Population-based Neuropathology: classification of disease biomarker discovery tool Thomas J. Montine, MD, PhD Alvord Professor and Chair Department of

Population-basedNeuropathology:classification of disease

biomarkerdiscovery tool

Thomas J. Montine, MD, PhDAlvord Professor and ChairDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Washington

Disclosures: Consultant to: Eisai, Amgen, BMSNo off-label medicationsNo medical devices

RiskGenetics

Previous life events Likelihood of initiation or progression

disease in the future.

Actual

Clinical Data degree & character of functional impairment

Normal Mild Impairment

Dementia or Parkinsonian

Laboratory Data disease type &

burdenNone + ++ +++

Chronic DiseaseModel

No Disease

Latency ProdromeFull

Expression

“Laboratory data” can be neuropath, lab med, and neuroimaging

“Clinical data” can be signs, symptoms, and neuropsych findings

Neuropathology of Dementia

Classification of Disease

Risk of disease vs. Actual diseaseExtent vs. Causes of functional impairment

AD

ProteinopathyMito Stress

Glial activationEtc.

Aging, Genetics, Environment

PRODROME

VBI

LBD

DEMENTIALATENT DISEASE

Injury &Response to Injury

Repair &FunctionalCompensa-

tion

Chronic disease model of dementia

AD ≈45%

VBI ≈33%

LBD ≈10%

COGNITIVELY NORMAL



Dementia stageNeuropathology of Dementia


AD




PRODROME

VBI

LBD




tion


AD ≈45%

VBI ≈33%

LBD ≈10%


COGNITIVELY NORMAL

AD




PRODROME

VBI

LBD




tion


AD ≈45%

VBI ≈33%

LBD ≈10%


COGNITIVELY NORMAL

ACTHAASNun StudyOBAS

AD




PRODROME

VBI

LBD




tion

Summary

AD ≈45%

VBI ≈33%

LBD ≈10%

COGNITIVELY NORMAL



• 3 chronic diseases account for vast majority of dementia• Idiosyncratic convergence at all stages of impairment• Progressive aggregate disease vs. functional impairment• Apparent resilience and hightened vulnerability

2012 NIA-AA revised Guidelines for Neuropath EvaluationNeuropathology of Dementia


Isssue 1997 2012Clinical Dx of dementia

required for NP Dx of ADYes No

NP assessment based on Braak for NFTs & CERAD for Neuritic plaques

These plus Thal phase for Ab regional accumulation

NP assessment of commonly co-morbid diseases

Little guidance Explicit

Minimum regions to sample and stains to be used

Silent Explicit

Reporting and CPC Silent Guidelines

2012 NIA-AA revised Guidelines for Neuropath EvaluationNeuropathology of Dementia


LP within 3 wk of cognitive testing

Clinical Lab evidence for AD is rare in cognitively normal volunteers younger than 50 yr-old

≈ 20% of cognitively normal volunteers > 50 yr-old have laboratory evidence of AD• Have poorer cognitive function at baseline• Have much greater risk of converting to MCI

or AD in next 3 to 4 years

CSF tau and Ab42

Volunteers for lumbar puncture: OHSU, UCSD, & UW ADCSpectrum of Normal Cognition to Dementia


Biomarkers


Discovery Tool

Histelide• Molecular-specific regional quantification• IHC


Discovery Tool



Discovery Tool



Discovery Tool


Documents

Population-based Neuropathology: classification of disease biomarker discovery tool Thomas J. Montine, MD, PhD Alvord Professor and Chair Department of