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Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Available online at www.tjeas.com ©2013 TJEAS Journal-2013-3-18/2147-2158 ISSN 2051-0853 ©2013 TJEAS

Population Distribution in Shafaroud Catchment Area

Mohammad Ali Dadashi1, Maryam Talebi2, shahriar sobh zahedi3, Marzieh Mokhtari shahmarvandi4

1. Ph.D. Student of Business Management at Allameh Tabatabai University and Member of the Scientific Board at

Guilan Research Center for Agricultural and Natural Resources 2. Department of statistics, shahid Chamran University, ahvaz, iran 3. Researcher of agricultural and natural resources of gilan province

4. Department of public management, Azad University of anzali international, iran

Corresponding author: Mohammad Ali Dadashi

ABSTRACT: The importance of statistical studies and the study of demographic, economic, social and administrative changes to indicate progress towards sustainable development and administrative goals is not unknown to anyone. The purpose of this study is the evaluation, identification and analysis of demographic, economic, social and administrative changes in Guilan province, Iran, and specifically in Shafaroud Catchment Area, Rezvanshahr city. Materials and methods were provided using descriptive statistics based on library research, official documentats and online resources such as the 1996 and 2006 Censuses of Population and Housing, studies by the Statistical Center of Iran, Guilan Governorate, and the Guilan Organization for Management and Planning. In this study, indices such as changes in the population, literacy and employment rate are examined in Shafaroud Catchment Area, Rezvanshahr city. Keywords: Population Distribution, Statistical Studies, Shafaroud Catchment Area

INTRODUCTION

Basically, population can be studied from two perspectives: One, in terms of the attributes or characteristics of the population; and the other, in terms of population distribution or dispersion. In 1956, the first general census of population in the entire country was carried out by the General Bureau of Statistics. In this year, the population of Guilan was 999,876 and in rural areas, it was 713,598. According to the general census of population and housing in November, 1966, the population of Guilan was 1,291,159. According to the Iranian Population and Housing Census, which is carried out every ten years, the population of Guilan in the years 1976, 1986 and 1996 was 1,581,872; 2,081,032; and 2,241,896, respectively, and finally reached 2,404,861 in the latest cencus in 2006. According to studies, the pattern of population distribution in the catchment areas of Guilan is unbalanced. It seems that a set of factors is involved in creating this imbalance. When services and facilities are packed in large cities, it is natural that people would rush to the cities. In recent years, the increasing urbanization, the necessity of planning for rational spatial distribution of population, and the need for developing specific strategies and models to provide the necessary infrastructure and services, to meet the immediate and future needs of the urban population and to rlatively control the increasing, out-of-hand physical growth and development of large cities, have made it necessary for social and economic programs tailored to such growth and expansion. In this regard, the fertile agricultural areas and natural resources of Shafaroud Catchment Area, besides the famous Shafaroud Storage Dam and demographic changes resulting from future developments were set as priories in the study so that, by understanding the pattern of manpower distribution, the necessary platform to facilitate the achievement of sustainable development in these areas will be provided. Literatuire Review Rafinejad (1995) believes that the human factor is a major influential factor in the degradation and conservation of soil and water; that is why studying the human characteristics and demographic features of these areas have to be taken into account. Saadat (1991) suggests that the major cause of accelerated erosion in catchment areas is human and demographic factors.

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Satterlund (1991), in his study, concluded that watershed management plans should be developed and implemented based on the the culture and traditions of watershed population and the needs of farmers; otherwise, these plans will not succeed in achieving their goals. Hudson (1991) noted that paying attention to socio-economic issues is the reason for success, and the lack of it is the reason for failure, of watershed management plans. Hunt (1993) suggests that migration is a function of the difference between the actual amount of wages, an of employment or unemployment. On this basis, immigrants search for areas that have adequate or high levels of labor market and wage. Therefore, the areas where the risk of unemployment is less becomes more attractive. Amin (1974) suggests that with the departure of migrants from the countryside, the rural labor force and thus the rural production will reduce and this will cause an uneven pattern in the labor force. Zahedi (2004) suggests that the migration of elite rural youth is among the factors that disrupts the improvement of living conditions in rural areas. Javan (2001) states that the patterns of population distribution in the world and in different geographical regions are very unequal, and in some cases surprising, so that of 6.122 billion people of the world in 2000, 4.485 billion peple lived in developing countries (= 79.1%) and the rest lived in developed countries. According to the United Nations’s prediction (1990), 83% of the total world population (= eight billion) in 2025 will be living in developing countries and the remaining 17% will be living in developed countries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Rezvanshahr city with an area of 770. 294 square kilometers has two regions (central and Parehsar), two cities (Rezvanshahr and Parehsar), four districts (Dinachal, Yeilaghi Ardeh, Khushabar, Gil Doolab), 110 villages and 25 rural municipality administrations (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006).

Table 1. the number of towns, districts, villages and inhabited rural settlements divided by regions (2006) Region Town District Inhabited Rural

Settlements All Rural Settlements

Entire city 2 4 107 112 Parehsar Region 1 2 48 52 Central Region 1 2 59 60

Shafaroud Catchment Area extends over the two districts of Khushabar and Yeilaghi Ardeh in the city of Rezvanshahr, Guilan province. In 2006, this area had 41 villages, 863 households and a population of 3,438 people (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006). This study analyzed the population changes of Rezvanshahr city, and of Shafaroud Catchment Area as a case study, during the years 1996 to 2006, using descriptive statistics. The main sources of information included documented and library resources, related books and articles in the libraries of various organizations such as the Management and Planning Organization as well as data from the 1996 and 2006 Censuses of Housing and Population. Determining the location of villages was performed based on national and political divisions and its adjustment with the area under study, in terms of geography and possible changes, was carried out according to census data by the Statistical Center of Iran and using GIS maps provided for this purpose. Demographic variables studied include: population and its development process, population density, population distribution, population movements, composition of the population, literacy rate, and active human resources in the field. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Population Development In November 2006, the population of Rezvanshahr city was 64,574, 31.51% of which libed in urban areas and the remaining 68.49% lived in the country. The urban population was composed of 31,744 males and 32,830 females; hence, a sex ratio of 96.69%. In other words, there were 96 males for every 100 females. Also, 24.13% of the population was below 15, 69.46% was between 15-64 and 6.37% was 65 years old or more (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006).

Literacy In 2006, 81.12% of the total 6-year-old urban population was literate. Literacy rate among the age group 6 to


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10 was 95.17%, in the age group 15 and over was 77.90%, and in the age group 65 and over was 16.40%. In the entire city, literacy rate among males and females was 87.13% and 75.35%, respectively. Literacy ratio among males and females in the towns was 93.33% and 84.57% and in rural areas 84.26% and 17.19%, respectively (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006).

Activity In 2006, of active population in the towns with more that ten years of work experience, 34.19% worked in the agricultural sector, 25.30% in the industrial sector and 39.18% in the services sector. In urban areas, this ratio was 10.06%, 24.82% amd 28.50%, respectively (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006).

Figure 1. Relative distribution of the estimated active population in the towns with 10 or more years of working experience divided

by sectors

Employment In 2006, of the total population of Rezvanshahr with 55,090 people ten years old and over, 22,605 composed the active population, of which 2,844 were unemployed with 100 of them illiterate (General Census of Housing and Population, 2006). Population Density Population density refers to the relationship between the number of people and the space occupied by them. It is defined as the proportion of the population to the surface area. This index shows how many people live per square kilometer. The population density of Rezvanshahr was 76.15 in 1996 and 82.42 per square kilometer in 2006 . Population Distribution Population distribution is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 . Town population and households based on national divisions of 2006 (General Census of Housing and Population,

2006). Description Population Male Femeale Households

The Entire City 46546 31744 32830 16535 Urban Population 64364 10046 10300 5366 Parehsar City 7893 3902 3991 6434 Rezvanshahr City 12453 6144 6309 3336

Rural Population 66664 21698 22530 11169 Dianchal District 72464 9731 10096 4958 Yeilaghi Ardeh District

6574 7647 1317 636

Khushabar District 13427 6614 6813 3353 Gil Doolab District 8456 4152 4304 2222 Unpopulated 0 0 0 0


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Composition of the Population Among other characteristics and quantitative features of population structure is the distribution of the population by age, which makes it possible for any demographic analysis in its real sense, particularly when prediciting the prospects and long-term planning for the future are desirable. In addition, studying the structure of the population is essential in order to manage human resources in social, economic, and cultural contexts.

Table 3 . Comparison of the age composition of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 1996 and 2006. Row Town District Rural Settlement Population 6 years old and more 10 years old and more

1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006

1 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Arkand 7 * 5 * 4 *

2 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Baskeh Masham 90 64 74 58 65 55

3 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar BaNaser 82 33 72 31 57 30

4 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bongah 39 6 31 26 5

5 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bonmanikash 139 124 110 118 84 109

6 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Palakhtar 24 7 22 18 5

7 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khalasht 52 6 45 33 6

8 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khilgavan 49 27 41 24 31 23

9 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Dasht Mian 85 87 71 79 59 73

10 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Sarak 148 171 120 158 101 148

11 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Siahsabil 30 26 27 22 21 20

12 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirbacheh Pir 84 75 69 68 56 67

13 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirva 40 31 35 29 33 29

14 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shishar 68 165 58 152 45 161

15 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Malal 15 33 11 29 9 28

16 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazasht 283 149 249 136 214 142

17 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazmi 37 28 30 26 25 25

18 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Agh Masjed 260 224 211 188 176 171

19 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Ardeh 662 593 562 543 490 513

20 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Bargam 321 217 269 203 233 190

21 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Tatbaloo 27 5 24 23 5

22 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan * * * * * *

23 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charoodeh 154 186 135 169 120 164

24 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Khojeh Darreh 125 138 106 118 97 111

25 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Dasht Daman 0 25 0 24 0 23

26 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Diansar 37 29 30 29 24 28

27 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Roshandeh 377 310 322 275 269 256

28 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Zendaneh 7 31 6 30 6 30

29 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sardarbon 0 4 0 0 4

30 RezvanshYeilaghi Ardeh Sandikeh 14 10 12 10 8


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ahr

31 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sangdeh 46 143 34 128 33 126

32 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Siahlarz 20 78 16 70 13 61

33 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kalan 0 4 0 0 4

34 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kah 73 55 60 54 54 51

35 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Gilyar 7 4 7 7 3

36 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Latoom 102 70 89 68 77 67

37 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Larzeh * * * * * *

38 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Loseh 20 2 14 13 2

39 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Mianrood 116 111 91 100 77 95

40 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Nodeh 180 156 151 143 134 131

41 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Vaskeh 2 11 2 2 7

Total 3822 3438 3211 3072 2743 2976

Sex composition of the population

Table 4. Comparison of the sex composition of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 1996 and 2006. Row Town District Rural

Settlement Population Male Female

1996 2006 1996 2006 1996 2006

1 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Arkand 7 4 3

2 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Baskeh Masham

90 64 51 34 39 30

3 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar BaNaser 82 33 39 13 43 20

4 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bongah 39 6 21 3 18 3

5 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bonmanikash 139 124 66 69 73 55

6 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Palakhtar 24 7 15 5 9 2

7 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khalasht 52 6 29 4 23 2

8 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khilgavan 49 27 24 13 25 14

9 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Dasht Mian 85 87 42 40 43 47

10 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Sarak 148 171 73 88 75 83

11 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Siahsabil 30 26 18 15 12 11

12 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirbacheh Pir 84 75 40 35 44 40

13 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirva 40 31 19 16 21 15

14 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shishar 68 165 33 79 35 86

15 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Malal 15 33 6 18 9 15

16 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazasht 283 149 148 81 135 68

17 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazmi 37 28 18 12 19 16

18 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Agh Masjed 260 224 144 123 116 101

19 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Ardeh 662 593 358 320 304 273

20 RezvanshYeilaghi Ardeh Bargam 321 217 166 115 155 102


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ahr

21 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Tatbaloo 27 5 13 2 14 3

22 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan 0 0 0

23 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charoodeh 154 186 81 100 73 86

24 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Khojeh Darreh 125 138 62 68 63 70

25 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Dasht Daman 0 25 0 11 0 14

26 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Diansar 37 29 21 15 16 14

27 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Roshandeh 377 310 173 158 204 152

28 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Zendaneh 7 31 3 16 4 15

29 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sardarbon 0 4 0 2 0 2

30 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sandikeh 14 10 6 4 8 6

31 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sangdeh 46 143 27 72 19 71

32 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Siahlarz 20 78 9 40 11 38

33 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kalan 0 4 0 2 0 2

34 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kah 73 55 39 30 34 25

35 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Gilyar 7 4 4 3 3 1

36 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Latoom 102 70 48 37 54 33

37 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Larzeh

38 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Loseh 20 2 11 1 9 1

39 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Mianrood 116 111 59 61 57 50

40 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Nodeh 180 156 92 80 88 76

41 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Vaskeh 2 11 1 4 1 7

Total 3822 3438 1963 1789 1859 1649

Table 5 . Literacy rate of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 1996.

Row Town District Rural Settlement Households Population 6 years old and more

Literate

1 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Arkand 1 7 5 1

2 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Baskeh Masham 14 90 74 47

3 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar BaNaser 11 82 72 42

4 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bongah 7 39 31 12

5 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Bonmanikash 27 139 110 60

6 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Palakhtar 4 24 22 14

7 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khalasht 10 52 45 26

8 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Khilgavan 7 49 41 16

9 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Dasht Mian 16 85 71 39

10 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Sarak 23 148 120 81

11 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Siahsabil 5 30 27 20


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12 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirbacheh Pir 13 84 69 45

13 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shirva 9 40 35 17

14 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Shishar 10 68 58 41

15 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Malal 4 15 11 5

16 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazasht 46 283 249 175

17 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Vazmi 9 37 30 18

18 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Agh Masjed 44 260 211 152

19 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Ardeh 129 662 562 327

20 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Bargam 57 321 269 165

21 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Tatbaloo 7 27 24 11

22 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan 0 0 0 0

23 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charoodeh 30 154 135 85

24 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Khojeh Darreh 20 125 106 75

25 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Dasht Daman 0 0 0 0

26 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Diansar 8 37 30 16

27 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Roshandeh 68 377 322 231

28 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Zendaneh 2 7 6 2

29 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sardarbon 0 0 0 0

30 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sandikeh 3 14 12 4

31 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Sangdeh 6 46 34 7

32 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Siahlarz 4 20 16 6

33 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kalan 0 0 0 0

34 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kah 14 73 60 39

35 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Gilyar 1 7 7 5

36 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Latoom 20 102 89 64

37 Rezvanshahr


38 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Loseh 5 20 14 10

39 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Mianrood 20 116 91 54

40 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Nodeh 33 180 151 102

41 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Vaskeh 1 2 2 0

Total 688 3822 3211 2014

Literacy In the General Censused of Housing and Population in 1996 and 2006, all the first-year primary students and students participating in the literacy classes of the literacy campaign have also been considered as literate; and the literacy status is examined for five-year-olds and over. This index is one of most revealing indices of cultural and social progress and development in society.


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Table 6. Literacy rate of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 2006. Row Town District Rural

Settlement Households Population 6 years old

and more Literate

1 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Arkand

2 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Baskeh Masham

14 64 58 36

3 Rezvanshahr Khushabar BaNaser 8 33 31 17 4 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Bongah 2 6 5 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Bonmanikash 29 124 118 70 6 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Palakhtar 1 7 7 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Khalasht 2 6 8 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Khilgavan 8 27 24 12 9 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Dasht Mian 24 87 79 37 10 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Sarak 40 171 158 93 11 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Siahsabil 7 26 22 13 12 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Shirbacheh Pir 19 75 68 43 13 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Shirva 9 31 29 11 14 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Shishar 44 165 152 87 15 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Malal 7 33 29 9 16 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Vazasht 39 149 136 81 17 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Vazmi 6 28 26 16 18 Rezvanshahr Khushabar Agh Masjed 52 224 188 102 19 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Ardeh 155 593 543 288 20 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Bargam 55 217 203 102 21 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Tatbaloo 2 5 22 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan 23 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Charoodeh 44 186 169 84 24 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Khojeh Darreh 27 138 118 65 25 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Dasht Daman 7 25 24 8 26 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Diansar 6 29 29 17 27 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Roshandeh 79 310 275 154 28 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Zendaneh 7 31 30 16 29 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Sardarbon 2 4 30 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Sandikeh 2 10 31 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Sangdeh 39 143 128 48 32 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Siahlarz 21 78 70 37 33 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kalan 2 4 34 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Kohneh Kah 15 55 54 24 35 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Gilyar 2 4 36 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Latoom 22 70 68 38 37 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Larzeh 38 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Loseh 1 2 39 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Mianrood 24 111 100 50 40 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Nodeh 37 156 143 86 41 Rezvanshahr Yeilaghi Ardeh Vaskeh 3 11

Total 863 3438 3072 1644

Employment

Table 7 . Employment rate of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 1996. Row Town District Rural Settlement Households Population 6 years

old and more

Active

1 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Arkand 1 7 4 0

2 Rezvanshahr


3 Rezvanshahr


4 Rezvanshahr


5 Rezvanshahr


6 Rezvanshahr


7 Rezvanshahr


8 Rezvanshahr



2155

9 Rezvanshahr


10 Rezvanshahr


11 Rezvanshahr


12 Rezvanshahr


13 Rezvanshahr


14 Rezvanshahr


15 Rezvanshahr


16 Rezvanshahr


17 Rezvanshahr


18 Rezvanshahr


19 Rezvanshahr


20 Rezvanshahr


21 Rezvanshahr


22 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan 0 0 0 0

23 Rezvanshahr


24 Rezvanshahr


25 Rezvanshahr


26 Rezvanshahr


27 Rezvanshahr


28 Rezvanshahr


29 Rezvanshahr


30 Rezvanshahr


31 Rezvanshahr


32 Rezvanshahr


33 Rezvanshahr


34 Rezvanshahr


35 Rezvanshahr


36 Rezvanshahr


37 Rezvanshahr


38 Rezvanshahr


39 Rezvanshahr


40 Rezvanshahr


41 Rezvanshahr


Total 688 3822 2743 779


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Table 8 . Employment rate of the population in Shafaroud Catchment Area in 2006. Row Town

District Rural Settlement Households Population 6 years

old and more

Employed

1 Rezvanshahr

Khushabar Arkand

2 Rezvanshahr


3 Rezvanshahr


4 Rezvanshahr


5 Rezvanshahr


6 Rezvanshahr


7 Rezvanshahr


8 Rezvanshahr


9 Rezvanshahr


10 Rezvanshahr


11 Rezvanshahr


12 Rezvanshahr


13 Rezvanshahr


14 Rezvanshahr


15 Rezvanshahr


16 Rezvanshahr


17 Rezvanshahr


18 Rezvanshahr


19 Rezvanshahr


20 Rezvanshahr


21 Rezvanshahr


22 Rezvanshahr

Yeilaghi Ardeh Charan

23 Rezvanshahr


24 Rezvanshahr


25 Rezvanshahr


26 Rezvanshahr


27 Rezvanshahr


28 Rezvanshahr


29 Rezvanshahr


30 Rezvanshahr


31 Rezvanshahr


32 Rezvanshahr


33 Rezvanshahr



2157

34 Rezvanshahr


35 Rezvanshahr


36 Rezvanshahr


37 Rezvanshahr


38 Rezvanshahr


39 Rezvanshahr


40 Rezvanshahr


41 Rezvanshahr


Total 863 3438 2976 1463

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The population of Shafaroud Catchment Area was 3,822 in 1996 and it reached 3,438 in 2006; that is, there was a decrease of 384 people in the population. This decrease may be due to the lack of facilities or migration or population control programs. Given this, the population growth rate in Shafaroud area during the ten years of study (1996-2006) was -10.04%. The number of households reduced from 688 families in 1996 to 863 families in 2006; thus, there was an increase of 175 households (25.%) in the population. Given the 10 percent reduction in population during the ten-year period, this may indicate a reduction in the number of households and the effects of population control programs. Human sex ratio (the proportion of women to men) was 51.4% to 48.6% in 1996 and it reached 52% to 48% in 2006 which shows the relative stability of the sex composition of the population during this period in this region. The population of 10 year-olds and over was 2,743 in 1996 and 2,986 in 2006 that shows an increase of 243 people - that is, 8.9%. At the same time, the region's population of people under 10 years old reached 1079 from 462 – that is, a 57% reduction – that indicates an increase in the average age of the region’s population and a decrease of regeneration during these ten years. The total literate population was 2,014 in 1996 and 1,644 in 2006 that shows a reduction of 370 people in the population – that is, 18.4%. This reduction could be due to population decline and the immigration of educated people to larger cities. The total population of employed people was 779 in 1996 and it reached 1,463 in 2006 that shows an increase of 684 employed people in the population – that is, 87.8%. Overall, in 1996, The maximum population of Shafaroud lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=662) and the minimum in Vaskeh (=2). The highest number of households lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=129 households) and the lowest in Arkand, Gilyar and Vaskeh (=1 household). The highest number of literate people lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=327) and the lowest in Arkand (=1 person). The highest number of working people lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=191) and the lowest in Malal (=1 person). And in 2006, The maximum population of Shafaroud lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=593) and the minimum in Loseh (=2). The highest number of households lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=155 households) and the lowest in Palakhtar and Loseh (=1 household). The highest number of literate people lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=288) and the lowest in Loseh (=1 person). The highest number of working people lived in the rural settlement of Ardeh (=189) and the lowest in Loseh and Kohneh Kalan (=1 person). Of the total 41 rural settlements of Shafaroud Area in 1996, the rural settlements of Larzeh and Charan were uninhabited. And in 2006, besides the two above settlements, the rural settlement of Arkand was also uninhabited. The biggest statistical change over the period of 10 years, was an 87% increase in employment, a 57% reduction of


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the population under 10 years old, a10% reduction in population and 25% increase in the number of households. Recommendations Creating the appropriate conditions and building the necessary infrastructure to attract investment from banks, the private sector, and the non-governmental sector. Building and enhancing career opportunities that suit the local conditions in villages. Introducing tourist attractions through designing a comprehensive tourism plan and presenting it in different media Rehabilitating degraded forests and meadows, and the systematic conservation, development and utilization of forests. Automatizing agricultural operations and using new technology. Replacing traditional livestock with improved livestock. Developing aquaculture, fish breeding and releasing on a large scale. Pursuing the construction and development of industrial parks in the region. Organizing the craft market and the economical organization of the crafts. Connecting highland and rural settlements to the main roads. Developing wastewater facilities in villages with more than 200 inhabitants. Developing technical education and vocational training with a tenndency toward labor market needs and in cooperation with related training centers

REFERENCES

Eslah Arabani E. 1995.The Book of Guilan, Rasht: Iranian Researchers Group Publications, Hudson RE.1991. Reasons for success or failure of soil conservation. Hunt G. 1993.Equiblibrium and disequilibrium in migration study modeling regiona. Javan J. 2001. Iran's population and its geographical position. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Keshvardoost F. 2006.The Book of Guilanshahrha. Rasht: Varasteh Publications. Rafinejad K. 1995. Public participation and its role in the watershed management of the upper Atrak Basin. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Sa’aadat H. 1991. Practical methods for public participation in watershed planning and management. Jihad Engineering Services Company. samir A. 1974. modern migration in westen Africa, oxford university. Satterlund RD.1991. Wild land watershed management. Ronald press, New York. The Dictionary of Guilan’s Rural Settlements, General Census of Housing and Population, 2006. Prepared by the Office of Statistics and

Information. Rasht: Guian-Governor’s Office of Planning. 2007. The Website for Guian’s Office of the Governor: http://www.gilan.ir www.grcir.com www.wikipedia.com Zahedi MJ. 2004. The status of villages in the process of national development from the perspective of experts. Iranian Institute for Rural

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http://www.gilan.ir/

http://www.grcir.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

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