GENDER AND POLITICAL ISLAMISM IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (4 credits)

Central European UniversityDepartment of Gender Studies

Nadia Jones-Gailanijonesn@ceu.eduVisiting Assistant Professor, Department of Gender Studies Office: 509B, Zrini 14

Course Description

In this course, we will trace the history of political radicalism (most commonly now referred to as Islamism) over a century of development, with a focus on the Middle East and North Africa. We will explore and seek to understand how Islam as a religion has given rise to Islamism as a political movement. Furthermore, we will explore this complex topic as historians of gender, inquiring into the ways in which Islamic radicalism and militancy have developed in response to (and alongside) other anti-imperial processes. This course seeks to open up a conversation about developing networks of religious radicals, providing context for the ways in which militant and (often, but not always,) terrorist cells organize and communicate across borders, redrawing as they do the political boundaries. From the early organizing of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Da'wa Party, to today's so-called Islamic State, we will explore how and why political, social and cultural developments across North Africa and the Middle East have initiated a radical response through militant groups that challenge state sovereignty. As we trace the transnational scope of the current movement, we will explore more recent activism, militancy and mobilization that has given rise to various trends in Salafist Islam (including Wahhabism) in the Gulf and the development of the Daesh, or the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.

Key Questions

The objectives of the course are to train students in the historical and sociological understanding of Islam as a religion versus Islamism as a political movement. It is expected that students will have a clear understanding of the main intellectual discourses organized around the following areas of debate:

1) Is Islamism/Political Islam/political radicalism in Islam simply a counter to the perceived Westernization or secular encroachment into the MENA region throughout the twentieth century?

2) Is this group of movements a reaction to modernity?3) What are the gendered implications for men and women both

inside and outside the Islamism movements?4) Are women a key arm of Islamism in the MENA region?

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Learning Outcomes At the end of the course, student should be able to: identify and understand the following:

Identify what is implicated in the ways that we categorize Islamism, Political Islam, political radicalism in Islam, and terrorism.

Identify and understand the origins and history of the movement that can loosely be described as Islamism/Political Islam/political radicalism in Islam.

Understand the context of Islamism in relation to the categorization of modernity and post-modernity and the rise of political Islam.

Understand and respond to critical questions on Islamism as a grass-roots movement that counters a top-down politics of Islam in key states (Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, etc.)

Understand the gendered context of the movement, with particular attention to the lesser-understood role of women in Islamism.

Trace and evaluate the relationship between Islam and the West, and how this has shaped the ways in which different elements of the movement have developed.

Identify the critical difference between Islamism as a political manifesto, and terrorism as a limited form of action within the broader movement.

Course Organization

The course is designed to be an intensive discussion-based seminar for graduate students. I like to think about this course syllabus as a contract with each student – if you accept the contract at the beginning of the term, I take this to mean that you agree to complete all components of the course. Weekly readings are a key part of making this a successful seminar discussion for all participants – please complete ALL of the reading before coming to class. This is a reading and writing-intensive course – there are no midterm or final exams.

How you participate in this course will determine a large portion of your grade – 30% of your overall grade for the course. Please take the readings and course discussions seriously – prepare for class, complete the readings in advance, and participate as much as possible. You are permitted ONE free absence in the class, however, you are also required

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to provide documentation for each unexcused absence – please email me or come and visit me in my office if you have concerns about your attendance.

In class, we will discuss in greater detail the writing assignments for this course, and I will also provide a detailed breakdown of the requirements of each assignments on the course website in advance of the due date.

Course Assignments and Grades

Class Participation 30%

Book Review 20%

Film Critique 20%

In-class Presentation 10%Final Reflection Paper 20%

Course Requirements and Grades

Class Participation (30%)This is a discussion-based course, and therefore you must come to class in order to receive a participation grade. If you do not come to class, you cannot pass this course. Should you be forced to miss class, you can “make up” one class throughout the term by writing a 1000-word analysis of the assigned readings for that week. You may not make up more than one missed class. Make-up work must be handed in to the instructor during the class period following the meeting you missed. If you anticipate missing classes (including for religious observances) please get in touch with me as soon as possible.

You should arrive for class having completed the reading and prepared to engage in a discussion of the material with your colleagues. Simply showing up and sitting silently in class is not considered participation, and you will not receive participation points for doing so. You must take an active part in classroom discussion and in-class activities. You are expected to contribute to EVERY CLASS DISCUSSION, and failure to do so will negatively affect your grade.

This course deals with sensitive and controversial material – especially given the current political climate in the U.S. and the long history of American imperialism that has shaped many of the developments we will discuss. I ask that you show every person in the classroom the same kind of courtesy and respect that you expect in return, REGARDLESS of colour, creed, sexuality or religious background. You are encouraged to share your background and experiences in class, and therefore it is imperative that we maintain a free and warm intellectual environment

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so that we can provide the same respect to each and every individual student.

Book Review (20%)

For this assignment, you will write an academic book review of any of the texts used in the course. Before you begin the assignment, please look at examples of scholarly book reviews in order to get a sense of the format – we will also discuss this in detail during our class. In addition to the main text, you are also required to introduce into your analysis of the book, two scholarly, peer-reviewed, book reviews of the work. Essentially, this review offers the opportunity to integrate yourself into the literary review/historiography on this topic. Consider how others have evaluated the text and write a review from the perspective of a junior academic, clearly stating for your audience why this text is important/not important, where it falls in the broader discourse on the subject, and who you would recommend should read this book – ie., is this a book for undergraduates, graduate students, a public audience, or perhaps a very small group of intellectuals. Your review should be no more than 6-8 pages in length.

Film Critique (20%)

Based on the film Timbuktu (which we will screen in class), you will write a critical reflection of the film, with a particular focus on the gendered interactions that take place when Islamism is imposed as an inorganic way of life. In this paper, you will reflect on what kinds of information are provided, what kinds of methodologies are employed, how the director and producer reflect upon the individual and communal impacts of imposing Islamism as a lived manifesto. This film is both heartbreaking and visually stunning, and takes a markedly different approach to the more commonly featured violence of Islamism and jihadist terrorism. In particular, think critically about the message of the film for multiple and diverse audiences, and the ways in which men, women, boys, and girls are differently impacted in their daily lives but also as communal and ethnic collective. The film critique paper should be no longer than 6-8 pages in length, and no additional sources are necessary.

Synopsis:“2015 Academy Award Nominee for Best Foreign Language Film! Not far from Timbuktu, now ruled by the religious fundamentalists, Kidane lives peacefully in the dunes with his wife Satima, his daughter Toya, and Issan, their twelve-year-old shepherd. In town, the people suffer, powerless, from the regime of terror imposed by the Jihadists determined to control their faith. Music, laughter, cigarettes, even soccer have been banned. The women have become shadows but resist with dignity. Every day, the new improvised courts issue tragic and absurd sentences. Kidane and his family are being spared the chaos that prevails in Timbuktu. But their destiny changes when Kidane

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accidentally kills Amadou, the fisherman who slaughtered “GPS,” his beloved cow. He now has to face the new laws of the foreign occupants. Timbuktu is Mauritania's first entry for the Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award.”

See the following link for more information:http://cohenmedia.net/films/timbuktu

In-class Presentation (10%)In each class, one student will present the major issues from the readings based on a careful interpretation and synopsis of the assigned readings IN ADDITION TO one of the suggested readings for the week. In your presentation, you will outline the main arguments and methods employed by the authors, discuss briefly how the readings are connected, and propose discussion questions to further the classroom discussion. Please print and hand in a brief overview of your presentation to the instructor at the end of class.

Final Reflection Paper (20%)

For the final reflection paper, you will pick one of the weekly topics and reflect upon how the readings relate and respond to contemporary and historical Islamism/political Islam. In the paper, you should draw from the assigned as well as the suggested readings for that week – no additional research or sources are required. The paper should be approximately 6-8 pages in length, and adhere to the writing guidelines outlined below in the syllabus. Please consult with the instructor on the topic of your response paper as soon as possible in the term. You may choose to draw in material from your in-class presentation – this is permitted and very much encouraged.

Writing Guidelines

All written material must be printed in 12-point font (Times New Roman) and double-spaced, with page numbers included at the bottom of the page. Provide full references for all literature cited, including those on our syllabus. If you are unsure about rules for citations, and avoiding plagiarism, please see the Center for Academic Writing or the course instructor. Assignments must be submitted in hard copy AND uploaded to the e-learning site (unless we agree otherwise). Please print double-sided. Electronic documents must indicate your name and which assignment it is in the file name. And remember to back up your files so you don’t have to repeat your work!

Policy on electronic devices in class

You may work from a laptop or large tablet in class to take notes and/or access readings in electronic form unless this becomes too disruptive, at

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which point we will change the policy. Do NOT do this with a mobile phone. Phones must be switched off or on mute and must not be taken out during class.

Late PenaltiesStudents should make every effort to have in assignments, essays, and all other coursework by the date stated on the syllabus. I am willing to discuss the possibility of an extension for essays if you contact me a week in advance of the due date. Late assignments are subject to a 2% deduction per day until the assignment is handed in to the instructor.

Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism will not be tolerated – any instance of plagiarism will automatically result in an “F” for the assignment and potentially an failing grade in the course. Please see the regulations on academic integrity as they are outlined by CEU:

You are responsible for knowing and adhering to these regulations, and understanding the consequences of your actions if you are in violation of any of them.

Here are guidelines for all scholarly/written work (created by Todd D. Shepard):

1. All written work submitted for credit is accepted as your own work. It may not have been composed, wholly or partially, by another person.

2. I encourage you to incorporate ideas from books and essays in your work as starting points, governing issues, illustrations, and the like, but in each case the source must be cited.

3. The wording of written work is taken as your own. Scholarly work, almost by definition, will include other writers’ phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. All of these—even if it’s only a key word or several words--must be presented as quotations and with the source acknowledged. Thus you may not submit work that has been copied, wholly or partially, from a book, article, essay, newspaper, another student’s paper or notebook, internet site, or any other written or printed media source unless you use proper citation.

4. The ideas, arguments, and conclusions of written work are accepted as originating with you, the writer. Written work that paraphrases any written or printed media material without explicit acknowledgement (N.B.: even if the source is cited in a footnote) may not be submitted for credit.

5. Remember that any on-line materials you use to gather information for a paper are also governed by rules about plagiarism, so you need to learn to cite electronic sources as well as printed and other sources.

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6. You may correct and revise your writing with the aid of reference books and other sources. You may also discuss your writing with peer writing groups, peer tutors, other professors, or other people more generally. However, you may not submit writing that has been revised substantially by another.

Respect in the ClassroomThis is a class that encourages critical thinking, so we must expect differences of opinion. The classroom is a safe space for each student to express themselves and their relevant opinions without suffering any kind of derisive comments from other students.

Please arrive on time, and if this is not possible, notify the instructor by email prior to the beginning of class.

Turn off mobile phones/smart phones – it is extremely disrespectful to other members of the class if you check emails, texts, messages, etc., during class time.

LECTURE THEMES, ASSIGNMENTS AND READINGS (*subject to change at the discretion of the course instructor)

Please have your reader/readings with you in each class for reference. All assigned texts as well as additional texts for further reading are available on the e-learning site.

Recommended course textbooks

Donohue, J. and Esposito, J. (ed.) (2006) Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives, 2nd ed., New York: Oxford University Press.

Mandaville, P. (2007) Global Political Islam, London and New York: Routledge.

Esposito, J. (1998) Islam: The Straight Path, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mishal, S. and Sela, A. (2000) The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Coexistence, Columbia University Press (electronic source, CEU library). Jaber, H. (1997) Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance, New York: Columbia University Press.

Sullivan D.J. and Abed-Kotob, S. (1999) Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs. the State, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Pub.

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Mirbagheri, F. (2012) War and Peace in Islam: A Critique of Islamic/ist Political Discourses, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Week 1: Introduction to the Issues

I. Introduction to the course No required reading

II. Islam, Islamism and Political Islam

Evans, T. (2011) “The limits of tolerance: Islam as counter-hegemony?,” Review of International Studies, 37: pp: 1751-1773.

Ismail, S. (2004) “Being Muslim: Islam, Islamism and Identity Politics”, Government and Opposition, 39 (4). pp. 614-31.

Week 2: Methodological Challenges

I. An Anthropology of Islam

Asad, Talal. 1986. “The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam,” Occasional Papers Series, 1-17. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies.

Wedeen, Lisa. 2003. “Beyond the Crusades.” Social Science Research Council 4:2-3, 1-6.

Sami Zubaida, 1995. “Is there a Muslim Society? Ernest Gellner's 'Sociology of Islam,'” Economy and Society 24:2, 151-188.

II. The Language of Orientalism

Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. London: Vintage Books, introduction.

Edward Said on Orientalism:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVC8EYd_Z_g

Suggested reading:

Talal Asad, 1993. “The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category.” Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, Baltimore MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Week 3: The History of a Political Islam

I. Multiple Modernities?

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Katsikas, S. (2009) “European Modernity and Islamic Reformism among Muslims of the Balkans in the Late-Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Period (1830s and 1945)”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs (29)4: 435-442.

Hefner, Robert W. 1998. “Muslim Modernities: Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism in aGlobalizing Age.” Annual Review of Anthropology 27: 83-104.

Ahmed, Leila. “Women and the Rise of Islam (chapter 3),” in Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of the Debate. 41-63.

II. The Origins of Islam in Politics

Berkey, J. (2003) The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800, 141-159. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tibi, Bassam. 2012. “Why Islamism is not Islam.” Islamism and Islam. Princeton, NJ: Yale University Press. Madigan, P. (2009) “Women Negotiating Modernity: A Gender Perspective on Fundamentalisms in Catholicism and Islam”, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations, 20: 1, pp: 1–20.

Suggested additional reading:

Lapidus, I. 2002. A History of Islamic Societies, 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mandelung, W. 1997. The Succession to Muhammad: A study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mandaville, Peter. 2007. “Introduction,” and “Islam and Politics.” Global Political Islam. London: Routledge.

Mitchell, R. 1993. The Society of Muslim Brothers. New York: Oxford University Press.

Moaddel, M. 2005. Islamic Modernism, Nationalism and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Pamuk, O. 2004. The Snow, London: Faber and Faber.

Shulz, R. 2002. A Modern History of the Islamic World, London: I.B. Tauris.

Zubaida, S. 1993. Islam, the People & the State: Political Ideas & Movements in the Middle East, London: I.B. Tauris & Co.

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Week 4: Political Islam: Origins of the Debate

I. What is Political Islam?

Sadowski, Y. 2006 “Political Islam: Asking the Wrong Questions?”, Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci., 9, pp: 215–40.

Moaddel, Mansoor. 2005. “Introduction: Sociological Theories of Social and Cultural Change.” Islamic Modernism, Nationalism and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lewis, Bernard. 1990. “The Roots of Muslim Rage.” The Atlantic. (Skim) http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1990/09/the-roots-of-muslim-rage/304643/

II. Islamism and Modern State Formation

Hatem, M. (2002) “Gender and Islamism in the 1990s”, Middle East Report, no: 22, pp: 44-47. Mandaville, Peter. 2007. “State Formation and the Making of Islamism.” Global Political Islam. London: Routledge.

Zubaida, S. (2004) “Islam and nationalism: continuities and contradictions”, Nations and Nationalism, 10: 4, pp: 407–420.

Suggested additional readings:

Özdalga, E. (2009) “Islamism and Nationalism as Sister Ideologies: Reflections on the Politicization of Islam in a Longue Durée Perspective”, Middle Eastern Studies, 45: 3, pp: 407–423.

Altinordu, A. (2010) “The Politicization of Religion: Political Catholicism and Political Islam in Comparative Perspective”, Politics & Society, 38 (4): 517-551.

Craigh Calhoun, 1983. “The Radicalism of Tradition: Community Strength or Venerable Disguise and Borrowed Language?”, American Journal of Sociology, 88 (5), 886-914

Roxanne L. Euben, 1999. Enemy in the Mirror, Princeton: Princeton University Press, “Re-making territories” and “A View Across Time: Islam as the Religion of Reason”

Ervand Abrahamian, 1993. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley: University of California, “Fundamentalism or Populism?”.

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Thomas J. Butko, 2004. “Revelation or revolution: a Gramscian approach to the rise of political Islam”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 31(1), 41–62.

Week 5: Pioneers of the Islamic Revival

I. Ideology and Discourse

Rahnema, Ali. 1994. “Introduction” Pioneers of the Islamic Revival. London: Zed Books.

Nikkie R Keddie, 1994. “Sayyid Jamal al-Din ‘al-Afghani.” Pioneers of the IslamicRevival.

Euben and Zaman. “Hasan al-Banna,” in Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought, pp. 49-78.

II. The Feminist Subject

Euban and Zaman, Chapter 11: Zaynab Al-Ghazali, 275-301.

Saba Mahmood, 2005. “Topography of the Piety Movement.” The Politics of Piety: The Islamist Revival and the Feminist Subject. Princeton University Press.

Suggested additional reading:

Mandaville, Peter. 2007. “Islamic Responses to Imperialism.” Global Political Islam.

Tibi, Bassam. 2012. “Islamism, Purity and Authenticity.” Islamism and Islam.

Roxanne L. Euben, 1999. “A View Across Time: Islam as the Religion of Reason,” in Enemy in the Mirror, pp. 105-117.

Rahnema, Ali, ed. 2006. Pioneers of the Islamic Revival. London: Zed Books.

Week 6: Islamization: A Top Down Approach

I. Sharia and the State

Brown, N.J. 1997. “Sharia and State in the Modern Muslim Middle East.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29(3): 359-376.

Hosseini-Ziba, M. 2000. Islam and Gender, the religious debate in contemporary Iran. London: I.B Tauris, introduction.

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Jasbir Puar, and Amit Rai, “Monster, Terrorist, Fag: The War on Terrorism and the Production of Docile Patriots,” in Social Text 72, 20, 3 (2002): 117-48.

II. After the Revolution

Vahdat, F. (2003) “Islamic Discourses on Modernity in Iran: Expansion and Contraction of Human Subjectivity”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4 pp. 599-631.

Piscatori, J. (1990) “The Rushdie Affair and the Politics of Ambiguity”, International Affairs, 66, pp: 767-789.

Asef Bayat, 2007. “Revolution Without Movement, Movement Without Revolution: Islamist Activism in Iran and Egypt, 1960s-1980s,” in Making Islam Demoratic, pp. 16-48.

Suggested additional readings:

Piscatori, J. (1983) ‘Ideological Politics in Sa’udi Arabia’, in J. Piscatori (ed.) Islam in the Political Process, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp: 56-72.

Nasr, S.V.R. 2001. Islamic Leviathan: Islam and the Making of State Power. New York: Oxford University Press.

Haqqani, H. 2005. Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Keddie, N. (2003) Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Kepel, G. (2004) The War for Muslim Minds, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.

Martin, V. (2000) Creating an Islamic State: Khomeini and the Making of a New Iran, New York: I.B. Tauris.

Week 7: Sayyid Qutb, The Muslim Brotherhood, and the New Islamists

I. The Teachings of Sayyid Qutb

Mandaville, Peter. 2007. “Sayyid Qutb.” Global Political Islam.

Hansen, H., and Kainz, P. 2007. “Radical Islamism and Totalitarian Ideology: A Comparison of Sayyid Qutb’s Islamism with Marxism and

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National Socialism.” Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 8(1): 55–76.

II. Islamic Activism

Mandaville, Peter. 2007. “Authorities old and new.” Global Political Islam.

Bruce Rutherford, 2006. “Moderate Islam and the Rise of Islamic Constitutionalism.” Middle East Journal 60:4, pp. 707-731.

Shepard, W. (1996) Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism, London, New York, Köln: Brill. (Chapter 5).

Suggested additional reading:

Euben and Zaman, “Sayyid Qutb,” Princeton Readings in Islamist Thought, 129-152.

Mirbagheri, F. (2012) War and Peace in Islam: A Critique of Islamic/ist Political Discourses, Palgrave Macmillan (chapter 4).

Shepard, W. (2003) “Sayyid Qutb's Doctrine of Jāhiliyya”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 35: 4, pp. 521-545.

Week 8: Islamism from the Bottom Up

I. The Politics of Piety for Women in Egypt

Mahmood, Saba. 2005. The Politics of Piety. Introduction and Chapter 1.

II. The Debate Revisited

El-Affendi, A. (2011) ‘The Islamism Debate Revisited: In Search of ‘Islamist Democrats’ in Pace, M. (ed.) Europe, the USA and Political Islam: Strategies for engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, pp: 125-139.

Al-Anani, K. (2012) “Islamist Parties Post Arab Spring”, Mediterranean Politics, 17(3), pp: 466-472.

Further Reading:

Butko, T.J. (2004) “Revelation or Revolution: A Gramscian Approach to the Rise of Political Islam”, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 31, no. 1, pp: 41-62.

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Tibi, B. (2009) “Islamism and Democracy: On the Compatibility of Institutional Islamism and the Political Culture of Democracy”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 135–164.

Atabaki, T. (ed.) (2007) The state and the subaltern. Modernization, society and state in Turkey and Iran, London and New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers (in association with The International Institute of Social History).

Baker, R. (2003) Islam Without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

El-Ghobashy, M. (2005) ‘The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 37, No. 3: 373-395.

Hefner, R. (ed.) (2005) Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Sidahmed, A. and Ehteshami, A. (eds.) (1996) Islamic Fundamentalism, Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Schwedler, J. (2006) Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wiktorowicz, Q. (2005) ‘The Salafi Movement: Violence and the Fragmentation of Community’, in M. Cooke, B. Lawrence (eds.), Muslim Networks from Hajj to Hip Hop, Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.

Yavuz, M.H and Esposito, J. (eds.) (2003) Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gulen Movement, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.

Boroumand, L. and Boroumand, R. (2002) “Terror, Islam and Democracy”, Journal of Democracy, 13- 2, pp: 5-20.

Week 9: Gendering Political Islam

I. Women and Islamic Resistance

Holt, M. (2010) ‘Challenging Preconceptions: Women and Islamic Resistance’, in Pace M. (ed.) Europe, the USA and Political Islam: Strategies for engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, pp: 79-101.

Lila Abu-Lughod, 2002. “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? AnthropologicalReflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others,” American Anthropologist 104:3, pp. 783-790.

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II. Women and Nation

Kandiyoti, Deniz. 1998. “Women, Islam and the State,” Joel Benin and Joe Stork, eds. Political Islam. London: IB Tauris.

Watson, H. (1994) “Women and the veil: Personal responses to global process”, in Islam, Globalization and Post-Modernity, ed. Akbar S. Ahmed and Hastings Donnan, London: Routledge, pp: 141-159.

Kevin J. Ayotte, and Mary E. Husain,” Securing Afghan Women: Neocolonialism, Epistemic Violence, and the Rhetoric of the Veil,” NWSA Journal, 17, 3 (2005): 112-133.

Further Reading:

Ahmed, L. (1992) Women and Gender in Islam: historical roots of a modern debate, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Göle, N. (1996) The Forbidden Modern, Civilization and Veiling, Critical Perspectives on Women and Gender, University of Michigan.

Haddad, Y.Y. and Esposito, J.L. (1998) Islam, gender and social change, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hosseini-Ziba, M. (2000) Islam and Gender, the religious debate in contemporary Iran, London: I.B Tauris.

Moghadan, V.M. (2003) Modernizing Women: Gender and Social Change in the Middle East, Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Rachel Rinaldo, 2008. “Envisioning the Nation: Women Activists, Religion and the PublicSphere in Indonesia.” Social Forces 86:4, pp. 1781-1804.

Week 10: Film and Documentary Analysis

I. Screening of Timbuktu in classNo required readings.

II. No Class – Work on you Documentary Analysis assignments

Week 11: Transnational Political Islam

I. Islamism and the West

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Aijaz, A. (2008) “Islam, Islamism and the West”, The Socialist Register, pp: 1-36.

El Fadl, K.A. (2001) “Islam and the Theology of Power”, Middle East Report, No. 221 pp. 28-33.

II. Towards a secular Islam?

Karam, A. (2000) ‘Islamisms: Globalisation, Religion and Power’, in Ronaldo Muck and Purnaka L. de Silva (eds.) Postmodern Insurgencies: Political Violence, Identity Formation and Peacemaking in Comparative Perspective, London and New York: Macmillan and St.Martin’s Press.

Khalid, A. (2003) “A Secular Islam: Nation, State, and Religion in Uzbekistan”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 35, no. 4, pp: 573-598.

Kuru, A.T. (2008) “Secularism, State Policies, and Muslims in Europe: Analyzing French Exceptionalism”, Comparative Politics, 41: 1, pp: 1-19.

Further reading:

Barber, B.R. (1996) Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the World, New York: Ballantine Books.

Cavatorta, F. (2008) “Civil Society, Democracy Promotion and Islamism on the Southern Shores of the Mediterranean”, Mediterranean Politics, 13: 1, pp: 109–119.

Karam, A. (2004) (ed.) Transnational Political Islam, Religion, Ideology and Power, London: Pluto Press.

Perwita, A.A.B. (2001) Political Islam versus Globalisation? Policy, Organisation & Society, Different Globalisations, pp: 155-64.

Roy, O. (2004) Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, New York: Columbia University Press.

Werbner, P. (2003), Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Ramadan, T. (1999) “Who are We?” in To Be a European Muslim, The Islamic Foundation, Leicester, pp: 162-198.

Gilliat-Ray, S. (1998) “Multiculturalism and Identity: their relationship for British Muslims”, Journal – Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 18 (2): 347-354.

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Tugal, C. (2009) Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, pp: 147-192 (The Emergence of Modern Islamic Political Society).

Vidino, L. 2005 “The Muslim Brotherhood’s Conquest of Europe”, Middle East Quarterly, pp: 25-34.

Week 12: The Future of Political Islam?

I. The American and European Context

Akçalı, E. (2010) ‘EU, Political Islam and Polarization of Turkish Society’, in Pace M. (ed.) Europe, the USA and Political Islam: Strategies for engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, pp: 40-57.

Göle, N. (2006) “Europe’s Encounter with Islam: What Future?”, Constellations, vol. 13, no 2, pp: 249-262.

Hassan, O. (2010) ‘America’s Freedom Dilemma for the Middle East: Interests or Democracy?’, in Pace M. (ed.) Europe, the USA and Political Islam: Strategies for engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, pp: 161-191.

II. Final class discussion – no required readings

Suggested additional readings:

Hunter, S. (2002) Islam, Europe’s Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Nielsen, J. (1995) Muslims in Western Europe, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Pace, M. (2010) ‘The EU, US and Political Islam: An Introduction to Strategies for Engagement’, in Pace M.(ed.) Europe, the USA and Political Islam: Strategies for engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, pp: 1-9.

Vidino, L. (2005) “The Muslim Brotherhood’s Conquest of Europe”, Middle East Quarterly, pp: 25-34, available at http://www.meforum.org/687/the-muslim-brotherhoods-conquest-of-europe.

Vidino, L. (2009) “Islamism and the West: Europe as a Battlefield”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, vol. 10, no. 2, pp: 165–176.

El-Ghobashy, M. (2005) “The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers”, Int. J. Middle East Stud, 37, pp: 373–395.

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Houston, C. (2006) “The Never Ending Dance: Islamism, Kemalism and the Power of Self-institution in Turkey”, The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 17:2, pp: 161-178.

Kuran, T. (1986) “The Economic System in Contemporary Islamic Thought: Interpretation and Assessment”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 18: 2, pp. 135-164.

Wittes, T. C (2008) “Islamist Parties, Three Kinds of Movements”, Journal of Democracy, 19: 3, pp: 7-12.

Vahdat, F. (2003) “Post-Revolutionary Islamic Discourses on Modernity in Iran: Expansion and Contraction of Human Subjectivity”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 35: 4, pp: 599-631.

Roy, O. (2004) Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, London: Hurst and Company, Chapter 2 (Post-Islamism)

Hurd, E.S. (2010) “Iran, in search of a nonsecular and nontheocratic Politics”, Public Culture, 22:1.

Fuller, G. (2004) The future of Political Islam, New York: Palgrave McMillan.

Keyman, E.F. (2010) “Polical Islam in Turkey: Running West, Heading East?”, South European Society and Politics, 15: 2, pp: 322 – 324.

Özbudun, E. (2006) “From Political Islam to Conservative Democracy”, South European Society and Politics, 11: 3, pp: 543-557.

Roy, O. (1994) The failure of Political Islam, London: I.B. Tauris.

Simbar, R. (2009) “Political Islam and International System: Impacts and Implications”, Journal of International and Area Studies, 16:2, pp: 107-124 

Skelly, J.M. (2009) Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad: Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions, Praeger.

NOTA BENE: The instructor reserves the right to change the course content at any time during the semester, depending on the needs of the specific students taking the course.

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