / BUILDING DRAIN part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing systemHOUSE/BUILDINGDRAIN partofthelowesthorizontalpipingofaplumbingsystem,whichreceivesthedischargesfromthesoil,wasteandotherdrainagepipesinsideofabuildingandconveysittothehouseseweroutsideofthebuilding

HOUSE / BUILDING SEWER e tends from the ho se drain at a point 0 60 metersHOUSE/BUILDINGSEWERextends fromthehousedrainatapoint0.60metersfromtheoutsidefaceofthefoundationwallofabuildingtothejunctionwiththestreetsewerortoanypointofdischarge,andconveyingthedrainageofonebuildingsite.Nohouse/buildingsewershallbesmallerthan150mmindiameter,norlessingsizethanthehouse/buildingdrain

WASTEPIPE conveysonlywastewaterorliquidwastefreeoffecalmatter

SOIL PIPE any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet urinal or fixturesSOILPIPE anypipewhichconveysthedischargeofwatercloset,urinalorfixtureshavingsimilarfunctions,withorwithoutthedischargesfromotherfixturestothebuildingdrainorbuildingsewer

SOIL STACK PIPE a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and waste waterSOILSTACKPIPE averticalsoilpipeconveyingfecalmatterandwastewater.VENTPIPE usedforensuringthecirculationofairinaplumbingsystemandforrelievingthenegativepressureexertedontrapseals


DEFINITIONFROMNPC1999EDITIONVENTSTACK theverticalventpipeinstalledprimarilyforprovidingcirculationofairtoandfromanypartofthesoil,wasteofthedrainagesystemSEPTICTANKA watertightcoveredreceptacledesignedandconstructedtoreceivethedischargeofsewagefromabuildingsewer,separatesolidsfromtheliquid,digestorganic matter and store digested solids the clarified liquids to discharge for finalorganicmatterandstoredigestedsolidstheclarifiedliquidstodischargeforfinaldisposal.PRIVATESEWAGEDISPOSALSYSTEM aseptictankwiththeeffluentdischargingintoasubsurfacedisposalfield,seepagepitsorofsuchotherfacilitiesormaybep , p g p ypermittedbytheplumbingcode.ROOFGUTTER thewatercollectorattheeavesofthebuildingDOWNSPOUT Averticalpipewhichconveysrainwater,alsoknownasconductor or rain waterconductororrainwaterSTORMDRAIN Receivesstormwater,clear,rainorsurfacewaterwaste(SD)CATCHBASIN Areceptacleinwhichliquidsareretainedforasufficientperiodoftimetoallowmaterialstosettletodeposit.TRAP Afittingordevicedesignedandconstructedtoprovide,whenproperlyvented,aliquidsealwhichpreventsthebackflowoffoulairormethanegaswithoutmateriallyaffectingtheflowofsewageorwastewaterthroughit


MATERIALSUSEDFORTHEPLUMBINGDRAINAGESYSTEM*Approved by National Plumbing CodeApprovedbyNationalPlumbingCode

ExcretaDrainagePiping1. Castiron2 Ductile iron2. Ductileiron3. Galvanizedsteel(shallnotbeusedunderground.Keptatleast152mmaboveground)4. Galvanizedwroughtiron (shallnotbeusedunderground.Keptatleast152mm5. aboveground)6. Lead7. Copper8. Brass9 Series 1000 PVC DMV9. Series1000,PVC,DMV10. Extrastrengthvitrifiedclaypipe (shallnotbeusedaboveground.Atleast300mmbelow

finishgroundlevel.)11. ApprovedmaterialhavingsmoothanduniformboreNOTE:ABSandPVCDWVcanbeusedinhighrisebuildingsatthediscretionoftheRMPandwiththefullconsentoftheowner.



DrainageFitting1. CastIron2 Malleable

VentPipes1. Castiron2 Ductile cast iron2. Malleable

3. Lead4. Brass5. Copper

2. Ductilecastiron3. Galvanizedsteel4. Galvanizedwroughtiron5. Lead

6. ABS(AcrylonitrileButadieneStyrene)7. PVC(Polyvinylchloride)8. Vitrifiedclay

6. Copper7. Brass8. Schedule40,ABS,DWV9 Series 1000 PVC DWV9. Series1000,PVC,DWV



VentStack1. Copper2 Cast iron

Downspout(Interior)1. Castiron2 Galvanized steel2. Castiron

3. Galvanizedwroughtiron4. PVC

2. Galvanizedsteel3. Iron4. Brass5. CopperVent Fittings 6. Lead7. Sched 40,ABS,DMV8. Series1000,PVC,DWV

VentFittings1. CastIron2. Galvanizedmalleableiron3 Galvanized steel Downspout (Medium Height Bldg)3. Galvanizedsteel4. Lead5. Copper6. Brass

Downspout(MediumHeightBldg)1. G.I.pipe,sch.302. CISP,S.W.3. Copper tube, type DWV

7. ABS8. PVC

3. Coppertube,typeDWV4. Sch.40,ABS,DWV5. Series1000,PVC,DWV


GRADESOFHORIZONTALPIPINGAll horizontal piping shall be run in practicalAllhorizontalpipingshallberuninpracticalalignmentandatauniformgradeofnotlessthantwo(2%)percentor20mmrisepermeterlength,andshallbesupportedoranchoredatintervalsnotexceeding3.0m(10feet).Allstacksshallbeproperlysupportedattheirbasesandallpipesshallbe rigidly secured Two inches (2) rise perberigidlysecured.Twoinches(2 )risepereveryonehundred(100) length.Asoilbranchhavingapitchofmorethan2%hasthetendencyofwasteseparation.Thewaterflowfasterandheavysuspendedmaterialsareleftanddepositedatthebottomofthepipe.


CHANGESINDIRECTIONAll changes in direction shall be made by the appropriate forty five degree (45)Allchangesindirectionshallbemadebytheappropriatefortyfivedegree(45)wyes,halfwyes,longsweepquarterbends,exceptthatsinglesanitaryteesmaybeusedonverticalstacks,andshortquarterbendsmaybeusedinsoilandwastelineswherethechangeindirectionofflowisfromthehorizontaltothevertical.Teesandcrossesmaybeusedinventpipes.

X


PROHIBITEDFITTINGSNo double hub double T branch shall be used on horizontal soil or waste line TheNodoublehub,doubleTbranchshallbeusedonhorizontalsoilorwasteline.Thedrillingandtappingofhousedrains,soilwasteorventpipesandtheuseofsaddlehubsandbendsareprohibited.

XX XXX X


TRAPSWHEREREQUIRED:E h l bi fi t t th ith i t l t h ll b Eachplumbingfixture,exceptthosewithintegraltraps,shallbeseparatelytrappedwithanapprovedtypewatersealtrap:

Onlyonetrapshallbepermittedonatraparm(portionofafixturedrainbetweenatrapandthevent)

Onetrap,centrallylocated,mayservethreesinglecompartment,sinksorlaundrytubsorlavatories,adjacenttoeachotherandinthe same room, where their waste outlets are not more than 0.75mthesameroom,wheretheirwasteoutletsarenotmorethan0.75mapart.


SIZEOFTRAPSTh t h ll b th i th t t hi h it i Thetrapshallbethesamesizeasthetraparmtowhichitisconnected.

Eachfixturetrapshallhaveatrapsealofwaterofnotlessthan51mmandnotmorethan102mm(exceptwhereadeepersealisfoundnecessarybytheAdministrativeAuthorityforspecialconditions.


INSTALLATIONOFTRAPSTh d l d l th f th t ( d f th t f Thedevelopedlengthofthetraparm(measuredfromthetopofclosetringtoinneredgeofvent)ofawaterclosetorsimilarfixtureshallnotexceed1.8m.

Fortraparm76mmdia orlarger,acleanoutisrequiredforachangeofdirectionofgreaterthan22.


TYPESOFPERMISSIBLETRAPSTheCommonPTrap

Usedforlavatories,kitchensinks,laundrytubs,&urinals Materials commonly used for the P trap: nickel chrome MaterialscommonlyusedforthePtrap:nickel,chromeplatedbrass,Galvanizedmalleablecopper,&PVC.


TYPESOFPERMISSIBLETRAPSTheDeepSealPTrap

WatersealisabouttwicethesizeofThecommonPtrap Used for extreme conditions because resealing quality is Usedforextremeconditionsbecauseresealingqualityis

greater


TYPESOFPERMISSIBLETRAPSTheStandTrap

Usedforfixturessuchasslopsinksthatareusuallybuiltlowintheground leaving very little space for a foundation & a trapground,leavingverylittlespaceforafoundation&atrap

Servesasawaterseal&structuralsupportforthefixture


TYPESOFPERMISSIBLETRAPSTheRunningTrap

Usedwithinthelineofthehousedrain


TYPESOFPERMISSIBLETRAPSTheDrumTrap

Hasalargediameter(around0.16m) Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water (bathtubs Usedforfixturesthatdischargelargeamountofwater(bathtubs,

showerorfloordrains)


INSTALLATIONOFTRAPSTh ti l di t b t fi t tl t t il i d th t Theverticaldistancebetweenafixtureoutlettailpieceandthetrapweirshallnotexceed0.60minlength.

Horizontal Distance of Trap ArmsHorizontalDistanceofTrapArms

TrapArmDiameter

DistancetoVent

32mm 0.76m

38mm 1.07m

51 1 5251mm 1.52m

76mm 1.83m

102mm > 3 05m

Note:Innocaseshallthetrapdistancebelessthan2timesthediameterofthetraparm.102mm > 3.05m


CLEANOUTSREQUIRED Attheupperterminalofeveryhorizontalsewerorwastelinepp y Ateachrunofpipingmorethan15meters(50feet)intotaldevelopedlengthatevery15m(50ft)oftotaldevelopedlengthorafraction thereoffractionthereof

Additionalcleanoutshallbeprovidedonahorizontallinewithanaggregateoffsetangleexceeding135

Inside the building near the connection between the building drain Insidethebuildingneartheconnectionbetweenthebuildingdrainandthebuildingsewerorinstalledoutsidethebuildingatthelowerendofthebuildingdrainandextendedtograde.

CLEANOUTSNOT REQUIRED Onahorizontaldrainlessthan1.5minlengthunlesssuchlineisserving sinks or urinalsservingsinksorurinals.

Onshorthorizontaldrainagepipeinstalledataslopeof72degorlessfromtheverticalline(oratanangleof1/5bend)


VENTILATIONVentPipe Apipeoropeningusedforensuringthecirculationofairina

plumbingsystemandforrelievingthenegativepressureexertedontrapseals.p

MainTypes1. Main Soil and Waste Vent 8. Looped Vent1. MainSoilandWasteVent2. MainVent3. IndividualVentorBackVent

8. LoopedVent9. WetVent10. LocalVent

4. Unit,Common,orDualVent5. ReliefVent6 Yoke or By Pass Vent

11. DryVent12. StackVent13 Vent Stack6. YokeorByPassVent

7. CircuitVent13. VentStack


MainSoilandWasteVent

thebackboneoftheentiresanitarysystem

Connected to the Main Soil & ConnectedtotheMainSoil&WasteStack

The portion where waste doesTheportionwherewastedoesnottravelthrough

Continuestotheroof;theportionpenetratingtheroofiscalledtheVentStackThroughRoof (VSTR)Roof(VSTR)


MainVent

theprincipalarteryoftheventingsystemtowhichventbranches are connectedbranchesareconnected.

A.K.A.CollectingVentLine serves as support to the MainservesassupporttotheMainSoil&WasteVent


IndividualVentorBackVent

apipeinstalledtoventafixturetrap,thatconnectswiththevent system above the fixtureventsystemabovethefixtureservedorterminatesintheopen air.openair.

Sizes:Lavatories drinking fountain : 11/2Lavatories,drinkingfountain :11/2Sink :11/2Shower,Laundry,Slop,Sink :1Water Closet : 3WaterCloset :3


Unit,CommonorDualVent

Anarrangementofventingsoinstalledthatoneventpipeserve two (2) trapsservetwo(2)traps


ReliefVent

averticalventlinethatprovidesadditionalcirculationofairbetween the drainage and ventbetweenthedrainageandventsystemsortoactasanauxiliaryvent on a specially designedventonaspeciallydesignedsystemsuchasayokeventconnectionbetweenthesoilandventstacks.


YokeorBypassVent

Apipeconnectingupwardfromasoilorwastestackbelowthefloor and below horizontalfloorandbelowhorizontalconnectiontoanadjacentventstack at a point above the floorstackatapointabovethefloorandhigherthanthehighestspillleveloffixturesforpreventingpressurechangesinthestacks.


CircuitVent agroupventpipewhichstartsinfrontoftheextreme(highest)fixtureconnectiononahori ontal branch and connectshorizontalbranchandconnectstotheventstack.

a.k.a. Loop Venta.k.a. LoopVent Servesabatteryoffixtures

Numberofwatercloset Diameterofcircuitinstalledinaseries vent

2 50mm(2)

3 to 6 75mm (3)3to6 75mm(3 )

7ormore 100mm(4)


LoopedVent

averticalventconnectiononahorizontalsoilorwastepipebranch at a point downstream ofbranchatapointdownstreamofthelastfixtureconnectionandturning to a horizontal lineturningtoahorizontallineabovethehighestoverflowlevelofthehighestfixtureconnectedthere

Usedinspaceswithoutpartitions


WetVent

Thatportionofaventpipethroughwhichwastewateralsoflows throughflowsthrough.


LocalVent a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbingapipeorshafttoconveyfoulairfromaplumbingfixtureoraroomtotheouterair.

D V tDryVent aventthatdoesnotcarryliquidorwaterbornewastes.

VentStacktheverticalventpipeinstalledprimarilyforprovidingcirculationf i t d f t f th il t f th d iofairtoandfromanypartofthesoil,wasteofthedrainage

system.Theuppermostendabovetheroofhastraditionallybeen referred to as Vent Stack Through Roof (VSTR).beenreferredtoasVentStackThroughRoof(VSTR).


VENTSREQUIREDEachtrapshallbeprotectedagainstsiphonage andbackpressurethroughventing.

VENTSNOTREQUIRED On a primary settling tank interceptor which dischargesOnaprimarysettlingtankinterceptorwhichdischarges

throughahorizontalindirectwastepipeintoasecondaryinterceptor.Thesecondaryinterceptorshallbeproperlytrappedandvented.

Trapsservingsinksinanislandbarcounter.Suchsinkshalldischarge by means of an approved indirect waste pipe into adischargebymeansofanapprovedindirectwastepipeintoafloorsinkorotherapprovedtypereceptor.


SANITARYSYSTEMPROBLEMSTrap Seal LossTrapSealLoss

1.DirectSiphonage orSelfSiphonage occursinunventedtrapsthatserveovalbottomfixturessuchaslavatories.Suchfixturesdischargetheircontentsrapidlyanddonothavethefinalsmalltrickleofwaterneededtoresealthetrap.Whentheplugiswithdrawn,thewaterflowsoutfastandcompletelyfillsthewastepipe.Thewaterdisplacestheairthatnormallyfillsthewastepipe,loweringtheatmosphericpressureonthedischargesideofthetrap.Atmosphericpressureonthefixturesideforcesthewaterthroughthetrap,andthesealislost.g p,



2.IndirectorMomentumSiphonage causedbyalargedischargeofwaterfromafixtureinstalledoneormorefloorsabovetheaffectedfixture.Thislargedischargetendstoformasluginthestack;andasthisslugpassesthetakeoffofthefixturebelowit,airispulledoutofthewastelineonthelowerfixture.Thisreducesthepressureonthedischargesideofthetrap.Thereisnoresealuntilthereisadischargefromthelowerfixture.



3.BackPressure.Backpressurewithinasanitarydrainagesystemiscausedbysimultaneousfixtureusethatovertaxestheplumbingsystem,causingapositivepressurethataffectsthewatersealofatrap.Alargeflowmaycompletelyfillthepipe,causingthecompressedatmosphericgasestoofferresistancebecausetheycannotslippasttheflowofthewaterandexhaustataroofterminal.Asthewaterfalls,thepressureincreasesandcompressestheair,andthetrapsealblowsoutofthefixture.p



4.CapillaryAction Lossoftrapsealbycapillaryactioniscausedbyaforeignobjectlodgedinthetrap.Theobjectactsasawickandcarriesthewaterfromthetrapovertheoutletsideintothewastepipeuntilthesealisineffective.Rags,string,lint,andhaircommonlycausethisproblem.



5.Evaporation.Lossoftrapsealfromevaporationonlyoccurswhenafixtureisnotusedforalongtime.Therateofevaporationinatrapdependsonthehumidityandtemperatureoftheatmosphere.Atrapinawarm,dryplacewilllosewatersealbyevaporationmorerapidlythanoneinacool,dampplace.Ventilationdoesnotsolvetheproblem.Theuseofadeepsealtrapisthebestsolution.Onedisadvantageisthatsolidwastescollectinthebottomofthetrapandclogthepipeg p p


SepticTankAwatertightcoveredreceptacledesignedandconstructedtoreceivethedischargeofsewagefromabuildingsewer,separatesolidsfromtheliquid,digestorganicmatterandstoredigestedsolidsthroughaperiodofdetention,andallowtheclarifiedliquidstodischargefor

Sludge

p , q gfinaldisposal

gsolidorganicmatterthataredenserthanwaterandsettleatthebottomoftheseptictank

ScumScumlighterorganicmaterialthatrisetothesurfaceofthewater

EffluentEffluentliquidcontentofsewage


SepticTank

Minimum Dimensions:MinimumDimensions:

Length(L) :1500mmWidth (W) 900Width(W) :900mmDepth(D) :1200mm


SepticTankCompartment

Firstcompartment:not lessthan2/3capacityofthetotalcapacityoftank;notlessthan2cumliquidcapacity;shallbeat least 0 9 m width and 1 5 m long Liquid depth not less

Compartment

atleast0.9mwidthand1.5mlong;Liquiddepthnotlessthan0.6mnormorethan1.8m.

Secondarycompartment:maximumcapacityof1/3totalcapacityoftank;minimumof1cumliquidcapacity Inseptictankshavingover6cumcapacity,thesecondarycompartment should be not less than 1.5 m in length.compartmentshouldbenotlessthan1.5minlength. maintainaslopeof1:10atthebottomofthedigestionchambertocollectthesludgeandmakeiteasilyaccessiblefrom the manholefromthemanhole


SepticTankManholes

withatleasttwo(2)manholes,508mminmindimension;oneoverinlet,otheroveroutlet.Whereverfirstcompartment exceeds 3 7 m in length an additional

Manholes

compartmentexceeds3.7minlength,anadditionalmanholerequiredoverthebafflewall.

Sizesofpipeinlet&outlet&theirverticallegs InletandOutletpipes diametersizenotlessthanthesewerpipeVertical legs of inlet and outlet pipes diameter size not

p p g

Verticallegsofinletandoutletpipes diametersizenotlessthanthesewerpipenorlessthan104.6mm.


SepticTankLength and location of inlet & outlet

Shallextend101.6mmaboveandatleast304.8mmbelowthewatersurfaceInvert of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than 50 8 mm

Lengthandlocationofinlet&outlet

Invertoftheinletpipeshallbeatalevelnotlessthan50.8mmabovetheinvertoftheoutletpipe.

Airspace Sidewallsshallextend228.6mmaboveliquiddepth. Coverofseptictankshallbeatleast50.8mmabovethebackventopenings

Aninvertedfittingequivalentinsizetothetankinlet,butinnocaselessthan 104 6 mm in diameter shall be installed in the inlet compartment

Partition(betweencompartments)

than104.6mmindiameter,shallbeinstalledintheinletcompartmentsideofthebafflewiththebottomofthefittingplacedmidwayinthedepthoftheliquid.Woodenbafflesareprohibited.


SepticTankStructure

Shallbecapableofsupportinganearthloadofnotlessthan14.4kPaStructure

CapacityThecapacityofseptictanksisdeterminedbythenumberofbedroomsorapartmentunitsindwellingoccupancies;bytheestimatedwaste/sewagedesignflowrateforvariousbuildingoccupancies;orby/ g g g p ; ythenumberoffixtureunitsofallplumbingfixtures;whicheverisgreater.Thecapacityofanyoneseptictankanditsdrainagesystemshallalsobelimited by the soil structure classification in its drainage fieldlimitedbythesoilstructureclassificationinitsdrainagefield.

Shouldnotbelocatedunderneaththehousel f h d b

Location

Atleast15metersfromthewaterdistributionsystem


SepticTankSuggested SizeSuggested Size

NumberofPerson Served Depth Width Length

10 1.20 0.90 1.80

15 1.20 1.10 2.20

20 1.20 1.25 2.50

25 1.20 1.40 2.80

30 1.30 1.50 3.00

35 1 30 1 60 3 2035 1.30 1.60 3.20

40 1.40 1.65 3.30

45 1.40 1.75 3.5045 1.40 1.75 3.50

50 1.50 1.80 3.60


SepticTankSuggested SizeSuggested Size

NumberofPerson Served Depth Width Length

60 1.50 1.95 3.90

70 1.50 2.00 4.00

80 1.60 2.20 4.40

90 1.80 2.30 4.60

100 1.80 2.50 5.00


SepticTankTechnical Data in Determining Volume of TankTechnical Data in Determining Volume of Tank

1. Min.Width:0.90m2. MinLength:1.50m3 Min Depth: 1 20m3. MinDepth:1.20m4. ForResidential:allocate0.14to0.17cumofliquidperperson5. ForSchoolandindustrialestablishment:Volumeshouldnotbe

l h hlessthan0.057cumnormorethan0.086cumperperson

Plumbing Fixtures

Plumbing FixturesPlumbing Fixtures

Fixtures receptaclesattachedtoaplumbingsystemotherthanatrapinwhichwaterorwastemaybecollectedorretainedforultimatedischargeintotheplumbingsystem.

f l b f d dCommontypesofplumbingfixturesusedinresidences

1.Watercloset2.Lavatory3.Kitchensink4 U i l4.Urinal5.Bidet6. Bath tub6.Bathtub


WaterClosetAplumbingfixtureusedtoreceivehumanexcrementalandtodischargeitthroughawastepipe,usingwaterasaconveyingmedium.Waterclosetsareclassifiedaccordingto design,make,flushingmechanism,shapeandinstallation., p

TypesofWaterClosetastoDesign1.Siphonwashdownp2.Siphonjet3.SiphonVortex4.Reversetrap


WaterCloset

Fixture DFU Vent Soil pipe

PrivateUse 4 76mm(3) 100mm (4)

PublicUse 6 76mm(3) 100mm (4)

Fixture WSFU Water SupplyPipe

Flush Tank Private 3 12mm(1/2)

l h k bl ( / )Flush Tank Public 5 12mm(1/2)

FlushValve Private 6 25mm (1)

Flush Valve Public 10 25mm (1)FlushValve Public 10 25mm (1 )


SiphonwashdownTheleastexpensivebutthenoisiest;onlysmallamountofstandingwatersusceptibletofouling,stainingandcontamination.Itismechanicallysatisfactoryandislowerinprice.Hence,itiswidelyusedandentirelyacceptablewherepriceisthemainconsideration.y p p


SiphonJetThejetbeingsubmergedintroducesitswaterunderwatersothatitsoperationisentirelymuffled.Ithasalargeamountofstandingwatertopreventfouling.Itismechanicallyefficientbutexpensive.


SiphonVortexthistypeofbowldevelopsitsflushingactionthroughthewaterenteringthroughdiagonalholesaroundtherimwhichcreatesaswirlingactionwhichformsavortexinthecenter.Itisconsideredtobethemostquiet,mostefficientandmostsanitarywatercloset.q , y


ReverseTrapthetrapwaylocatedattherearofthewatercloseteliminatedthebulgeatthefront.Thedesignandappearanceofthebowlplusitslargewaterareaandquietnessinoperation,makeitdesirablethansiphonwashdown.


TypesofWaterClosetastoMake1 One Piece1. OnePiece2. CloseCoupled3. Pail flush3. Pailflush4. SquatBowl


OnePieceThewaterclosetfixtureismanufacturedwiththebowlandtheflushtankmoldedintoasingleunit.Usuallyusedintandemwiththebidet.


PailFlushawaterclosetcomprisingonlyofabowlwithoutaflushtank.Flushingactionisobtainedonlythroughwaterpouredfromapailorbucket.Thisisusedinareaswhererunningwatersystemsarenotavailable.


SquatBowlAwaterclosetthatisotherwiseknownasEasterntypesincetheuserassumesasquattingpositionratherthanasittingposition


TypesofWaterClosetastoFlushingMechanismFlush TankFlushTankholdsasupplyofwaterforflushingafixturesuchasthewatercloset.Ithasa

i f llcapacityof5to6gallons

FlushValve(Flushometer)holdsasupplyofwaterforflushingafixture such as the water closet It has afixturesuchasthewatercloset.Ithasacapacityof5to6gallons


TypesofWaterClosetastoShapeRound FrontRoundFrontintendedforinstallationonalimitedspace

ElongatedFrontismorecomfortablebutoccupiesallargerspace


TypesofWaterClosetastoInstallationFree Standing (Floor Mounted)FreeStanding(FloorMounted)

WallHung(WallMounted)


MinimumWaterClosetClearances


Lavatoryafixturedesignedforthewashingofthehandsorface.Itisalsoknownaswashbasin.

TypesofLavatory1. Wallhung2. Pedestal3 C t T L t O C t U d C t3. CounterTypeLavatory OverCounterorUnderCounter4. SurfaceMountedLavatory5 One Piece Lavatory5. OnePieceLavatory


Lavatory


Sets 2 38mm(11/2) 38mm(11/2)

Single 1 38mm(11/2) 38mm(11/2)


Private 1 12mm(1/2)

bl ( / )Public 2 12mm(1/2)


TypesofLavatoryWall Hung LavatoryWallHungLavatory


TypesofLavatoryPedestal LavatoryPedestalLavatory


TypesofLavatoryCounter Type LavatoryCounterTypeLavatory

Undercounter Overcounter


TypesofLavatorySurface Mounted LavatorySurfaceMountedLavatory


MinimumLavatoryClearance


Bidetaplumbingfixtureusedforwashingthemiddlepartofthebody,especiallythegenitals.ItisalsoknownastheSitz Bath


Bidet


Bidet 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)


Private 2 12mm(1/2)

Public 4 12mm(1/2)


Bathtubatubeforbathing,usuallyafixedplumbinginstallationdesignedforoneperson.Itisavailableinleftoutletandrightoutlet

Requirements for whirlpool bathtubsbathtubs

1. Provideremovableaccesspaneltothepump.p p

2. Locatethecirculationpumpabovethecrownweirofthetrap.

3. Thepumpandthecirculationpipingshallbeselfdrainingtominimizewaterretention.

4. Suctionfittingsonwhirlpoolbathtubsshallcomplywiththelistedstandards


Bathtub


Bathtub 2 38mm(11/2) 38mm(11/2)


Private 2 12mm(1/2)

bl ( / )Public 4 12mm(1/2)


UrinalAsanitaryfixtureequippedwithawatersupplyanddrainforflushingawayurine

TypesofUrinal1. WallhungUrinal2. PedestalUrinal3 St ll U i l3. StallUrinal4. ThroughUrinal


Urinal


Wall Mounted 6 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Stall 6 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

TrapArm 3 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)


WallMounted 5 19mm(3/4)

Stall 5 19mm(3/4)


WallHungUrinal


PedestalUrinal


StallUrinal


ThroughUrinal


MinimumUrinalClearance


OtherFixtureUnitsSinksSinks


KitchenSink(residential) 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Bar Sink(commercial) 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Si k (C i l 3 38 (1 1/2) 51 (2)Sink (Commercial,industrial,Institutional)

3 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Sink(clinic)FlushingRim 6 38mm(11/2) 76mm(3)

SlopSink 3 38mm(11/2) 51mm (2)

LaundryTub 2 38mm(11/2) 38mm(11/2)


OtherFixtureUnitsSinksSinks


Kit h Si k 4 12 (1/2)KitchenSink 4 12mm (1/2)

ScullerySink 4 19mm(3/4)

Slop Sink 10 12mm (1/2)SlopSink 10 12mm (1/2 )

LaundryTub 4 12mm (1/2)

BarSink 2 12mm (1/2)


OtherFixtureUnitsDrinking FountainDrinkingFountain


Private 1 32mm(11/4) 32mm(11/4)

Public 1 32mm(11/4) 32mm(11/4)


P i t 1 ( h f t) 12 (1/2)Private 1(eachfaucet) 12mm (1/2)

Public 2(eachfaucet) 12mm (1/2)


OtherFixtureUnitsShower BathShowerBath


Private 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Public 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)


P i t 2 ( h h d) 12 (1/2)Private 2(eachhead) 12mm (1/2)

Public 4(eachhead) 12mm (1/2)


OtherFixtureUnitsFloor DrainFloorDrain


Private 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

Public 2 38mm(11/2) 51mm(2)

HoseBibb


Private 3 12mm (1/2)

Public 5 12mm (1/2)

StormWaterSystem

Storm Water SystemStormWaterSystem

StormDrainThisistheportionoftheplumbingsystemwhichconveysrainorstormwatertoasuitableterminal.Thisisusuallydischargedintoastreetgutterconveyedbyapublicdrainsystemandcarriedtosomenaturaldrainageterminalsuchaslakesorrivers.g

SizeofStormDrainThefollowingfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhendeterminingthesizeof the storm drain:1.Gaugingtherainfall,constant,shortdurationorheavyshower

ofthestormdrain:

2.Thevaryingroofareaanditsslopeincludingthedistanceofwaterl b f i h h d d f h ftravelbeforeitreachestheconductorsordownspoutsoftheroof

3.Waterdrainisfasteronhigherpitchedroofshence,requiresalargerdrainagepipethanthatofaflatroof4 Th h i h f h b ildi ib h hi h l i f i4.Theheightofthebuildingcontributestothehighvelocityofwaterintheverticalconductorandacceleratetheflowofwaterenteringthestormdrain.


SizeofStormDrainThefollowingfactorsshouldbeconsideredwhendeterminingthesize

5.Shortoffsetsandindiscriminateuseoffittingsaffecttheflowofwater

g gofthestormdrain:

water.


SizeofStormDrainPipe Diameter Maximum obtained roof area (sqm)Pipe Diameter Maximum obtainedroofarea(sqm)

(mm) (in) 2%slope 3%Slope 4%Slope

75 3 114 142 170

100 4 242 315 388

125 5 438 566 694

150 6 700 903 1105

1888 2313

200 8 1463 3309 4055200 8 1463 3309 4055

250 10 2563 5290 6480

300 12 4100

350 14 5576 7203 8830


SizeofRoofLeaderA f R f G tt T D t R fAreaofRoof

(sqm)GutterTopDimension

(mm)

Downspout orRoofLeaderDiameter

(mm)

1 to10 75 38

11to25 100 50

26 to 75 100 7526to75 100 75

76to165 125 90

166to335 150 100

336to510 200 125

511to900 250 150

Documents

Plumbing & Sanitary System Flea 2012