an art that’s second nature to me, but don’t be fooled for

God’s sake, don’t be fooled. I give the impression that I’m secure, that all is sunny and

unruffled with me, within as well as without. That confidence is my name and coolness, my

game, that the waters calm and Motivation

Management is nothing more than motivating other people.

- Iacocca

Motivating the workforce is a huge global

challenge.

The presidential palace in Port-au-Prince is seen before and after the earthquake

A Haitian national flag flies at half mast at the collapsed presidential palace as a soldier patrols in Port-au-Prince

If you are not continually learning and upgrading your skills, somewhere, someone else is, and when you meet that person, you will loose.

- Reed Buckley, Author

Giant goals produce giant

motivation.

Often, the reasons people come to work for a firm are not the reasons they leave the firm.

It is important to learn why good employees leave.

If you want people to be motivated to do a good job, give them a good job to do.

- Frederick Herzberg

People leave because with the company’s brand name to support them they can easily get 40%-50% hike in salaries in other places.

- TK Kurian, CEO, Wipro BPO

PERFORMANCE = ABILITY X MOTIVATION

Motivation• The need or

drive that incites action.

• Provides a reason for exerting effort.

Motivation is the set of forces that lead people to behave in particular ways.

Motivation involves a conscious decision to direct effort toward one activity more than others.

MOTIVATION IS THE SELF-PROPELLING FORCESELF-PROPELLING FORCE

WITHIN A MANWITHIN A MAN WHICH KEEPS prompting HIM

TO IMPROVE HIS PERFORMANCE,HIS BEHAVIOUR.

IT IS HIS WILL AND KEENNESS TO ACHIEVE NOT ACHIEVE NOT

WHAT HE IS SUPPOSED TO ACHIEVEWHAT HE IS SUPPOSED TO ACHIEVE BUT WHAT

HE SETS FOR HIMSELFSETS FOR HIMSELF TO ACHIEVE.

-- DR SL DAS

HIGHLIGHTS OF DEFINITION

o WHAT ENERGISES HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

o WHAT DIRECTS SUCH BEHAVIOUR

o HOW IS THIS BEHAVIOUR SUSTAINED

MOTIVATION - BASICS

EVERY HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IS

MOTIVATED

UNDERSTAND WHAT MOTIVATES

PEOPLE

DOES NOT LAST LONGER – NEEDS

REINFORCEMENT.

Motivation is NOT:

• totally susceptible to a supervisor’s control.

• always the same for all people.• the same as job satisfaction.

• simple to understand or apply on the job.

History of the term :

The term motivation can be traced to

the Latin word “Movere” which means “to move”.

What managers must to do motivate people

Join and remain active in the group

Produce dependable behavior

Innovate and adapt to the organization’s changing needs

Recognize that management is not control, but service

Ask, “What will motive people to willingly work toward organizational goals?”

Story: There was once a great war between two countries. On a hot afternoon, a man in civilian clothes was riding past a small group of tired soldiers digging a huge pit, doing a seemingly impossible task.

The group leader was shouting orders and threatening punishment if the work was not completed within the hour.

The man riding the horse stopped and asked, ‘Sir, why can’t you help them yourself?’ The group leader replied, ’I am the leader. The men do as I tell them. If you feel so strongly, go help them!’

The man worked with the soldiers till the job was finished! Before leaving, he congratulated the soldiers for their work, and approaching the group leader said, ‘The next time your status prevents you from supporting your people, inform your higher authorities and I will provide a more permanent solution.’

The group leader was completely surprised. Only now he realised that the man was in fact the army general!

What does a person bring to job?The competent person has the aptitude, ability and self-confidence to do a task.

Willingness involves motivation to focus on the tasks that add value to the organisation.

If you don't jump, you'll never fly. Elize

Can we motivate others?

No, we cannot. People motivate themselves.

What we can do, however, is inspire them to motivate themselves.

We can create a conducive environment which can be motivating.

Inspiration is changing thinking; Motivation is changing action.

Motivation is like fire – unless you keep adding fuel to it, it dies.

Just like food don’t last long, neither does motivation.

Need:

In order to inspire people to motivate themselves, we need to understand their needs and wants.

A need is a deficiency experienced by an individual.

Eg: Less salary, Less marks.

Need – Want – Satisfaction Chain

Need Wants Tension Action Satisfa-ctionGive

rise to Causes While

give rise to

Resilts in

Need create tension that stimulates drives with in the individual. The greater the tension, the higher the effort level. If these effort successfully leads to the satisfaction of the need, tension is reduced.

MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

INDIVIDUAL WORK ORIENTED

MASLOW - NEEDS HERZBERG’S MODEL

ALDERFER’S ERG Mc GREGOR’S X & Y

Mc Gregor XY Theory

Clayton Alderfer ERG Theory

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDSNEEDS

Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of pre-potency.

That is to say, the appearance of one need usually rests on the prior satisfaction of another, more pre-potent need.

Man is perpetually wanting animal.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OFOF

NEEDSNEEDS

• MAN IS A WANTING BEING

• BEHAVIOUR IS MOTIVATED BY UNSATISFIED NEEDS

• HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Abraham Maslow was a Clinical Psychologist who, in 1943 presented this theory. He argued that human beings are wanting animals. They have innate desires to satisfy a given set of needs.

Further more, Maslow believed these needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance, with the most basic need at the bottom of hierarchy.

SA

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDSNEEDS

Your self-esteem must come from doing the work rather than from some hoped-for promotion, pay rise or other reward which may never materialise.

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OFMASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF

NEEDSNEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIC NEEDS OF SURVIVAL

SECURITY

ECONOMIC & SOCIAL

SOCIAL

EMOTIONALLY SUPPORTIVE RELATION SHIPS

ESTEEM SELF I MAGESELF RESPECT/CONFIDENCE REPUTATION

SELF ACTUALISATION

REALISE POTENTIAL/ SELF- FULFILLMENT

SA

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDSNEEDS

General Example Org Example

Achievement

Status

Friendship

Stability

Sustenance

Challenging Job

Job Title

Friends in Work Group

Pension Plan

Basic Salary

The 3 sets of needs at the bottom of the hierarchy are called deficiency needs or basic needs, because they must be satisfied for the individual to be fundamentally comfortable.

The top two sets of need are termed growth needs or meta needs, because they focus on personal growth and development.

SA

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

SA

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHY

SELF-ACTUALISATION

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHY

MOTIVATION OF A SOLDIER

WHEN HE JOINS DURING PEACE DURING WAR

Abraham Maslow estimated that the average person in USA was satisfied 85% of physiological needs, 70% of safety needs, 50% of affiliative needs, 40% in his esteem needs, and 10% in self-actulisation.

IS MONEY A MOTIVATOR ?

IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY……..

MAY BE --- YES

Hertzberg Two-factor Theory

Hertzberg two-factor theory also known as motivation-hygiene theory of motivation was developed by Hertzberg (1959).

He has given two kinds of factors- intrinsic or motivators and extrinsic or hygiene factor.

According to Hertzberg these Hygiene factor/extrinsic factor lead to dissatisfaction whereas motivators/intrinsic factor lead to satisfaction.

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene Factors

Factors related to the job’s

context

Motivators

Factors related to the job’s

content

Hygiene factors or Extrinsic factor

Motivator factors or Intrinsic factor

Supervision Achievement

Company policy Recognition

Working conditions Work it

Salary Responsibility

Interpersonal relationship

Growth and Advancement

Security Challenging job

Motivation FactorsThe motivation factor is the most important of the two sets of factors, because they directly affect a person's motivational drive to do a good job. According to Hertzberg, building motivation factors into a job produces job satisfaction.

When these factors are present, they lead to superior performance and effort on the part of job incumbents. Motivation factors lead to positive mental health and challenge people to grow, contribute to the work environment, and invest themselves in the organization.

When they are absent, the person will be de-motivated to perform well and achieve excellence.

Hygiene FactorsThese factors relate to the context of the job and may be considered support factors. Job dissatisfaction occurs when the hygiene factors are either not present or not sufficient.

They do not directly affect a person's motivation to work but influence the extent of the person's discontent. These factors cannot stimulate psychological growth or human development.

Excellent hygiene factors result in employees' being not dissatisfied and contribute to the absence of complaints about these contextual considerations.

SA

ESTEEM

SOCIAL

SAFETY

PHYSIOLOGICAL

Compare Maslow’s Hierarchy of Compare Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Needs withwith Hertzberg Two-factor Theory

Hygiene Factors

Motivation Factors

To those who say to stop dreaming and face reality, I say to keep dreaming and make reality