Pollution

Pollution is the beginning of a waste into the atmosphere making it impossible to make life on earth possible

to sustain.

Pollution harms the Earth‘s environment and its people in many ways. Land pollution is pollution of the

Earth‘s natural land surface by industrial, commercial, domestic and agricultural activities. Some of the

main contributions to land pollution are deforestation, construction debris, industrial factories etc. Air

pollution is the accumulation of harmful substances into the atmosphere that danger human life and other

living matter on the earth. The number one way to prevent air pollution is to walk or bike more and drive

less. This will prevent fossil fuels from further polluting the air

Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, biological and physical matter into large bodies of water that

corrupt the quality of life that lives in it and consumes it. Oil spills, household chemicals, pesticides and

fertilizers are the major sources of water pollution. The best way to prevent water pollution is to not throw

trash and other harmful chemicals into our water supplies because it causes harm to the rivers and lakes.

With Pollution in life, Earth is becoming disturbed; sooner or later causing dramatic changes in its surface.

Nevertheless, Pollution is simultaneously endangering life in Earth. Pollution is becoming closer to put life

on the threshold of death. These harmful actions have changed Earth, and they continue to do so today.

Although pollution has harmful effects, it has provided us the life we have today; without it, we would not

be here where we are. Pollution is a life killer, but also a life saver.

Technology, each day has been evolving to make this world a better place. Nowadays, technology is being

cleaner to preserve Earth. Also, it has been cleaning Earth through water treatment plants, air purifiers, etc.

Technology will progress over the years to make Earth a healthier living experience. As a nation we have to

learn to respect and salute the environment. We as individuals live in this environment and it our soul

responsibility to take care of it.

Resources can be classified into two types: renewable and non-renewable. The renewable resources can be

generated continuously in nature and are inexhaustible, e.g., wind, water, sun etc.

We must look out for alternative power resources. Among these is the sun, wind biogas and tides which are

available and are sources of renewable energy. They score over the conventional sources of energy and are

inexhaustible and pollution free.

Wind and running water, as sources of energy, were in use long before the conventional sources of energy

like coal, oil, mineral and natural gas came to be used by the masses. Wind and running water were being

used for navigation. Wind mills were used for pumping water and for grinding grains. Such sources of

energy are known as alternative sources of energy which include biogas, solar energy, windmills, atomic

energy, tidal energy and geo thermal energy.

The alternative sources of energy are always very environment friendly and are not at all highly polluting.

This turns out to be an important factor for sustained economic growth.

Use of petroleum and gas is an added source of pollution for our environment. Coal produced by mining

also produces dust particles in the air and moreover mining and handling is a hazardous job.

Fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal damage the ozone layer and also pose danger to human settlements.

The prime advantage of using energy from renewable resources are that they are easily available and has a

never ending supply .Renewable energy can be locally produced and the cost of distribution involved too is

very low and above all they do not cause any harm to the pollution.

Some of the technologies being used today are not environment friendly and tend to create many

environmental hazards. By using the renewable sources of energy the goods produced can be reused and the

goods can be recycled. Therefore we need to take in to consideration and promote alternate technology

resources in which environmental considerations are integrated into the product being made and used.

In the process of engineering the design and integrating the product optimization of energy and material

consumption and conservation and reuse of the earth‘s resources should be the major concern. Environment

belongs to each one of us and therefore all of us have a responsibility to contribute towards its conservation

and protection

Type Of Pollution

Contamination of air is called Air pollution. When poisonous gases or smoke is added in the air, it becomes

polluted. The air gets polluted also by the presence of dust particles. There are several other reasons which

lead to air pollution. Many vehicles ply on the roads each day. All vehicles need some fuel to run like diesel

or petrol. When this fuel burns in the engine, large amount of smoke is released ion the air. Smoke contains

poisonous gases and is very harmful to us and may cause asthma or irritation in eyes.

Many people tend to throw waste in the open and this leads to foul smell. Many flies and insects breed on

them and may cause diseases like diarrhea or malaria. Many factories in the cities have tall chimneys which

let out lot of harmful smoke and this harmful smoke released in the air contains many poisonous gases and is

very harmful to us and is a major cause of air pollution.

Water is the basis of all life on earth. It is available in seas, rivers, lakes and ground water. The ground water

is the major source of drinking water It is found beneath the surface of the earth and is also required by

farmers to irrigate fields.

Water is polluted by many activities of man. Sewage is the major factor of water pollution. The waste

material released from the toilets flows through the sewage. Sometimes this sewage is released into the river.

The water thus gets polluted. The industries or factories also release their sewage. It is called industrial

sewage and contains many poisonous things. When this sewage is released in to the rivers or lakes it kills all

the marine life and sometimes poisonous sewage is released in pits It percolated down and joins the ground

water which we drink All these activities cause water pollution.

Soil is the loose material found on the surface of the earth. It is formed when rocks are broken into pieces.

The soil provides many nutrients to plants and farmers grow crops in soil. When farmers spray insecticides

like DDT to kill insects these poisonous insecticides mix with the soil and pollute it.

Soil erosion is a serious problem nowadays. It means the removal of soil. It is caused by the cutting of trees

and when trees are cut the soil particles become loose and are further carried away by wind or running

water. On the whole soil pollution on this earth is a harmful agricultural practice and in turn aggravates

pollution.

What Are Agricultural Pollution And Its Effects?

pollution refers to the contaminants present in the environment as a result of undeveloped practices. Most

special effects of agricultural pollution are felt in water environments and are caused by excess from farms

in the course of pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste that make their line of attack into bodies of water.

Agricultural pollution also unconstructively affects the quality of air. Chemicals and by-product from the

agricultural industry are quite detrimental to the natural environment and can create a problem for humans as

well. As the world‘s population continues to grow at a significant rate the demand for extreme agriculture

will remain high, and so combating agricultural pollution will be progressively more difficult. With this in

mind, quite a lot of alternatives to industrial agriculture, with its polluting tendency, have been explored and

are being utilized today.

Pesticides used to kill insects that give food to on crops can cause much damage to the environment if used

unsuitably. Avoiding pesticide infectivity is a complicated process only possible through cautious

containment practices.

Excrements produced by animals also are a source of pollution. Emissions from the use of fossil fuels by

tractors and other farm apparatus used in agriculture also have a say to air pollution. Fires, which are not

uncommon on farms, can be very unfavorable to the environment if fertilizer or waste products are being

burnt.

The crisis of agricultural pollution is not merely felt in farming regions. Contaminates in rivers can be

passed all the way to the ocean and polluted air can be blown to other areas with denser populations.

Agricultural pollution poses various human health problems. Chemicals that make their way into

groundwater can sooner or later end up in water sources that are used for drinking. Pesticides at large into

the air and emissions from farm equipment cause difficulty breathing and a multitude of respiratory

problems. Fertilizers, manure, and ammonia that are present in water release nitrogen that reduces the

amount of oxygen present resulting in the demise of fish and other marine animals.

While industrial agriculture is the most well-organized way to produce large quantities of food, the pollution

coupled with it raises many environmental and wellbeing concerns. In light of this, there has been a shift to

organic farming which uses more natural ways to raise crops and farm animals and avoids the use of harmful

chemicals.

The use of substitute crops that require less fertilizer because they are mass-produced to the environment in

which they are grown also help to trim down agricultural pollution

The vehicles such as cars, scooters, auto rickshaws, trucks, buses etc that ply on the road are increasing

drastically on a day to day basis. All these vehicles run on fuel like diesel or petrol. When the fuel from

these vehicles burns in the engine, a lot of harmful smoke is released in the air. In big cities the number of

auto vehicles is very high and thus large amount of smoke which is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain

and dangerous to the lungs is released. Smoke contains many poisonous gases due which lot of people suffer

from dangerous diseases like asthma. It gets difficult for them to breathe. The polluted air even effect‘s our

eyes and causes irritation.

The emission level of all these auto vehicles should be checked regularly. Strict laws should be imposed to

control air pollutions and the guilty should be fined. Old vehicles should be banned as the emission level is

very high. Public vehicles like buses and auto rickshaws should be compulsorily made to use compressed

natural gas. This fuel causes minimum pollution and this has already been made compulsory in metro cities

like New Delhi, Mumbai, etc.

There are many factories in cities, which also causes air pollution and emit a lot of harmful gases like carbon

dioxide and carbon monoxide from the chimneys. They are equally poisonous and harmful to human being

and animals. To avoid this, manufacturing units should be located in industrial estates far away from the

cities and more over tall chimneys should be used because it reduces the effect of air pollutions to the man

kind. Due to the tall chimneys the harmful gases do not come in contact with people and get mixed in

clouds.

Waste accumulation also pollutes the air, when people drop filth in open. Many fly and insects breed on

them and sit on uncovered food which causes diseases like Diarrhea and Malaria. Sometime people burn

waste material, which can be re-use or re-cycled. This practice adds to the problem of air pollution. To avoid

this more trees should be planted, so that people get fresh, clean and more Oxygen. Cutting of tree should be

completely banned.

What Is Air Pollution?

Other planets have sunlight, but the Earth is the solitary planet we are familiar with that has air and water.

Without air and water, the Earth would be not capable to carry on life. A diverse community of plant and

animal life has thrived on this planet for millions of years, continued by the sun and supported by the soil,

water and air. With greater than ever urbanization and industrialization, humans in progress to release more

wastes into the atmosphere than nature possibly will cope with which has resulted in Air pollution.

The occurrence of wastes in the atmosphere of one or additional contaminants in excellence and for long

period is harmful, or tends to be damaging, to human health or wellbeing, animal or plant life. It is the

corruption of air by the release of harmful substances. Air pollution can cause health problems and it can

also smash up the atmosphere and material goods. It has caused thinning of the defensive ozone layer of the

atmosphere, which is most important to climate change.

Modernization and improvement have led to air getting more and more contaminated over the years.

Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the most important factors in

charge for air pollution. The following industries are in the midst of those that give off a great deal of

pollutants into the air: thermal power plants, cement, steel, refineries, petrol chemicals, and mines.

Air pollution results from a multiplicity of causes, not all of which are within human control. Dust storms in

desert areas and smoke from forest fires and grass fires have a say to chemical and particulate pollution of

the air. The source of pollution may be in one country but the collision of pollution may be felt in another

place. The innovation of pesticides, where they have by no means been used, suggests the degree to which

aerial transport can carry pollutants from one place to another.

Since after that, supplementary pollution has been added to the air by industrial, commercial and domestic

sources. As these sources are more often than not found in major cities, the gases that are formed are usually

concentrated in the air around them. It is when these intense gases go beyond safe limits that we have a

pollution problem. Nature can no longer manage air pollution without the hard work of the over-increasing

and existing people.

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution is caused by both natural and man-made sources. Major synthetic sources of ambient air

pollution consist of industries, automobiles, and power production. In indoor environments, tobacco smoke

and burning of solid fuels for cooking are the most important sources. In addition, structure material,

furniture, carpeting, and insecticides can also be noteworthy sources of chemical and biological pollutants

indoors.

Fuel fire is the most important source of a large adds up to health-damaging air pollutants. Air pollution has

both severe and never-ending effects on human health. Health effects range anywhere from minor irritation

of eyes and the upper respiratory system to persistent respiratory ailment, heart disease, lung cancer, and

death. Air pollution has been shown to reason acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis

in adults. It has also been shown to make worse the condition of people with preexisting heart or lung

disease. Among asthmatics, air pollution has been shown to fan the flames of the incidence and severity of

attacks. Both short-term and long-term exposures have also been associated with untimely mortality and

reduced life anticipation.

Health impact of air pollution depends on the pollutant type, its absorption in the air, length of disclosure,

other pollutants in the air, and individual helplessness. In cities, for instance, poor tend to live and work in

most heavily polluted areas, and in rural areas poor are more likely to cook with dirtier fuels. In some

countries, air quality principles tend to be more negligent around industrial areas in cities, where many poor

tend to live in against the law resident settlements. Poor also tend to be more half-starved, more likely to go

through ill health and disease, and have less access to health care.

Although, even at much concentrated levels, air pollution continues to make threats on public health. Several

factors have a say to the worsening air pollution levels in developing-countries, including rapid growth in

inner-city population, increasing industrialization, and rising demands for energy and motor vehicles. Other

factors, such as poor ecological regulation, less resourceful technology of production, jam-packed roads, and

age and poor safeguarding of vehicles, also add to the problem.

A voyage in the right direction to control the air pollution will also reduce its catastrophic impact on the

future generations. You and I share equal liability to save our environment and put an end to the existing

disastrous conditions in the environment.

Effects Of Air Pollution

Air pollution has harmful effects on people, animals and plant-life from corner to corner of the globe. Every

time we breathe in, we take hazardous air pollutants into our bodies. These pollutants can cause short-term

special effects such as eye and throat irritation. More distressing, on the other hand, are the long-term effects

such as cancer and damage to the body‘s resistant, neurological, reproductive and respiratory systems.

Children, due to their size and the fact that they are in the process of developing, are at larger health

associated possibility.

Air contamination is not just a ―metropolis problem.‖ Many air pollutants are discrete over areas hundreds

of miles from their source where they have an effect on many different ecosystems. These pollutants over

and over again remain toxic in the environment for a very long time where they keep on affecting ponds,

streams, fields and forests.

Most air pollution is the end result of energy burning up. In particular, the burning of fossil fuels to bring

into being electricity or power transportation vehicles is the main cause of this serious, but avoidable,

ecological vulnerability.

Motor vehicles are a most important source of air pollution. Emissions from cars and trucks throw in to

international warming as well as causing severe health problems. Extracting, transporting and storing

transportation fuels (gasoline) also pollutes the land and seas.

One noteworthy basis of pollution in urban, suburban and rural areas is the diesel engine. Off-road diesel

powered vehicles, such as tractors and bulldozers, on average emit as much pollution as other automobiles.

Diesel school buses are on the whole intricate problem because they are operated in the surrounding area of

children. Generally, children are at superior risk of health effects from pollution owing to their somewhat

lower body weight and the truth that their organic systems are still on the increase.

Depending on wherever you live, your utility will use some amount of non-renewable fossil fuels to make

electricity. These fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, give off pollution when burned at power generation

amenities. Burning fossil fuels for electricity generation is the single supreme source of air. The electricity

generation process produces many risky pollutants together with nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides,

hydrocarbons, dust, soot, smoke, and other balanced matter. These pollutants affect us and end result is

serious health problems, including early death.

The effects of air pollution are felt in the home, in hastily developing city areas, and across national

boundaries. Current trends are upsetting, but resolute efforts may trim down the grievous affect air pollution

causes on the people.

Air Pollution And Diseases.

The diseases which multiply from one human being to a further human being are known as contagious

diseases. The widespread cold, tuberculosis and whooping cough spread from one person to another through

air. When an infected person coughs or sneezes the germs spread in the air. Always sneeze or cough into a

handkerchief.

Pollution is an unwanted transform in the environment .It is caused by the let go or the addition of toxic

substances in to the air, water or soil which might damage or kill the living organisms. The air surrounded us

is contaminated by the release of smoke from cars, buses, lorries and factories. Some industries too are

inclined to add heavy dust and poisonous chemicals to the air.

Tobacco smoke: contains carbon monoxide; tar and nicotine which increases the risk of life threatening

diseases such as heart attacks and can cause cancer.

Decomposing garbage and open sewers: Decomposing garbage gives out methane and open sewers emit

hydrogen sulphide. Open garbage and sewers are breeding ground for mosquitoes, flies, germs and other

harmful bacteria.

Poisonous gases: from factories and chemical plants cause respiratory diseases.

Acid Rain: When acidic gases dissolve in the moisture in the air, acids are formed. The acids fall on the

earth as ‗acid rain‘ and pollute the fresh water resources.

Mining activities: Rock particles, smelters, coal and mineral dust cause lung and respiratory ailments.

Carbon monoxide and lead: from exhausts of motor vehicles affect the brain and organs like kidney.

Ozone Depletion effect: CFCs destroy the protective ozone layer and let in harmful ultraviolet rays, causing

skin cancer and affecting plant life.

Smoke from Burning fuels and oil rigs: Smoke is a mixture of soot and acidic gases. It causes global

warming and impure air. Smoke contains harmful substances which causes cancer.

Green house effect: Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to industrial activity and burning of

fossil fuels traps more heat, changes the climate, melts the polar ice caps and submerges coastal areas.

Automobile exhaust: is one of the major sources of air pollution in big cities. The exhaust contains carbon

dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, lead, particulate matter and partially burned hydro carbons.

They are called pollutants. All these pollutants are highly harmful to human health.

Asthma is caused by allergic reactions to pollutants in the air. Air pollution may show the way to several

diseases in the human beings such as allergic reaction, asthma and lung diseases. Asbestosis is an allergic

reaction to the occurrence of silica and asbestos in the air.

Plants suck in air in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen. Air pollution can be reduced by planting more

trees in our neighborhood and being concerned of them.

Control Of Air Pollution

Our earth is surrounded by air on all sides. It is invisible and the area covered by air is called atmosphere.

When the air gets dirty and is unhealthy to breathe it is called as Air pollution. The air gets polluted by the

presence of dust particles .Many factors are responsible for air pollution.

Air Pollution can be controlled in the following ways:

The vehicles such as cars, scooters, auto rickshaws, trucks, buses etc that ply on the road are increasing

drastically on a day to day basis. All these vehicles run on fuel like diesel or petrol. When the fuel from

these vehicles burns in the engine, a lot of harmful smoke is released in the air. In big cities the number of

auto vehicles is very high and thus large amount of smoke which is hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain

and dangerous to the lungs is released. Smoke contains many poisonous gases due which lot of people suffer

from dangerous diseases like asthma. It gets difficult for them to breathe. The polluted air even effect‘s our

eyes and causes irritation.

The emission level of all these auto vehicles should be checked regularly. Strict laws should be imposed to

control air pollutions and the guilty should be fined. Old vehicles should be banned as the emission level is

very high. Public vehicles like buses and auto rickshaws should be compulsorily made to use compressed

natural gas. This fuel causes minimum pollution and this has already been made compulsory in metro cities

like New Delhi, Mumbai, etc.

There are many factories in cities, which also causes air pollution and emit a lot of harmful gases like carbon

dioxide and carbon monoxide from the chimneys. They are equally poisonous and harmful to human being

and animals. To avoid this, manufacturing units should be located in industrial estates far away from the

cities and more over tall chimneys should be used because it reduces the effect of air pollutions to the man

kind. Due to the tall chimneys the harmful gases do not come in contact with people and get mixed in

clouds.

Waste accumulation also pollutes the air, when people drop filth in open. Many fly and insects breed on

them and sit on uncovered food which causes diseases like Diarrhea and Malaria. Sometime people burn

waste material, which can be re-use or re-cycled. This practice adds to the problem of air pollution. To avoid

this more trees should be planted, so that people get fresh, clean and more Oxygen. Cutting of tree should be

completely banned.

As the human population is fast increasing, the human race has become more developed, and chemical

wastes have increased dangerously growing each day at high levels in some areas. The ocean, can reduce the

effect on some chemical wastes however, as the amounts of chemicals add to, toxins begin to mount up.

Chemical pollution originates from industrial areas as well as anywhere where there are people. Some

marine organisms come in contact with these harmful toxins, and these toxins unfavorably affects the marine

life and there is a slow down in terms of their population

Oil pollution is another major starting place of environmental harm to the ocean. The thick, sticky oil coats

the fine hair on birds, inhibiting flight and the capability of those feathers to protect the bird. The gills of fish

become blocked with oil, and the fish choke. Marine mammals‘ bodies become coated in oil, and they

cannot maintain their body temperatures. Oil coated marine plants cannot get hold of energy from the sun

for photosynthesis. Oil may also become attentive in sediments for existence and may become on the brink

again in storms.

To further complex this situation, humans in broad-spectrum desire to live near the water. Water provides

recreation, a means of transportation, a source of food, and other wealth. Groundwater aquifers, rivers, and

streams provide the world with drinking water. These water bodies are too often used for sewage disposal.

Access to the water has always been a significant consideration. However, as more people make their home

in coastal areas, the problems of water pollution enhance.

Commercial and recreational vehicles try to win for space and property on and in the water. Gas and oil

from these vessels may by industrial accident trickle into the water. People swarm beaches and many leave

waste behind. Increased structure along the coast leads to greater than before erosion, loss of habitat and

more smash up to the coast during storms as the natural shock absorber zone is ruined.

To keep away from chemical pollution man needs to take charge in person of the community environment.

Man is the most evolved human being on the planet and by desirable quality of his brainpower and aptitude

to revolutionize the natural surroundings; man can produce an environment of his choice and need. What‘s

your choice?

Environmental pollution is defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological

characteristics of air, land and water. Pollution can be natural as well as man-made. The agents or substances

that cause pollution are known as pollutants.

Environmental problem is known to exist in developed as well as developing countries and the problem is

gradually growing day by day since the onset of industrial revolution. Population explosion and urbanization

have made excess use of natural resources and natural wealth and have resulted in nature‘s dreadful

conditions.

The developments and the technical progress in the Industrial revolution have led to increased harmful

effects by pollution on the surroundings. The discovery of oil and its universal use all through the country is

a noted fact that natural resources have been stored practically unharmed in the earth‘s crust from decades

ago.

Due to advancement in man‘s knowledge, man started cutting down forests for construction of buildings for

making paper and for growing food like food grains and oilseeds. Since then all the waste accumulated

during the course of construction of these buildings has caused serious damages in pollution and in depletion

of natural resources.

Combustion of fuels has been far and wide recognized as the major cause of air pollution. There are other

forms of natural resources too which are a cause of grave concern in terms of hazardous pollution

environmentally. Fossil fuels are undoubtedly a major cause of environmental pollution and its effects that

can occur on the environmental pollution have been quite often underestimated.

Pollution is causing a lot of harm to human and animal health, plants and trees as well as the wider

environment and has harshly affected the entire ecosystems and has disrupted the marine life in lakes and

streams and has in major effect cause depletion of the natural flora and fauna.

Our earth has provided us with so many natural resources. Air water and soil are all important for life on

earth. It is our sole responsibility to conserve these resources existing on earth and environmentally most

important for all the people across the masses. Any kind of degradation or defacing spoils the environment

harshly.

Role Of Women In Protecting The Environment.

Women have an integral relation with the environment. Therefore women are essential for any measure

aimed at environmental protection and sustainable development. In fact women have contributed greatly to

the conservation movements in the past.

The best example is the Chipko movement, when women lead by Gaura Devi protested determinedly against

the commercial mistreatment of the Himalayan forests. The issue she led was of saving trees and planting

ecologically appropriate trees.

Elsewhere also, women were active in agitations against deforestation, construction of large dams and

mining activities. All wild animals were nourished with food and protected from intruders by the women of

Bishnoi community. ―Medha Patkar is the leading personality in ‗Narmada Bachao Andolan‘. Arundhati

Roy is also linked with Narmada Bachao Andolan.

Women have always played a significant role in the environmental protection. Furthermore too women can

help control population explosion which has been one of the major factors in environments dreadful

conditions. Women are in the best position to make maximum contribution in family planning.

Women have always played a critical role in meeting household and community energy needs. Inadequate

energy resources and a lack of access to efficient technologies of energy utilization force the people to

depend on their own labour, animal power and bio-mass energy to meet their daily requirements. With

adequate environmental education and awareness women can conserve energy resources far more efficiently

as compared to men.

Women are responsible fro the cleanliness of the household, on which depends the health and wealth of the

family members. With proper education and training one can minimize the experiences and incidences of

most of the water, food and airborne diseases.

Traditionally women were kept away from the powers of decision making. Their unequal access to

education and lack of decision making authority at all levels has lowered their position in the society. As a

result it has had adverse affects on income, nutrition, health, social support networks and domestic

knowledge.

Practically being close to nature, women are always able to realize environmental issues better. Since

women are the prospective users of the facilities, it is necessary to consider their views in planning to save

the environment and implementing projects for the same.

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Social And Individual Initiatives For Environmental Protection

Environment protection is not the responsibility of the government alone. All sections of the society have to

participate in this endeavor. The role of every individual in environmental protection is of great importance

because if every individual contributes substantially the effect will be visible not only at the community, city

state or national level but also at the global level. It is ultimately the society that suffers due to

environmental degradation.

Therefore the society has to play an important role in maintaining environmental standards. It is the

responsibility of each individual to protect the earth and provide conducive environment for itself and

innumerable other species which evolved on the earth. Each individual should change his or her lifestyle in

such a way as to reduce environmental pollution.

If air and water resources in the area are unfit and do not meet the acceptable standards, the people of the

area can organize themselves and force the responsible agencies to take necessary action. If suitable action is

not forthcoming they can under the laws of the land, file a public interest litigation and can get their

problems solved.

Society is made of individuals together. So it is the duty of each individual to see that his/her actions do not

pollute the environment. Each individual must use paper or cloth bags instead of polythene. Use of eco-

friendly products and CFC free refrigerators can help control pollution.

Groups of individuals together can make a huge difference in maintaining environmental standards. For

example, group housing societies can initiate steps for waste management by making provisions for

segregating wastes, taking measures for recycling wastes like making compost pits etc. They can also take

measures for reducing the use of electricity and finding alternative sources of energy.

Saving electricity by not wasting it when it is not required because electricity saved is electricity generated

without polluting the environment. For example, put on warm clothes rather than switching on a heater.

Air pollution especially vehicular pollution can be minimized by adopting car pool method. This will also

save large amounts of money spend on importing petroleum from other countries. Adopting and

popularizing renewable energy sources and promoting reuse and recycling wherever possible will help

reduce the production of waste.

Societies can play a significant role in environmental protection by creating awareness and educating people

about the need to conserve and manage natural resources. Social and individual consciousness if carefully

graded is a step to transformation.

Steps To Be Taken To Protect The Urban Ecology

Problems arising due to the neglect of natural environment can be dealt with at various levels. There are

things that you can do at individual or household level. Then there are things that can be done collectively at

the community level. There are things which have to be addressed at the government level.

Steps that you can take at an individual or household level:

1. Insist that vehicles in your house have regular check ups for pollution.

2. Never wash vehicles with running water, instead use a bucket.

3. Do not pave your house front. Allow grass and shrubs to grow. It will keep your environment less hot.

4. If your near and dear ones are constructing a house, insist on a water harvesting technique to be built in.

5. Switch off fans and lights when not in use.

6. If you are going to buy electronic items buy such brands that are less damaging to the environment.

Steps that you can take at a community level:

1. Children from a colony can urge their parents to install a common vermicomposting system for handling

garbage dumps, which are places that harbor diseases. By segregating your garbage you can do away with

your colonies garbage dump by composting the biodegradable and recycling the nondegradable.

2. People traveling to the same office or locality can have car pools or still better use a public transport.

3. Avoid wastage of paper. Recycle used paper.

Steps that you can take at a government level:

1. Write letters in large numbers to ministers demanding clear river, clean air and so on. Insist that they

spend public money on say water treatment plants rather than on avoidable beautification schemes.

2. Diesel generators are now commonly used for lighting hoardings at bus stops. This results in a lot of

sound and air pollution. Write to the companies and government that they have to install solar powered

illumination rather than diesel generators.

Finally for many problems there may not be immediate solutions. But solutions and alternatives emerge only

when we question our present way of doing things. Solutions will never emerge if we keep doing things in

the same old destructive ways. Just complaining never helps. It only promotes a cynical attitude.

The Disasters Of Fossil Fuels On Environment

The technological meaning of fossil fuels is ―to some extent oxidized and decayed animal and vegetable

materials, particularly coal, petroleum and natural gas‖. The scientific definition of fuel is ―matter that can

be burned or else inspired to produce heat‖.

In our updated western world, fossil fuels provide vast luxurious importance. We get back these remnant

fuels from the ground and under the sea and have them transformed into electricity. Approximately 90% of

the world‘s electrical energy demand is generated from the use of fossil fuels.

There is a growing apprehension on the subject of the teamwork between fossil fuels and ecological

pollution. Debates at the same time as regards this contamination have become ordinary in today‘s attempt

to sustain the earth‘s health.

Fossil fuels are not well thought-out as a renewable energy source and aside from the environmental impact;

the expenditure of retrieving and converting them is starting to demand notice. Seemingly this subject has

many different angles that need to be addressed in order to make certain future generations a sustainable

livelihood and source of revenue.

Proof of the ill effects of fossil fuels is never-ending, and can take on loads of forms. Some forms are not

without doubt seen by the human eye, even though the devastating consequences such as the loss of marine

life can be seen to some extent subsequent to the fact.

Converting fossil fuels may as well result in the buildup of solid waste. This type of growth has a

overwhelming force on the surroundings. Throw away requires satisfactory land space for repression and

treatment, as well as monetary support and monitoring for waste not effortlessly disposed of.

Use of unleaded gas has helped to decrease the let go of lead into the surroundings. Unfortunately for

developing countries, the financial system and machinery available to them is to a certain extent behind

what we are used to. With this in mind many environmental issues are treated at an international level,

which allows for more well-organized treatment.

We have developed into a very energy greedy age bracket and our demands for electricity are very far above

the ground. As far as reducing the harmful affects, we must first shrink our demand.

Science may be able to find substitute, improved sources, although not ones that meet the essential supply.

These types of horrendous impacts are felt worldwide and should not be considered one countries problem.

Sometimes social limitations and/or economic steadiness can make the procedure of change very tricky. One

thing is for sure, that by being more energy proficient and conservative, we will be helping to lessen the toll

on environmental and human health.

Man’s Responsibility To Conserve The Ecosystem

Man owes accountability to his upcoming generation to safeguard natural history for a no of reasons:

1. Ecological value: All living creatures depend on each other for food and continued existence. If man‘s

going-on interferes with the nature‘s systems, organisms will be wiped out and this will have grave

implications on pollination, reproduction, decomposition etc.

2. Economic Value: If forests are wiped out many uncommon and precious species of plants, which have

significant remedial value, may be nowhere to be found forever. Forest and wilderness areas also make

available facilities for eco-tourism. Man must conserve these areas of picturesque beauty for himself and for

the upcoming generation

3. Aesthetic and Ethical Value: Traditions, rituals and spiritual practices of many countries, on the whole

India, hold in the highest regard various aspects of nature, including certain animals, birds and plants.

Hinduism has a deep spiritual association with forests and sacred mangroves. Man must respect these

traditions from the artistic point of view. Although he considers himself to be a ‗super consumer‘ it is

morally wrong of man to abuse nature‘s free gifts. It is ethically wrong of man to abuse nature‘s free gifts to

him without conserving them for future generations.

Suggestions which may help in maintaining the ecological balance:

· Afforestation should be encouraged by planting additional trees.

· To stop the over-exploitation of the wooded area by government contractors for resin, medicinal herbs,

timber, etc., there should be an overall ban on cutting of trees on mountain slopes and in catchment‘s areas.

· Instead of big dams, small dams and hydro-electric power stations can be constructed. For a very small

village a hydro-electric generator can be installed in the water mill.

· Promote horticulture and small-scale industry in the region, which will make available job opportunities to

the local people.

· Promote sulabh sauchalaya and bio-gas plants for recycling eco-friendly material. To reduce the pressure

of the growing population on natural wealth, they should be provided LPG gas, kerosene oil, and solar

cookers.

· Precautionary measures have to be taken to keep away from the chances of forest fires.

There should be a test out on quarrying, mining and blasting operations. Efforts should be made to expand more hill stations as tourist centers in the region to steer clear of the

overcrowding of tourists in the well-known hill stations.

Any kind of enlargement should be in accord with the surroundings, and renewable resources like ground

water and forests should be used at a speed at which they are being replenished by environment

Man And Nature-Then And Now

As part of environmental awareness it is interesting to get a glimpse of the history of man and nature. This

will help you to see how man alone is the cause for the dangers that environmental interference has led us to.

Earliest man depended on nature to help them survive with food and shelter. So they loved mother earth as

goddess earth or Bhoomi mata. They also worshipped the forces of nature –fire, air, rain, the ocean, the sun

and the planets.

Ancient races from Indians of the Vedic age to the Native American Indians believed in the unity of man,

nature and god. They looked on a supreme god as the creator of all the beauty and power of nature. They

believed that the mother earth was the body of the supreme lord. So they lived in great harmony with nature,

respecting all forms of life.

Early Indians lived in forests that sheltered them from the suns and storms and gave them food, fuel for fire

and building materials. Thus our civilization was born in the forests of our country. Our forefathers were

bathed, fed, clothed and brought up by Mother Nature. Later on mighty empires came up but we always

remember that our first in our native land was Mother Nature.

The western idea about nature has changed considerably in the last few centuries. We have began to think

only of ruling the forces of nature. The west has come to believe that we live in a hostile world where

everything has to be conquered and what man needed has to be forcefully taken from nature.

Indians thought of themselves as a part of nature. But the western idea is that the nature only includes lower

beings like plants and animals and that man is separate from nature and superior.

So civilizations all our world began to cut down forests, clear valleys and change the course of rivers to

make mighty empires. Science advanced and man‘s conquest of nature grew. Cement jungles called cities

came up everywhere.

But men were so busy showing their power that they did not realize that they were not only destroying

nature but also destroying precious things that are important for human life on our planet like pure air and

protective layers in the atmosphere that screen out harmful rays from the sun helping us to receive only the

good rays, clean water, rain, forest and good food crops.

Suddenly all over the world people began to realize that something was going wrong in a big way. It began

to rain less in various parts of the world. This happened because man had been destroying thousands of acres

of forests for years. Today the very existence of the earth is threatened by problems of pollution of various

kinds. We made the problem. Therefore we should correct it because only we c

Learning About The Environment Meaningfully.

The role of learning environment is as important as the geographical location where the person is growing.

The richness of materials and expressive learning teaching seems conducive to an enriched orientation

towards ecology. The abundance of nature and the time and space for free exploration is a useful learning

mode. The natural surroundings are vital to sensitized observation making environment awareness a natural

learning from indigenous experiences.

This has to be achieved through frequent visits to the park, zoo supplemented with good literature. A rich

exposure to the wealth of nature and innovative teaching learning modes enables all to be environmentally

sensitive. In the absence of abundance of nature, the familiarity with the flora and fauna and cycles of nature

has to be created through awareness of books and other forms of simulated experiences.

A persons learning has to be meaningful also. With the wide range of living habitats and life patterns the

education for conservation and protection of the environment needs a contextual curriculum. The

environment education has to be in relation with the local flora and fauna along with child-friendly methods.

The relationship between classroom learning and the experiences the children encounter has to be

meaningful.

A child has a different agenda as for him pollution and congestion has no real meaning. Generating a love

for this essence of nature by concrete exercises such as group visits with an excitement for identifying stars

would provide a child stimulating encounters with nature. Discoveries of a few of nature‘s secrets would be

enough to initiate a child- environment relation.

When people live in close proximity with of nature, the free time and the space and the flexibility in

interactions across ages facilitates children‘s natural adventures with the many phenomena in nature.

Humanity is not alone and the earth is one of the issues of the environment movement. Scientific

breakthrough with the power of being able to control and create, giving a short lived vision for success.

Technology and scientific knowledge are not a replacement for the wonder of nature; this progress is a mode

to unravel the wonder of nature and not to tamper with the rhythms and cycles.

Above all by learning about the environment meaningfully it would be half the battle won for laying the

foundation for continued ecological sensitivity. It is the oneness with the earth that would harness people to

revere the bounty of nature.

Government Initiatives For Environment

The central and the state governments own, control and develop a countries forests, dams, major irrigation

systems, power stations, industries, means of transportation, railways, roads, ports etc. The government is

not just the protector of the countries environment but also has a major responsibility for sustaining

environmental conscience.

In India the ministry of environment and forests is the main nodal agency for generating environment

consciousness and making and implementing schemes for environmental protection. The government‘s

environmental policy focuses to check degradation of land and water through wasteland management and

restoration of river water quality programs.

The policy also focuses to provide for conservation of natural resources by direct action such as declaration

of reserved forests, biosphere reserves, wetlands, mangroves, and protection of endangered species. It makes

laws and cats for environment protection and initiates penal measures against those who violate the laws.

The government‘s initiatives are to plan and execute a nationwide programme for the prevention, control of

environmental pollution. It emphasizes to lay down standards for the quality of the environment in various

aspects and for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants from different sources.

To protect wildlife the government of India has set up national parks, sanctuaries, and tiger and biosphere

reserves.

As such the environment has a major role in environmental protection. It is the government‘s duty to find

out ways and means of improving efficiency of existing technologies and introduce new eco-friendly

technologies.

Eco-friendly technologies are based on renewable sources as raw material as well as energy to produce

environment friendly products. For example, to reduce vehicular

Pollution in Delhi, the government initiated the development and use of CNG kits in automobiles instead of

petroleum. This step has reduced air pollution in Delhi to a considerable extent.

In order to minimize the adverse impact of a number of developmental projects on the environment, the

government ensures that an environmental impact assessment is carried out before such a project is started.

These plans are also strictly monitored for compliance.

The government has set up various committees to evaluate the impact of various projects on environment.

Some of the issues which have been hotly debated in recent decades include the importance of constructing

big dams, affect of pollution on monuments like Taj Mahal, protection of wildlife, especially endangered

species like lions, tigers etc. The government also seeks public opinion on certain matters related to the

environment.

Environmental Threats.

Man has made improvement all over the world and this growth and advancement has endangered the

environment in which man is living. Man lay down factories and big industries. The end result is that big

cities came into life form and these cities have to provide accommodation to millions of people for the

reason that they work in these factories.

This place to stay of large people in towns proved expensive to man. The forests were cleared; the trees were

cut down to open new industries. They helped in making the environment dirt free and pure. They caused

rain also. Now large areas are being rehabilitated into desert owing to the shortage of water. These are

droughts and floods. Not only man but natural world also suffers. Man did not only make dirty the air he has

also stained the river water. The waste materials of the industries and factories are thrown into the rivers as a

result making the water contaminated. It affects the animals which drink the water of the rivers. When

forests were cleared, the cattle were left to graze in the open fields. These animals transform the grassy land

into the sandy lands. Industries and factories give off out smokes and gases. These things make the

surroundings so bad that it becomes hard to breathe in the open atmosphere.

Our duty is to tell each person not to toss waste in the water but in the dustbins and to cover up the food and

sweets as it should be so that flies do not stray on it. We should make banners and posters to show everyone.

―Proper covering of the food will help to keep up healthy lifestyle‖ and ―Throw your throw away material in

the dustbin‖ We should tell each and every person not to cut the trees for it will make our earth more

polluted. Not only adult‘s children too ought to realize this problem and help to get to the bottom of this

threat and promote solutions to pull off a green earth and a pollution free life.

So dear friends from now onwards each person should try to safeguard all the natural resources and try our

best to productively help in making the environment clean and pure. In fact there would be need left to deal

with the problem if each one of us starts thinking of eco-friendly unconventional ways of doing things. If

practical steps are taken up sincerely we can look forward to to make some dent in the materialistic

orientation of today‘s world.

The ambiance of every place depends on its illumination system. Lighting can be completed in actual fact

only if you pay cautious thought to lighting accessories and fixtures. Most of us depend on non-natural lights

in our daily routines—to light our homes and offices; to shed light on outdoor areas such as streets,

sidewalks, parking lots, and sports stadiums; and even for electronic signs and billboards used by

advertisers. With no lighting the human race would be very dark past the Sun goes down.

In broad-spectrum, light will for eternity travel in a straight line in anticipation of it hits an object. This

misdirected light provides needless illumination and creates light pollution. Light pollution formed by

extreme and imperfectly intended lighting has unconstructive effects. For example, one structure of light

pollution is light encroaching; in this form of light pollution, not needed light extends without cause—or

trespasses—into somebody else‘s space. For instance, when your neighbor‘s light shines into your bedroom

and keeps you up at night, that light is trespassing in your room.

An additional major form of light pollution is sky radiance, the brilliant, shimmering effect of light from

well-populated areas seen in the night sky. The resulting sky glow creates a lot of negative effects as it

obscures the stars from vision and it diminishes our positive reception of the night sky.

Light pollution also affects flora and fauna. For example, some birds find the way by means of the stars but

cannot do so if sky glow obscures their analysis. However, non-natural lights in the area can puzzle them.

In addition to creating light pollution that affects humans and natural world, too much and badly aimed at

lighting wastes energy. It takes a great deal of electrical energy to power all the lights in the world.

Unnecessary lights that light up in directions that do not call for false illumination, are an ineffective make

use of electricity and throw in without reason to the exhaustion of natural property such as oil and coal. They

also contribute to the upsurge of greenhouse gases in the environment. Light pollution can be reduced by

using more proficient lighting equipment and by on the increase enhanced energy maintenance habits.

These days we are all conscious of energy burning up and that we are supposed to do our best to decrease it

as much as likely not only to save money but also to save our planet from getting contaminated. So, go on

do your bit, switch off those televisions and lights when you are not using them and while your next light

bulb blows, pay money for energy resourceful one.

Solar Power-An Alternate Source Of Energy

As conventional sources of power consume up and the warmth of the planet rises, the need for alternating

sources of energy is becoming more obvious. At the same time as heated debates may be taking place about

the feasibility of clean coal, everyone is in agreement that solar energy will be a most important alternate

energy decision in the future.

There is a lot of converse about the running down of fossil fuels, such as oil, and that the world will run out

of these fuels in the near prospect. One of the main rewards of solar energy is that it‘s not going to disappear

anywhere.

Solar power is the most ‗green‘ energy source in the world. It does not smash up the atmosphere around it in

any way. There are no residues, waste or byproducts of any kind and the process of capturing the energy

does not bring into being any noise pollution.

No one will charge you any money for harvesting the sun‘s power. Once you have setup the solar panels,

you can start converting solar energy into electrical energy for free. Thus you have no doubts of spending a

large portion of your earnings on electrical energy bills.

Solar technology is very suitable. You can unplug the panel and take it with you on a trip. Tiny solar panels

are also obtainable, which you can use to charge your electronic gadgets while you‘re on the move. Solar

power, along with other renewable energy solutions such as wind power, gives us the hope that in the future

days the atmosphere around us will be much less impure.

The cost factor has been something that has mitigated against solar panels. But, with the rapid expansion in

technology and increase in demand, solar technology is becoming more reasonably priced. New

developments have put solar energy on a same level with coal manufacturing plants on a per-kilowatt basis.

Hot water panel equipment has also seen great development in recent years as well, and the reimbursement

times for domestic systems can now be as short as five years.

By altering to renewable energy sources such as solar energy and wind power, you can save manually a lot

of money and leave a superior planet behind than the one you found for your future generation

Marine Pollution

Water has made the earth poles apart from planets. For survival of life, as we know it, water is the most

valuable of substances. Aquatic and marine environments are the homes for an assorted set of organisms.

Without water, these organisms would not carry on to exist. The ocean and aquatic habitats are often

oppressed for these resources.

All the waters in the planet are affected in some way by pollution. The highest mountain streams have been

impacted by acidic rain. Pollutants are added from these mountains starting points and multiply all the way

through the watershed to areas where the rivers flow into the sea. Lakes, groundwater, and wetlands are all

affected by whichever point or non point source greenhouse gasses.

Debris is left behind or not carefully tossed away, chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and oil-based

products seeping into the watersheds from industry and vehicles all crash marine and aquatic environments.

Overspill from highways, parking lots, city streets, bridges, and profoundly inhabited coastal areas are

washed into in close proximity watersheds and add its adverse effects to the ecosystem.

Until something like fifty years ago, most pollution was not seen in our oceans, since it was comprised

mainly of metal and glass, which sink; and paper and cloth, which decompose. Today, pollution is more able

to be seen because many of the man-made objects are prepared of plastics, which are light-weight, strong,

and very long-lasting. Not only do plastics as they are universally created degrade slowly, but some animals

see plastics as food and gulp down on them. In either case, the result is more often than not death.

To set free marine and aquatic habitats from the overwhelming effects of pollution will take teamwork,

collaboration and education. More people need to understand the inter-connectedness of the role humans

play in the ecosystem. Pollution is a large-scale problem. Since this is a acknowledged fact, many

governments and organizations are working together to expand solutions in combating pollution. Most of

this hard work is intense in the marine environment.

Different marine regions are subjected to various and specific brunt factors. The grouping of these factors

under vague conditions in the end defines the ecological state of affairs in a given area Cautious planning of

all future which allows any interested group to have a voice should make certain that developments, such as

marinas or harbors, are managed in such a way that they have little undesirable consequence on the

atmosphere.

Effects Of Marine Pollution

Marine pollution is a diversified term. Several factors have bent the present dilapidated state of the sea.

Sources are numerous but the solutions are hardly any. Because oceans are part of the food chain, marine

pollution affects wide spectrum of species, including humans. Ocean and human life is so inextricably

interwoven that the special effects of marine pollution are severely able to be seen on human life.

Untreated or in part treated sewage waste matter, or in nature rich industrial waste matter such as that from

fish dealing out plants, present a number of problems. Decompose of organic matter causes a drop in

dissolved oxygen, particularly in calm weather and secluded bays. This can cause the death of marine plants

and animals, and possibly will lead to changes in biodiversity.

Effluent, well-off in nitrogen and phosphorus, results in over fertilization, which may cause algal blooms.

These blooms can discolour the water, choke fish gills, or even be poisonous. Pathogenic microorganisms

cause gastric, ear-nose- throat infections, hepatitis, and even cholera and typhoid. Filter feeding flora and

fauna like clams and oysters concentrate pathogens in their gut, so eating shellfish from polluted waters is a

fitness risk.

Oil spills choke plants and animals, preventing respiration. In seabirds and mammals it can be a major cause

of a breakdown in their thermal padding. Chemical toxicity can reason behavioral changes, physiological

damage, or impair reproduction. Oil pollution is an eyesore, and cleanup and consequent disposal of oily

wastes is complicated. Tar balls formed due to the coagulation of oil, water, and other wreckage is washed

onto the shore, causing harm to human and coastal life that relies on the water and beaches for food.

Pesticides, such as DDT, and other persistent chemicals build up in the full of fat tissue of animals. These

chemicals can cause reproductive breakdown in marine mammals and birds. These substances percolate into

water and, in high traffic areas such as harbors and marinas, can have an effect on animal life.

Plastics kill many marine animals. Turtles, for example, often gulp down floating plastic bags, mistaking

them for jelly- fish. Animals are often strangled when they become entangled with plastic debris. Different

parts of the oceans have different inhabitants. Thousands of gallons of water, along with any local species in

the water, are transported by ships in their weight tanks. When the water is on the loose in a different area,

the foreign group in the transported water can take life off local species.

Marine pollution is a well-known problem to most, but the long-lasting effects it creates is a little beyond

doubt to be considered soon.

Noise pollution

Noise pollution is a category of energy pollution in which off-putting, infuriating, or harmful sounds are

without restraint capable of being heard. As with other forms of energy pollution such as heat and light

pollution, noise pollution contaminants are not substantial particles, but to a certain extent waves that get in

the way with naturally-occurring waves of similar type in the same surroundings. Thus, the explanation of

noise pollution is open to dispute, and there is no clear boundary as to which sounds may add up to noise

pollution.

In the narrowest common sense, sounds are well thought-out noise pollution if they unfavorably have an

effect on natural world, human activity, or are competent of destructive physical structures on a customary,

repeating starting point. In the broadest sense of the expression, a sound may be painstaking noise pollution

if it disturbs any ordinary course of action or causes human harm, even if the sound does not take place on a

habitual basis. Prolonged introduction to noise levels higher than eighty-five decibels can damage inner ear

cells and show the way to hearing loss

The customary starting place of fake noise pollution is from transportation. In rural areas, train and airplane

noise can upset natural world way of life, thereby affecting the manner in which animals in areas around

train tracks and airports hunt and mate. In urban areas, automobile, motorcycle, and even amusement noise

can cause sleep interference in humans and animals, hearing loss, heart disease as a result of stress, and in

ruthless cases even mental flux. Even low levels of noise can be maddening or annoying. Sudden increases

in volume can make sounds aggravating – this is why sirens are so disturbing. The quieter the environment,

the sharper a noise can be. As noise levels have risen, the sound effects of noise have become plainer as the

nose on your face.

Although most urbanized nations have government agencies in charge for the safeguard of the ambiance, no

nation has a single body that regulates noise pollution. Transportation noise is more often than not regulated

by the related transportation ministry, health-related work noise is often keeping pace by health ministries

and worker‘s unions, and entertainment noise such as loud music is a against the law crime in many areas.

As the bodies to blame for noise pollution reduction usually view noise as an annoyance rather than a

trouble, and dropping that noise time and again hurts the industry economically, little is at present being

done to trim down noise pollution in urbanized countries.

Noise pollution can unconstructively force disastrous effects on human life. Each and every one knows that

noise can be off-putting, and research has proved this in the past. Children who are out in the open to noise

are brought in contact into being had to impair reading ability and long-term recall. Those working in loud

office environments have been found to be less cognitively motivated, and tend to have higher stress levels.

The most serious problem associated with noise pollution is the disastrous impact it has on our nervous

system and perhaps reduces our response to fight back against the drastic pollution. Due to Noise pollution

one of its major health effects is chronic stress and the high levels of irritation on the hormones associated

with it.

Noise pollution reduces the body‘s response to fight against any bodily ailment and has major health effects

and it becomes difficult to deal with the high level of stress hormones associated with it.

As a result, noise pollution has also been linked with increasing health problems in the society with life

threatening diseases such as heart diseases, high blood pressure and stroke Noise pollution disrupts the sleep

pattern of an individual by preventing sleep and troublemaking sleep cycles. And, perhaps most particularly,

because, noise pollution is a wide-ranging risk to physical condition and wellness. The ear-piercing noises in

most high population cities must in no way be underestimated. The consequences cannot be gauged at an

early stage, but its drastic effects can disrupt in the future for sure.

With sustained introduction to loud noise, the momentary hearing failure can become enduring by a

destruction of the hair cells. Hearing in the higher pitch range is usually affected first. This often results in a

reduction in the clarity of speech, especially in a background of noise. It is easier to hear men, whose voices

are deeper, than women and children.

Your first line of defense in disagreement to noise pollution is to do what you can to be in authority of your

environment, and limit the noise that enters your breathing space. You can limit environmental noise and

blunt the effects of noise pollution if you live in a noisy city or near an airport, you can trim down noise in

your home considerably by installing dual-paned windows, weather stripping, and even added padding. As a

additional benefit, these changes can also trim down your heating and cooling bills, and help the

environment!

Causes Of Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is quiet a cause of death and much community concern has not been created on the

untrustworthy effect of noise on both workers in the industries in particular and the public in the community

in universal. Noise is a significant environmental contaminant that befouls our air, water and soil.

It has the capability to destroy bridges and develop cracks in the buildings. The noise can also cause skin

and mental diseases. It has been exposed that noise is a technology generated problem and the on the whole

noise doubles every 10 years keeping pace with our social and industrial progress.

Environmental pollution has been largely affected due to noise pollution with the rising of the sun each day.

The noise pollution in the different parts of the city increases in and around work places and homes. The

noise levels a peak in the twilight areas when people are off to work hours as traffic too reaches at peak. In

India the problems caused by noise pollution are further provoked in view of the fact that there are scarcely

any celebrations, festivals, marriage or religious functions where there is no use of loud speakers at a very

high pitch for long period of time.

In offices too there is noise pollution owing to the clicking of typewriters, bells, telephones, clattering office

machines and conversations. On the roads noise pollution occurs due to rising no of automobiles each day.

Screeching of tyres, squealing breaks and sirens honking at highest decibels possible are all factors that add

violently and at length to noise pollution.

Blaring televisions, radios and live shows are another major factors contributing t noise pollution in India.

The other most important problem adding to the existing problem of noise pollution is that the profit-making

and the industrial units are either not very far from the inhabited areas or from time to time they are setup in

the residential areas itself.

To meet the demands of the basic requirement of living the structure of highways, buildings and city streets

causes a lot of noise. Air compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks and concrete workers are the major

sources of noise pollution in construction sites. Though, not a most important reason industrial noise adds to

the noise pollution.

Machinery, motors and compressors used in the industries creates a lot of noise which adds up to the

harmful state of noise pollution. Boilers, generators and conditioners add to the previously established noise

pollution. Slowly, unresponsively, we seem to agree to noise and the physiological and psychological wear

and tear that accompanies it as an unavoidable element of our lives

What Is Soil Pollution?

Soil pollution comprises the toxic waste of soils with resources, mostly chemicals that are out of place or are

present at concentrations advanced than normal which may have unpleasant effects on humans or other

organisms. However, soil pollution is also caused by resources other than the undeviating addition of man-

made chemicals such as undeveloped runoff waters, industrial waste materials, acidic precipitates, and

radioactive clash.

Both organic and inorganic contaminants are imperative in soil. Soil pollution is caused by the presence of

synthetic chemicals or other modification in the natural soil background. This type of contamination

normally arises from the split of underground storage links, use of pesticides, and percolation of polluted

surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge

of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents,

pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. This episode of this incident is linked with the degree of

industrialization and intensities of chemical treatment.

Soil pollution can lead to water pollution if poisonous chemicals percolate into groundwater, or if

contaminated overflow reaches streams, lakes, or oceans. Soil also naturally contributes to air pollution by

releasing likely to explode compounds into the atmosphere. The decay of untreated materials in soil can

release sulfur dioxide and other sulfur compounds, causing acid rain. Heavy metals and other potentially

toxic elements are the most grave soil pollutants in sewage. Sewage mud contains heavy metals and, if

functional over and over again or in large amounts, the treated soil may build up heavy metals and as a result

become not capable to even support plant life.

In accumulation, chemicals that are not water soluble contaminate plants that grow on polluted soils. The

greater than ever pollution of the atmosphere has been one of the greatest concerns for science and the

universal public in the last fifty years. The brisk industrialization of agriculture, spreading out of the

chemical industry, and the need to generate cheap forms of energy has caused the constant release of man-

made organic chemicals into natural ecosystems. As a result, the atmosphere, bodies of water, and many soil

environments have become contaminated by a large variety of toxic compounds. These include the hazard of

acute toxicity, genetic changes, birth defects for humans and other organisms. Some of these artificial toxic

compounds are also dead set against to substantial, chemical, or biological dreadful conditions and thus be a

symbol of an ecological burden of considerable amount.

Effects Of Soil Pollution

Soil Pollution was in the beginning defined as the pollution of soil system where by noteworthy quantities of

chemical or other substances, resulted in the turn down of its fertility or output with respect to the yield of

crops. Soil pollution differs from water and air pollution, because the contaminants remain in direct contact

with the soil for comparatively longer periods and hence change the chemical and genetic properties of soil.

The harmful chemicals can also enter the human food chain from land or water plants.

The major sources of pollution of soil include mining, mud, fertilizers, pesticides, composted town refuse

etc. Fly ash generated from thermal power plants, industrial wastes dumped into surrounding land, mining

wastes, non-biodegradable organic pollutants, and industrial sludge‘s etc are the reasons which cause soil

pollution. Commercial and domestic urban wastes consisting of dried sewage sludge as well as trash and

debris materials such as plastics, metal cans, glasses, street sweepings, waste paper, fibers, rubber etc

contribute to soil pollution.

Effects of Soil Pollutants

Different types of soil pollutants have different effect on the nature of soil. Now let‘s look into the effect

caused by each of these pollutants.

a) Synthetic fertilizers: Excess use of fertilizers destroys the microbial plant life in the soil, thus leading to

disturbance of essential processes in soil such as nitrogen fixation.

b) Pesticides are often used to keep away pests which damage the crops produced and often cause soil

pollution as they are mostly non environmental. They take many years to degrade and remain as toxic

remains in soil. They may also enter marine environment through run off after rain and enter the food chain.

c) Industrial effluents: Solid, liquid and gaseous pollutants from thermal power plants, paper, fertilizer, iron,

and steel industry often end up in the soil and cause dreadful conditions of soil due to their toxicity.

d) Urban wastes: wastes generated in urban living areas such as sewage mud, garbage, hospital wastes,

plastic bags etc also are a major cause of soil pollution. These wastes tend to build up in soil, support the

growth of pathogenic life form and cause diseases. Waste material like plastic tends to remain non

biodegradable in soil and affect soil yield.

Effective treatment of household wastes and modern methods of sewage throwing away if implemented, soil

pollution can be taken care of. Formulation of rigorous pollution control legislation and its efficient

realization is also essential and imparting public awareness programmes to educate people regarding the

health hazards of pollution is a must to control soil pollution.

Effects Of Soil Erosion On The Environment

Loss of soil from land owing to the personal property of water and wind currents is called soil erosion. It is a

natural process that transports soil from one location to another. In natural conditions, this progression takes

place in a slow and continuing manner. Due to human being impact the rate of soil erosion is considerably

accelerated. Some of the issues that speed up the process of soil erosion are deforestation, over grazing and

improper or in excess amount of farming practices.

When soil erosion happens very slowly but surely it has negligible effect on the land as an adequate amount

of time is on hand for to substitute with new soil. But accelerated erosion leads to unfavorable special effects

and decreases soil fertility as it diminishes the amount of nutrients. Decrease in soil fertility due to wearing

away leads to decrease in the output of crop and also excellence of crops grown.

Eroding land can show the way to accidents and when soil that shifts and gets accumulated on roads and

streets can block the driving. These effects are common in sloppy and mountain regions. Soil erosion can

reason great damage to environment as greater than before loss of soil can have an effect on the growth of

natural vegetation and in turn this leads to transfer of fertile land into a desert.

Soil erosion leads to confirmation of remains by water currents in water bodies like ponds, which can hurt

marine plant and animal life. The soil sediments can cover up fish eggs present in ponds and prevent their

hatching. Due to erosion soil particles stay on the edge in water and prevent light from reaching marine

plants and have an effect on the process of photosynthesis. Due to gigantic amount of suspended soil

particles in water it retains the heat and raises the water temperature, which affects the living organisms.

Another major shock from the agricultural chemicals that often move with worn residue is that these

chemicals move into, and pollute, downstream watercourses and water bodies. Where inputs of agricultural

chemicals are high – as in the more wealthy nations – costs of removing such pollutants from drinking water

can be extensive.

The harmful effects of erosion, in terms of decreased agricultural yields, are well known in the developing

countries. In erosion-prone areas of the more well-off countries, productivity may be maintained in the short

to medium term by increased fertilizer input. The effects of erosion are thus rarely recognized by farmers in

richer countries. This approach is however infeasible with regard to erosion in developing countries.

Causes Of Soil Pollution

Soil pollution is caused by the existence of man-made chemicals or additional variation in the usual soil

environment. This type of infectivity characteristically arises from the rupture of alternative storage links,

application of pesticides, and percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel

throwing away, leakage of wastes from landfills or nonstop discharge of industrial wastes to the soil.

A soil pollutant is any feature which deteriorates the excellence, stability and mineral substance of the soil or

which disturbs the organic sense of balance of the organisms in the soil. Pollution in soil is coupled with

factors such as:

Haphazard use of fertilizers

Soil nutrients are vital for plant growth and development. Fertilizers pollute the soil with impurities. The

over use of fertilizers reduce quantity of vegetables and crops grown on soil over the Years. It also reduces

the protein content of wheat, maize, etc., grown on that soil. The carbohydrate quality of such crops also

gets tainted. Surplus potassium at ease in soil decreases Vitamin C in vegetables and fruits. The vegetables

and fruits grown on over fertilized

Use of pesticides, insecticides and herbicides

To kill useless insects living on crops farmers use pesticides. Pesticides not only bring toxic effect on human

and animals but also drop off the fertility of the soil.

Dumping of solid wastes

In broad-spectrum, solid waste includes trash, domestic refuse and not needed solid materials such as those

from commercial, industrial and agricultural operations. Since a considerable amount of urban solid throw

away tends to be paper and food waste, the majority is recyclable or biodegradable in landfills. I the same

way, most agricultural waste is recycled and mining waste is left on site.

The segment of solid waste that is dangerous such as oils, battery metals, heavy metals from smelting

industries and organic solvents are the ones we have to pay particular attention to.

Deforestation

Soil Erosion occurs when the worn out particles are dislodged and passed away by wind or water.

Deforestation, agricultural development, temperature extremes, and human actions add to this erosion.

Humans speed up this process by construction, mining, and overgrazing. It results in floods and cause soil

erosion.

Forests hold up many habitats and ecosystems, which make available immeasurable feeding pathways or

food chains to all species. During the past few years quite a lot of vast green land has been converted into

deserts. Deforestation is slowly destroying the most dynamic flora and fauna areas in the human race

Water Pollution

In addition to clean air, all living organisms, animals and plants call for a clean water supply in order to

continue to exist. We may think that we contain lots of water but merely a small amount of it is fresh water

that we can use and day by day we are polluting our water in the same way we are polluting our air.

When harmful substances such as oil and chemical wastes come in the waterways either through accidents

or through being deliberately dumped, they are soon carried away by tides or the flow of the river and are

really not easy to remove. As a river makes its way to the ocean, a number of different chemicals can enter

its waters. Harmful chemicals can enter our rivers and lakes from any number of sources. For example they

can dribble out of dumpsites or pesticides and fertilizers or may draw off from farmlands or they may find

their way into manure that is pumped from local towns and cities.

One of the most destructive forms of water pollution is from oil. Oil spills from ships and oil tankers at sea

cause overwhelming water pollution and harm flora and fauna. These events receive lots of attention on

television and from ecological groups that work towards shielding our mother earth. However these spills

only correspond to a small percentage of the total amount of oil that contaminates our water. Tankers dump

oil into oceans as part of their custom cleaning, refineries pump oily wastewater into surface water and oil

from city streets are washed into storm drains that sooner or later enter our waterways.

When people rinse materials down the drain, flush their toilets or do a load of wash, the wastewater usually

goes to sewage treatment plants to be purified. These plants will then remove dirt, eco-friendly materials

such as food waste and a number of other pollutants before the water reach our waterways. However, most

treatment plants can‘t remove all the chemicals that are used in products such as paint thinners or phosphates

that are used in many detergents and these substances end up passing right through the sewage treatment

plant untreated. Other sources of water pollution include the grime and garbage from the streets that are

washed into storm drains. In most areas these storm drains vacant into underground pipes that will sooner or

later dump directly into our lakes, rivers and oceans.

People all over the world have realized the collision of human activities leading to the

dreadful conditions of the natural environment. Numerous attempts are already being made on a local,

national and worldwide scale. However a lot more needs to be done by each one of us in achieving our

undertaking of environment safeguard

Causes Of Water Pollution

Farmers time and again use chemicals to get in the way to bug infestations or other diseases from damaging

or ruining the crops. Farmers also make use of chemicals to smooth the progress of the growth of the crops.

Either ways these chemicals percolate in to the ground water or run off in to the lakes, rivers and creeks

causing water pollution. The farmer‘s land which is irrigated and treated by means of chemicals in the form

of fertilizers or pesticides is a most important contributor to water pollution.

Industrial processes generate poisonous waste containing heavy chemicals. When heavy metals filter into the

water, they are lethal to marine life. Shellfish and fresh fish are staple set of choices items for people all

around the world. Humans are polluted by the heavy metals ingested by the fish and the shell fish causing

physical condition problems and sometimes death. The heavy metals in the water have also been associated

to severe birth defects, a damaged or covered up immune system, cancer, fertility problems and

developmental troubles in kids.

The building industry is also for the most part at fault for contaminating a huge part of our water resources

with cements, lubricants, plastics and metals. Rivers and lakes are also polluted from silts and remains that

run off in to the rivers and lakes from a range of building sites.

Ground water pollution occurs when chemicals, debris, garbage, oil or other damaging contaminants enter

the ground water supply overtime. Major upheavals such as storms, earthquakes, acid rains, floods and

volcanic eruptions have been known to interrupt the ecological system and contaminate the earth.

The growth of algae owing to food items, urea in the water source is also a cause of water pollution. When

an alga grows in water it uses more than its fair distribute of oxygen, causing other living organisms in the

body of water to suffer. The course of action of pollution begins with tiny organisms that pass through the

food chain through clams, birds, marine creatures and in due course through humans. These types of algae

are known to be poisonous for the reason that they are measured to be causing fatalities in humans. Even

over-growths of non-toxic type of algae can in actual fact block the sunlight from entering the water‘s

surface, which makes it difficult for marine life to find food, sooner or later causing death.

Littering on the land or on the water is an additional source of water pollution. Debris tossed on the land in

due course makes its way into the storm drains and then returns to surface water. Ships and boats

discharging human wastes and chemicals into the water directly are cleanly speeding up the procedure of

water pollution.

Adverse Effects Of Water Pollution

The effects of water pollution are increasingly drawing the environment and human beings as well to feel

the pinch of polluted water. Water pollution affects our, rivers, lakes, oceans and drinking water. With the

increase in population and industrial development, demand for water has increased.

Water is getting polluted when chemicals, harmful contaminants are detected Human beings have the most

crucial impact on our water resources. Moreover the need for water is far more in the society today than the

quantity of water available. Some water pollution effects show up immediately where as others don‘t show

up for months or years.

The water pollution has damaged the food chain and is very important for the food preparation of plants

through photosynthesis When Filth is thrown in water the toxins travel from the water and when the animals

drink that water they get contaminated and when humans tend to eat the meat of the animals is infected by

toxins it causes further damage to the humans.

Infectious diseases such as cholera and typhoid can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. Our

whole body system can have a lot of harm if polluted water is consumed regularly. Other health problems

associated with polluted water are poor blood pressure, vomiting, skin lesions and damage to the nervous

system. In fact the evil effects of water pollution are said to be the leading cause of death of humans across

the globe.

Pollutants in the water alter the over all chemistry of water, causing a lot of changes in temperature. These

factors overall have had an adverse effect on marine life and pollutes and kills marine life. Marine life gets

affected by the ecological balance in bodies of water, especially the rivers and the lakes.

Water pollution effects have a huge impact on the health of an individual and the environment as a whole.

The balance between the nature and the humans can be protected and should be maintained .But t it will take

efforts on all fronts by each and every individual from the society to prevent and eliminate water pollution

locally and globally.

Ways To Control Water Pollution

The crisis of Water pollution is not a new-fangled one. It has been on hand since ages. Clearly the problems

linked with water pollution have the capabilities to disturb life at a individual level as well as on greater

level for the planet as a whole. Government bodies have approved laws to try to combat water pollution,

thus acknowledging the fact that water pollution is without a doubt a serious issue which needs to be

addressed at the earliest. But the government single-handedly cannot get to the bottom of this problem. It is

up to us to be well-versed, in charge and act in view of facts when it comes to the problems we face with

water.

We must become familiar with our local water resources and learn about ways for disposing household

wastes efficiently, so that they do not end up in sewage treatment plants that can‘t handle them or landfills

not planned to accept the dangerous materials.

We must take dynamic participation and straighten out on whether supplementary nutrients are needed

before fertilizers are applied and look for alternatives where fertilizers may run off in to surface waters.

We should care for and take care of existing trees and plant new shrubs and trees to put a stop to soil erosion

and promote penetration of water into the soil. At an individual level around our houses we have got to keep

waste, pet squander, leaves and grass clippings out of gutters and storm drains. These are just a small

number of the many ways in which we as humans by taking remedial action against the water pollution

problem can help battle water pollution. By being conscious ourselves and educating our younger ones and

siblings, we humans can help to battle water pollution.

Global environmental cave in is not to be anticipated. In this fast developing world we need to make sure

that the new developed economies do not add to the world‘s ecological problems. Politicians must think of

sustainable expansion rather than just trade and industry expansion. Although we humans are on familiar

terms with this fact, we disregard water for our recreational purposes, such that our drinking water has to the

highest degree been affected.

If these measures are not taken into consideration soon by each one of us and water pollution continues, life

on earth is going to be affected severely. In short, with the technology that currently exists to combat water

pollution, the years of global mistreatment can begin to be inverted. In order to combat water pollution we

understand the problems and become a part of the solution

Steps To Be Taken To Protect The Urban Ecology

Problems arising due to the neglect of natural environment can be dealt with at various levels. There are

things that you can do at individual or household level. Then there are things that can be done collectively at

the community level. There are things which have to be addressed at the government level.

Steps that you can take at an individual or household level:

1. Insist that vehicles in your house have regular check ups for pollution.

2. Never wash vehicles with running water, instead use a bucket.

3. Do not pave your house front. Allow grass and shrubs to grow. It will keep your environment less hot.

4. If your near and dear ones are constructing a house, insist on a water harvesting technique to be built in.

5. Switch off fans and lights when not in use.

6. If you are going to buy electronic items buy such brands that are less damaging to the environment.

Steps that you can take at a community level:

1. Children from a colony can urge their parents to install a common vermicomposting system for handling

garbage dumps, which are places that harbor diseases. By segregating your garbage you can do away with

your colonies garbage dump by composting the biodegradable and recycling the nondegradable.

2. People traveling to the same office or locality can have car pools or still better use a public transport.

3. Avoid wastage of paper. Recycle used paper.

Steps that you can take at a government level:

1. Write letters in large numbers to ministers demanding clear river, clean air and so on. Insist that they

spend public money on say water treatment plants rather than on avoidable beautification schemes.

2. Diesel generators are now commonly used for lighting hoardings at bus stops. This results in a lot of

sound and air pollution. Write to the companies and government that they have to install solar powered

illumination rather than diesel generators.

Finally for many problems there may not be immediate solutions. But solutions and alternatives emerge only

when we question our present way of doing things. Solutions will never emerge if we keep doing things in

the same old destructive ways. Just complaining never helps. It only promotes a cynical attitude.

Urban Ecology

In the city we try to overcome the problems without addressing the real problems. The main problem is our

mindset. When we face water shortage at home the only solution we think of is by installing a pump for

drawing ground water. We never think as to how groundwater gets collected or even if we know we don‘t

care.

As a result groundwater table has depleted alarmingly, in the last decade and even when water is found the

water is found contaminated. Without allowing replenishment of groundwater we keep withdrawing the

underground water. Rather we pave any bare soil with cement concrete that paves water percolation. Around

our homes we can easily avoid unnecessary paving of bare soil. But we believe that bare soil will increase

dust and dirt around us. If the soil is allowed to remain, in no time, grass will cover the surface. But city

people usually end up paving the surfaces especially in front of their homes.

We have created condition in most cities where on long weekends people escape to the countryside to enjoy

nature. To achieve peace of mind, we escape from the city. Why should this be so? It is because of the way

our cities are developed and our lifestyles.

Whenever it rains, nature intends that some amount of water percolates through the soil to replenish ground

water. But in cities it is an obsession to pave every inch of bare soil fro the sake of beautification. The

pavements do not allow the water to seep into the ground. It rather accumulates forming puddles and pools.

When streets are well drained, they look dry within minutes of the rain stopping. We appreciate and laud the

civic authorities for the excellent designs of the storm water drains. But we forget two basic things which are

the outcomes of this design. The area where the rain falls gets drained off without percolation. The entire water

is taken through storm water pipes and released in to a nearby stream or river where flood conditions get

created where as the city groundwater depletes. So we create scarcity of water in one place and excess

supply of water in another place. Rather if our houses and offices had systems to harvest rainwater, it

would solve the twin problems- the groundwater will get replenished and at the same time flooding of

streams and rivers can be avoided. There is no need to feel helpless…..just need to take some actions

to address the issue

SLOGANS:

"THE NATURE OF OUR FUTURE IS DEPENDS ONTHE FUTURE OF OUR NATURE"

1. Plant trees & plant your health.

2. Reduce air pollution & increase your life span.

3. Air pollution is a ladder to destruction of nature.

4. Prevent air pollution, protect nature.

5. Cutting the trees is as cutting the health.