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8/3/2019 PNBOA 2011 Evaluations Manual FINAL
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 1
2011 ‐ 2012 TRAINING &
EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Pacific Northwest Basketball
Officials Association
www.pnboa.org
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Evaluations Overview & Goals ......................................................................................................... 3
Purpose and Goals ...................................................................................................................... 3
NFHS Rule Revisions & Points of Emphasis ................................................................................. 3
Deadline Dates & Penalties ......................................................................................................... 4
Letter of Concern ........................................................................................................................ 5
Registered Officials Guidelines ........................................................................................................ 5
Registered Officials Responsibilities ........................................................................................... 6
Procedure Standards ................................................................................................................... 6
Varsity Officials Guidelines .............................................................................................................. 6
Varsity Officials Responsibilities.................................................................................................. 7
Procedure Standards ................................................................................................................... 7
Evaluator Guidelines
........................................................................................................................
8
Paid Varsity Evaluator Guidelines ............................................................................................... 8
Registered Officials’ Evaluator Guidelines .................................................................................. 9
Paid Evaluator Staff Exception (Ding List) ................................................................................. 10
Standardized Scoring Deductions .................................................................................................. 11
Automatic Scoring Deductions: ................................................................................................. 11
Promotions & Reassignments ....................................................................................................... 12
List Movement (10% POLICY) .................................................................................................... 12
Protected Status
........................................................................................................................
12
Failure to comply ...................................................................................................................... 12
Training Academy “Camp” Requirements ................................................................................ 12
Evaluation Form ............................................................................................................................ 13
Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................................ 14
Entering Evaluation Scores ........................................................................................................ 14
Apprentice Evaluations ............................................................................................................. 14
Summary of Changes ..................................................................................................................... 15
2011‐2012 Independent Paid Evaluator Staff ............................................................................... 16
2011‐2012 Evaluation Form .......................................................................................................... 17
Scoring Box Range Definitions ....................................................................................................... 18
Officiating & Evaluation Form Definitions ..................................................................................... 19
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 3
EVALUA TIONS OVERVIEW & GOALS Purpose and Goals
This document is maintained by the Evaluations Chairperson and administered with the
authority of the Board of Directors. Our evaluations system is designed to evaluate both
our Varsity and Registered Officials. Each year, Paid Evaluators evaluate our Varsity
members and our Varsity members evaluate the Registered members. These
evaluations serve several purposes:
Improve the quality of our officials, and support professional growth and
development
Provide constructive feedback for officials
Provide a ranked Varsity List
Provide a ranked Registered List
NFHS Rule Revisions & Points of Emphasis
Each year the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) updates
rules and provides points of emphasis (POE) for the season. It is imperative that all
Officials and Evaluators understand and adhere to these revisions and POEs.
The 2011‐2012 Basketball Rules Changes, Major Editorial Changes, and Points of
Emphasis are included at the end of this Manual. You can also download copies at
www.pnboa.org in our “Resources / Files” section:
NFHS Rules Changes 2011‐2012
NFHS Comments
on
the
Rules
Changes
and
Points
of
Emphasis
2011
‐2012
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 4
Deadline Dates & Penalties
DATE DESCRIPTION REQUIREMENT
or
NOTIFICATION
PENALTY (IF
APPLICABLE)
APPLICABLE TO
OCT 1 Requests for LOA must be
submitted and
online
MSA
must
be accepted.
Requirement Will move to the
bottom of
your
respective list/placed
on LOA.
Varsity
& Registered
NOV 23 Varsity Officials must declare
conflicts & “ding list” via email to
Assignor
Requirement 1. Failure to submit
exceptions = no dings
2. Failure to submit
conflicts = review by
Ethics Committee
Varsity
NOV 28 Evaluations begin & Final Ranked
Lists published Dec. 2
Notification Varsity
& Registered
JAN 15 Officials notify Assignor and
Evaluations chair
via
if they
have not yet received at least 3
(varsity) or 5 (registered)
evaluations by this date.
Notification Varsity
& Registered
FEB 28 All scores to be posted by both
Paid Evaluators and Varsity
Officials. System will lock out @
midnight on this date.
Requirement Failure to enter scores
by Feb 28th = 1 pt
deduction after
interpolation.
Paid Evaluators
& Varsity
MAR 1 Last date to submit score
verification electronically.
All pink copies of Evaluation sheet
must be sent to the Evaluation
Trainer, post
marked
by
March
1.
Requirement
(Change from
2011)
Failure to submit
electronic score
verification by March
1st = 1 pt deduction
after interpolation.
Paid Evaluators
& Varsity
MAR 1 Varsity officials have completed
evaluations of at least 60% of their
observable games
Requirement Failure to meet the
requirement = 1 pt
deduction after
interpolation.
Varsity
APR 1 Evaluation scores, preliminary
interpolations, and Interpolated
end of the season scores mailed to
officials.
Notification Varsity
& Registered
MAY 1 Final interpolations, Final overall
scores, and preliminary lists posted
on line for officials.
Notification Varsity
Registered
MAY 15 Promotion and Re‐assignments
letter mailed to officials.
Notification Varsity
& Registered
JUN 30 Final end of the season ranked lists
after promotions and re‐
assignments posted online.
Notification Varsity
& Registered
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 5
Letter of Concern
Scores may NOT be appealed.
If an
unusual
or
special
circumstance
occurs,
the
incident
may
be
addressed
by
emailing
a Letter of Concern to the Evaluations Chair and Assignor within three (3) days of the
incident. The Evaluations Chair may authorize the Assignor to schedule an additional
evaluation. The Evaluations Committee will make a recommendation to the Board of
Directors on the validity of the Letter of Concern. The Board will make the final decision
on if the evaluation will be voided for the game during which the incident occurred. If
your concern is rejected, the decision of the Board of Directors will be final.
Varsity Officials who are observed by a Paid Staff member who was a declared
“exception” will be given another evaluation. A Letter of Concern must be emailed
within three
(3)
calendar
days
of
being
observed
by
a declared
exception.
Officials should use the Letter of Concern to notify the Association if:
Evaluator fails to complete/provide a written evaluation
Scoring range box is NOT checked
Discrepancies occur (i.e. number of evaluation sheets do not match the number
of scores)
A conflict or argument occurs with the evaluator
Letters of concern shall be completed via email to the Evaluations Chair and the
Assignor via email.
REGISTERED OFFICIAL S GUIDELINES
“Evaluators” for the purposes of this section are Varsity Officials, whom have the
responsibility to observe the Officials working the JV game, which precedes their
assigned Varsity game. “Officials” for the purposes of this section are the “Registered
Officials,” whom are being evaluated on JV games.
We want to provide our Registered Officials with evaluations that have constructive
comments, which will enhance the Officials ability to referee. The numeric score given
should justify written and verbal evaluations. The scores provided by the Evaluators will
be used to create a ranked list of the Officials. Each season the 10% lowest ranked
Varsity Officials are reassigned to the Registered List. The number of vacancies created
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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by this reassignment, leaves of absence (LOA), and retirements/resignations will be
filled via the top of the Ranked Registered List.
Registered Officials Responsibilities
1) Provide Assignor availability to work via Arbiter Sports.com.
2) Maintain a positive learning attitude throughout the season and act within the
guidelines, code of ethics, and professional expectations of all PNBOA members.
3) Work at least twelve (12) JV games.
4) Receive at least eight (8) evaluations to obtain an interpolated score average used to
position officials on the Registered list. Those not receiving 7 scores or less will be
listed alphabetically at the end of the list.
5) Report discrepancies
or
lack
of
evaluations
(less
than
five
(5)
by
Jan
15th)
received
via a Letter of Concern to The Evaluations Chairperson and Assignor.
6) Be available during post game with Varsity Officials to review evaluation. It is also
recommended to stay and observe Varsity Officials for at least one quarter if not a
complete half.
Procedure Standards
1) Only the highest eight (8) scores by different Varsity Officials will be calculated
towards a Registered Officials final ranking.
2) For Registered Officials that have 25 or more evaluations during the course of the
season, only the first 25 scores chronologically will be counted and interpolated. All
other evaluations after number 25 will be dropped.
3) Follow Deadline Dates & Penalties, as listed in section 1.3.
4) It is the intent of the PNBOA to help ALL Officials improve. Officials may not “opt‐
out” of the evaluations process.
VARSITY OFFICIALS GUIDELINES
“Evaluators” for the purposes of this section are Paid Evaluators, whom have the
responsibility to observe the Officials working the Varsity game. “Officials” for the
purposes of this section are the “Varsity Officials,” whom are being evaluated on Varsity
games.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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We want to provide our Varsity Officials with evaluations that have constructive
comments, which will enhance the Officials ability to referee. The numeric score given
should justify written and verbal evaluations. The scores provided by the Evaluators will
be used to create a ranked list of the Officials. Each season the 10% lowest ranked
Varsity Officials are reassigned to the Registered List. The number of vacancies created
by this
reassignment,
leaves
of
absence
(LOA),
and
retirements/resignations
will
be
filed
via the top of the Ranked Registered List.
Varsity Officials Responsibilities
1) Provide availability to work via ArbtierSports.com.
2) Maintain a positive learning attitude throughout the season and act within the
guidelines, code of ethics, and professional expectations of all PNBOA members.
3) Work at least twelve (12) Varsity games.
4) Receive at least five (5) evaluations from different paid evaluators. Only the first five
(5) scores by different evaluators (chronological order) will be used in calculation of
your score. Any additional evaluations received will be for training and
informational use only.
5) Report discrepancies or lack of evaluations (less than three (3) by Jan 15th) received
via a Letter of Concern to the Evaluations Chairperson and Assignor.
6) Be available during post game with Paid Evaluators to review evaluation.
Procedure Standards
1) The highest four (4) scores after interpolation will be calculated towards a Varsity
Officials final ranking.
2) If you only receive four (4) evaluations, all evaluations will be used in calculation of
your score. No evaluation will be dropped.
3) The lowest interpolated score will be automatically dropped. We do not provide for
appeals, due
to
the
fact
the
lowest
score
is
always
dropped.
4) Follow Deadline Dates & Penalties, as listed in section 1.3.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 8
EVALUA TOR GUIDELINES
Paid Varsity Evaluator Guidelines
1) Arrive at the game site in ample time to be prepared to observe the officials.
2) Use the PNBOA sanctioned evaluation form for each official.
3) During the course of the game, document comments, diagrams, feedback on the
evaluation form in legible fashion.
4) Do not score the evaluation sheet at the time the evaluation is given to each official.
5) Initiate dialogue with each official, about his or her performance on an individual as
well as a crew basis.
6) Check the
“scoring
range”
box(es)
that
best
describes
each
official’s
performance
during the game. Evaluators may check two boxes (must be adjacent) if official’s
performance borders on either box.
7) Provide the official with the top “white” copy of the evaluation form.
8) Retain the bottom “yellow” copy for your records.
9) Send the “pink” copy to the Evaluations trainer for review.
10) Score
evaluations
by
providing
a
number
that
corresponds
to
the
correct
scoring
range you identified during the evaluation meeting. Do not change the scoring
range section later. You may score with any number in that range (please use all
whole numbers).
11) Upon coordination with Evaluations Chairperson, enter evaluation scores into the
PNBOA’s designated website.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 9
Registered Officials’ Evaluator Guidelines
1) Arrive at the game site in ample time to be prepared to observe the officials.
2) Use the PNBOA sanctioned evaluation form for each official.
3) During the course of the game, document comments, diagrams, feedback on the
evaluation form in legible fashion.
4) Do not score the evaluation sheet at the time the evaluation is given to each official.
5) Initiate dialogue with each official, about his or her performance on an individual as
well as a crew basis.
6) Check the “scoring range” box(es) that best describes each official’s performance
during the game. Evaluators may check two boxes (must be adjacent) if official’s
performance borders on either box.
7) Provide the official with the top “white” copy of the evaluation form.
8) Retain the bottom “yellow” copy for your records.
9) Send the “pink” copy to the Evaluations trainer for review.
10) Score evaluations by providing a number that corresponds to the correct scoring
range you identified during the evaluation meeting. Do not change the scoring
range section later. You may score with any number in that range (please use all
whole numbers).
11) Enter evaluations into the PNBOA’s designated website.
ALL varsity officials are required to conduct evaluations regardless of ranking. Varsity
officials must observe at least 60% percent of the observable JV games preceding their
scheduled varsity game. The varsity official must observe a minimum of 2 quarters or 16
minutes of basketball of the JV game. Failure to meet this requirement will be subject
to penalties outlined in section 1.2.
If a Registered official is required to work the Varsity game in an emergency situation,
the Varsity official should wait until the completion of the Varsity game before giving
the evaluation to the registered official.
All evaluations must be entered and scored on the evaluations website no later than
Midnight February 28th, 2010.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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Completed Evaluation scores must be electronically verified no later than March 1st,
2010.
Paid Evaluator Staff Exception (Ding List)
Varsity Officials are allowed to avoid conflict by declaring exception to two (2) paid
evaluators each season. This provides a method for which Varsity Officials may exempt
themselves from being evaluated by a particular evaluator. In addition, Varsity Officials
shall declare to the Assignor and Evaluations Chair any conflicts of interest. This should
be done via email by November 23. Refer to Attachment #1, located at the end of this
manual for a complete list of Paid Evaluator Staff.
Submit your exceptions to the School Assignor via email by November 23, 2011.
PAID EVALUATOR STAFF LIST (refer to Attachment #1, located at the end of this manual)
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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STAN DARDIZ ED SCORING DEDUCTIONS
The PNBOA attempts to provide our Evaluators (both Paid Staff and Varsity Officials)
with guidelines, which reflect current training/trends, the spirit and intent of NFHS Rules
& Manuals, and provides for uniform scoring. Evaluation forms should have comments,
which justify
the
score
and
demonstrate
fair
and
constructive
criticism.
Range of Scores: While our system provides for scores to range from 0‐100; most
Officials are average to above average. Some are above average and fewer are
outstanding. In order to better illustrate this, the evaluation form uses a “scoring range
system” to reflect where that official best fits for that game. It is important to score
within the range that has been selected.
The scale below outlines automatic standard deductions that should be made during the
course of the evaluation.
Automatic Scoring Deductions:
Description Pts deducted
Visible jewelry 1
(Wedding rings are acceptable)
WOA patch missing 1
Improper uniform 1
(Proper uniform is defined in Board Policies; Jackets are optional/not part of uniform)
Failure to
check
book
at
10
minute
mark
2
Failure to meet with captains and coaches prior to start of game 2
Failure to enforce “blood rule” & “concussion rule 2
Failure to follow fighting/ejection procedure 3
While the evaluator should at all times keep an open mind regarding their overall score,
the above deductions should be assessed regardless of the overall performance of the
official or officials who failed to meet the above standards.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 12
PROMOTIONS & REASSIGNMENTS
List Movement (10% POLICY)
The current Varsity List contains 90 ranked members plus any additions such as transfer
tryout officials, etc. After the completion of each season the lowest ranked 10% of the
Varsity members are reassigned to the top of the registered list, in ranked order. 9
members from the Registered list are promoted to the bottom of the Varsity List.
Protected Status
Official promoted to Varsity for the first time are given one year “protected” status.
This protected status means that this official cannot be moved back to the registered list
after only one season on the varsity list.
Failure to comply
Officials who fail to comply with any of the provisions in section 1.2 may be subject to
penalties including reassignment.
Training Academy “Camp” Requirements
All officials who have been promoted from the registered list to the varsity list for the
first time will be required to attend a PNBOA approved training academy or “camp” in
order to be promoted.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 13
EVALUA TION FORM
Editorial Changes to Evaluation Form
(refer to attachment #3 for copy of 2011‐2012 form)
The evaluation
form
itself
has
been
updated
to
include
additional
emphasis
on
3 person
crews, while still allowing the form to work for 2 person crews. These changes bring the
form current to today’s standard of officiating with respect to points of emphasis,
mechanics, and rules.
The scoring system has been revised to reflect a philosophical change in scoring. The
following are the key elements:
Overall scoring remains the same 0‐100.
There
are
five
(5)
“scoring
ranges”.
These
ranges
represent
the
overall
officiated
game
by each official. It will be the responsibility of the evaluator to check the box that they
believe most accurately reflects the evaluation, and must be done at the time the
evaluation occurs.
An evaluator (Varsity or Paid) MAY check two adjacent boxes if they “feel” an official
that an official’s score may rest be in either box. (Maximum of 2 boxes checked) The
evaluator can score to any whole number within that range, but cannot change the
range once the evaluation has been given to the official.
The evaluator will place an actual score on the evaluation at a later time.
The “check
box”
has
returned
to
each
line
item.
Evaluators
will
be
asked
to
check
the
box that is appropriate for each of those line items.
As always, comments must justify the score, however, the evaluator shall be asked to
consider the “scoring range” definitions (refer to attachment #3 for scoring range
definitions located at the end of this manual) with respect to the overall ability of the
official during that specific game.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
Revised 11/18/2011 Page 14
MISCELLANEOUS
Varsity and Registered Officials List (refer to attachment #5‐located at the end of this
manual)
The evaluation
At
the
completion
of
each
school
season,
and
after
all
of
the
evaluations
have been scored and interpolated, the Evaluations Chairperson will compile two
ranked officials lists:
Varsity List: This ranked list will consist of all “varsity” officials ranked numerically based
on interpolated score. This list will be utilized accordingly by the assignor for the
purposes of assigning playoff, regional and state assignments,
Registered List: This ranked list will consist of all “registered” officials who received a
minimum of 8 evaluations during the season, and ranked numerically based on
interpolated
score.
Entering Evaluation Scores
For the 2011‐ 2012 season, the PNBOA will be using Arbiter (www.arbiter.com) to track
and enter evaluation scores.
Apprentice Evaluations
Although apprentices are not scored as a part of the evaluation process, the Board of
Directors believes
it
is
important
to
ensure
apprentices
are
familiar
with
the
process
as
they advance through the organization, and encourages all varsity officials to provide an
evaluation on the proper form.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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SUMMARY OF CHAN GES
Revised Evaluation form to reflect current officiating practices. Will be used for both 2
and 3 person crews. (see Attachment #2)
Revised scoring
range
classifications
for
the
purposes
of
providing
the
official
with
more
feedback and “real world” range scoring spreads and definitions as to what level they
officiated at during the game being observed. (see attachment #3)
Added current Officiating terms and definitions which are used during the Various
officiating training academies, the 2011 PNBOA Fall Training Academy and on the
updated 2011 – 2012 PNBOA / SOWB Evaluation – Evaluation Form (see attachment #
4).
Number of days to submit a letter of concern reduced from seven (7) to three (3).
Updated notifications for important dates during the Evaluations calendar.
Updated penalties for failure to comply with specific duties within the Evaluations
program.
Allowed paid and varsity observers to check two adjacent boxes ONLY if an officials
performance boarders on adjacent defined scoring areas.
Registered official maximum evaluations that can be counted and interpolated have
been limited to 25. Only the top 8 by different Varsity officials will be counted towards
final ranking.
Revised and updated Paid Evaluator list.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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Attachment #1
201 1-20 12 I NDEPENDENT PAID EVAL UAT OR STAFF
Mr. Mark Cook – Independent Evaluator Trainer and Liaison to Evaluation Committee
Mr. Malcolm Boyles
Mr. Donald Brady
Mr. Scott DePuy
Mr. Bob Carter
Mr. Ike Durham
Mr. Jeremy Eggers
Mr. Duane Johnson
Mr. Al Leonard
Mr. Ken MacDougall
Mr. Harvey Marshall
Mr. Matt
Mason
Mr. Dale McGregor
Mr. Al Murch
Mr. Mike Partlow
Mr. Don Rasmussen
Mr. Ronald
Richardson
Mr. Ted Wright
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Revised
Atta
201
WHI
YELL
PINK
11/18/2011
hment #2 1-2012
E COPY: W COPY: COPY:
EVALU
Officia
Evalua
Evalua
PNBOA E
TION
ls Copy tor Copy tor Copy To
ALUATIONS MA
ORM
Evaluation
NUAL
Trainer/Coordinator (
Page
ark Cook)
17
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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Attachment #3
SCORING BOX RANGE DEFINI TI ONS
Excellent (96‐100): The official demonstrates excellent mechanics and knowledge of the
rules. The official excels in verbal and non‐verbal communication during live and dead
balls. The
official
is
a confident
leader
on
the
floor,
even
in
times
of
distress.
The
official's presence on the floor would improve the overall quality of any game and any
crew.
Above Average (89‐95): The official demonstrates great mechanics and knowledge of
the rules. The official communicates well, has solid judgment, and can be a leader on
the floor. The official can be trusted to work challenging games at high levels. The
official elevates the integrity of the game and the crew.
Average (79‐88): The official demonstrates good knowledge of rules and
mechanics.
The
official
shows
quality
judgment
and
communication,
and
possesses
some leadership potential. The official is capable of handling most situations, and is a
good partner for the crew.
Fair (71‐78): The official demonstrates a general understanding of rules and mechanics,
and adequate judgment for the level of play. While the official does not improve the
performance of the crew, crew integrity is not jeopardized by the official's performance.
Needs Improvement (0‐69): The official does just enough to get by. The official's
mechanics and/or rules knowledge are at times insufficient for the level of play. The
official's judgment is faulty more often than is acceptable. The official brings down the
level of
the
crew.
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PNBOA EVALUATIONS MANUAL
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Attachment # 4
OFFICIATIN G & EVALUA TI ON FORM DEFINITI ONS
The following definition may or may not occur within the text of this manual or on this
year’s Evaluation
form
(note
words
in
quotation
marks
are
themselves
located
in
this
glossary):
Action Area: Location of “Competitive Matchups”, primary areas. May be adjusted
based on where the action areas are located. (e.g.: “Center (C)” may adjust above the
FT line if the action area is higher).
Active Feet: Being ready to “Position Adjust” quickly and as needed. Having weight on
the balls of your feet and quick to move rather than being on your heels resulting in a
slow reaction to move.
Ball Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the baseline
to the half ‐court line) on which the ball is located
Best first look: The official in the crew who has primary defender responsibility AND the
best angle AND has seen “start, develop, finish” on any give play.
Body Language: Opening shoulders to indicating acceptance of the play; stepping
toward a matchup to indicated coverage on‐ball or off ‐ball.
Bigs: Post Players.
Call: A call or violation mad by an official.
Call Selection: Level of consistency between officials for the game regarding how plays
are called and how we are judging physical play versus Rough play.
Center Official (C or Slot): Officials positioned near the side‐line, from the free throw
line extended, on the opposite side of the court as both the Trail and Lead.
Checklist: Small patterns or lists of items officials regularly follow to ensure proper
application of
rules,
manages
the
game,
and
avoid
errors.
Check Off Point: When transitioning from on‐ball coverage to off ‐ball coverage,
identifying the off ball “Competitive Matchups” from the ball coverage to the new
coverage area. Typically applies to when rotating from trail‐to‐center. “Elbow” and
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“block” court locations are typical check off points when “Competitive Matchups” are
present.
Close Down: A position taken by the Lead near the baseline and edge of the key.
Competitive Matchup:
A
defender
actively
guarding
an
opponent,
which
requires
the
attention of the primary official. (If multiples, can be ranked, i.e. “1st matchup, 2nd
matchup”, etc.)
Correct Call: A foul or violation called by an official, which is correct because of rule
application, “possession consequence”, or game management.
Crew Call: A call, which utilizes information from two or more members of the crew in
order to get the play correct.
Cues for Rotation: Ball on opposite side of floor in frontcourt; location of “Competitive
Matchups”; “Center (C)” has started a 5‐second count.
Double Whistle: When two officials blow their whistles to stop play due to a foul or
violation.
Engaged: Keenly and actively aware of partners, primary areas, competitive matchups,
game and clock situations. Ready to assist on obvious plays that need whistles outside
of primary. Not holding down the floor in one spot and getting “Straight‐lined” on plays.
Fifty‐Fifty Call: A call (violation or foul), which could go either way. In general, a no‐call
is preferred
over
a fifty
‐fifty
call.
Flow: How the game moves up and down the floor during live ball. Our “Game
Management” and “Whistle Tempo” can affect the pulse or tempo of the game.
Game Management: Techniques used to control the game, including communication
with bench personnel, enforcing timing regulations, all while encouraging a “Flow” to
exist in the game.
Incidental contact: Legal contact between opponents, often during “Physical play”, in
which
neither
opponents’
“Rhythm,
Speed
Balance
or
Quickness
(RSBQ)”
is
negatively
affected and has no negative affect on the play.
Lead Official (L): Official positioned on the end line.
Legal Contact: Contact between opponents, which does not violate any rules.
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Live ball communication: Verbal or non‐verbal communication between officials while
the ball is live.
No call: Play, which may have occurred, but is not called a foul or violation due to
correct “Possession Consequence”.
No‐call incorrect: A call, which is not made (or passed on) which has a negative
“Possession Consequence” and is an error by the crew.
Open angle / Open look: Position by an official, which allows the official to see space
between the offensive and defensive players. This allows the official to properly judge
contact, violations, fouls, and “see the whole play”.
Opposite Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the
baseline to the half court line) opposite of your current position. (insert Steve brown
court diagram here).
Physical play: A level of play, between opponents, which is of a high tempo, assertive,
and during which “Legal Contact” and “Incidental Contact” occurs because players are
making an attempt to play the ball.
Pinch the paint: See “Close Down.”
Play Calling: How officials judge each plan and apply rules from the start, development
and through the finish of each play.
Points and
Possessions:
“Play
Calling”
affects
a team’s
ability
to
score
points
or
their
ability to possess the ball. Anytime we are making calls or rulings, we need to be aware
of how we are affecting points and possessions with the game. “Points and
Possessions” are what win games.
Possession adjust: Movement by an official to improve, obtain, or maintain an “Open
Look” or “Open Angles” between players so the play may be properly judged. “Move to
maintain”.
Possession Consequence: Team control of the ball, the end result which may occur after
a
play
Post‐game: Discussion among the crew (all officials) regarding the game contract
(“Pre‐game”) and how it was executed.
Pre‐game: Discussion among the crew (all officials) regarding the overall management
and crew philosophies for the upcoming game: Crew communication, rules mechanics,
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special situations, etc. Pre‐game is also called a “Contract”. Official on the crew agree
to certain philosophies and standards regarding how they will manage and referee the
game. This “Contract” is what the crew needs to execute during the game.
Primary defender: The defensive player for which a position (L,T, or C) has primary
responsibility to
judge
while
refereeing
that
defense.
Primary match‐up: The most “Competitive match‐up” that begins in your area.
Primary whistle tempo: A whistle blown by an official in their primary area (or on their
“Primary defender(s)”) to signal a foul or violation after the calling official see the entire
play: “Start, Develop, and Finish”.
Rotation: Crew movement, dictated by the ball/post play, which moves the crew to
better angles to officiate the play. Lead moves across the key; Trail becomes center;
Center becomes Trail. This sequence does NOT HAPPEN simultaneously and you should
NEVER LEAVE AN “OPEN LOOK / OPEN ANGLE”. (refer to “Cues to Rotations”)
Rough play: Illegal contact between opponents which exceeds physical play and
incidental contact, does not make an attempt to “play the ball”, or is directly “aimed” at
one’s opponent.
RSBQ (rhythm, speed, balance, quickness): During play, judge each of these items to
determine if an opponent contact placed a player at a disadvantage.
Secondary defender: A defender, which is not an official’s primary responsibility, but
may enter
the
play
from
another
official’s
primary
coverage
area.
Secondary whistle tempo: A whistle blown by a crew member to signal a foul or
violation AFTER the calling official has seen the entire play (Start‐Develop‐Finish) AND
recognized that the Primary crew member covering the play is unable to make the call
(due to lack of information, poor angle, etc.).
Slow to show: Officials should always be slow to give preliminary signals, ensuring eye
contact and communication with their partners. Be especially slow to show your
preliminary signals during a double whistle, as this could lead to officials simultaneously
indicating
different
signals.
Straight‐lined or Stacked: A poor position, in which an official cannot see space
between players, caused when the official is out of position and does not have an “Open
Look”. Players are stacked or in a straight line, and the official cannot referee the play.
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Strong Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the
baseline to the half ‐court line) on which both the Trail and Lead are located, usually the
side on which the play will finish.
Switch: Two officials change positions, usually caused by a foul being reported.
Table Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the
baseline to the half ‐court line) where the table (timekeeper, scorekeeper) is located.
Ten‐One & One (2 person Crew): An attempt by officials to keep all ten players, their
partners and the table (or clock) within their peripheral vision at all times.
Ten‐Two & One (3 person crew): An attempt by officials to keep all ten players, their
two partners and the table (or clock) within their peripheral vision at all times.
To & Through: When a competitor makes contact with an opponent directly in the
chest or torso displacing and causing the opponent’s “RSBQ” to be negatively impacted
(Often used to describe a block/charge).
Trail Official (T): Official positioned between the sideline and closest lane‐line extended,
near the 28‐foot mark, opposite the center and on the same side as the “Lead”.
Triple whistle: When all three officials blow their whistles to stop play.
Weak Side: The side of the court (when divided in the middle of the key from the
baseline to the half ‐court line) on which the Center is located. Usually the side opposite
where the
play
will
finish.
Wide Eyes: Being in a place to see all players and partners during off ball or non‐
“Competitive Matchup” situations, and allowing yourself the ability to anticipate the
next play.
Wide out / angle: Position of the Lead to mirror the ball, sometimes as far away from
the key as where the 3‐point arch on the end line.
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2011-12 BASKETBALL RULES CHANGES
1-3-1 The center restraining circle specifications were changed to permit a minimum of a¼-inch-wide single line but a line no wider than 2-inches to designate the outeredge of the circle. Contrasting colored-floor areas are still permissible.Rationale: Many existing courts already have a center circle that has a single ¼ -inch line. A mathematical line between two solid colors is also permitted in Table 1-1, Supplement to the Basketball Court, No. 3. This change provides consistency inthe rule.
3-5-3
New
The specifications regarding arm compression sleeves were changed to require the
item to be white, black, beige or a single solid school color, be the same color foreach team member and have only a single manufacturer’s logo that does notexceed 2 ¼ square inches. Arm compression sleeves must still be worn for medicalpurposes.Rationale: Under the previous rule, arm compression sleeves had no logorestrictions, could have been multiple colors and teammates could have worndifferent colors. This rules change provides clarification and makes enforcementmore consistent for officials.
4-12-1,4-12-2 &4-12-6
Several definitions were changed to reflect that team control will now exist during athrow-in when the thrower-in has the ball at his/her disposal. The change primarilyaffects how foul penalties will be administered.
Rationale: By changing the definition of player and team control to include a throw-in, greater consistency in the penalty for a common foul is achieved. As theprevious rule was written, because there was no team control during a throw-in, thepenalty for a common foul committed by the throw-in team after the throw-in hadbegun resulted in free throws if the offended team was in the bonus. This was notconsistent with the penalty for a team-control foul. This rules change will result ingreater consistency in the penalties for common fouls, eliminate confusion on ruleapplication and speed up the contest by eliminating the delay inherent withadministering free throws.
2011-12 MAJOR EDITORIAL CHANGES
1-11-2, 3 Updated specifications were added to the basket-ring rules. A note was also addedrecommending that basket rings be inspected for rules compliance.Rationale: The changes will more accurately describe the products used in themarketplace and encourage some type of equipment inspection.
2-2-4Note
A note was added clarifying the administrative responsibilities of game officialsthrough the completion of required reports.
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Summary – NFHS 2011-12 Basketball Rules ChangesPage No. 2
New Rationale: The administrative duties for game officials needed to be extended afterthe game to document actions which occur during the game. This revision illustratesthe difference between the game officials’ jurisdiction during the game and other administrative responsibilities such as submitting specific reports after the game. Inaddition, state associations may continue to develop and implement policies that
allow for review of unusual incidents that occur while the game officials have jurisdiction or after the game.
3-4-1cNoteNew
A new note was added recommending that the visiting team’s dark jersey be thedarker of the school’s color scheme or black. Rationale: Many schools believe that a contrasting dark-colored jersey need only bea color other than white. When visiting teams wear light blue, light gold or light silver,it is difficult to differentiate them from the home white jerseys.
3-5-1NoteNew
A new note was added authorizing state associations to grant exceptions to NFHSplaying rules for participants with disabilities, special needs and/or extenuatingcircumstances.
Rationale: Clarifies that an individual state association may authorize exceptions toNFHS playing rules to provide reasonable accommodations to individual participantswith disabilities and/or special needs or other unique and extenuating circumstances.Such exceptions are not considered rules modifications since they are not general innature; rather, they are limited to the circumstances of specific individual participants.
4-19-3 The definition of an intentional foul was clarified and reorganized.Rationale: Clarification.
6-4-3e, g &Note
Alternating-possession throw-in situations were clarified.Rationale: Current items e. and g. were inaccurate given the point of interruptionprocedure in 4-36. The Note was also clarified.
8-6-2,8-6-3 New,
8-7
The penalty administration for when single fouls occur as part of a multiple free-throwsituation and when a double foul occurs as part of a multiple free-throw situation wasclarified. Based on these editorial changes, Section 8-7 became unnecessary andwas deleted.Rationale: Clarification.
9-2-10Penalty 4
Clarified that when an opponent contacts the thrower-in, an intentional foul shall becharged to the offender.Rationale: Any type of contact on a thrower is an intentional foul. The defender doesnot actually have to break the boundary plane. This clarification will assist in moreconsistent enforcement.
2011-12 POINTS OF EMPHASIS
1. Sporting Behavior2. Guidelines for Teaching and Officiating3. Injury Data and Prevention