Polymer Material

8/4/2019 Polymer Material

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COMMERCIAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS

431101 ENGINEERING MAT431101 ENGINEERING MAT



COMMERCIAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS

Commodity plastics

F FF

PE, PP, PVC, PS etc.Specialty plastics

F F F

Engineering plastics




F F

polyacetal , polyamide(Nylon ),PTFE , PC ,polyphenylene sulfide (PPS ),epoxy resins , phenolics




F F





F F




BIOPLASTICS



F

F F F

F



BIOPLASTICS

F

F 3 1. F (starch-based plastics)

- Poly- L- lactic acid (PLLA), Polyglycolic a

- - F F



2. F (bacteria-based plastics)- Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Polhydroxybu(PHB)

- F

- F

BIOPLASTICS



F (soy-based plastics)- 40-55

- F

- F F

BIOPLASTICS



F

THERMOPLASTICSTHERMOSET



THERMOPLASTICS

F F



THERMOSET

( )

F FF



- Polyethylene (PE)

* High d ensity PE (HDPE )* Low d ensity PE (LDPE )

* Linear low d ensity PE (LLDPE )

* Ultra h igh m olecular weight PE (UHMWPE )

- Polypropylene (PP)- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

- Polyamide 6,6 (Nylon 6,6)

F THERMOPLASTICSTHERMOPLASTICS (( ))



POLYETHYLENE (PE)

[CH 2 - CH 2]n

HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE )

LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE)

density > 0.94 g/cm 3

density < 0.916 g/cm 3

density = 0.916 - 0.940 g/cm 3



HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLE



• LDPE Homopolymer•

F F F F ( ), , F F F , ,

F • F ( Air bubble sheet ) F

F F F, F F F F

F F , (Green house )

LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLE



• LDPE COPOLYMER Ethylene Viny

(VA) VA •

•

• , , , F F F

F•

LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLEN



?



Low density polyethylene - Carrierbags and bin liners.

LDPE

Polyvinyl chloride - Food trays, clingfilm, bottles for squash, mineral waterand shampoo.

PVC

High-density polyethylene - Bottles for

milk and washing-up liquids.

HDPE

Polyethylene terephthalate - Fizzy drinkbottles and oven-ready meal trays.

PET



Any other plastics that do not fall intoany of the above categories. - Anexample is melamine, which is oftenused in plastic plates and cups.

OTHER

Polystyrene - Yoghurt pots, foam meat orfish trays, hamburger boxes and eggcartons, vending cups, plastic cutlery,

protective packaging for electronicgoods and toys.

PS

Polypropylene - Margarine tubs,microwaveable meal trays.

PP



-

Epoxy resins- Melamine resins- Rubber ( ) Natural rubber (

)

THERMOSETS ( )



Exhaust gas recirculation on

GDI engines(Aramid, BASF)

Oil module housing inthe new 2.0 litre four-cylinder FSIdirect-injection petrol engine ofVolkswagen and Audi (Polyamide)

AUTOMOTIVESAUTOMOTIVES



Automotive brake booster valve body[Glass fiber reinforced

polyethylene terephthalate (PET)]

“Bi-Xenon” reflector headlamp housingfor Volvo S-80, S-60, V-70 and XC-90

models (high performance polyamide)



Chasis: Epoxy vinyl ester resin

Front and rear: PP,reaction moldable resin

Body panel: PC/ABS, reactionmoldable resin

Truck box: Epoxy vinyl ester resin

Exterior trim: PC, PP, ABS, PC/ABS



Instrument panel: PC/ABS, PP, ABS

Molding and trim: ABS, PC, PP Steering wheel: polyurethane foam

Door panel: PP, ABS

Tyres: NR, SBR, etc.



Long glass fiber filled PP



Hot runner system (injection molding)

for door trim panel (PP) for Renault Me’gane



CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

EPDM coated roofing

(Denver International Airport)

PVC roofing(Conseco Fieldhouse)

EPDM coated AcryliTop(Louisiana Superdome)



“A” shaped GRP (Kevlar aramid fibers sheathed in LDPE)(Aberfeldy footbridge, Scotland)

Glass epoxy rod

(upgrading Manitoba bridge)

FRP composite

(Bridge deck,Illinois)



, : Polyurethane

:

F : PP



F: PE, PB

: PE, PP, PVC, etc.



F: Polyurethane

: Acrylics





/ F : uPVC

: PC



HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)

[CH2 - CH2]n

Properties

- density > 0.94 g/cm 3 - stiff

- good low temperature properties - tough

- good environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR)

Applications

- blow molded containers

- injection molded parts

- extruded pipes and profiles



LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)

Properties

- d < 0.916 g/cm 3 - crystallinity ~ 30-40%

- chemically inert - high clarity - sealability- ease of processing - good barrier properties

Applications

- clarity film packaging- disposable diapers

- agricultural film

- coatings e.g. milk carton, food packaging, tapes, wire & cable

[CH2 - CH 2]n



LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE)

Properties

- d = 0.916 - 0.940 g/cm 3 - high strength

- high ESCR - high toughness

Applications

- blown & cast film for stretch cling (wrap) - grocery bags- heavy-duty shipping sacks - diaper liners

- injection molding lids - rotomold drums

- geomembrane (large extruded sheet-liners for landfills and waste pond)

ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT



ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT

POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE)(MW > 3 millions !!!)

Properties- Not melt, processed by metal processing procedures e.g.

compression molding or ram extrusion

- fine powder - unsurpassed wear resistance, toughness

- chemically inert - low friction coefficient

Applications

- handling, chemical pump parts- feed screws

- textile and other machinery constuction



POLYPROPYLENE (PP)

[CH2 - CH] nCH3

Properties

- d = 0.90 - 0.91 g/cm 3 - Tg ~ -20 oC , Tm ~ 160 oC

- excellent chemical resistance - superior ESCR

- good flowability / processability

Applications

- fibers (apparel, diaper, carpet etc.)

- films (packaging for cigarettes, candies etc.)

- coating (insulation in telephone cable)



POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)[CH2 - CH]

nCl

Properties- d = 0.90 - 0.91 g/cm 3 - T g ~ 7 0 oC

- excellent chemical resistance - superior ESCR

- good flowability / processabilityApplications

- heavy-walled pressure pipe

- thin crystal clear food packaging

- window profile

- artificial leather (plasticized PVC)



POLYAMIDE 6,6 (NYLON 6,6)

[HN - C - (CH 2) 4- C - NH - (CH 2)6] =

O =

O

n

Properties

- d ~ 1.14 g/cm 3 - T g ~ 5 0 oC

- max. service temperature = 120 oC - good chemical resistance

- high strength/good mechanical properties

Applications

- automotive tubing/lines, gas tanks

- impellers/propellers

- fibers: tire cord, tennis string etc.



EPOXY RESINS

CH 2-CHCH 2-[-O- -C- -CH 2-CH-CH 2-]-O- -C- -OCH 2CH-CH 2

CH 3

CH 3 CH 3

CH3

O O

OH

n

H2N-R-NH 2

+

N-R-N

CH 2-CH-

CH 2

CH2-CH-CH2

CH2-CH-

CH2

CH 2-CH-CH 2

OH OH

OH OH

* Note: Structure above is typically used epoxy resins.

Network structure( F )



EPOXY RESINS

Properties

- high toughness

- outstanding adhesion to many substances

- good chemical/corrosion resistance

- good mechanical/electrical properties

Applications

- coatings: automotive primer coatings

- structural: military tanks,

aircraft wing skins,pipe in the oil gas industries, circuit board substrate



NATURAL RUBBER (NR)

Properties- high tensile strength

- good electrical insulation

- good resistance to abrasion, tear and fatigue

Applications

- large tires, vibration mounts, conveyor belts, seals, etc.

cis- 1,4-Polyisoprene

H2C

H3C

CH 2

H

C = C

n

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Polymer Material