POS 2010

PRODUCTION ORIENTED SURVEY 2010

In collaboration with

AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES

and

STATE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE

All India Coordinated Rice Improvement (AICRIP) Programme

DIRECTORATE OF RICE RESEARCH

((Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, AP, India

Correct citation: Directorate of Rice Research, 2011

Production Oriented Survey 2010

All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme (ICAR)

Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Andhra

Pradesh, India

Production oriented survey-2010

Contents

Sl. No States Pages

Summary 1

Introduction 26

1 Andhra Pradesh-1 27



4 Bihar-1 49

5 Bihar-2 52

6 Chhattishgarh 55

7 Gujarat 59

8 Haryana 65

9 J & K-1 80

10 J & K-2 83

11 Jharkhand 86

12 Karnataka 95

13 Madhya Pradesh 103

14 Maharashtra 115

15 Orissa 122

16 Puducherry-1 125

17 Puducherry-2 128

18 Punjab 132

19 Tamil Nadu 138

20 Tripura 143

21 Uttar Pradesh-1 144

22 Uttar Pradesh-2 149

23 West Bengal 156

Acknowledgement 163

Production Oriented Survey, 2010

Department of Plant Pathology, DRR 1

PRODUCTION ORIENTED SURVEY-2010

SUMMARY

Production oriented survey (POS) on different aspects of rice cultivation and farmers

practices was conducted during crop season of 2010 by 23 AICRIP centres in 17 states viz

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattishgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand,

Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Puducherry, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura,

Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. The survey was conducted by the scientists of Directorate of

Rice Research and its cooperating centers located in different states belonging to different State

Agricultural Universities and department of Agriculture (Table 1 and 2). A total of 125 scientific

staff and 73 officials from the different States Department of Agriculture surveyed 129 Districts

in 17 States.

The success of Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on monsoon. Weather influences

agricultural operations from sowing of a crop to the harvest and particularly rainfed agriculture

depends on the mercy of the weather. In India, every year there is a considerable damage by

floods in one part of the country and a drought in other parts. The Indian sub-continent is

predominantly characterized by a tropical monsoon climate and success of kharif crops is highly

dependent on it. There are two monsoon systems operating in the region (a) the southwest or

summer monsoon and (b) the northeast or the winter monsoon. The summer monsoon accounts

for 70 to 80% of the annual rainfall over major parts of south Asia. There is a large variability in

the monsoon rainfall on both space and time scales. Consequently the Indian regions experience

drought or flood in some parts of the country or the other almost every year during the monsoon

period between June-September. According to Indian Meteorological department, during 2010

crop season period, out of 597 meteorological districts for which data are available, 173 districts

(29%) received deficient rains, while 11 districts got scanty falls this season. On the brighter

side, 240 districts (40%) received normal rains and the remaining 173 districts experienced

excess rainfall in the June-September summer monsoon season. For the country as a whole, the

rainfall for the season was 102 per cent of its long period average (LPA) of 89cm. Though June

saw less than average rainfall across the country, monsoon picked up in July and August and

peaked unusually in September flooding many parts of the country. The withdrawal of monsoon

was also delayed by nearly four weeks and the annual rainy season began its retreat only on

September 27. Another interesting feature of this season was the absence of an all India break

monsoon condition. Break monsoon are periods of dry spell after days of continuous rainfall.

Though there had been spells of subdued rainfall activity all through the season in different

spatial and temporal scales, there was no all India break monsoon condition during this year,

according to IMD report.

Predominant rice varieties cultivated by the farmers in different states are presented in

Table 3. The prevalence of different diseases and insect pests in different rice growing regions of

India is presented in Table 4 and Table 5. The diseases like blast (both leaf blast and neck blast),

brown spot, sheath blight, sheath rot, false smut, grain discolouration and bacterial blight are

widely prevalent across different states. Sheath blight has become a major problem in Andhra

Pradesh, parts of Bihar, Haryana, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Puducherry. Similarly, false smut of

rice is widely prevalent in moderate intensities in many parts of country especially on hybrids.



Severe incidence of false smut was recorded in Haryana, parts of Andhra Pradesh and parts of

Uttar Pradesh. Khaira disease due to zinc deficiency was moderate to severe in parts of Haryana

and Madhya Pradesh. Among the insect pests, stem borer, leaf folder and brown plant hopper

were widely prevalent in most of the states. Stem borer was in moderate to severe intensities in

parts of Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. The incidence of leaf folder

was moderate to severe in states like Haryana, Andhra Pradesh and Puducherry. Similarly,

moderate to severe incidence of brown plant hopper was noticed in Haryana and parts of

Puducherry. WBPH was recorded in severe intensity in parts of Haryana. There was increased

incidence of termites and rats in some of the states like Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar.

Andhra Pradesh-1: Five districts viz., Ranga Reddy, Mahboobnagar, Karimnagar, Nalgonda

and Khammam were covered in this part of Andhra Pradesh. Almost all the districts surveyed in

the state received excess rainfall (25-48%). The occurrence of excess rains during kharif and rabi

predisposed the rice crop to a number of pest and diseases. In addition, persistent high humidity

with less sunshine hours was the limitation to raise the productivity in wet season crop. But a

significant impact of the monsoon was that a larger area has been brought under rice cultivation

particularly in canal and tankfed areas. Most predominant varieties cultivated in this region were

BPT 5204, HMT Sona, JGL 384, JGL 1798, MTU 1010, Kavya, Tellahamsa, MTU 7029, MTU

1001 and IR 64. The major cropping sequences were rice-rice, dhaincha-rice-rice, greengram-

rice-rice, rice-maize/jower, rice-groundnut, rice-rice-vegetables and rice-fallows. Farmers are

applying fertilizers @ 100-190 kg N, 40-60 kg P2O5 and 20-40 kg K2O per hectare. Many

farmers are also applying FYM. Farmers are using complex fertilizers like 18-46-0, 28-28-0, 17-

17-17, 19-19-19/ 20-20-0 and 16-16-16. Some of the farmers also applied zinc sulphate. Most of

the farmers adopted zig zag method of transplanting. In Khammam and Nalgonda some of the

farmers (10-15 %) are making alleyways for every 2-3 meters as a part of BPH management.

The intensity of common weeds was low to medium and about 80-85% of the farmers are using

herbicides like oxadiargyl (60%), butachlor (50%), anilophos (30%) and pretilachlor (25%).

Most of the insect pests like BPH, WBPH, stem borer, gall midge, leaf folder were found in low

to moderate intensities. Rice hispa was severe in some parts of Ranga Reddy district. Panicle

mite was noticed in low to moderate intensities in Khammam, Nalgonda, Karimnagar and

Warangal. Among the diseases, false smut was severe (up to 50%) in some places in Khammam,

Nalgonda, Karimnagar and Ranga Reddy districts. Grain discolouration was severe in some parts

of Nalgonda.

Andhra Pradesh-2: Production Oriented Survey (POS) was conducted in East Godavari and

West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. The popular varieties in these districts are Swarna

(MTU-7029), Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba mahsuri (BPT-5204), Badava

mahsuri (PLA-1100), Cottondora Sannalu (MTU-1010), Prabhat (MTU-3626), Vijetha (MTU-

1001), MTU-2716 and IR 64 and of which Swarna (MTU-7029) occupied nearly 80 per cent of

the paddy area in these two districts. The newly released varieties like MTU- 1061 and MTU-

1064 were predominant in low lying areas like Achanta, Poduru and Palakollu mandals of West

Godavari where submergence is a problem. Short duration rice varieties like MTU-1010, MTU-

3626 and IR-64 were sown for seed purpose to be sown in rabi season. The common crop

rotations were paddy-paddy, paddy-paddy-pulse, paddy-pulse, paddy-sugarcane, paddy-paddy-

maize, paddy-maize and paddy-fodder. The inputs like seeds, pesticides and fertilizers were

adequate. Seed is obtained from APSSDC, farmer to farmer, Co-operative societies and Research



Stations. Pesticides and fertilizers were purchased from the local pesticide dealers. Machinery

like combined harvester, transplanter and drum seeder used for direct sowing were used

wherever their availability was there. Nearly 10 per cent of the farmers used different types of

paddy transplanters (manually operated, Kubota, Yanji sakthi and Yanmar type). Private

companies introduced the transplanters as well as combine harvesters during peak season where

as drum seeder was supplied by the Department of Agriculture. Drying and storage facilities

were inadequate. Almost all the farmers took threshing of paddy on the roads. Majority of

farmers sold the produce immediately after threshing as the produce was discolored due to crop

lodging and soaking in rain water. Very few farmers applied farmyard manure. Most of the

farmers applied complex fertilizers as top dressing. The use of phosphatic and potassium

fertilizers was satisfactory but some farmers applied excess nitrogenous fertilizers. The fertilizers

like DAP, 20-20, 10-26-26 and 14-35-14 were used by majority of farmers. Among diseases,

bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight were moderate to severe and other diseases like false smut

were found in low to moderate level. Among insect pests, stem borer, leaf folder, panicle mite

and brown plant hopper were observed in low to moderate level. Rat damage was severe in

almost all the areas and on all the varieties sown. Farmers took protective measures like

bromadiolone baiting, traditional butta trap, burrow fumigation and passing electricity around the

field for control of rodent pest. Post harvest losses occurred due to heavy rains received after

crop harvest and when the crop was spread as heaps for drying. Even the big heaps were soaked

before threshing resulting in grain discolouration and even germination in some cases.

Andhra Pradesh-3: The predominant varieties grown in the zone included Swarna (MTU 7029),

Samba Mashuri (BPT 5204), Sona Mashuri (BPT 3291), Srikakulam Sannalu (RGL 2537),

Vijeta (MTU 1001), Cottondora Sannalu (MTU 1010) and Jagityala Sannalu (JGL 1798).

Varieties like Jaya, Super Jaya, Pooja, KRH-2, NLR 34449 and MTU 1061 were grown in some

pockets. Among these, Pooja is particularly preferred by some farmers in Patapatnam mandal of

Srikakulam district and Jaya was grown at specified locations in all the three districts surveyed.

The weather condition in the north coastal zone during kharif 2010-11, was erratic with 4

cyclones during crop growth period. Impact of cyclones was observed both during the tillering

stage, flowering and grain maturation stage of crop growth. Majority of farmers felt that there

was a min. of 4-5 bags to a max. of 10-15 bags loss in yield due to the erratic monsoon and

cyclonic rains (Table 3). Lodging was observed during grain maturation stage in addition,

germination of non dormant varieties was observed leading to yield loss. In general, a 40%

excess rainfall is recorded during kharif 2010-11. Rice is the predominant crop in the zone with

80.06 % cropped area under paddy in Srikakulam district (Table 4). Paddy cultivation in

Visakhapatnam and Vizianagaram constitute 49.67 and 38.04% of the total cropped area. Due to

excess rainfall both from south west monsoon and cyclonic rains during kharif 2010-11, increase

in paddy area over the previous year was recorded in all the three districts surveyed. Although,

farmers went for delayed sowing and transplantings, an increase of 56.56, 22.53 and 9.44 per

cent area was recorded in Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam districts. The farmers‟

preference for varieties varied with the district. Swarna (MTU 7029) is the most popular variety

in Srikakulam district occupying 30.10% of the paddy area (Table 5), followed by BPT 5204

(24.98%) and MTU 1001 (15.05%) whereas, in Vizianagaram, Sona mashuri (26.0%) is the

leading variety followed by MTU 1001, Swarna and BPT 5204. However, in Visakhapatnam,

Srikakulam Sannulu is preferred by majority of famers (31.5%) over Sona mashuri, Samba



mashuri and Swarna. Cumulatively, Swarna and Samba mashuri are the most popular varieties

occupying a major area in the north coastal zone.

Bihar-1: Production oriented survey was conducted in three districts of this region of Bihar viz.,

Vaishali, Samastipur and Muzaffarpur during Kharif, 2010. During the survey period, crop was

in dough stage in all the three districts. The farmers were mainly sub-marginal to marginal. The

varieties grown in the state were Swarna, Sugandha, Prabhat, Subhashini, Vaidehi, Sita, Kasturi,

Jaya, Pusa Basmati 1, Satyam, Dhanlakshmi, BPT 5204, MTU 7029, Kanak, and Rajendra

Swetha. The prevailing cropping practice was rice-wheat. Farmers mainly used their own

resources and depended on private institutions for different inputs and equipments. The common

needs of farmers of various districts were good quality seeds, fertilizers, equipments, storage,

drying facilities, marketing facilities and subsidy by state government on diesel, fertilizers and

other inputs. Among biotic constraints brown spot, sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight

and false smut were observed in the fields. Among the insect-pests, leaf folder, stem borer, BPH,

mites, termites, rats and rice case worm were common. Farmers applied fungicides like Bavistin,

Dithane M-45 and hexaconazole and insecticides like Folidol and imidachloprid. The fertilizer

application consisted of 80-120 Kg N, 60 Kg P2O5 and 30 Kg K2O/ha and if available, farmers

used vermivompost. Many farmers followed random method of transplanting. The weed

population was in general low to medium. Rainfall was moderate in the region. The main source

of irrigation was canal and underground water.

Bihar-2: Production oriented survey was conducted in three districts in this part of Bihar when

most of the rice crops were in milk to grain filling stage. The weather conditions were not

favourable for rice cultivation and there were reports of drought or drought like situations in

many of the places visited. The commonly grown varieties were Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Sonam, IR

64, BPT 5204, Swarna (MTU 7029), Rajendra Kasturi, Nati Mahsuri, Rajendra Sweta, Sita,

Saket 4, MTU 1001 and Sudha among the HYVs and Hybrid 6444, Hybrid Goraknath and

hybrid 6201 among the hybrids. The common crop rotations were rice followed by pulses like

gram or lentil, oilseeds like linseed and vegetables like potato. The intensity of common weeds

was in general low to moderate and most of the farmers practiced only manual weeding and

herbicide application was very less. There was scarcity of most of the inputs in majority of the

places visited. The incidences of biotic constrains like brown spot, sheath blight, neck blast and

false smut among the diseases and insect pests like BPH, mealy bugs and stem borer were

recorded in low to moderate intensities. Many farmers applied various pesticides to control

different pests and diseases.

Chhattisgarh: Production oriented survey was conducted in five districts of Chhattisgarh viz.

Bastar, Dantewada, Bijapur, Narayanpur and Kanker during kharif 2010 when the rice crop was

in dough to maturity stage in the month of October and November, 2010. The major cropping

system in the region was rice-vegetables. The most popular varieties grown in the region were

HYVs like MTU 1001, MTU 1010, IR 64, Swarna, HMT and Hybrids like PA 6444, PA 6129

and KRH-2. Most of the farmers are growing the local varieties like Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka,

Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Mehar

dhan, Chitari, Loctimajhi and some of the scented varieties like Badshabhog and Dubraj.

Farmers adopted both direct sowing and ransom method of transplanting. Weed infestation was

medium to high and almost all the farmers followed one or two hand weeding and none of the



farmers used weedicides. Most of the farmers did not use FYM or fertilizers in the nursery seed

beds. In the main fields also only urea, DAP and IFFCO fertilizers were used as basal dose and

some farmers applied 25-50 kg/ha of urea as top dressing (2 splits). However, many farmers did

not apply P2O5 and K2O. Only few farmers practiced the application of FYM based on the

availability. Among the biotic constraints, low to moderate level of blast, neck blast, brown spot

and false smut and few incidences of sheath blight were reported. Pests like stem borer, leaf

folders, brown plant hopper and gall midge were recorded in low intensities and only few

farmers adopted plant protection measures. Farmers expressed the need for timely availability of

fertilizers and pesticides, implements, drying facilities and power for different agricultural

operations.

Gujarat: Production Oriented Survey in rice growing areas of eleven districts viz, Ahmedabad,

Anand, Bharuch, Dang, Kheda, Navsari, Panchmahals, Surat, Tapi, Vadodara and Valsad was

conducted. Twenty seven taluks and fifty six villages were covered under survey. The Kharif

season of 2010 witnessed little late (last week of July) but well distributed normal monsoon

(61days) with the total rainfall of 957.7 mm which was more than the average of last 30 years.

Predominant varieties cultivated were Gurjari, GR-11, GR-4, Mahsuri, Jaya, GR-7, GR-12, GR-

101, GR-103, GAR-13, Narmada, Moti Gold, Sonam, Varsha, Kabir, Kaveri, Sonam Surekha

and Radha and hybrids like Arize-6444, Gorakhnath, PA-6201 and Suruchi. Prevailing crop

rotations were rice-wheat-rice, rice-sugarcane, rice-gram, rice-banana, rice-vegetables, rice-rice,

rice-tobacco, rice-pearl millet, rice-wheat-Summer Green gram and rice-Indian bean. In general

the rice crop condition was good all over the state. The productivity trend is maintained but

unseasonal rain during maturity and harvesting stage damaged the crop. Among the biotic

constraints the infestation of insect pest like leaf folder, stem borer, WBPH, BPH and army

worm was recorded in negligible to low intensity. During early stage of crop growth, infestation

of army worm was noticed. Among diseases bacterial blight appeared negligible in few fields.

Blast, grain discoloration, sheath rot were low to moderate and severe in few fields, false smut

and white tip nematodes were also negligible to low incidence.

Haryana: Roving surveys in paddy growing areas of 11 districts in Haryana were conducted

during August-October, 2010. A total of 110 villages (10 in each district) were surveyed in the

district of Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jind, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula, Panipat,

Sonepat, Fatehabad and Sirsa. The commonly grown varieties were PR 114, Sabnam, PA 6444,

Pusa 44, HKR 47, HKR 127, PR 113 among the HYVs; hybrids like RH 257, PA 6129, Royal

Bhog (Pepsi), hybrid 9235, PHB 71, hybrid 748, Hybrid Nitya, PHB 77, hybrid 721, hybrid 404,

Reshma, hybrid 3325; Basmati varieties like Taraori Basmati, Pusa Basmati-4 (Pusa 1121),

CSR-30 and Pusa Basmati-1 and local varieties like Samban. Application of weedicide, random

planting inadequate plant population raising of nursery in unpuddled fields and rice-wheat

sequence were common in all the district. Mixed application of fungicides with insecticides for

foliar application and that of granular insecticides with urea as broadcast application was

commonly followed in all the districts surveyed except Panchkula. Weedicides like Sofit,

Nominee gold and insecticides viz. endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were also applied by some

farmers in nursery. Seed used for raising the nursery of one acre of high yielding and Basmati

varieties were quite low (4-5 kg) as against the recommended seed rate of 10-12 kg/acre. The

seed treatment was followed by 50,70,60,40,60,80,40,50,20,50,& 50% farmers in Kaithal,



Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jind, Panipat, Sonepat, Yamunanagar, Ambala Panchkula, Panipat,

Fatehabad and Sirsa district, respectively. In general, the rainfall was above normal in most of

the surveyed districts particularly Yamunanagar, Ambala Kurukshetra and Karnal. An

exceptional heavy rainfall during July 5-7, 2010 coupled with movement of water from adjoining

areas resulted in flood at Rice Research Station, Kaul, which caused a severe setback to the

nursery and transplanted crop. However, it helped in raising the water table by 8-10 feet in the

flood-affected areas.

The main constraints identified in increasing rice production in Haryana were depletion

of water table, limited water resources, inadequate and intermittent power supply, erratic

monsoon in the form of excessive rains leading to flood and damage to nursery, direct sown and

transplanted paddy in certain parts of the state particularly district Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal,

Yamunangar, Ambala and Sirsa, poor quality of underground water, deterioration in soil health,

sub-optimal plant population, salinity and alkalinity and continuous practice of rice-wheat

cropping system in addition to biotic constraints particularly WBPH, BPH, sheath blight and

bacterial blight. Bacterial leaf blight was recorded in severe form at one location each in the

district of Kurukshetra, Karnal and Jind in hybrid PA 6129, CSR 30 and Sabnam, respectively.

False smut was recorded in low to moderate intensity in 10, 10 40 and 30% sites in Kurukshetra,

Jind, Ambala and Panchkula district, respectively. However at one location each in the districts

of Panipat and Yamunangar, the smutted panicles ranged between 85-90% and 55-60% in PA

6129 and PA 6444, respectively. Leaf and Neck blast appeared in low to moderate intensity in

variety CSR 30, Pus Basmati-4 and Pusa Basmati-1. The neck blast incidence remained below

12% at all the location except one in district Karnal where the disease incidence ranged from 15-

20% in variety CSR 30. Foot rot and bakanae ranged from trace to 6% at

30,40,50,90,10,10,10,40,80,20 and 10% location in the districts of Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal,

Jind, Ambala, Yamunangar, Panchkula, Panipat, Sonepat, Fatehabad and Sirsa, respectively.

Maximum diseases incidence of 6% was recorded in variety Pusa Basmati-4 and CSR 30 in

district Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat and Yamunangar, respectively. Sheath blight was observed in

low to moderate intensity at 20,30,20,20,40 and 30% places in the district of Jind, Ambala,

Panchkula, Sonepat, fatehabad and Sirsa, respectively. Sheath rot was observed at 10, 20 10 and

40% locations each in the district of Kurukshetra, Panckhula, Panipat and Fatehabad with a

diseases incidence ranging from trace-3% in hybrid PA 6444, PA 6129, hybrid Nakul, hybrid

Sugandh 999, Sikander 333, Pusa 44, PR 114, and Pusa Basmati-4. Stem rot incidence was

observed in, moderate to severe form at one location each in the district of in Kaithal and

Panchkula where its incidence ranged from 10-15% and 30-35%, respectively in Pusa Basmati-1

and hybrid 1316, respectively. Other diseases namely, grain discolouration, brown spot, and

narrow brown leaf spot, leaf smut, kernel smut/bunt and chlorsis were recorded in low to

moderate intensity at few locations. However Khaira (Zinc deficiency) was recorded in

moderate to serve from at 10, 10, 30 and 10% locations in district Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat and

Sirsa in Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa Basmati -4and Pusa Basmati CSR 30.

Jammu & Kashmir-1: A survey on rice scenario was conducted in three districts, namely

Pulwama, Anantnag and Kulgam of J&K State during Kharif 2010. The crop was at heading to

maturity stage during the time of survey. Maize and rice were the only two crops grown widely

in Kharif season. The non-availability of high yielding cultivars of rice, weedicides, fertilizers

and pesticides particularly at higher reaches were responsible for lower productivity in these



districts. Zinc deficiency occurred at few places of Marhama, Sirhama, Mattan, Shelipora and

Isoowagan regions in Anantnag district. Farmers grew seed from their previous crop that consists

of a number of local and few improved varieties. The impact of pests and diseases remained at

low during the current season.

Jammu & Kashmir-2: A production oriented survey in rice crop was conducted in a hilly

district Rajouri and in some plains of Jammu district of J&K State during kharif-2010. The

varieties like K-39, K-343 and Giza-14 were still found to be the preferred varieties in Rajouri

while a revolutionary change was pragmatic in Jammu district whereby every farmer was keen to

replace their age-old customary varieties of rice to the new high yielding hybrids. But with the

unusual onslaught of false smut disease devastating many rice fields, growing hybrid varieties in

Marh and Bhalwal blocks, there remains a big challenging task before its adoption in full spirits.

A few progressive farmers had even left growing hybrids of paddy in view of the alarming rise in

the incidence of false smut. Weather for the year in both the districts remained most favourable

to escape with the many diseases and pests and made the crop flourish till a heavy downpour and

hailstorm wrecked the basmati crop in particular and thereby losing yield even to the maximum

extent of 80 per cent. Many farmers in Jammu were constantly getting the improvised seed from

nearby Punjab state, but without testing their reliability in local agro-climatic conditions. Even

farmers in Rajouri district were demanding the high yielding rice varieties that could thrive well

in their subtropical and high altitude temperate areas. Use of fertilizers in many surveyed areas

was not encouraging. The declining supply of potash and the late and erratic supply of DAP may

seriously affect the soil health in near future. Many rivulets (irrigation channels) feeding almost

the entire fields in Rajouri district, required to be repaired and reconstructed as there heve been

damages due to heavy rains that lashed the state during this year.

Jharkhand: Production Oriented Survey in paddy growing areas of Jharkhand was conducted

during summer-2009-10 and kharif, 2010. Six districts (Ranchi, Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, Gumla,

Lohardaga, and East Singhbhum) covering 53 villages from 19 blocks were surveyed. The

survey was conducted during tillering / milky/ dough/ mature stages of the crop. General climatic

conditions and rainfall in all surveyed district was erratic or below below normal (Drought) as

far as paddy cultivation was concerned. Due to late monsoon rain, transplanting could not be

done timely. Most of the farmers reported that the rainfall was very erratic and low during the

crop season and therefore, there was only about 30-35 % rice cropped area where transplanting

was done and rest of the area became fallow. Most of the area (about 90-95%) of the districts is

monocropped (rice). Rice is mainly grown as rain fed crop with extremely limited life saving

irrigation facilities through wells and ponds. Some progressive and marginal farmers procured

seed from private dealers, Birsa Agricultural University (BAU), Ranchi. and Zonal Research

Station (BAU) and KVK. The main source of irrigation was pond, well, and rivers. Only 8-10

per cent area of surveyed districts of Jharkhand had irrigation facility. Very few progressive and

marginal farmers were ready to adopt new technologies and recommendations in Ranchi,

Hazaribagh and East Singhbhum. The common needs of the farmers were creation of irrigation

facility like ponds, canal and bore well, loan from bank, electricity supply, good quality seeds of

short duration varieties, fertilizers and pesticides at reasonable price, availability of tractor,

power tiller, diesel pump, spraying machine etc especially on hired basis and easy availability of

kerosene oil. The prevailing crop rotation followed were rice-fallow, rice-wheat, rice-mustard,

rice-chickpea, rice-pea, rice-vegetable (tomato/ brinjal/ pea/ cauliflower) and rice–rice. FYM or



cow dung was used in limited quantities in nursery as well as main field. Fertilizers were applied

@ 30-80 kg N ha-1

, 10-30 kg P2O5 ha-1

and 0-30 kg K2O ha-1

. Some farmers (about 5-6%) in the

surveyed districts used potassic fertilizer. Most of the farmers reported that they do not apply

chemical fertilizers in traditional varieties of rice in almost all the above surveyed districts of

Jharkhand. The method of transplanting was random and average plant population was 25-33

hills/m2.The average grain yield of traditional variety, HYVs and Hybrid ranged from 8-1.2 q/ha,

15- 20 q/ha and 30-40 q/ha, respectively.

The predominant weeds were Cyperus Spp., Echinochloa Spp., Panicum Spp., Euphorbia

hirta, Celosia, Spp., Phyllanthus Spp., Cynodon dactylon, Eclipta alba, Amaranthus Spp.

Commelina Spp., Eclipta alba and Agiratum conizoides etc. in kharif season and Xanthium

stumarium and Oxalis spp. in summer rice. Very few farmers applied weedicides like

pretilachlor or top star (2,4-D) or butachlor @ 1.5 to 2.0 kg a.i./ha as a post emergence for

management of weeds. Two hand weedings was common practice of the farmers in most of the

surveyed area of the state. Rate of adoption of plant protection measures against insect

pests/diseases/weeds among farmers was limited i.e., 4 to 5% only in survey districts of

Jharkhand. Among biotic constraints, diseases like brown spot was most serious disease

particularly on local tradition varieties or upland rice whereas, blast and grain discolouration

were also recorded in medium to severe intensities in HYVs and Hybrids, False smut was in low

to medium intensities in HYVs and Hybrids. IR 64 was susceptible to blast (medium to severe

intensity) in some places of Ranchi. Some farmers used fungicides like indofil M-45 (25%) or

carbendazim (0.1%) or Saaf (0.2%) or hexaconazole (0.1%) for management of above diseases.

The most common insect pests were stem borer, case worm, Gundhi bug, BPH, gall midge and

leaf folder. Some farmers used insecticides like choloropyriphos (2 ml/lit of water),

monocrotophos (1 ml/lit.), Rogor (1 ml/lit.), cypermethrin (2 ml/lit.), trizophos (2 ml/lit), phorate

10G (5-6 kg/ha) or carbofuran 3G (10-15 kg/ha) for management of above pests. Some farmers

reported that putting of Sindwar (Vitex negundo) leaves/twig or Karma or Velwa twig in the

main field of rice at panicle initiation stage helps to check the attack of insect pests. They also

reported that putting of maize cob near the main field of rice crop also helps to check the attack

of insect pests in paddy. The farmers also reported damage by rats in rice both in the field as well

as in the store houses to the extent of up to 2- 3 per cent in the surveyed districts of Jharkhand.

Karnataka: In Karnataka Production Oriented survey was conducted during kharif, 2010 by

multidisciplinary team consisting of Pathologist, Breeder, Agronomist and Soil Scientist in nine

districts viz., Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga, Mysore, Chikkamagalur, Dharwad, Tumkur, Dakshina

Kannada and Udupi. The crop was at heading to maturity stage at the time of survey. The rainfall

was normal and the climatic conditions were favourable for rice cultivation. In general, the rice

in these districts is grown under irrigated condition. Canals were the main source of irrigation.

The major cropping practices in the region were rice-rice, rice-pulses, rice-vegetables, rice-ragi,

rice-sugarcane and rice-maize. The main varieties grown in these regions were BR-2655, Jaya,

Thanu, MTU-1001, MTU-1010, IR-64, IR-30864 and Jyothi. The weed infestation was medium

to low and the common weeds were Echinochloa colona, E. crusgalli, Cyprus sp., Marsilia

quadrifolia etc. Zinc deficiency was commonly observed in all the districts. Among biotic

constraints blast, neck blast, sheath blight, sheath rot, udbatta (first time observed in BR-2655),

false smut incidence in hybrids and improved varieties like Palguna, stem borer, leaf folder and

hispa were observed in moderate intensity. The Seed replacement rate achieved during 2010-11



is around 40 % in the state which is comparable with other crops. More emphasis is given for

mechanization to overcome the crisis of agricultural labour. Mechanical transplanter is gaining

popularity and covered an area up to 1 lakh ha and combined harvesters are being used in larger

area.

Madhya Pradesh: Production Oriented Survey of rice was conducted in eight districts viz.

Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Shahdol, Umaria, Anoopur, Katni and Panna districts of Madhya Pradesh.

The weather conditions during crop growth period were extremely abnormal because there were

no good rains in the month of June. The rainfall was restricted in the state ranging from 10 to 70

mm in the month of June. Therefore, direct sowing of unsprouted seeds or lehi (Sprouted seeds)

sowing was delayed in rainfed ecosystem in the state. There was long dry spell in the month of

July. The farmers have sown the seeds in the nursery in the month of June but due to late rains in

the month of August the transplanting was very much delayed. It was observed that due to late

rains in the month of August the direct sown area of rice was unsown or replaced by black gram,

green gram or sesame. The transplanting of hybrid rice or improved varieties were undertaken by

the farmers having assured irrigation in Rewa, Katni, Panna and Satna districts but the farmers

could do direct seeding of rice under rainfed or partial irrigated area of Shahdol, Umaria and

Anooppur district. It was observed that approximately 55 to 60% yield losses occurred in the

surveyed area due to poor rains and severe drought.

There was heavy rainfall (1500 mm) in Jabalpur, Balaghat, Damoh and western part of

Madhya Pradesh and central districts. Therefore, both direct seeding and transplanting were

performed well in rainfed and irrigated ecosystems. It was observed that even 35 to 45 days old

seedlings were planted in the irrigated area but under rainfed it was unsown and serious losses

occurred. This year rice area was diverted into pulse crop viz Soybean, Urad, Moong, Jowar,

Bajra and Til in Rewa, Satna ,Sidhi , Panna and Katni districts due to delayed and poor rains.

The predominant varieties in the state were PA6201, PA 6444, PHB71, PAC 801, Loknath, and

PRH 10 among hybrids and HYVs like IR-36, IR-64, IR 50, Govinda, Vandana, Pusa Sugandha

3, Kranti, HMT, Pusa Sugandha 5, Basmati, Lochai, Sonam, JR-75, JR 201, Sabnam, Winner

and Champion. It was noted that rice hybrids are being popularized by the private sectors and

government agencies in the state and therefore, the farmers are taking keen interest to grow

hybrid rice and benefited by obtaining the grain yield ranging from 50 to 70 q/ha over improved

varieties (25-40 q/ha) under irrigated ecosystem. With regard to hybrid rice adoption Rewa,

Satna and Sidhi districts covered maximum area (approximate 15 to 20 %) by the progressive

and medium farmers under irrigated ecosystem whereas, Shahdol, Panna, Katni and Anooppur

districts have less adoption of hybrid rice ranging from 10 to 15 %.

The predominant cropping system in the state was rice-wheat, rice-gram and rice-pea,

rice-lentil, rice-berseem, rice-fallow and rice-barley is commonly practiced in Anooppur Shahdol

and Umaria districts where light poor soil is predominant and very poor irrigation facilities are

available The major source of irrigation is bore-well followed by open well and canal

irrigation. The rice productivity in the state was very low (1.7 to 2.3 t/ha) due to dominance of

local extra early and medium poor yielder varieties, low fertilizer application, poor irrigation

resources, poor plant protection measures and poor socio-economic status of the farmers.

However, it was noted that the progressive, medium and marginal farmers having irrigation

facilities have adopted the cultivation of hybrids and obtaining the grain yield ranging from 60 to



75 q/ha. The farmers are demanding the extra early high yielding varieties (90 to 100 days

duration) and early hybrids looking to the poor rainfall scenario for last five years. The farmers

are not satisfied with the efforts of the department of agriculture for un timely seed supply,

fertilizers and poor quality pesticides in the region. The availability of improved seeds, irrigation

sources and equipments were inadequate where as fertilizer, and pesticides are satisfactory. The

storage and drying facilities were either inadequate or not available The specific needs of the

farmers were seeds of improved variety in time, paddy thresher, sprayers, duster, cono weeder

and rotavator and paddy transplanter.

It was observed that weed infestation was very high in rain fed ecosystem and causing

heavy economic yield losses as compared to transplanting system. It was estimated that

approximate 35 to 40% yield losses was occurred due to weed infestation and farmers are facing

a lot of problem to combat the losses due to heavy investment in manual weeding and labour

crisis. Very few progressive farmers are using weedicide like butachlor, Web super and Almix. It

was noted that application of laundrex power weedicide @10kg/ha at the time of transplanting in

Shahdol district effectively managed the post emergence weeds. Zinc deficiency was commonly

noticed in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Shahdol and Panna as compared to Katni Umaria and Anoop pur

districts. In regard to incidence of pest and diseases, it was noted to be low due to poor rainfall

and un favorable microclimate. However, leaf blast, brown spot, khaira, false smut, sheath

blight, seed discoloration, WBPH, case worm, leaf folder, army worm, gundhi bug and termite

infestation were noticed in the surveyed area in low moderate intensities. WBPH, neck blast and

army worm were appeared this year in moderate severity and caused considerable yield losses.

WBPH attack was reported in all the surveyed area and secretion of honey dew caused damage

in panicle initiation and developed chaffy grains. Rat infestation was observed in paddy fields,

threshing floor and storage in all the surveyed area in traces.

Maharashtra: Production oriented survey was conducted in four districts viz., Thane, Raigad,

Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg of the Konkan region during Kharif 2010, when the rice crop was in

dough to maturity stage. Ninety per cent of the farmers of Sindhudurg district grew Hybrid

varieties of rice. The regular monsoon rains were commenced on 5th

June 2010. In general the

weather conditions were ideal for the rice crop growth up to dough stage. There were heavy rains

in the month of November causing heavy losses in grain yield up to 30% in the region. In some

areas the grains were germinated on panicles in the fields before harvest. In some places

harvested rice crop was fully dipped in water for two to three days resulting in germination of

grain in the fields. The late rains also reduced the quality of grains, germinability of grains and

the quality of straw. In the Konkan region kharif rice is grown as rain fed crop. Most of the

formers of this region have grown high yielding varieties viz., Karjat-3, Karjat-2, Karjat-184,

Karjat-4, Karjat-5, Karjat-6, Karjat 7, Ratna, Jaya,Ratnagiri-2, Ratnagiri-24, Ratnagiri-1,

Ratnagiri-711, Palghar-1, Gujarat-4, Gujarat 11, Gujarat-17, Phondaghat-1, Sonam, Shriram,

Swarna, Sweta, Trupti, Mahsuri, HMT Sona and hybrids like Pusa RH-10, Sahyadri, Sahyadri-2,

Sahyadri-3, PA-6444 and PA6201. The varieties such as Jaya and Sahyadri are mostly grown for

puffed rice. The varieties viz Panvel-1, Panvel- 2, Panvel -3, Jaya, Kalarata and Bhurarata were

grown in saline soil. Local varieties like Kolamb, Zinni, Bhadas, Patni, Bela, Valai, EK- 70 etc.

were also grown by some farmers for their home consumption. The seed replacement ratio in the

region was satisfactory and more than 90 percent farmers replaced their seeds of improved

varieties after every three years.



Prevailing crop rotation in the region were rice-fallow, rice-pulses, rice-groundnut, rice-

rice and rice-vegetables. Farmers use maximum seed rate for local varieties @ 80 to 90 kg/ha, 50

to 60 kg/ha for high yielding varieties and 20 kg /ha for hybrids. Farmers were aware of

importance of FYM or organic manure but it was not available in adequate quantity. Urea was

most commonly used by the farmers and very few used Suphala (15:15:15) & fertilizer mixture.

About 80 per cent farmers adapted random transplanting while 20 per cent farmers followed

either line transplanting or rahu (sowing of germinated seed) sowing. Average plant population

was 25 to 33 hills/sq m with 3 to 7 seedling/hill and 1 to 2 seedlings/hill in case of hybrids and

locally called as „Ek Kadi Bhat‟. In the month of April and May, farmers practiced the burning

of respective area before nursery preparation and application of organic matter (Kaul dry grass,

and thin layer of dung cakes) known as „Rab‟ most widely adapted in the region for weed

management in nursery. Hand weeding was a common practice adopted in the region for

removal of weed in rice nursery as well as in main fields. Only few progressive farmers use

selective weedicide for weed management in drilled rice. Commonly observed weeds in the

region viz. Echinochloa crusgallis,E. colonum, Cynadon dactilon,Cyperus rotundus, C. irria,

Iseilema globusa, Daunea pinnatifolia,Digitearea arvensis, Alternathra triandra, Cylosia

argentina,Ericaulon hexagularis,Physalis minima,Commelena bengalensis, Hydrocotyle spp.

There was epidemic of bacterial blight of rice in the villages Karjat, Khalapur, Pen, Uran talukas

of Raigad district. The incidence of BLB caused reduction in total number of effective tillers/hill

with less number of filled grains /panicle. Approximately up to 30 % losses in yields were

recorded. The diseases like leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight false smut, neck blast,

and sheath rot were noticed during survey. There were combined infection of BLB and neck

blast observed in some villages of Bhiwandi, and vikramgad talukas of Thane district. Heavy

infection of leaf blast, node blast, neck blast, & grain blast were observed on wild rice locally

called as‟ Deo bhat‟ grown around the ponds in Thane District. This may serve as primary source

of inoculum of blast. Incidence of sheath rot and false smut were observed in Sindhudurg district

only on hybrids. Stem borer, Brown plant hopper, Case warm, leaf folder and ear head bug were

observed at low to moderate intensities. Rat damage was observed during milky to dough stage.

There were up to 5% losses during transportation after harvest during transportation of rice crop

and 1 to 2% losses during storage. Farmers were in need of hybrid seeds at subsidy rates, power

transplanters, harvesters, threshers (due to shortage of laborers), sprayers, dusters, drum seeder

and cono weeder on low cost basis. They were also in need of fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides

at proper time at subsidy rates, crop loans at low interest rate and training on the use of

weedicides.

Orissa: In Orissa, production oriented survey was conducted in 2 districts viz, Barogarh and

Sambalpur. The weather condition during the crop growth period was normal. The survey was

conducted during maturity stages of the crop. Prevalent rice varieties grown by the farmers were

MTU-1010, MTU-1001, Swarna, Pooja, Rajlaxmi, and Pratikshya. The crop rotations practiced

by the farmers were rice-mustard-rice, rice- rice-fallow and rice-vegetable-rice. The use of

chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were followed by the farmers though they

have not followed the recommendations. Major biotic stresses like blast, sheath blight, sheath rot

and BLB were recorded in low to moderate intensities. Common insect pest problems observed

in low intensity were stem borer, leaf folder, brown plant hopper (BPH) and WBPH. Some of the

common needs of the farmers were availability of labor, timely availability of fertilizers and

pesticides, irrigation water, marketing, good storage facility and quality seeds.



Puducherry-1: Production Oriented Survey was conducted in two regions of the Union Territory

of Puducherry viz., Puducherry and Yanam. Puducherry region is situated about 160 km south of

Chennai. Yanam region is situated on the East Coast of Andhra Pradesh bounded on all sides by

the East Godavari District at a distance of 870 kms from Puducherry. The popular varieties in

Puducherry region are CR 1009, I.White Ponni, ADT 39 and ADT 43 and that of Yanam region

are Swarna (MTU 7029), Cottondora Sannalu (MTU 1010), Samba Mahsuri (BPT 5204) and

Bondalu (MTU 3626). The main cropping sequences in these regions were rice-rice-rice and

rice-rice-pulses. Canals, wells, tanks and filter points were the main sources of irrigation. Among

the inputs, seeds, pesticides and fertilisers were adequate. Machineries like combine harvester

and transplanter were in use in Puducherry region while the same were not in use in Yanam

region. But, the same shall be put into use if awareness is created among the farmers by means of

demonstrations. Drying and storage facilities were also inadequate. The use of phosphatic and

potassic fertilizers was satisfactory but some farmers applied excess nitrogenous fertilizers.

Straight fertilizers, DAP, 17:17:17, 20:20 and 28:28 were used by majority of farmers. Among

diseases, sheath rot, sheath blight and BLB were low to moderate and other diseases were found

in low intensities. Among insect pests, leaf folder and stem borer were observed in low to

moderate intensities in Puducherry region and severe intensities in Yanam region.

Puducherry-2: During the Production Oriented Survey 2010 about 61farmers (Karaikal-47+

Yanam -14) of different categories (small, marginal and big farmers) hailing from 42 (38+4)

villages of Karaikal and Yanam region were personally interviewed by the POS team members.

The predominant varieties cultivated were Savitri, ADT 39, White Ponni, BPT 5204, ADT 46,

ADT 38, ADT45, ADT49, CO 43,CO 46, KKL 1, ADT 37, ADT 43, MTU 7029, MTU-2067,

MTU-1001 and MTU 1010. Heavy incidence of Bacterial leaf blight (30-40%) and False smut (30%)

was noticed on cultivars like BPT 5204, CR 1009, ADT 38 and ADT 39 in most of the villages due to

excess application of N and the conducive environmental condition noticed during the Samba season.

Use of bio-control agents like Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil application and as foliar spray (0.5%) is

getting importance in some of the villages surveyed. Heavy occurrence of BPH (25 -30%) was noticed

on varieties like BPT 5204 and CR 1009 due to prevalence of intermittent rain with cloudy weather

prevailed during the month of November-December 2009. Use of mechanised transplanter is gaining

momentum in most of the villages surveyed due to acute labour shortage. Use of harvester-cum-

thresher is gaining momentum among the various categories of farmers since the above facility

was extended by the Department of Agriculture on hire basis. The use of various natural products

like fresh cowdung extract (20%) and Neem products like Neem oil (3%), NSKE@ 5% and

Neem cake are being adopted by most of the farmers who are interested in organic farming. A

new variety KKL 1 of PAJANCOA & RI, ( a medium slender grain) is gaining momentum

among the farmers as an effective substitute for CR1009. The practice of applying DAP along

with Neem cake as basal dose was adopted by the farmers in all the villages of the district

surveyed.

Punjab: The production oriented survey was conducted in 16 districts in the state during the

kharif, 2010. The districts surveyed were Amritsar, Bathinda, Fatehgarh sahib, Faridkot,

Ferozpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jallandar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Mukatsar, Moga,

Patiala, Sangrur and Tarntaran. Survey was conducted mostly during heading stage and dough



stages of the crop growth. The prevalent varieties grown in this region were Pusa 1121, PR 116,

PR 113, HKR 127, Punjab Bas 2 and HKR 47, PR 118, PAU 209, Pusa 44, PR 111, Hybrid

6444, PR 114, HKR 121, Devegowda, HKR 127, Hybrid 6129, PAU 201 and P.Bas-2. The

level of weed infestation was medium. The common weed was swank. Herbicides like butachlor

and pretilachlor were used in addition to hand weeding for control of these weeds. There was no

proper drying facilities. The diseases like sheath blight, false smut and blast were recorded in

low to moderate level intensities. Among pests, leaf folder and BPH were recorded.

Tamil Nadu: Production oriented survey was conducted in seven districts of Cauvery delta zone.

Excess annual rainfall of 400-640mm was received in three major Cauvery delta districts

Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam. Rabi crop yield was affected to the extent of 25-50%

due to excess rainfall and poor drainage. Rice varieties ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43,

ADT 46, CR 1009, CO 43 and BPT 5204 were predominantly grown in this region. Area under

BPT 5204 was reduced due to its high susceptibility to various diseases. SRI method of

cultivation is gaining momentum among the farmers. Combine harvesters were used by more

than 80% of the farmers. Wide spread occurrence of false smut at low to medium level was

noticed in all the districts surveyed. Moderate incidence of bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf

streak diseases was recorded in all the ruling varieties. Leaf blast incidence was found in

Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts. In general pest incidence was low in this region. Low

to medium incidence of stem borer and leaf folder was noticed in all the districts surveyed.

Tripura: Production Oriented Survey for the year 2010-11 was conducted in Melaghar Agri.

Sub-Division of District, Tripura West. The general climatic condition of the area during the

cropping period was normal. During the survey the crop was mostly at maturity stage. Maximum

numbers of farmers are following System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy

cultivation. As per survey the predominant high yielding variety for the 2nd

kharif season was

found to be MTU-7029 (Swarna). Varieties namely Pooja and Navin are also found to be popular

among the farmers. Seed rate for S.R.I was found to be mostly 5 kg/ ha while 40 to 50 kg in case

of conventional method of paddy cultivation. Availability of irrigation facility is the prime need

of the farmers along with availability of inputs like fertilizer, bio-fertilizers, and bio-pesticides at

proper time. The weed population was medium. Among weeds Echinochloa crusgalli, E.

colonum, Cyperus rotandus, C. irria, C. globosus, were found to be in majority. Farmers

preferred manual weeding and use of weeder in case of S.R.I. None of the farmers were found

to use chemical weedicides. Among insect pests infestation of stem borer and leaf folder was

significant while among plant diseases incidence of sheath blight, brown spot and foot rot or

“Bakanae” disease in the variety Pooja was observed. For the Ist time infestation of BPH was

significantly recorded in an alarming manner in the concerned Agri. Sub Division. On an average

2 (two) times plant protection chemicals were sprayed in a cropping season. Knapsack sprayer

was mostly used as equipment for spraying plant protection chemicals. Pesticide like

monocrotophos, triazophos, chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin were more popular than fungicides

like carbendazim, carbendazim 12 % + mancozeb 63 %). No instance of mixing up of fungicides

with insecticides / weedicides / fertilizers was recorded.

Uttar Pradesh-1: Production Oriented Survey of rice was undertaken in 9 districts of eastern

Uttar Pradesh viz, Faizabad, Sultanpur, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar,

Maharajganj, Azamgarh and Gorakhpur from tillering to maturity stage of rice crop during WS



2010. In U.P. targeted area of rice was 60.00 lac hectare while only 57.16 lac hectare could be

planted. Due to delayed onset of the monsoon during kharif 2010 crop suffered with early

drought. However after starting of the monsoon with uniform distribution of rainfall crop

establish very well and recovered from the effect of early drought.

In this year due to drought in stage of the crop disease and insect pest pressure was low.

Although diseases like sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut, and insects including

stem borer and leaf folder were observed from low to moderate intensity. In the district of

Gorakhpur, Maharjganj, St. Kabir Nagar and Basti hoppers were also recorded. In water logged

condition sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight was more prevalent while brown spot in upland

situation and sheath blight, false smut and bacterial leaf blight was observed with low to

moderate intensity in irrigated ecological conditions. The most popular varieties Sambha

Mahsuri and Swarna were infected with sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight while Kalanamak

and Basmati with Stem borer. In some areas zinc and sulphur deficiency was also observed.

Most of the farmers showed interest in growing of hybrids. The varieties NDR 359, Sarjoo-52,

NDR 359, NDR 97, Shushk Samrat, Shambha Mahsuri, Swarna and hybrids Arize 6444, NDRH-

2, PHB 71, Gorakhnath-509, Mahyco 5629 were found very popular among the farmers of

eastern U.P. The supply of inputs like fertilizers, seeds and electricity was not adequate during

crop season. Poor availability of the farm laborers were also noticed during survey. Only a small

group of farmers were adopting plant protection measures. The main source of farmers finance is

cooperative societies and kisan credit card. Majority of the farmers are small in holding size and

adopting mainly rice-wheat cropping system followed by rice-sugarcane, rice-mustared, rice-

pulses and rice-vegetables. Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus,

Cloeme viscosa, Eclipta alba and Fimbristylis dichotoma were common weed. Majority of the

farmers adopted random transplanting while few practiced direct seeding. Harvesting is done

mainly manual but in the few districts like Maharajganj, Gorakhpur, St. Kabir Nagar, Basti and

Ambedkarnagar use of combine harvester has become a common practice. The main source of

irrigation is tube well followed by canals. In the certain pockets, short grain aromatic rices

including Kalajeera, Shakkarchin, and Lalmati in Barabanki, Bengal Juhi, Kalanamak in St.

Kabir Nagar, Maharajganj and Gorakhpur were also grown in limited area due to the preference

and liking of these varieties by the farmers. Short duration local varieties viz. Ari and Lohtan in

Barabanki, Saraiya and Sonkhar in St. Kabir Nagar were also cultivated.

Uttar Pradesh-2: Eight Districts of Eastern region of Uttar Pradesh viz., Varanasi, Chandauli,

Sonebhadra, Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Azamgarh, Mau, and Ballia covering more than ten villages and

more than two blocks in each district were surveyed during Kharif season 2010-11 with the help

of scientists working in the Banaras Hindu University and scientists working in the Krishi

Vigyan Kendra of these districts for the biotic stresses like diseases and insects of the rice crop.

Most of the survey was conducted during dough to maturity stages of the rice crop. This year

monsoon was good in this region. In this region most of the rice crop was irrigated by tube well,

pumping set or canal but high input cost of irrigation tended most of the farmers to depend upon

the rainfall for rice crop. The specific needs of the farmers were irrigation facilities, timely

availability of good quality seeds and fertilizers. Marginal and sub-marginal farmers grow rice

crop mainly for its own consumption and preferred growing rice varieties like Sarjoo-52,

NDR359, MTU 7029 for getting more yield rather than growing basmati or scented rice. Only

few farmers used manures or organic compost and they preferred to use it in the rice nursery



rather than using in the main field. Most of the farmers used inorganic fertilizers for growing rice

crops and depend mainly on the Primary Agriculture Credit Society (PACS) for procurement but

sometime delayed or non availability of fertilizers and seeds at the time of critical application in

the rice field leads to drastic reduction in the rice yield. Fertilizers were applied in the form of

Urea, DAP, SSP and MOP while some of the farmers were using micronutrients also. For the

hybrid rice, comparatively higher doses of NPK were applied. Farmers purchased seeds from

State seed supplying agencies but most of the marginal and sub-marginal farmers grew the seed

harvested from last year crops. Farmers usually hire plant protection equipment from the market

at per hour basis for spraying.

The prevailing crop rotations in this region which farmers adopted were rice–

wheat/mustard, rice-sugarcane, rice-pulses, rice-vegetables. In most of the field surveyed weed

infestation was found low to medium. The most predominant weeds were Echinochloa colonum,

E. crusgalli, Eclipta alba, Cyperus rotundus¸ C. iria, and Cynadon dactylon. For weed

management two to three hand weeding were common in practice while some of the farmers

were using weedicides like Butachlor and 2,4-D. Symptoms of brown spots and leaf blast

disease were frequently observed at the stage of maturity. Sheath blight, sheath rot and bacterial

leaf blight was predominantly observed in all the districts surveyed. False smut disease which

was last year observed predominantly and in severe form in the canal irrigated Chaundauli

District, this year it was commonly observed in all the areas surveyed and nearly all the varieties

were severely affected from this disease. This year false smut was observed moderate to severe

form in the surveyed areas of Varanasi, Chandauli and Sonebadhra districts. The chemicals like

mancozeb (2-2.5 kg/ha), carbendazim (0.5- 1.0 kg/ha) or hexaconazole (1l/ha) were used by

some farmers for disease control. The attack of stem borer and gundhi bug were rendered in most

of the region. Some progressive and marginal farmers used phorate 10 G @ 5-6 kg/ha or

carbofuran 3 G @ 10-15 kg /ha for the management of insects and pests. Post harvest losses were

observed to be 10-15 %. The average grain yield of rice ranged from 35-40 q /ha for HYVs and

40-65 q /ha for hybrid. Rice root knot nematode problem is increasing day by day in the

surveyed districts may be due to the most prevalent cropping system of rice and wheat.

West Bengal: In West Bengal, production oriented survey was conducted in 7 districts viz.,

Purba Medinpur, South 24-Parganas, North 24-Parganas, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, Mushirabad and

Nadia. The weather condition during the crop growth period was normal, though drought was

reported as major problem in some of the districts surveyed. The survey was conducted mainly

during maturity stages of the crop in most of the districts. Prevalent rice varieties grown by the

farmers were CR 1017, CR 1018, MTU 7029, MTU 1010, IET 5656, Swarna, Jaya, Satabdi,

Pankaj, Anjana, G.S.-I, Mahsuri, Vijaya, Sabita, Swarna sub-I, Nilanjana, Narendra 97,

Chinikamini, Sitabhog, Govindabhog, Dudeshawar, Dudasal, Ruspal, Maula, Xalomota,

Talmugu, MTU 1047, NC 492, CR 1009, KRH-2, IET 4786, IET 1001, Bashmukhi, Sonamukhi,

BR-II, Tulai Panji, PA 6444, Nagna, PHB-71, Kalo Changa, Janurui, Minikit, Nayanmoni,

Ratna, IR-36 and Lalat. The crop rotations practiced by the farmers were rice-

groundnut/vegetables, rice-groundnut-rice, rice-rice, rice-vegetables, rice-

sunflower/potato/vegetables, rice- chilli/mung/vegetables/sunflower, rice-rice-mung/chilli, rice-

mustard-rice, jute-rice-vegetable, rice-til-jute, rice-potato/wheat-jute and rice-maize/vegetables.

The farmers used 25-100% of their land for rice cultivation. The use of chemical fertilizers and

plant protection chemicals were followed by the farmers though they have not followed the

recommendations. Major biotic stresses like blast, neck blast, brown spot, sheath blight, sheath



rot, false smut and grain discoloration were recorded in low to high intensities. In some of the

areas severe crop damage caused by sheath blight and brown spot was noticed. Common insect

pest problems were stem borer, leaf folder, brown plant hopper, mite, green leaf hopper, whorl

maggot, rice bug, cutworm and rats. Some of the common needs of the farmers were availability

of labor, irrigation facility, quality seeds, storage and drying facility and minor equipments.

Table 1: Scientists who had taken lead in implementing and conducting the Production

Oriented Survey, Kharif 2009.

DRR HQrts, Hyderabad: Dr. G. S. Laha, Dr. D. Krishnaveni, Dr. M. Srinivas Prasad, Dr. D.

Ladhalakshmi and Dr. Satendra K. Mangrauthia

Sl.

No

States Locations Scientists

1 Andhra Pradesh Rajendranagar Dr. R. Jagadeeshwar

Maruteru Dr. S. Krishnamraju

Ragolu Dr. M. Rama Bhadra Raju

2

Bihar Pusa Dr. (Mrs.) Bimla Rai

Patna Dr. Amarendra Kumar

3 Chhattishgarh Jagadalpur Mr. Rajaram Bhanwar

4 Gujarat Nawagam D. K. S. Prajapati

5 Haryana Kaul Dr. Ram Singh

6 Jammu & Kashmir Khudwani Dr. Z. A. Bhat

Chatha Dr. Anil Gupta

7 Jharkhand Ranchi Dr. M. K. Barnwal

8 Karnataka Mandya Dr. M. K. Prasanna Kumar

9 Madhya Pradesh Rewa Dr. S. K. Tripathi

10 Maharashtra Karjat Dr. V. S. Pande

11 Orissa Chiplima Mrs. Rini Pal

12 Puducherry Kurumbapet Mr. J. Krishna Kumar/Dr. M. A. Savary

Karaikal Dr. C. Rattinasababady

13 Punjab Ludhiana Dr. Jagjeet Singh Lore

14 Tamil Nadu Aduthurai Dr. A. Karthikeyan

15 Tripura Arundhatinagar Dr. D. P. Awasthi

16 Uttar Pradesh Faizabad Dr. Vindeswari Prasad

Varanasi Dr. R. K. Singh

17 West Bengal Chinsurah Dr. D. K. Naik



Table 2: Production oriented survey, 2010-2011: Name of the state, district survey period and survey personnel.

State/Region District surveyed Survey

period

Survey Personnel

AP-1

Ranga Reddy,

Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda,

Karimnagar,

Khammam and Warangal

Aug-Dec

2010 Agricultural Research Station, Rajandranagar

Dr. P. Narasimha Reddy, Senior Scientist (G & PB)

Dr. Ch. Surendar Raju, Senior Scientist (G & PB)

Dr. R. Jagadeeshwar, Senior Scientist (Pl. Path)

Dr. N. Rama Gopala Varma, Scientist (Ento)

Dr. T. Srinivas Coordinator & Head

Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Scientist TOT

Dr. S. Vanisri Sr. Scientist (G&PB)

C.H. Ramchandra (AO) Medipally

J. Tirupathi (AO) Golapally

P.Rammohan (AO) Dharamapuri

B. Gopal Reddy (AO) Jammikunta

Dr. Rajnikanth Scienist Plant Protection

G. Nagesh Kumar Reddy (MAO) Kodad

Sri.S. Kiran Kumar Reddy (MAO)Nereducheral

Dr. V. Gopala Krishna, Sr. Sci (Crop Prod.) DAATTC

Dr. J. Hemanth Kumar, Sci (Crop Prot.), DAATTC,

Khammam

Sri. Hariprasad (AO) Nallabali

Sri. Yadagiri (AO) Narsmapeet

Smt. Krishnaveeni (AO) Chennaraopet

Smt. Sailija (AO) Duggondi

Smt. B. Vasudha (AO) Khanapur

Sri. A. Sampath Reddy (AO) Parkal

Smt. G. Nagamani, MAO, Miryalaguda

Smt. M. Vaidehi (AO) Shayampet

AP-2 East Godavari and West

Godavari

Oct. and

Nov., 2009

AP Rice Research Institute and RARS, Maruteru

Dr. S. Krishnam Raju, Sr. Scientist, Pl. Pathology

Dr. A. Upendra Rao, Sr. Scientist, Agronomy

Sri. N. Mallikharjuna Rao, Scientist, Entomology

Dr. D. Vijay, Scientist, Seed Science & Tech.

AP-3 Srikakulam,

Vizianagaram,

Visakhapatnam

Oct-Nov 2010 Agricultural Research Station, Ragolu

Dr. M. Rama Bhadra Raju, Scientist (Plant Pathology)

Dr. K.V. Ramana Murthy Sr. Scientist(Agronomy),

Dr. V. Visalakshmi Scientist (Entomology),

Dr. J. Dayal Prasad Babu Scientist (Plant Breeding)

Dr. N. Venugopal Rao Principal Scientist & Head, (Ento), Dr.

D. Chinnam Naidu Coordinator, DAATTC,

Dr. P. Guru Murthy Coordinator, DAATTC,

Dr. N. Srinivasa Rao Scientist (Ento),

Dr. M. Srinivasa Rao Scientist (Agronomy),

Dr. P. Sujatha Scientist (Seed tech.)

Bihar-1 Samastipur, &Vaishali

RAU, Pusa

Dr Bimala Rai, Plant Pathologist

Dr N K singh, Pl. Breeder

Dr. Rajesh Breeder

Dr A K Mishra, Entomologist

Dr. S. K. Chaudhury, Agronomist

Bihar-2 Nalanda,Patna

Buxer

- ARI, Patna

Dr. Amarendra Kumar Pathologist

Dr. Ajay Kumar Agronomist

Chhattishgarh Bastar, Dantewada,

Narayanpur Bijapur, and

Nov 2010 SG College of Agriculture and Research Station,

Jagdalpur (IGAU) C.G




period

Survey Personnel

Kanker Dr.Raja Ram Banwar, Scientist, Plant Pathology

Dr.Avinash Gupta Scientist Entomology

Gujarat Ahmedabad,

Anand,Bharuch

Dang,Kheda, Navsari,

Panchmahals, Surat,Tapi,

Vadodaraand Valsad

Sep-Dec 2010 Main Rice Research Station, AAU, Nawagam

Dr. K. S. Prajapati, Research Sci (Pathology)

Dr. N. P. Chauhan, Asso. Res. Sci. (Agronomy)

Dr. M. G. Makwana (Asso. Res. Sci. (Pl. Breeding)

Prof. J. F. Dodia (Asstt. Res. Sci. (Entomology)

Prof. R. C. Patel, Asst. Res. Sci. (Pl. Pathology)

Dr. R. A. Patel (Asst. Res. Sci (Agronomy)

Dr. V. J. Patel (Asso. Res. Sci (Entomology)

Prof. S. G. Patel Asst Res. Sci (Pl. Breeding)

Haryana Kaithal, Kurukshetra,

Karnal, Jind, Ambala,

Yamunanagar, Panchkula,

Panipat, Sonepat,

Fatehabad and Sirsa

August-

October, 2010 CCS HAU, Rice Research Station, Kaul

Dr. Ram Singh, Sr. Scientist, Plant Pathology

Dr. Dalel Singh, Sr. Scientist and Head

Dr. Lakhi Ram, Sr. Entomologist

Dr. Mangat Ram, Sr. Agronomist

Jammu &

Kashmir-1

Pulwana, Anantnag

andKulgam

Aug 1,5, 20,

Sept 15,17,

18; 2010

Rice Research & Regional Station, Khudwani

Dr. Z. A. Bhat, Jr. Scientist, Pl. Path

Dr. M. Anwar Bhat, Sr. Scientist, Agro

Dr. M. A. Bhat, Sr. Scientists, Ento

Jammu &

Kashmir-2

Rajouri,Jammu

Oct-2010 SKUAST, Jammu, Chatha

Dr.V.S.Verma Prof. (Plant Pathology)

Dr. Anil Gupta, Asso. Prof. (Plant Pathology)

Dr. Satish Sudan, Asso. Prof. (Plant Breeding)

Dr. Ashok K. Gupta, Asso. Prof. (Agronomy)

Dr. Gurdev Chand, Asst. Prof. (Pl. Physiology),

Dr. M.K. Panday Asst. Prof. (Pl. Physiology),

Dr. Rajan Selaia Asst. Prof. (Entomology) Jharkhand Ranchi, Ramgarh,

Hazaribagh, Lohardaga,

Gumla and East

Singhbhum

April,

September,

November,

December,

2010

BAU, Ranchi

Dr M. K. Barnwal, Jr Scientist-Asstt. Prof. (Pl. Pathology)

Dr K. Prasad, Sr Scientist- Assoc. Prof. (Pl Breed & Genet) Dr A. K. Singh, Junior Scientist- Asstt. Prof. (Agronomy) Dr R. Prasad, Sr Scientist- Assoc. Prof. (Entomology)

Karnataka Mandya, Shimoga,

Mysore, Dakshina,

Kannada, Udupi, , Hassan

Chickkamagalur,Dharwad,

Tunkur and Chamrajnagar

Oct-Dec 2010 ZARS, VC farm, Mandya

Dr. Prasanna Kumar, Rice Pathologist

Dr. Sidde Gowda, Rice Entomologist

Dr. P. Mahadevu, Rice Breeder

Dr. P. Swamy Asst. Director of Agriclture KSDA

Dr. C. Ramachandra, Rice Agronomist

Dr.B.R. Jagdeesha, Sr. Scientist

Dr. M. P. Rajanna, Rice Breeder

Mr.Atil Ur. Rehoman SMS, KVK, Mandya

Mr. Ramesh (AO)

Dr. Shivamvothappa, JDA (KSDA) Madhya

Pradesh

Rewa, Satna, Sidhi,

Shahdol, Panna, Katni,

Anooppur and Umaria

- JNKVV College of Agriculture Rewa

Dr S. K. Rao, Dean

Dr. S. K. Tripathi, Principal Scientist, Plant Pathology

Dr. M. R. Dhingra (Entomologist)

Dr.I. M. Khan, Plant Physiologist

Dr. M. A. Alam, Entomologist

Dr S, K. Pandey, Professor

Dr. Raghuraj Tiwari SMS KVK Rewa

Dr. A.K. Pandey PC KVK Rewa

Dr. S. N. Shrivastava, Professor (Economics)

Shri B . K Mishra, SDO, Amarpatan

Shri Subhash Shrivastava, ASCO, Maihar

Shri R. R. Singh, TO JDA, Rewa

Shri C. K. Mishra, SDO, Satna

Shri. A. S. Chauhan, Professor Extension




period

Survey Personnel

Shri Rajeev Nigam, ASCO, Satna

Shri B P Tiwari, DDA, Sidhi

Shri Mahendra singh, PC KVK, Sidhi

Dr. Namdev Hadau DDA Rewa

Dr K s Baghel SMS KVK Panna

Shri K P Pandey, ADA, Sidhi

Shri D.P. Tripathi DDA Shahdol

Dr, Ajay Khare PC KVK Panna

Dr. M S. Raghuwanshi SMS KVK Panna

ShriAkhilesh Patel, KVK, Sidhi

Shri K K Pandey, ADA, Sidhi

Shri. S.K. Singh Chauhan, SMS Satna

Nitin Singha SMS KVK Shahdol

Shri P D. Dwivedi, ADO, Ram Nagar

Shri U. K. Bagri, ADA, Rewa

Shri M. S.Baghel, PC KVK, Shahdol Maharashtra Raigad, Thane,

Sindhudurg and Ratnagiri

October 2010

Dr.V.S.Pande, Plant Pathologist

Dr.P.R. Chaudhari, Agronomist

Dr.A.S.Patil, Entomologist

Prof .M.P.Gawai, Jr.Rice beeder

Shri.D.S.Gholap, Agril Officer

Shri.P.A.Pachpute, Agril Officer

ShriJ.r Kurute, Agril Officer

Shri J.B.Save, Farm officer

Shri. V.M. Jadhav, SMS, Agronomy Orissa Barogarh and Sambalpur

Nov 2010 RRTTTS, OUAT, Chiplima-768025

Mrs. Rini Pal Plant Pathologist

Dr. Ramanath Mohapatra Entomology

Dr. Md. A. Alim, Jr. Agronomist Puducherry-1 Puducherry and Yanam Sept, 17 & 19

Nov and Dec,

2009

P. K. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kurmbapet, Puducherry

Dr. Thiru A. Ramamourti, Principal

Dr. Mohan A. Savery, Rice Breeder

Mr. J. Krishna Kumar, Jr. Entomologist

Mr. S. Baskaran, Jr. Agronomist Puducherry-2

Karaikal and Yanam,

July 2010–

January 2011 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture &

Research Institute, Karaikal 609 603

Dr.C.Rettinassababady,Plant Pathology

Dr. S. Thirumeni, Pl. Breedi & Genet

Dr AL. Narayanan, Agronomy

Dr.M.Kandibane,Agrl.Entomology

Punjab Amritsar, Bathinda,

Fatehgarh sahib, Faridkot,

Ferozpur,Gurdaspur,

Hoshiarpur, Jallandar,

Kapurthala, Ludhiana,

Mesra, Mukatsar, Moga,

Patiala, Sangrur and

Tarntaran

- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

Dr. Jagjit Singh Lore, Asst Plant Pathologist

Dr. G. S. Mangat, Sr. Rice Breeder

Dr. P. S. Sarao, Entomologist

Dr. Gulshan Mahajan, Agronomist

Dr. Rupinder Kaur, Asst Plant Breeder

Tamil Nadu Thanjavur,

Nagappattinam, Tiruvarur,

Tiruchirappalli,

Pudukkottai, Perambalur,

and Cuddalore

Jan 2011 Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai

Dr. A. Karthikeyan, Professor (Plant Pathology)

Dr.D. Sassi kumar,Asst. Professor (Plant Breeding)

Dr. V. Ravi, Professor (Agronomy)

Dr. S. Mohamed Jalaluddin, Professor(Entomology)

Tripura West Tripura - State Agricultural Research Station, Arundhatinagar,

Tripura

Sri B. I. Majumder, Senior Agronomist, SARS

Sri Santanu Debbama, DDA (Res), Pest Management Unit

Sri Farukul Islam, Asst Director, Pest Management Unit

Sri Sandipan Mitra, Asst Director, Pest Management Unit




period

Survey Personnel

Dr. D. P. Awasthi, Agri. Officer, Pest Management Unit

Uttar Pradesh -

1

Faizabad, Ambedkar

Nagar, Sultanpur,

Barabanki, Basti, St. Kabir

Nagar, Gorakhpur ,

Maharjganj and Azamgarj

- Crop Research Station, Masodha (NDUAT), Faizabad

(U.P.)

Dr. J.L. Dwivedi, Prof/Sr. Rice Breeder and Officer I/C

Dr. V. Prasad, Junior Pathologist

Sri D.P. Singh, Asstt. Prof. Plant Pathology

Sri A.W. Khan, Jr. Research Assoc.

Dr. R.A. Singh, Entomologist

Dr. R.B. Singh, Entomologist

Dr. S.P. Giri, Assoc. Prof., Plant Breeding

Dr. Saurabh Dixit, Jr. Rice Breeder

Dr. R.M. Tripathi, SRA

Sri Alok Pandey, Technical Asstt. Uttar Pradesh –

2

Ghazipur, Azamgarh,

Varanasi, Jaunpur,

Sonebhadra, Chandauli,

Mau, Ballia,

Oct-Nov 2010 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, UP

Dr. R. K. Singh, Plant Pathologist, BHU

Dr. M. K. Singh, Agronomist, BHU

Dr. Ram Keval, Entomologist, BHU

Dr. R. K. Singh, Asst Prof, Agronomy, KVK, Azamgarh

Dr. R. P. Singh, Asst. Prof., Pl. Prot, KVK, Azamgarh

Dr. Dharmendra Singh, SMS, Soil Science,KVK, Ghazipur

Dr. R. P. Singh, SMS, Pl. Protection, KVK, Ghazipur

Dr. Satyavrat Dwivedi, Horticulture, KVK, Sonebhadra

Dr.Ajeet Vaste SMS )Plant Protection) KVK, Sonebhadra

Dr. N. K. Singh, Plant Protection, KVK, Mau

Dr. S. K. Singh, Asst. Prof., Animal Husb, KVK, Ballia

Dr. Shivkumar Singh SMS (agronomy) KVK Ghaipur

West Bengal -1

(Chinsurah)

Utter Dinajpur, Purba

Medinipur, South 24-

Paraganas, North 24-

Paraganas, Murshidahad,

Malda & Nadia,

Nov-Dec

2010 Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, West Bengal

Dr. Dipak K. Nayak, Plant Pathologist

Dr. Tamal Kanti Jana, Soil Scientist

Dr. Indrani Dana, Plant Breeder

Dr. Indrani Dana, Asst. Botnaist

Dr. Anitha Roy Asst. Botanist

Dr. Dilip Patna Asst. Pl.patholgist

Dr. Chirashree Gangopadhyay, Entomologist

Dr. Suparana Guptha Asst. Botanist

Dr. Rajil Das Asst. Bontanist

Mr.AshimSarkarAsst. DA (Tech), Extenssiom

Dr. Sitesh Chatterjee, Entomologist

Dr. Shantanu S Aich, Plant Breeder

Dr. Chand Kumar Santra, Asst Botanist, RRS, Chinsurah

Mr. Sanjoy Saha Asst. DA

Mr, Gopal Das Asst. ADA

Mr. Srikanta Sinah Asst. DA

Dr. Kinkar Saha, Entomologist

Mr. Paresh Bera Asst. Directorate of Agri(ADM)

Mr. Nalinikantha Das Asst. Directorate of Agri(ADM)

Mr. Panchu Bhaja Asst. DA

Mr. Ashis Barman Asst. DA

Mr. Tuhin Barman Asst. DA

Mr. Kollol Pal Asst. DA

Mr. Uttam Roy Chowshury Asst. Plant pathologist

Mr. Ragunath Mandal Asst. Plant pathologist

Mr. Chintaharn Modi Asst. Dir. Agri. Extn

Mr. Tarak Saha Asst. Dir. Agri. Extn

Mr. Niloyr kar Asst. Dir. Agri. Extn

Mr.DebabralaPal, Asst. Dir. Agri

Mr. Sarbeswan Mandal Asst. Dir. Agri.

Mr. Aupam Tarafder Adm. Extn




period

Survey Personnel

Sri Ranjit Das, ADA, Dinhata

Table 3 : Most prevalent rice varieties cultivated in the surveyed districts of India during 2010

State Predominant rice varieties

Andhra Pradesh-1

(RNR)

NLR-3041, Tellahamsa, MTU-1010, Harsha, HMT Sona, BPT-5204, IR-64,

Kaveri 909, JGL3855, WGL32100, BPT 5204, Motigold, Loknath, RNR2458,

NLR34449, RNR2354, JGL11118, JGL384, JGL11727, MTU1061 and

RNR2465

Andhra Pradesh-2

(MTU)

Swarna (MTU-7029), Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba Mahsuri

(BPT-5204), Badava mahsuri (PLA-1100), Cottondora, Sannalu (MTU-1010),

Prabhat (MTU-3626), Vijetha (MTU-1001), IR-64 and MTU-2716

Andhra Pradesh-3

(RGL)

Swarna, Samba mashuri, Sona mashuri, Jaya, Super Jaya, Pooja, MTU- 1001,

MTU- 1010, MTU 1061, RGL 2537, RGL 2538, RGL 11226, JGL-1798, KRH-

2 and NLR-34449

Bihar-1 Dhanlakshmi, BPT 5204, Jaya, Kanak, Kasturi, Kishori, MTU 7029, Mahsuri,

Pankaj, Prabhat Pusa Basmati, Rajshree Rajendra, Satyam, Santosh, Swetha,

Rajendra Bhagawathi, Saroj, Sita, Subhashini, Sugandha, Swarna, Swarna Sub

1, Turanta and Vaidehi

Bihar-2 Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Sonam, BPT 5204, BPT 5205, Hybrid 6444, IR 64,

Goraknath, Swarna (MTU 7029), Rajendra Kasturi, Rajendra Sweta, Nati

Mahsuri, Sudha, Sita, Pusa Sugandha 4, Saket 4 and Hybrid 6444, MTU 1001

and Hybrid 6201

Chhattisgarh MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64, Swarna, HMT Poornima, PA 6444,

PA 6144, KRH-2, Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka, Asamchudi, Safari, Masuri,

Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Laluha, Lalhra, Samabalpur, Grumutia,

Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Mehar dhan, Para, Chitari, Daver dhan,

Loctimajhi, Badshabhog, Dubraj and Javaful

Gujarat 786(Hybrid), Arise-6444, GAR-13, Gorakhnath, GR-11, Gurjar, GR-12, GR-

4, GR-7, Gurjari, IR-28, Jaya, Kabir, Kaveri, Masuri, Moti, Moti-Gold, NAUR-

1, PA-6201, Pankhali, Radha, Sona Mahsuri, Sonam, Surekha , Suruchi,

Gorakhnath, US-312 , US-315 and Versha

Haryana Bishan, CSR 30, Govind, HKR 120, HKR 127, HKR 47, Hybrid 1316, Hybrid

2355, Hybrid 3325, Hybrid 401, Hybrid 404, Hybrid 5971, Hybrid 721, Hybrid

748, Hybrid 832, Hybrid 9235, Hybrid 927, Hybrid 9433, Hybrid Bajrang,

Hybrid Nakul, Hybrid Nitya, Hybrid Sagar, Jaya, MR 220, PA 6111, PA 6129,

PA 6444, PA6129, PAU 201, PHB 71, PHB 77 (Pioneer 77), PR 106, PR 111,

PR 114, Pusa 44, Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 4 (Pusa 1121), Pusa RH 10,

Reshma, RH 257, Royal Bhog (Pepsi), Sabati, sabnam, Sahab 140, Sarbati,

Sikanderi (Sikander 333, Hybrid Sugandh 999) and Taraori Basmati.

Jammu Kashmir-1 China 1007, China 1039, China 988, Jehlum, K-332, K-39, K-448(Jehlum),

Kamad, Kohsar, Pusa Sugandh-3, SK-105 (Shalmar-1) and SR-1.




Jammu Kashmir-2 K 39, K 343, Giza-14, Basmati, China 1039, Ratna, Sharbati, Basmati 370,

Pusa 1121 and Hybrid 6444

Jharkhand Abhisek , Arize Tej, Arize-6444, Bachha dhan, Birsa vikash, Birsamati, Brown

gora, BVD-10, BVD-109, BVD-110, Champion (NPH-207), Charaka dhan,

Dahia, Dhan-110, Dhania-2316, Dhusari, Doodh kandar, Front line RH-257,

Gotia, IR-36, IR-64, Jonga, Kalamdani, Karhaini, Karibaki, KRH-2, Lal dhan,

Lalat, Mahsuri, MTU1001, Naniha, Naveen, Neta dhan, PAC-801, PAC-832,

PHB-71, Radha, Sagma, Sarju-52, Sathi, Sita, Sonam, UAS-312, UAS-401,

Suraj, Suruchi 5445, Suruchi-5629, Swarna, TN-1, US-312 and Vandana

Karnataka Abhilash, Airze, Ankur Sonum, BPT-5204, BR-2655, Doddige, IET-7191,

Intan, IR 3864, IR 64, Jaya, Jeerige sanna, JGL-1798, Jyothi, Kaje jaya, KCP-1,

KHP-2, KMP-105, KRH-2, MO4, MTU-1001, MTU1010, phalguna,

Puttabatha, Rajamudi , Rathna Choodi, Ratnachoodi, Tellahamsa, Thanu,

Thrupti and Tunga,

Madhya Pradesh Amagaur, Annada, Azan, Badalphool, Badshah Phool, Baksha, Balbhog,

Balkeshar, Saunthi, Banspore, Barahi, Basmati, Belari, Bhadali, Bhanta Phool,

Bhejari, Biranj, Biranjphool, Bohita, Butanagar Koilari,

Champion, Chandra Hasini, Chhatri, Chhinmauri, Dehula, Dhanteswari,

Dhaur, Dilbaksha, Doodhi, Dubaraj, Excel, Ganga, Geeta, Goraknath, Govinda,

Gulab Kali, Gurmatia, Haru, HMT, Indo American-1001, IR 36, IR 50, IR 64,

Jagtial sanali, Jalkeshar, Jaya, Jiledar, JR201, JR-75, JRH 4, JRH 5, JRH8,

Juari, Jwalaphool, Kajari, Kalisugandh, Kanak, Kanakjir, Kaniga, Kanji,

Kapoorshah, Karaga, Karahani, Karanphool, Kari, Kaveri, Kerakhambh,

Keshar, Khoonta, Kosam, Kranti, Kuturba, Laichi, Lal Dhan, Lalita, Laloo-14,

Ledua, Loknath, Lonagi, Lonhadi, Lonhdi, Madhuri Lochai, Mahak,

Mahamaya , Mahyco 117, Malti, Mansooriya, Menaka (Improved variety

35%), MR219, MTU1010 MTU1081, Mulayam 999, Nadawal, Nanhi, Newari

Karadhana, Newari, Nisotawa, P1460, PA 6201, PA6444, PAC 801, Padmasar,

Parasanwasa, Pardeshi , Patna, PHB71, Poornima, PRH 10, Pro-Agro 6201,

Pro-Agro-6111, PS 4, PS5, Pusa Sugandha 3, Pusa Sugandha 5, Rabina,

Raghuwar Prasad, Rambhog, Ramunwa, Ranikajal, Rasi 111, Ratna, Roopali,

Sabnam Nadawal, Safari, Samasar, Sathia, Shabnam, Shukla Phool, Siyari,

Sonachoor, Sonali, Sonam Loknath, Sonkarchi, Subeej Sugandha, Swarna, Tej,

Tulsi, Vandana, Vishnu bhog, Vishnubhog, BD 1 and WGL 32100

Maharashtra Bela, Bhadas, Bhuranata, Botvel, Dandi, EK 70, G 11, G 4, G-1, G-11, G17,

Ghausal, Gorakhnath, Gujart 17, Gujrat, Gujrat-11, HMT sona, Hybrid-1, Jaya,

JK seed, Kalyani, Karjat, Karjat-3, KJT 104, KJT-184, KJT-2, KJT-3, KJT-4,

KJT-5, KJT-7, Kolam, Kolamb, Komal, Loknath, Madan, Mangal, Masuri,

Mhadi, MTU 1010, PA6201, PA6444, Palghar-1, Palghur, Panvel-1, Panvel-3,

Patni, Pepali, PLG-1, ProAgro, Pusa RH-10, Pusa sugndha, RA6444, Ratna,

Ratnagiri-1, RH-10, RTH 711, RTH-1, RTN-1, RTN-2, RTN-24, RTN-711,

Ruchira, Rupali, Sahyadri, Sahyadri-1, Sahyadri-2, Sahyadri-3, Sahyadri-4,

Sonam, Suruchi, Surya, Swarna, Sweta, Trupti, Valai, Zinia-63 and Zinni

Orissa Swarna, MTU-1001, Rajlaxmi, Puja, MTU-1010 and Pratikshya




Puducherry- 1 ADT 43, ADT-39, ASD-18, Bondalua (MTU 3626), BPT 5204, Cotton dora

Sannalu (MTU-1010), CR 1009, PY-4, PY-7 (Annalakshmi), Samba Mahsuri

(BPT 5204), Swarna (MTU-7029), TRY-1, TRY-2, Vijetha (MTU 1001) and

White Ponni

Puducherry-2 TKM 9, ADT 43,ADT 37, Kullaponni, Savitri, ADT 39, White Ponni, BPT

5204, ADT 46,ADT 38, ADT45, ADT49, CO 43,CO 46 and KKL 1, MTU-

7029, MTU-2067, BPT-5204, MTU-1001 and MTU-1010

Punjab Devgoda, HKR 121, HKR 127, HKR 47, HRK 127, HRK 47, Hybrid 6129,

Hybrid 6444, P.Bas-2, PAU 201, PAU 209, PR 111, PR 113, PR 114, PR 116,

PR 118, Punjab Bas 2, Pusa 1121 and Pusa 44

Tamil Nadu – I ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 46, ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 44, BPT

5204, CO 43, CR 1009, IR 50, TKM 9, Trichy 1, Trichy 2 and White Ponni.

Tripura MTU-7029 (Swarna), Pooja, Navin

Uttar Pradesh -1 Abhimanyu, Ari (Local), Arize 6444, Arize 6201, Arize 6444, Arize Tej,

Basmati, Bengal Juhi, BPT 5204, Dankal, Dhanya 775, Golden, Gorakhnath

509, Gorakhnath 510, Gorakhnath 555, Gorakhnath, Hybrid R 808, Jallahri,

Jalpriya, JK 401, JK Hybrid, Kalajeera , Kalanamak, Kashi Vishwanath, Kaveri

Sona, Komal, Lalmati, Lohtan, Mahyco 5629, Moti, Narendra Usar 3, Narendra

Usar Dhan 3, Narendra Usar Dhan-3, NDR -359, NDR-97, NDRH-2,

Padmavati 5555, Pant 10, Pant Dhan 10, Pant Dhan 4, PHB-71, PR 114,

Prithavi, Prithvi, Pusa Basmati, Pusa RH-10, Radha, RH 664, Rohini, Royal

Bhog, Rupali, Sai 5629, SAI 6698, Sambha Mahsuri, Sambha, Sarjoo-52,

Sarya, Shakkarchini, Shakti, Shiv Shakti, Sonam, Sonkhar, Suruchi, Swarna

and Type-3

Uttar Pradesh -2 Arize 6444, Badshah bhog, Balidan, BPT-5204, Ganga Kauveri, Govindbhog,

HUBR 2-1, Hybrid-312, Jaisurya, Jalnidhi, Jalpriya, Jaya, Kalanamak, Komal,

Moti, MTU-7029, NDR-359, NDR-97, Pant Dhan 10, Pant Dhan 12, Pant-12,

PHB-71, PRH-1, Pusa Basmati, Rupali, Sarjoo-52, Sonam and Type-3

West Bengal Afgan, Anjana, Bashmukhi, Bhallxi, BR-II, Chinikamini, CR 1009, CR 1017,

CR 1018, Dudasal, Dudeshawar, G.S.-I, Gobindbhog, Gontra Dhan-I (GS-I),

IET 1001, IET 4786, IET 5656, IR-36, Janurui, Jasmine, jaya, Kalo Changa,

KRH-2, Lal Swarna, Lalat, Mahsuri, Marichsail, Maula, Mini Swarna (B-

11),Minikit, MTU 1010, MTU 1047, MTU 7029, Nagna, Narendra 97,

Nayanmoni, NC 492, Nilanjana, Niranjan, PA 6444, Panijat, Pankaj, PHB-71,

Pratiksha, Ranjit, Ratna, Rolar, Ruspal, Sabita, Santosi, Satabdi, Sitabhog,

Sonamukhi, Sundarisal, Swarna sub-I, Swarna, Talmugu, Tulai Panji, Vijaya

and Xalomota



Table 4: Biotic constraints (Diseases) in different states in India during 2010

State Diseases

LBl NBl BS ShBl ShR FS GD LS StR NBLS BK UDB KH BLB BLS RTD

Andhra Pradesh-1 L L L L-S L-S L-S L-S L L L

Andhra Pradesh-2 M-S L L-M L M

Andhra Pradesh-3 L-S L-S M-S L-M L-S L-M

Bihar-1 M-S L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Bihar-2 L L-M L-S L-M

Chhattisgarh L-M L-M L-M L L-M

Gujarat M L-M L L-M L-M

Haryana L-M L L-M L-S L L-S L L-S L M-S M

J & K-1 L-M L-M L L-M

J & K-2 L-M L L-M L-M

Jharkhand M-S M L-M L-M M M-S L-M

Karnataka L-M L-M L-M L L-M L L

Madhya Pradesh L M T L M M T

Maharashtra L-S L-S L L L-M L-S

Orissa L L-M L L

Puducherry-1 L M L-M L L-M L

Puducherry-2 L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M M-S

Punjab L-M L L L-M L L L L M

Tamil Nadu L-M M L L-M L-M L-M L-M

Tripura M M L L

Uttar Pradesh-1 L-M L L-M

Uttar Pradesh-2 M-S M-S M L-M M-S M-S

West Bengal L L L-S L-S L-M L L LBl: Blast, NBl: Neck Blast, BS: Brown spot, ShBl: Sheath blight, ShR: Sheath rot, FS: False smut, LS: Leaf scald, StR: Stem rot, GD: Glume discoloration,

NBLS: Narrow brown leaf spot, BK: Bakanae, UDB: Udbatta, KH: Khaira, BLB: Bacterial leaf blight, BLS: Bacterial leaf streak, RTD: Rice tungro disease; L:

Low; M: Moderate; S: Severe.

In Bihar-2, low to moderate incidence of leaf smut



Table 5: Biotic constraints (Insect pests) in different states in India during 2010

States

Insect pests

SB

LF

BP

H

WB

PH

GL

H

GM

RH

WM

GH

CW

GB

PM

MT

RB

AW

RK

N

Rats

Ter

m

RT

WG

MB

LH

Andhra Pradesh-1 L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-S L L L-M

Andhra Pradesh-2 M-S M L L L M-S

Andhra Pradesh-3 L-M L-S L-M L L-S L

Bihar-1 L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Bihar-2 L L L-M

Chhattisgarh L L-M L L

Gujarat L L L-M L L L L

Haryana L L-S L-S M-S L S

J & K-1 L L L L L L

J & K-2 L L L

Jharkhand L-S L-M L L-M M-S L-M L-M L-M

Karnataka T-L L-M T-L M L-M

Madhya Pradesh T T-M T L T M T

Maharashtra L-M M L-M L-M M

Orissa L L L L

Puducherry-1 L-S L-M L-M L L

Puducherry-2 M-S M-S M-S M S

Punjab L L-M L-M L-M L

Tamil Nadu L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Tripura L M

Uttar Pradesh-1 L-M L T-L L-M

Uttar Pradesh-2 M-S L-M M L-M L-M

West Bengal L-M L L-M L L L L-S

BPH: Brown Plant Hopper, WBPH: White Backed Plant Hopper, GLH: Green Leaf Hopper, LF: Leaf Folder, SB: Stem Borer, GM: Gall Midge, RH: Rice

Hispa, WM: Whorl Maggot, GH: Grass Hopper, CW: Case Worm, GB: Gundhi Bug, PM: Panicle Mite, MT: Mite, RB: Rice Bug, AW: Army Worm, WTN:

White Tip Nematode, Termi: Termites, RT: Rice Thrips, HCP: Horned Caterpillar, MB: Mealy Bug, LH: Leaf Hopper, WG: White Grub, ECC: Ear cutting

cater pillar, T: Traces, L: Low, M: Moderate, S: Severe.

Minor incidence of horned caterpillar in AP-3; Minor incidence of white tip nematode in Gujarat



Introduction

Production oriented survey (POS) provides information on various aspects of rice

cultivation viz., general weather and crop conditions, predominant varieties and cropping

sequences, manures and fertilizer applications, weeds and their management, different inputs and

their availability, farmer‟s needs and the constraints faced by them and the profile of pests and

diseases and their management in different states in the country. It is an unique approach of

survey which is a combination of eye ball method of survey and questionnaire based method of

survey, where a qualified team of well trained scientists from various discipline along with the

officials from state department of Agriculture visits the farmers fields and records the

observations and also interacts with the farmers. The survey assesses the needs and problems of

the farmers and determines their degree of knowledge and perceptions of crop management

problems. The survey also provides information about various indigenous technical knowledge

of the farmers regarding rice cultivation. These surveys can help to identify the gaps in

knowledge that need to be addressed by research and extension. The main objectives of the

survey are:

To undertake extensive periodical survey in rice growing areas of the country, and to

study the practices and constraints in rice cultivation.

To suggest suitable remedial measures on the spot to solve the farmers‟ problems, if any.

To minimize input costs and suggest methods to avoid any wasteful practices.

Survey team included scientists from co-ordinating centres of All India Co-ordinated

Rice Improvement Programme of the Directorate of Rice Research, and the agricultural and

extension officials of respective State Departments of Agriculture. The report contains the names

of districts and subunits covered during survey and also the period of survey. Further, it

describes the particulars of rice areas, popular varieties under cultivation, and crop production

and management technologies adopted in respective regions. In addition, biotic and abiotic

production constraints prevalent in the states and usage of plant protection chemicals in brief, are

also given.



Andhra Pradesh- 1

Districts surveyed:

Ranga Reddy, Mahboobnagar, Karmnagar, Nalgonda and Khammam

Particulars of survey

Districts Mandals/blocks Villages

Ranga Reddy Doma and Pargi

Tirumayapalem, Rakonda, Mallepally, Doma,

Bhoompalli, Dirsampalli, Gudur, Tirumayapalem,

Godegampalli, Motukur, Palepalli, Chigurpalli,

Lakhnapuram, Laxmidevi palli

Mahboobnagar Kodangal, Kosgi,

Maddur,

Mahabubnagar,

Shadnagar, Balanagar,

Jadcherla,

Nagarkurnool,

Kalvakurthy,

Kalvakurthy, Gadwal

and Wanaparthy

Regadi Mylavur, Palisapur, Humnabad, Dudyala,

Chandravarcha, Nacharam, Nacharam, Bijjaram,

Bijjaram, Maddur, Peddadarpally, Shadnagar,

Balanagar, Kavarampeta, Kothakota,

Nagarkurnool, Kalvakurthy, Gadwal and

Wanaparthy

Karimnagar Sirsilla, Gollapalli,

Manakondur, Shankara

patnam, Huzurabad,

Jammikunta and

Peddapally

Hanksapur, Mamidipalli, Narsimhala palli,

Nerella, Shekella, Gattududena pally, Kothagattu,

Rangapuram, Shayampet, Nagampeta and

Chandapally

Nalgonda Huzurnagar,

Miryalguda, Chilkur,

Neradicherla, Kodad,

Vemulapally and

Tipparthi

Chilkur , Huzurnagar, Allagadapa, Janakinagar,

Keethavarigudem, Chimryala, Vemulapally,

Madugulapally, Mamidara and Chinna kodur

Khammam Mudigonda,

Nelakondapalli,

Cherla, Sattupalli,

Bayyaram and

Khammam urban

Tatakuru, Madhapuram, Rajeswarpuram,

Chennaram, Ananthanagar, Nalakondpalli,

Ammuguda, Nalakondpalli, Cherla, Thungur,

Thungur, Pakalagudem , Bayyaram and Konijerla

Widely prevalent varieties

Districts Varieties

Ranga Reddy NLR-3041, Tellahamsa, MTU-1010, Harsha Hybrid, HMT Sona and BPT-5204

Mahboobnagar MTU-1010, BPT-5204, Tellahamsa and IR-64

Karimanagar IR64, MTU1010, Kaveri909, JGL3855, BPT5204 and WGL32100

Nalgonda BPT5204 , MTU1010 and IR64

Khammam BPT 5204, Motigold, MTU1010, Loknath, RNR2458, NLR34449, RNR2354,

JGL11118, JGL11118, JGL384, JGL11727, MTU1061 and RNR2465

Almost all the districts surveyed in this part of Andhra Pradesh received excess

rainfall (25-48%). The occurrence of excess rains during kharif and rabi predisposed the rice

crop to a number of pest and diseases. In addition, persistent high humidity with less



sunshine hours was the limitation to raise the productivity in wet season crop. But a

significant impact of the monsoon was that a larger area has been brought under rice

cultivation particularly in canal and tankfed areas. Most predominant varieties cultivated in

this region were BPT 5204, HMT Sona, JGL 384, JGL 1798, MTU 1010, Kavya,

Tellahamsa, MTU 7029, MTU 1001 and IR 64. The major cropping sequences were rice-

rice, dhaincha-rice-rice, greengram-rice-rice, rice-maize/jower, rice-groundnut, rice-rice-

vegetables and rice-fallows. Farmers are applying fertilizers @ 100-190 N, 40-60 P2O5 and

20-40 K2O per hectare. Many farmers are also applying FYM. Farmers are using complex

fertilizers like complex fertilizers viz., 18-46-0, 28-28-0, 17-17-17, 19-19-19/ 20-20-0 and 16-

16-16. Some of the farmers also applied zinc sulphate. Most of the farmers adopted zig zag

method of transplanting. In Khammam and Nalgonda some of the farmers (10-15 %) are

making alleyways for every 2-3 meters as a part of BPH management. The intensity of

common weeds was low to medium and about 80-85% of the farmers are using herbicides

like Oxadiargyl (60%), Butachlor (50%), Anilophos (30%) and Pretilachlor (25%). Most of

the insect pests like BPH, WBPH, stem borer, gall midge, leaf folder were found in low to

moderate intensities. Rice hispa was severe in some parts of Ranga Reddy district. Panicle

mite was noticed in low to moderate intensities in Khammam, Nalgonda, Karimnagar and

Warangal. Among the diseases, false smut was severe (up to 50%) in some places in

Khammam, Nalgonda, karimnagar and Ranga Reddy districts. Grain discolouration was

severe in some of the parts of Nalgonda.

The consolidated parameter wise data are presented below

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Seasonal Conditions

This year monsoon set in time with a good start and continued for a longer period

resulting in receipt of excess rainfall in most of the rice growing areas of Andhra Pradesh.

During kharif, 2010 copious rains received from South West monsoon, June, 2010 onwards

enabled coverage of more rice area than experienced ever before. Torrential rains and high

humidity at the time of maturity and harvest of the crop caused damage in about 7-8 lakh

acres in Andhra Pradesh. During South West monsoon period (June – September 2009) 810.4

mm rainfall was received as against normal 624.1 mm with an excess of 30% rainfall.

Similarly, during North East monsoon period (October – December 2010) a total rainfall of

332.1 mm received as against normal 224.4 mm within excess of 48%.

The rainfall data of the six surveyed districts is presented in the Table 1. In five out

of six districts surveyed, 25 – 48 % of excess rainfall was received during South West

Monsoon period, while normal rainfall (7%) was received in Nalgonda district. During North

East monsoon also excess rainfall was received in Khammam (102%), Karimnagar (47%),

Nalgonda (21%), Warangal (20%), while normal was received in Ranga Reddy (6%). In

Mahabubnagar it was deficit by -32%.



Table 1: District wise rainfall (mm) during South West monsoon / North East

monsoon period from 1.6.2010 to 31.12.2010

District

South West monsoon period

from 1.6.2010 to 30.9.2010

North East monsoon from

1.10.2010 to 31.12.2010

Normal Actual %

Dev.

(+/- )

Status Normal Actual % Dev.

(+ / -)

Status

Ranga Reddy 587.7 870.1 48 Excess 132.0 139.6 6 Normal

Mahabubnagar 446.6 639.0 43 Excess 121.0 81.9 -32 Deficit

Karimnagar 794.6 995.3 25 Excess 114.0 166.2 47 Excess

Nalgonda 561.7 599.2 7 Normal 140.0 168.7 21 Excess

Khammam 890.3 1161.7 30 Excess 130.0 262.8 102 Excess

Warangal 799.1 1067.7 34 Excess 120.0 143.1 20 Excess

Andhra Pradesh 624.1 810.4 30 Excess 224.4 332.1 48 Excess Source: Commissioner, Disaster Management & Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of A.P, Hyderabad; Excess=+20%

& above; Normal=+19 to -19%, Deficit=-20 to -59%, Scanty=-60 to 99%, No rain=-100%

The occurrence of excess rains during kharif and rabi predisposed the rice crop to a number

of pest and diseases. In addition, persistent high humidity with less sunshine hours was the

limitation to raise the productivity in wet season crop. But a significant impact of the

monsoon was that a larger area has been brought under rice cultivation particularly in canal

and tankfed areas.

1.2 Crop Coverage

Area covered in the six districts has been furnished in the Table 2. The impact of the South

West monsoon and North East monsoon resulted in a tremendous increase in percent

coverage (99.76 – 131.23) during kharif 2010 as compared to normal area and also the area

covered last year (57.96 – 358.20).

Table 2: District wise normal and actual rice area (ha) covered during kharif 2010

District Normal Actual % coverage

Compared

to normal

% excess

coverage

Compared to

previous year

2009 2010

Ranga Reddy 20329 12839 20280 99.76 57.96

Mahabubnagar 86331 55650 113287 131.22 103.57

Nalgonda 133153 83089 174740 131.23 110.30

Khammam 133546 32882 150665 112.82 358.20

Karimnagar 137786 85575 163184 118.43 90.69

Warangal 142335 87350 169053 118.77 93.54

Total of 6 districts 653480 357385 791209 121.08 121.39

Total area of A.P. 2522107 2062870 2663101 105.59 29.10

Source: Commissionorate of Agriculture, A.P



1.2 Varietal Composition

The varietal composition (Table 3 and Fig 1) includes BPT 5204, HMT Sona, JGL

384, JGL 1798, MTU 1010, Kavya, Tellahamsa (preferred category) ; IR 64, MTU 1001,

MTU 7029 and other public and private hybrids (non-preferred category). Among the

preferred BPT-5204 is still a ruling variety in the surveyed districts occupying maximum area

i.e. Nalgonda (63.61 %), Khammam and Warangal (40.0 % each), Mahabubnagar (28.0 %),

Ranga Reddy (25.0 %), Karimnagar (21%) due to high premium price in the market, good

cooking quality, suitability under late planting situations with over aged seedlings up to 60

days age.

The variety Cotton Dora Sannalu (MTU-1010) has been identified as next leading

variety accounting for about 35% coverage in Karimnagar followed by Mahabubnagar (32%),

Ranga Reddy (28.0%), Nalgonda (19.5%) and Khammam/ Warangal (15.0% each) in the

composition. Majority of the farmers were satisfied with this variety because of its duration

advantage (125 days), tolerance to BPH, blast etc., and higher yields in both the seasons.

Tellahamsa is another popular variety still occupying larger area especially in Ranga

Reddy and Mahabubnagar districts, accounting for nearly 32 % and 15% respectively in view

of its early duration (115-120 days), good cooking and keeping quality besides better

palatability of straw.

Among the non-preferred varieties, Vijetha (MTU-1001) recorded higher per cent

coverage in different districts viz., Warangal (33.9%), Khammam (28.0%), Mahabubnagar

(12.0%), Ranga Reddy/ Nalgonda/ Karimnagar (4.02-4.99%). Its performance was found to

be good in BPH endemic areas, besides giving higher yields particularly in Warangal and

Karimnagar districts.

Table 3: District wise variety wise rice area (ha) covered during kharif 2010 Variety R.R MBNR NLG KMM KMNR WGL

Preferred

BPT 5204 5070

(25.00)

31720

(28.00)

111150

(63.61)

60266

(40.00)

34269

(21.00)

67621

(40.00)

HMT sona 345

(1.70)

710

(0.63)

- 2580

(1.71)

6527

(4.00)

2650

(1.57)

JGL varieties 297

(1.46)

225

(0.20)

- 6027

(4.00)

17950

(11.00)

7850

(4.64)

MTU1010 5678

(28.00)

36251

(32.00)

34200

(19.57)

22600

(15.00)

57114

(35.00)

25357

(15.00)

Tellahamsa 6490

(32.00)

16990

(15.00)

-

-

-

-

Kavya -

-

-

-

8168

(5.01)

510

(0.30)

Non-preferred

IR64 685

(3.38)

4625

(4.08)

2534

(1.45)

-

14687

(9.00)

1050

(0.62)

MTU 1001 815

(4.02)

13590

(12.00)

8500

(4.86)

42186

(28.00)

8150

(4.99)

57320

(33.91)

MTU 7029 -

-

15349

(8.78)

3586

(2.38)

6527

(4.00)

2425

(1.43)

Others 900

(4.44)

9176

(8.10)

3007

(1.72)

13420

(8.91)

9792

(6.00)

4270

(2.53)

Total 20280 113287 174740 150665 163184 169053 Figures in parenthesis are percentages; Source: Commissionorate of Agriculture, A.P & concerned district JDAs



The team came across few locations wherein the farmers are growing public and

private hybrids to a limited extent. Very few farmers are adopting SRI cultivation in the

surveyed districts and it was restricted to small holdings (0.5 to 0.75 acres) under NFSM

programme. At Pakalagudem village of Sattupalli mandal, Khammam Dt., a farmer practiced

innovative method of rice cultivation through drip and reported an average yield of 25

bags/acre.

Among the recently released varieties the aromatic short grain variety, Sugandha Samba

(RNR 2465) is becoming very popular among the farmers because of its aroma and good

cooking quality.

Among the rice minikits of ANGRAU which are under testing in the surveyed

districts viz., RNR 2458, RNR 2354, WGL 347, WGL 11727, JGL 13295 performed better,

gaining much popularity in the districts of Khammam, Warangal and Nalgonda owing to

procession of some specific features like aroma, and resistance to either gall midge or blast.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

% a

rea

co

ve

rag

e

BPT 5204 HMT sona JGL

varieties

MTU1010 Tellahamsa Kavya IR64 MTU 1001 MTU 7029 Others

Variety

Fig 1. District wise percent area coverage of different rice varieties, kharif 2010

R.R MBNR NLG KMM KMNR WGL

1.4. Crop Condition

This year, south west monsoon not only made a good beginning but was very active

all through over Telangana districts and its influence resulted in wide spread rains in the six

districts which enabled the farmers to take up the sowings of long duration varieties i.e., BPT

5204, HMT Sona, MTU 7029 in the month of June under wells, bore wells even without

waiting for the release of canal water in the commands of SRSP, NSP left and Jurala project.

The transplanting of medium duration varieties mainly MTU-1010, MTU-1001, Kavya, JGL

varieties, IR-64 etc., were spread over from July to September depending on the availability

of water and labour. Due to insufficient rainfall up to end of July (21-07-2010) there was

some delay in Karimnagar(-38%), Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda in transplanting of

popularly grown varieties (BPT 5204, MTU 1010, MTU 1001 etc.,), thereby predisposing

the crop to gall midge attack in moderate to severe form.



During initial stages of crop growth i.e., tillering stage low intensity of yellow stem

borer (YSB) was noticed from August 1st fortnight in the district of Nalgonda, Warangal,

Khammam followed by medium intensity of leaf folder, whorl maggot from second fortnight

of August in the all the surveyed districts. During first fortnight of September hispa damage

was noticed particularly in Ranga Reddy, Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda wherein BPT-5204

was adversely affected under late planted situation. Severe cyclonic rains in the months of

September/November created congenial atmosphere for bacterial leaf blight and BPH

incidence. Further, BPH incidence was noticed in almost all the districts surveyed.

Sheath rot and panicle mite incidence were also noticed at the fag end of the crop

stage and the intensity was moderate to high in superfine grain varieties (BPT 5204, JGL and

WGL cultures) while it was low in coarse grain varieties (MTU 1010, MTU 1001,

Tellahamsa etc.,).

The cyclonic rains at the ripening/ harvesting stage in the months of November /

December damaged the crops in some areas of Nalgonda/ Ranga Reddy/ Khammam/

Warangal districts in the form of lodging. Prevalence of continuous rainy weather coupled

with high humidity at flowering resulted in incidence of false smut in intense form in all the

surveyed districts. Its intensity was severe (>50%) in fine grain types as compared to coarse

grain varieties, which may become a major concern from grain quality point of view in

future.

1.4 Cropping pattern

Rice-Rice is the major prevailing cropping system followed by Dhaincha-Rice-Rice :

Greengram-Rice-Rice : Rice-Maize/Jowar : Rice-Groundnut : Rice-Rice-Vegetable : Rice-

Vegetables and Rice-Fallow in the surveyed districts. Due to continuous availability of water

in tanks, wells and commands, the farmers are showing willingness for rice-rice cropping

system. However, the percentage crop land under rice was restricted from 40 to 90 %

depending up on the natural resources and availability of labour on the whole. Upon enquiry

with the farmers it was known that most of the farmers adhere to recommended cut of dates

for transplanting of rice varieties based on the duration group. However in few locations

particularly Mahabubnagar, Karimnagar, Warangal under command areas the transplanting

dates for medium/long duration were extended (15-30 days) due to non availability of the

labour for transplanting and abnormal weather conditions. Normally, long duration varieties

are sown first in June, followed by medium and short duration varieties as per the availability

and source of water.

2.0 NURSERY MANAGAMENT

2.1 Seed Rate

Of the six districts surveyed, majority of the farmers are adopting recommended seed

rate of 75 kg/ha since they were purchasing through private agencies, Department of

Agriculture & DCMS etc. in the definite packing size of 30 kg. Farmer to farmer spread is

very common in case of varieties covered in huge areas like BPT 5204 and MTU 1010.

2.2 Nutrient Application

About 80% of the farmers in the surveyed districts are applying FYM @ 250-500 kg /

5 cents along with 2-4kg N, 1-2 kg P for 5 cents in the form of DAP/Urea. Nursery protection

with Carbofuran granules @ 1 kg/5 cents was adopted by majority of the farmers just one



week before pulling of the nursery. A lot of awareness about the better performance of the

Carbofuran application enabled the farmers in the management of early stage pest complex in

the main field. Compared to Phorate application and this has received good momentum

among the farming community.

3.0 MAIN FIELD

3.1 Manures application

Progressive and marginal farmers were applying FYM @ 2-10 t/ha or Poultry manure

@ 2-5 t/ha depending up on the availability. Usage of poultry manure was higher in the

districts of Warangal and Karimnagar as compared to other districts. The significant findings

of the survey indicated that awareness has come on the importance of green manuring which

is evident from the majority of the farmers (40%) growing green manure crops (greengram,

dhaincha, Pongamia, Crotaleria etc.) with the onset of the monsoon. Non availability of

green manure seed compelled the majority of the sub marginal farmers to depend only on the

inorganic fertilizers.

3.2 Fertilizer dosage

The survey revealed that due to moderate and high responsiveness of high yielding

varieties to applied NPK, the farmers are going in for various dosages in the ratio of 100-190

N, 40-60 P, 20-40 K in the form of complex fertilizers viz., 18-46-0, 28-28-0, 17-17-17, 19-

19-19/ 20-20-0 and 16-16-16. The farmers were applying nitrogen in 2-4 splits coinciding

with the tillering, maximum tillering/ booting, panicle initiation and 10-15 % at flowering

stage. Majority of the farmers applied potash in the form of MOP either in single split @ 35-

50 kg/acre (black soils) or in two splits @ 15-20 kg/acre (light soils). However, potash

availability was found to be a limiting factor at few locations of Mahabubnagar district.

3.3 Any other amendments

Application of zinc was adopted by majority of the farmers (75-80%) as its

availability was made easily though subsidy programme by Department of Agriculture/

DCMS. It was noticed that most of the farmers were applying zinc sulphate @ 25 kg/ha

instead of recommended dosage of 50 kg/ha. Few farmers are correcting the zinc deficiency

symptoms in the main field by spraying of chelated zinc formulations during the crop growth.

But few farmers are mixing zinc with either fertilizers or pesticides due to lack of timely

guidance.

3.4 Transplanting method

Zig zag planting method is the only practice adopted by all the farmers even today,

however, in Khammam and Nalgonda the farmers (10-15 %) are making alleyways for every

2-3 meters as a part of BPH management.



3.5 Plant density

A plant population of 22-25 hills/m2 is generally maintained in majority of the fields

irrespective of the variety and planting time.

3.6 Weed infestation

Weed infestation was in the range of low to medium and the predominant weed

composition in the surveyed districts was in the descending order (Echinocloa colanum,

E.crusgalli, Cyandon dactylon, Cyprus rotandus, Leersia hexandra, Panicum ripens,

Brachiria mutica, Arudo donux, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Dinedra retrofolea, Isache

elegans, Ergostris tenuifolea, Plantago spp., Paspalam dictuem, Glyceria acutifolia,

Euphorbia spp. and Parthenium spp).

3.7 Herbicide usage

Usage of herbicides in the rice cultivation gained much importance and popularity

among the farmers which mainly attributed to its easy availability in the local market and

shortage of labour for manual weeding. About 80-85% of the surveyed farmers were adopting

the usage of herbicides. The popular herbicides used in the surveyed districts include

Oxadiargyl (60%), Butachlor (50%), Anilophos (30%) and Pretilachlor (25%). Because of

shortage of labour farmers are also willing to use post emergence herbicides also, but

awareness on this aspect is lacking.

4 PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS

4.1 Biotic Constraints

Among the various insect pests the incidence of BPH was noticed during the fag end

of the crop season in all the districts accounting for 2-15% (Table 4). Besides incidence of

WBPH damage noticed in Mahabubnagar (10%), Nalgonda (3-5%) and Karimnagar (2%).

Similarly, YSB damage was also recorded in all the districts ranging from 2-20% but, its

damage was maximum in Karimnagar (20%) and as low as in Warangal (5%). During this

Kharif 2010 the incidence of gall midge was said to be a sudden outbreak in the districts of

Nalgonda (3-10%), Warangal (8-15%), Ranga Reddy (5-10%), Khammam (3-8%) and

Mahabubnagar (15%) due to growing of gall midge susceptible varieties viz., BPT-5204,

MTU-1001 & MTU-1010 etc., over larger areas in the surveyed districts.

Table 4: District wise insect pest damage recorded during kharif, 2010 District Percent insect pest damage

BPH WBPH YSB

(WE)

Gall

midge

Hispa Leaf

folder

Whorl

maggot

Panicle

mite

Case

worm

Horned

caterpillar

KMM 2-15 - 2-10 3-8 2-3 2-5 2-10 2-20 3 3

NLG 2-10 3-5 2-10 3-10 3 3-10 3 2-10 - -

MBNR 2-10 10 5-10 5 3-5 3-10 - - 3 3

KRMR 5-15 2 5-20 - - - 2 10 - -

WGL 5-15 - 5 2-15 - 3-10 3 3-5 - -

RR 5-15 - 5-15 5-10 5-35 5-10 - - - -

Source: Concerned district JDAs

During early stages of crop growth damage due to hispa (2-3%), leaf folder (2-10%) and

whorl maggot (2-10%) was noticed particularly under planted conditions where the varieties viz.,

BPT 5204, MTU 7029, HMT Sona etc., were affected. In Hayatnagar mandal, Ranga Reddy

District the damage due to hispa attack was very severe in BPT 5204 (35%) as compared to other



varieties. Panicle mite incidence was found to be severe in Khammam (2-20%) followed by

Nalgonda (2-10%), Karimnagar (10%) and Warangal (3-5%).Particularly, the fine grain varieties

viz., BPT-5204, HMT Sona, JGL varieties were badly affected compared to coarse grain types. The

per cent damage due to case worm (3%) and horned caterpillar (3%) was considered to be

negligible and restricted to Khammam and Mahabubnagar districts.

Among the various diseases, incidence due to leaf blast was in the range of 2-5% in

Khammam, Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar districts (Table 5). While, neck blast incidence was

maximum in Khammam (2-35%) followed by Karimnagar (3-20%), Warangal (5-15%), Nalgonda

(2-15%), Ranga Reddy (5-10%) and Mahabubnagar (2-10%). In fine grain varieties viz., BPT 5204,

HMT Sona, JGL 1798, JGL 3844, JGL 384, WGL 14 and other private hybrids were damaged

severely as compared to coarse grain type varieties. Grain discolouration was more in these

varieties.

Table 5: District wise per cent disease incidence recorded during kharif, 2010 District Per cent disease incidence

LB NBl Shbl ShR SR FS BLB BS NBLS GD

KMM 2-5 2-35 3-10 - - 5-50 - 2 5 2-10

NLG 2-5 2-15 2-40 - - 2-40 5 - - 5-70

MBNR 2-5 2-10 5-10 5 3 5 10 - 5-10

KRMR - 3-20 3-5 5-20 - 5-50 3 - - -

WGL - 5-15 5-10 3-40 - - 5 - - -

RR - 5-10 - - - 5-30 - - - 15 Source: Concerned district JDAs

Sheath blight incidence was severe in Nalgonda (2-40%) as compared to the remaining (5)

districts (3-10%) surveyed during the post flowering stage of the crop. Similarly sheath rot

incidence was found to be on higher side in Warangal (3-40%) followed by Karimnagar (5-20%)

and Mahabubnagar (5%). False smut disease incidence is becoming a major threat in all the six

surveyed districts. Its damage was found to be severe in Karimnagar / Khammam (5-50%)

followed by Nalgonda (2-40%), Ranga Reddy (5-30%), Warangal (5-25%) and Mahabubnagar (5-

15%) particularly fine grain types grown under late planted situations. Damage due to grain

discolouration was said to be another threat in Nalgonda recording highest incidence (5-70%)

followed by Ranga Reddy (15%), Mahabubnagar (5-10%) & Khammam (2-10%). Brown spot and

narrow brown spot (NBS) incidence was recorded in Khammam (2-5%) and Mahabubnagar (10%)

affecting the fine grain type varieties due to the receipt of cyclonic rains in the month of November

/ December. Among the bacterial diseases, bacterial leaf blight incidence was in the range of 3 – 5

% and it was noticed during maximum tillering to booting stage irrespective of the varieties grown

due to cyclonic rains and congenial weather conditions in all the five districts except Khammam /

Ranga Reddy. Control measures suggested for BLB were ineffective and farmers are greatly in

need of BLB resistant varieties, like Improved Samba mahsuri.

4.2 Abiotic constrains

Continuous cloudy weather and rains from booting to post flowering stage predisposed the

crop to intermittent sterility to the extent of 3-8% in fine grain types as compared to coarse grain

types (2-3%) which was mainly attributed to the loss of pollen due to heavy down pour during the

flowering time particularly in BPT-5204, MTU-1010, MTU-7029, HMT Sona etc..



5 FARM IMPLEMENTS & MACHINERY

Farmers were able to procure the land preparation, inter-cultivation equipment

through the Department of Agriculture on subsidized rates. They have also expressed that the

transplanters suitable to different soils made easily available at low cost under subsidy

programmme due to shortage of man power in the villages. On interaction with farmers and

departmental officials it was noticed that due to continuous rains during harvesting stage

compelled the farmers to go for manual harvesting at majority of the places. Only 30-40% of

the farmers have gone for usage of combined harvesters because of hike in the hiring charges

from Rs.1800 to Rs. 2500 / hour.

6 PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES

As far as the plant protection measures are concerned a lot of awareness has come

among the farming community particularly with usage of granular formulations against

control of early stage insect pests. Majority of the farmers (65%) were using Carbofuran 3G

@ 1 kg / 5 cents in the nursery management in early stage pest complex instead of phorate

10G. The district wise usage of micro nutrients (Zinc) and adoption of plant protection

measures was in the range of 13-80% and 10-95% respectively (Table 6). Most of the farmers

are correcting zinc deficiency in the rice fields either by soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25-50

kg / ha or spraying of chelated zinc @ 250-500 gm / ha. Its usage was maximum in Nalgonda

(80%) followed by Khammam (60%), Warangal (53%), Karimnagar (43%), Mahabubnagar

(40%) and Ranga Reddy (13%).

Table 6: District wise per cent of farmers correcting micronutrient deficiencies

and adopting plant protection measures during kharif, 2010

District Per cent Correcting Micro

Nutrient Deficiency

Measures

Per cent Plant Protection

Adoption

KMM 60.00 40-90

NLG 80.00 30-90

MBNR 40.00 30-80

KRMR 45.00 40-90

WGL 53.00 40-95

RR 13.00 10-90

Similarly, the awareness and adoption of plant protection measures by the rice

farmers in the surveyed districts gaining momentum and its usage was maximum in Warangal

(40-95%) followed by Karimnagar / Khammam (40-90%) , Nalgonda (30-90%),

Mahabubnagar (30-80%) and Ranga Reddy (10-90%). Cartaphydrochloride (4G) / 50% SP)

formulations and Buprofezin were being extensively used for the management of YSB and

BPH respectively. The other insecticides viz., Acephate, Imidacloprid, Endosulfan,

Lamdacyhalothrin and Profenophos are commonly used for the management of different

insect pest in the rice ecosystem. Hand sprayers and power sprayers are being used for

spraying purpose. Among the fungicides usage of Tricyclazole was maximum (80%)

followed by Isoprothiolane (15%) and Carbendazim (5%) for the management of leaf blast /

neck blast. However, the farmers could not able to manage the false smut and grain

discolouration because lack of awareness on the timely spraying of recommended chemicals

twice at panicle emergence and flowering time. The farmers have expressed that the



combination products like Saaf, Companion, Master (Carbendazim + Mancozeb) performed

better in reducing the false smut and grain discolouration when sprayed during flowering

stage. Hexaconazole and Propiconazole were being used to a greater extent for the control of

sheath blight / stem rot / sheath rot etc..

7 POST HARVEST LOSSES

Due to unprecedented rains at the fag end of the crop growth the farmers could not

harvest the fields on time. Draining of the water from the fields was the main hurdle. As such

crop lodging and shattering was noticed due to over drying especially in varieties like MTU

1010, BPT 5204 & HMT Sona. Shattering losses up to 2-5%, losses due to cleaning and

handling estimated to the tune of 2-3% was noticed but, majority of the farmers sold their

produce without storing, hence the storage losses were considered to be negligible. However,

in some cases the storage losses were expected to be around 2-5 per cent.

8 MARKETING

Farmers expressed their unhappiness for not procuring the super fine grain type

varieties by the Government agencies and private traders thereby the farmers were compelled

to sell their produce of BPT-5204, HMT Sona, JGL & WGL varieties to the local traders in

the village itself at a lower price Rs.750-950 / quintal as against minimum support price of

Rs.1030-1080 / quintal. During this Kharif, there was a demand in the market for the fine and

coarse type varieties (MTU 1010, MTU 1001 & Swarna) and procured at Rs.950-1030 /

quintal as compared to super fine grain varieties. Under Indira Kanthi Pathakam wherein the

Government has opened procurement centres in major paddy growing areas with the

assistance of DWACRA Mahila groups helped the farming community in getting the

expected minimum support price of Rs.1030 / quintal.

9 YIELD

District wise provisional yields recorded are presented in (Table 7). Sampled farmer

wise yield data is furnished as Annexures (1-6).

Table 7. District wise rice yield during kharif 2010

District Yield (kg/ha)

Minimum Maximum Average

Ranga Reddy 1400 8750 4040

Mahabubnagar 2800 6125 4636

Karimnagar 2625 7875 5053

Nalgonda 3850 6650 5098

Khammam 4200 8750 5595

Warangal 2100 7000 5153



10 FEED BACK

The following were the major issues posed by the farmers and are presented in the table 8.

Table 8: Per cent opinion of the farmers towards requirements

S.No. Requirements of the farmers % Farmers

opinion

1 Requirement of medium duration (130-135 days) varieties

having fine grain type along with resistance to BPH/ blast

80

2 Adequate supply of complex fertilizers / straight fertilizers 80

3 Supply of rice transplanters at low cost under subsidy

programme

70

4 Adequate supply of green manure seed well in advance of

season

70

5 New fungicidal molecules for the management of multiple

diseases

60

6 Requirement of varieties resistant to false smut 50

7 Requirement of varieties alternate to MTU-1010 / MTU-1001 30

IMPORTANT ISSUES WHICH NEED IMMEDIATE ATTENTION

Development of hybrids which give 5-10 bags extra yield and match present popular

high yielding varieties in quality and their popularization

Providing levelers and awareness on leveling and maintenance of optimum plant

population especially for direct seeding

Development of multiple pest and disease resistant varieties

Research on emerging minor diseases like false smut intensified

Timely supply of quality seed and inputs.

Supply of sufficient green manure seed on subsidy

Supply of transplanters and training on their usage

Designing of power operated weeders to control weeds and for intercultivation, which

has lot of impact on productivity

Awareness on ill effects of misuse of latest pesticide molecules

There is a need to educate the farmers on time of spraying, dosage and number of

sprays in plant protection

Designing harvesters capable of harvesting under ill drained conditions

Facilities for drying, cleaning and storage have to be provided to enable quality

produce reaching the markets as per FAQ

Stringent measures to avoid exploitation by traders.



Andhra Pradesh-2

Districts surveyed:

East Godavari and West Godavari Districts


District Mandals

East Godavari Ravulapalem, Alamuru, Kapileswarapuram, Draksharamam, Pedapudi,

Ramchandrapuram, Rayavaram, Inavilli, Mummadivaram, Gannavaram,

and P.Gannavaram.

West Godavari Achanta, Poduru, Palakollu, Veeravasaram, Bhimavaram, Attili,

Iragavaram, Tanuku and Penumantra


District Varieties

East Godavari Swarna (MTU-7029), Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba

Mahsuri (BPT-5204), Badava mahsuri (PLA-1100), Cottondora Sannalu

(MTU-1010), Prabhat (MTU-3626), Vijetha (MTU-1001), IR-64, MTU-

2716 and varieties from Nuziveedu Seeds

West Godavari Swarna (MTU-7029), Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba

Mahsuri (BPT-5204), Badava mahsuri (PLA-1100), Cottondora Sannalu

(MTU-1010), Prabhat (MTU-3626), Vijetha (MTU-1001), IR-64, MTU-

2716 and Nuziveedu Seeds

Particulars of rice area (District wise)

District Normal area (ha) Area planted (ha) Irrigated area (ha)

East Godavari 2,25,846 2,32, 943 2,28, 925

West Godavari 2, 44,126 2,51,739 2, 48, 774

Weather information during crop season of 2010 in East Godavari:

Month Rainfall

(mm)

No.of rainy

days

Temperature Relative

Humidity

(Morning) Maximum(

oC) Minimum(

oC)

June 2010 162.7 8 34.80 28.00 80.00

July 2010 352.0 10 34.80 30.00 80.00

August 2010 282.9 8 32.48 28.10 87.00

September 2010 205.7 10 33.00 27.40 91.00

October 2010 251.4 8 32.94 29.30 76.80

November 2010 320.9 10 34.30 31.74 86.38

December 2010 151.1 4 27.60 20.30 87.00



Weather information during crop season of 2010 in East Godavari:

Month Rainfall No.of rainy

days

Temperature Relative

Humidity

(Morning) Maximum(

oC) Minimum(

oC)

June 2010 108.6 7 34.10 26.20 85.10

July 2010 354.4 18 29.27 24.14 88.20

August 2010 306.6 13 30.41 24.88 88.29

September 2010 390.8 16 29.96 23.73 88.60

October 2010 337.0 11 29.59 23.82 87.22

November 2010 234.6 12 28.88 22.43 87.17

December 2010 107.0 3 27.20 18.40 87.40

Major constraints faced by the farmers in this region

Biotic constraints Sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, false smut, stem borer, leaf

folder and rodents are the major biotic constraints. Rodent out

break occurred during rabi 2009 and kharif 2010.

Abiotic constraints Continuous and heavy rains from June to December resulted in

submergence at vegetative phase and crop lodging at maturity

resulting in crop damage, grain discolouration and reduced yields.

Production Oriented Survey (POS) was conducted in East Godavari and West

Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. Canals, bore wells, tanks and filter points were the

main sources of irrigation. Canal water comes from Godavari River. The popular varieties in

these districts are Swarna (MTU-7029), Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba

mahsuri (BPT-5204), Badava mahsuri (PLA-1100), Cottondora Sannalu (MTU-1010),

Prabhat (MTU-3626), Vijetha (MTU-1001), MTU-2716 and IR 64 and of which Swarna

(MTU-7029) occupied nearly 80 per cent of the paddy area in these two districts. The newly

released varieties like MTU- 1061 and MTU- 1064 were predominant in low lying areas like

Achanta, poduru and palakollu mandals of West Godavari where submergence is a problem.

Short duration rice varieties like MTU-1010, MTU-3626 and IR-64 were sown for seed

purpose to be sown in rabi season.

The common crop rotations were paddy-paddy; paddy-paddy-pulse; paddy-pulse;

paddy-sugarcane; paddy-paddy-maize; paddy-maize and paddy-fodder. The inputs like seeds,

pesticides and fertilizers were adequate. Seed is obtained from APSSDC, farmer to farmer,

Co-operative societies and Research Stations. Pesticides and fertilizers were purchased from

the local pesticide dealers. Machinery like combined harvester, transplanter and drum seeder

used for direct sowing were used wherever their feasibility was there. Puddling operation was

taken up by using tractor mounted cage wheels and power tillers. Nearly 10 per cent of the

farmers used different types of paddy transplanters (manually operated, Kubota, Yanji sakthi

and Yanmar type). Private companies introduced the transplanters as well as combine

harvesters during peak season where as drum seeder was supplied by the Department of

Agriculture. Drying and storage facilities were inadequate. Almost all the farmers took

threshing of paddy on the roads.



Majority of farmers sold the produce immediately after threshing as the produce was

discolored due to crop lodging and soaking in rain water. Very few farmers applied farmyard

manure. Most of the farmers applied complex fertilizers as top dressing. The use of

phosphatic and potassium fertilizers was satisfactory but some farmers applied excess

nitrogenous fertilizers. The fertilizers like DAP, 20-20, 10-26-26 and 14-35-14 were used by

majority of farmers. Among diseases, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight were moderate to

severe and other diseases like false smut were found in low to moderate level. Among insect

pests, stem borer, leaf folder, panicle mite and brown plant hopper were observed in low to

moderate level. Rat damage was severe in almost all the areas and on all the varieties sown.

Farmers took protective measures like bromadiolone baiting, traditional butta trap, burrow

fumigation and passing electricity around the field for control of rodent pest. Post harvest

losses occurred due to heavy rains received after crop harvest and when the crop was spread

as heaps for drying. Even the big heaps were soaked before threshing resulting in grain

discolouration and even germination in some cases.

District wise observations:

East Godavari: The survey was conducted on 25th

and 26th October 2010 covering

11mandals of the district. The predominant varieties grown in this district were Swarna

(MTU-7029), Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204), Indra (MTU-1061), Amara (MTU-1064), Vijetha

(MTU-1001) and Cottondora sannalu (MTU-1010). Samba Mahsuri was grown mainly in

upland mandals like U. Kothapalli, Pitapuram and Peddapuram. The weather conditions were

abnormal and the crop suffered due to continuous rains throughout the crop growth period.

Heavy rains in the month of November coinciding with crop harvest resulted in crop lodging

and subsequent soaking in rain water. Hence yields were reduced (1.9-2.5 tonnes/ha) when

compared to previous seasons (3.5-4.5 tonnes/ha). Grain discoloration was observed in

almost all the villages surveyed. Farmers could not take out the harvested paddy from rain

water stagnated in the fields. At some locations, heaps kept on the roads prior to threshing

were soaked in rain water resulting in grain discolouration. Private agencies played major

role in supply of inputs like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. Canal irrigation was the main

source of water to the crop. The main crop rotation in the district was rice-rice, rice-rice-pulse

and rice-rice-maize. Fertilizer application consisted of 80 kg N/ha, 40kg P2O5 /ha and 40 kg

K2O/ha. Very few farmers applied straight fertilizers and majority of them applied complex

fertilizers as top dressing. The commonly used fertilizers were 28-28-0; 20-20-0 and 10-26-

26. The main method of planting was random excepting in fields where machine

transplanting was taken up. The level of weed infestation was low to moderate. The common

weeds were Echinocloa colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyprus rotundus, C.iria, Fimbristilis sp.,

Monochoria vaginalis, Marsilia quadrifolia, Eclipta alba, E. prostrata, Eichhornia crassipes

and alternanthra sessalis, commelina bengalensis, Ammamia baccifera, Bergia maanioides,

Phyla nodulosa and Mullugo distich. The major weeds in irrigation channels was Eichhornia

crassipes and Ipomia aquatica. Farmers used herbicides like rifit (pretilachlor), butachlor,

topstar (oxadiargyl) and Sathi (pyrazosulfuran) for weed control. Weedicide, Sathi was

mostly used under direct sown condition. Inputs like seed , fertilizers, pesticides were

adequate. However, drying and storage facilities were inadequate. Threshing and drying of

the produce was done on the roads. Among diseases, bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight

were observed in modeate to severe form. Bacterial leaf blight was severe on BPT-5204,

MTU-3626 and MTU-2077 whereas it is low in MTU-7029 (Swarna) and early sown crop

affected more rather than late sown. Stem borer and leaf folder incidence was low to



moderate while brown plant hopper incidence was low. Most of the farmers used

hexaconazole for control of sheath blight and Applaud (buprofezin) for control of brown

plant hopper. Hand sprayers as well as Thaiwan sprayers were used for application of

insecticides. Indiscriminate mixing of fungicide and insecticides was the most common

practice adopted by the farmers. The rate of adoption of plant protection measures was almost

100%. Farmers applied pesticides like hexaconazole (2ml/lit), validamycin (2ml/lit.) for

sheath blight; profenophos (2ml/lit.) acephate, cartap hydrochloride (4G and 50 SP) and

monocrotophos (1.6ml/lit.) for stem borer control while acephate (1.5g/lit.), monocrotophos

(2.2ml/lit.), fenvalrate and buprofezin for brown plant hopper. Though the machinery like

drum seeder, combined harvester cum threshers and transplanters are available in this area

they were used by only 5% of farmers because they are unsuitable in some area where soil is

heavy and will not dry for longer period. There was acute shortage of farm labour during

harvesting and heaping period. Farmers were not having any drying and storage facilities.

Threshing was done on the roads with tractors since the fields did not dry by the time of crop

harvest.

West Godavari: The survey was conducted during November 2010 covering 9 mandals of

the district. The predominant varieties grown in this district were Swarna (MTU-7029),

Amara (MTU-1064), Indra (MTU-1061), Samba mahsuri (BPT-5204), Vijetha (MTU-1001),

Prabhat (MTU-3626) and Cottondora sannalu (MTU-1010).The weather conditions were

abnormal and the crop was subjected to submergence at vegetative phase and lodging at

maturity stage because of heavy rains throughout the crop growth period. The yields recorded

were below average (1.5-2.0t/ha) and grain discoloration was observed wherever the crop

was subjected lodging. Farmer to farmer, APSSDC and co-operative societies supplied seed,

whereas private agencies played major role in supply of inputs like fertilizers and pesticides.

The main crop rotation in the district was rice-rice, rice-rice-pulse, rice-maize and rice

sugarcane. Canal irrigation was the main source of irrigation. Borewell irrigation was

common in upland mandals where direct sowing is practiced. Fertilizer application consisted

of 80-100 kg N/ha, 60kg P2O5 /ha and 40kg K2O/ha. Phosphatic fertilizer was applied in the

form of complex fertilizers as basal and top dressing while, potassium was applied only once

after transplanting (7-10 DAT). The level of weed infestation was moderate. The common

weeds were Echinocloa colonum, Cyprus rotundus, Fimbristilis sp., Monochoria vaginalis, Marsilia quadrifolia, Eclipta alba, E. prostrata, Eichhornia crassipes and alternanthra

sessalis, commelina bengalensis, Phyla nodulosa and Mullugo disticha. Usage of herbicides

has been increased when compared to previous years. Farmers used herbicides like topstar,

pretilachlor and butachlor for weed control. Plant protection equipment, seeds, water, power,

fertilizers and pesticides were sufficiently available to the farmers. However drying and

storage facilities were not adequate. Threshings were taken on the roads as the fields were

wet and did not permit threshing operation. Among diseases, sheath blight and bacterial leaf

blight were observed in low to moderate level. Incidence of bacterial leaf blight was high on

MTU-3626, PLA-1100 and BPT-5204. Stem borer and leaf folder occurred in moderate level

and brown plant hopper incidence was low in the district. Incidence of other pests like rice

hispa, galmidge and green leaf hopper was also observed in the district. Galmidge problem

has been observed since last three years. The number of pesticide sprayings was reduced

when compared to previous year. Most farmers used thaiwan sprayers for application of

insecticides and fungicides. Mixing of fungicide and insecticide was the most common

practice adopted by the farmers. There were instances where farmers used more than three

pesticides in the same tank mix. The rate of adoption of plant protection measures was almost

100%. Farmers applied pesticides like hexaconazole (2ml/lit), for sheath blight; profenophos

(2.0ml/lit.), cartap hydrochloride (50% SP and 4G granules), acephate (1.5g/lit.),



monocrotophos (1.6 ml/lit.) and chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) for stem borer control.

Chemicals like buprofezin (1.6ml/lit.) and acephate (1.5g/lit.) were used against brown plant

hopper. Losses occurred before and after crop harvest due to crop lodging and soaking of

heaps after harvest. Grain discoloration occurred in all the fields surveyed and farmers did

not get market price.

Prevalence of diseases and pests in coastal Andhra Pradesh

District Diseases

SHBL NBL BLB STR Sh.R FS

East Godavari M-S -- M-S L L L-M

West Godavari M -- L-M -- -- L-M

District Insect pests

LF SB RH GM BPH GLH Rats

East Godavari M M-S L L L L M-S

West Godavari M M L L L L M-S



Andhra Pradesh - 3

Districts surveyed:

Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam

Details of survey

District Mandal Villages

Srikakulam Patapatnam, Boorji,

Palakonda, Kottur,

Bamini, Srikakulam,

Amadalavalasa

Kabuwada, Temera, Singupuram, Kondapeta,

Ragidiamadalavalasa, Tuniwada, Vangara,

Singannapalem, Chinalankam, Kottur, Baleru,

Liviri, Bamini, Ragolu, Bavajipeta, Doosi,

Doosipeta

Vizianagaram Jami, L.kota,

Bondapalli,

Gajapatinagaram,

Pentada

Petalapalem, Jami, Ettedevalasa, Telari,

Kasapeta, L.kota, Pothalavanipalem, Kasapeta,

Nelliwada, Puritipenta, Gangacholipeta,

Pentada

Visakhapatnam Bhimili, Pedmanabham,

Anandapuram, Pendurti,

Sabbavaram,

Anakapalli, Chodavaram

Tatiturru, Singanabandu, Majjivalasa,

Reddipali, Chennapuram, Maddi, Chirlapalem,

Mukundapuram, Peddipalem, Podugupalem,

Chintalaagraharam, Ramapuram, Pinagada,

Mogalipuram, Gullepalli, Sankaram, Marturu,

Bagulawada, Gandavaram

Widely prevalent varieties /Hybrids in the North Coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh

District Varieties/ Hybrids

Srikakulam Swarna, Samba mashuri, MTU- 1001, MTU 1010, Sona mashuri, RGL

2537, RGL 2538, JGL-1798, Jaya, Super Jaya, MTU-1061, Pooja, KRH-

2, NLR-34449

Vizianagaram Sona mashuri, MTU 1001, Swarna, Samba mashuri, MTU 10101, RGL-

2537, Jaya, MTU 1061, JGL 1798

Visakhapatnam RGL 2537, RGL 2538, Swarna, Samba mashuri, Sona mashuri, RGL

11226, Jaya, Super Jaya, MTU 1001, JGL 1798

Weather conditions at ARS, Ragolu during kharif 2010-11

Weather data Months

June July Augu

st

Septemb

er

Octob

er

Novemb

er

Decemb

er

Rainy days (No.) 11 17 18 13 16 7 6

Total rainfall (mm) 202.3 278.2 240.6 281.7 289.7 262.8 167.4

Temperature (0c)

Max. 33.43 30.54 31.12 31.88 30.22 29.93 26.70

Min. 27.43 26.54 26.87 26.23 24.98 22.90 17.38

Relative humidity (%)

Morning 85.70 88.87 89.25 90.43 91.90 91.40 89.61

Evening 78.20 81.74 81.03 81.17 84.67 76.20 72.90

Source: ARS, Ragolu Meteorological unit.



District wise area covered (Paddy) in hectares during kharif 2010

District Total

cropped

area

Area under paddy cultivation % of total

area under

paddy Current

Year

Last Year % Increase

or decrease

Srikakulam 2,53,921 2,03,308 1,85,779 9.44 80.06

Vizianagaram 3,23,000 1,22,901 78,500 56.56 38.04

Visakhapatnam 2,16,546 1,07,565 87,788 22.53 49.67

Source: DAATTC (ANGRAU) of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts

Variety-wise rice area covered (% of total rice area) in three districts of North coastal

zone during kharif 2010-11

Variety Srikakulam Vizianagaram Visakhapatnam

MTU 1010 5.14 8.00 1.20

MTU 7029 30.10 18.00 12.00

BPT 5204 24.98 12.00 16.50

JGL 1798 3.00 2.00 6.60

Sona mashuri 5.05 26.00 21.80

RGL 2537 5.05 2.00 31.50

RGL 2538 4.94 1.00 4.00

MTU 1001 15.05 22.00 2.40

Hybrids and others 6.69 9.00 4.00

The predominant varieties grown in the zone include Swarna (MTU 7029), Samba

mashuri (BPT 5204), Sona mashuri (BPT 3291), Srikakulam sannalu (RGL 2537), Vijeta

(MTU 1001), Cotton dora sannalu (MTU 1010) and Jagityala sannalu (JGL 1798). Varieties

like Jaya, Super Jaya, Pooja, KRH-2, NLR 34449 and MTU 1061 were grown in some

pockets. Among these, Pooja is particularly preferred by some farmers in Patapatnam mandal

of Srikakulam district and Jaya was grown at specified locatons in all the three districts

surveyed. The weather condition in the north coastal zone during kharif 2010-11, was erratic

with 4 cyclones during crop growth period. Impact of cyclones was observed both during the

tillering stage, flowering and grain maturation stage of crop growth. Majority of farmers felt

that there was a min. of 4-5 bags to a max. of 10-15 bags loss in yield due to the erratic

monsoon and cyclonic rains (Table 3). Lodging was observed during grain maturation stage

in addition, germination of non dormant varieties was observed leading to yield loss. In

general, a 40% excess rainfall is recorded during kharif 2010-11. Rice is the predominant

crop in the zone with 80.06 % cropped area under paddy in Srikakulam district (Table 4).

Paddy cultivation in Visakhapatnam and Vizianagaram constitute 49.67 and 38.04% of the

total cropped area. Due to excess rainfall both from south west monsoon and cyclonic rains

during kharif 2010-11, increase in paddy area over the previous year was recorded in all the

three districts surveyed. Although, farmers went for delayed sowing and transplantings, an

increase of 56.56, 22.53 and 9.44 per cent area was recorded in Vizianagaram,

Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam districts (Table 4). The farmers preference for varieties

varied with the district. Swarna (MTU 7029) is the most popular variety in Srikakulam

district occupying 30.10% of the paddy area (Table 5), followed by BPT 5204 (24.98%) and

MTU 1001 (15.05%). Whereas, in Vizianagaram, Sona mashuri (26.0%) is the leading



variety followed by MTU 1001, Swarna and BPT 5204. However, in Visakhapatnam

Srikakulam Sannulu is preferred by majority of famers (31.5%) over Sona mashuri, Samba

mashuri and Swarna. Cumulatively, Swarna and Samba mashuri are the most popular

varieties occupying a major area in the north coastal zone.

District-wise information:

Srikakulam: Most of the farmers surveyed were submarginal farmers. The general climatic

condition during kharif 2010-11 was abnormal with excess rainfall (>50%) through repeated

cyclones both during early stages and maturity stages of crop growth. Surveys were

undertaken in various mandals of the district on 29/10/10, 3/11/10, 8/11/10, 10/11/10 and

22/11/10. Paddy is the predominant crop in the district accounting for 80% of the cropped

area, the area under paddy cultivation increased by 9.44% during kharif 2010-11 reaching

203308 ha. Paddy is grown as a pure crop followed by rice fallow pulses, maize, sunflower

and sesame. However, under assured irrigated conditions, rice-rice, rice-vegetables was also

practiced. Among the varieties grown in the district, Swarna was the most popular (30.1%)

followed by BPT 5204 (24.9%) and MTU 1001 (15.1%) varieties. Preference for Sona

mashuri, MTU 1010, RGL 2537, RGL 2538, JGL 1798, Pooja, NLR 34449 and KRH-2 was

shown by farmers of the district. Yields in the range of 15-30 bags/ acre were expected by

farmers surveyed. Late sown and late transplanted conditions general prevail in the

Srikakulam district. During kharif 2010-11, farmers at many locations were forced to sow

twice due to damage of nurseries on account of heavy cyclonic rains received during nursery

stage. Direct sowing is practiced by farmers to save time, wherever, nursery loss occurred.

Most of the farmers surveyed applied 1-2 cartloads of FYM to the nursery. Only 25% of

farmers surveyed applied organic amendments as Farm yard manure @ 5-15 cartloads/acre to

the main field as basal application. The practice of sheep penning is practiced by less than

10% of the farmers surveyed. Most of the farmers deviated from the recommended fertilizer

schedule, average fertilizer use in the district recorded was N (40.66) : P (23.22): K(15.00) kg

per acre. However, variations in fertilizer use in respect to nitrogen (7.2 – 62.5 kg/acre),

phosphorus (0-46) and potassium (0-30) was observed. Potassium fertilizers were not applied

by more than 20% of the farmers surveyed. Direct sown and random transplanting was

practiced by farmers in the district. Plant density varied from 17-45 hills/m2 in the various

locations surveyed. Weed infestation was moderate. The predominant weed species included

Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotendus, Echinocloa colonum, E. crusgalli, Trianthema

portulocastrum, Panicum spp., Heteropoga spp., Eclipta alba and Mullugo spp. Majority of

farmers practiced 1-2 hand weedings during the crop growth period. Knowledge and use of

weedicides was less than 30% of the farmers surveyed. Unavailability of critical inputs like

fertilizers in time was complained by majority of farmers, they felt that urea was not properly

supplied. They also expressed the unavailability of desired seed variety, which forced the

farmer to grow alternate varieties out of their choice. Farmers also felt the need for proper

storage godown facilities in time of calamities to store their produce. Among the biotic

constraints, mean neck blast incidence of 15.12 per cent was recorded among the surveyed

locations. Susceptibility of the popular varieties like Swarna and Samba mashuri grown in the

district can be attributed for scoring such high neck blast incidence. Sheath blight, stem borer,

panicle mite, leaf folder, sheath rot, false smut and BPH are also predominant biotic

constraints in the district. Cut worm damage was observed at moderate levels in majority of

area during tillering stage of crop growth. Lack of knowledge of plant protection chemicals

and wrong recommendation by local dealers sometimes aggravated the disease/pest problem.

Farmers in the district have undertaken 2-4 sprayings during the crop season.



Vizianagaram:The district recorded a 56.56% increase in area under paddy cultivation due

to high rainfall received during kharif 2010-11. Paddy is grown in 1,22,901 ha which is

38.04% of the total cropped area. Survey was undertaken during 20/11/10 and 24/11/10, the

crop is at grain filling stage at the time of survey. Prevailing crop rotations include rice-rice,

rice-pulses, rice-vegetables depending on irrigation facilities. Farmers preferred Sona

mashuri (26%) and MTU 1001 (22%) over Swarna (18%) and BPT 5204 (12%). The increase

in MTU 1001 area can be attributed to the unavailability of Sona mashuri seed in the market.

Some of the farmers showed less priority to growing samba owing to high pest and disease

problems. Farmers are ready to accept new varieties with high yielding capacity and better

tolerance to pests. Farm yard manure (1- 6 cartloads/acre) was applied by majority of farmers

surveyed in the district. The practice of Sheep penning (30%) was practiced at a few

locations surveyed. The average fertilizer use was 48.42: 24.12: 9.71 kg N:P:K among the

surveyed farmers. 40% of the farmers surveyed did not apply any potassium fertilizer to the

crop, nitrogen use was also highly variable (9-73.4 kg N per acre). Phosphorus utilization

ranged between 11.5-60 kg P per acre. Among the different locations surveyed, farmers

opined that timely supply of seed and fertilizers by the government would solve most of their

problems. Poor knowledge on the use of weedicides was noticed in all the locations. The

predominant weed species included Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotendus, Echinocloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Trianthema portulocastrum, Panicum spp. and Eclipta alba. Two hand

weedings were practiced by farmers. Among the weedicides, most of the farmers are using

Oxidiagrl/ butachlor/ pretilachlor wherever, weedicides is used. Post emergence weedicides

were not at all used. Majority of farmers are not adopting any plant protection measures

during nursery stage. Among the disease problems, sheath blight (15.2%), neck blast

(12.7%), sheath rot (5.6%), sheath rot (5.6%), false smut (1.7%), leaf spots (2%) and grain

discoloration (1.4%). Pest problems included stem borer as white ears (7%), BPH (5.6%),

Panicle mite (5.4%), leaf folder (3.5%), gallmidge and rodent problems. Farmers used

Endosulfan for the all the crop problems based on the recommendation of local dealers.

Although endosulfan is not recommended for the specified pests. Poor knowledge of farmers

in the district resulted in poor pest and disease management and resulting losses. All the

farmers surveyed reported increased labour costs and unavailability of labour in time as

critical factors limiting paddy production. They were also of the opinion that government

schemes (national rural employment guarantee programme) during crop season is severely

effecting labour availability during peak cropping season. Majority of farmers felt that lack of

rural storage godowns was limiting their chances of earning more. Some farmers from

Peetalapalem and Kasapeta indicated that impure seed is available in the local markets and

government need to take steps to supply quality seed.

Visakhapatnam: Majority of farmers in Visakhapatnam are marginal farmers with holding

less than 1 acre. Although good crop growth is recorded during early stages, severe rains,

cyclones in addition to severe incidence of sheath blight and lodging during later stages of

crop growth resulted in yield reduction. Paddy-pulses, Paddy-maize and paddy-vegetables

was the major crop rotation pattern in irrigated wet lands of Visakhapatnam district. RGL

2537 (Srikakulam sannalu) is the popular variety in Visakhapatnam district occupying a

major area (31.5%) followed by Sona mashuri (21.8%), preference was attributed due to its

better cooking quality. BPT 5204 (16.5%) and Swarna (12%) are the other popular varieties

grown in the area. Prefence of some farmers to Jaya, Super Jaya, RGL 2538, JGL 1798, MTU

1001, MTU 1010 and other hybrids was also noticed. Jaya and Sona mashuri are grown by

some farmers due to some attributes like better cooking quality and drought tolerance.



Farmers expressed that they are willing to accept and grow improved varieties with better

drought tolerance, cooking quality and resistance to sheath blight and false smut. Higher than

recommended doses of nitrogen fertilizers (mean 45 kg N/acre) were applied by farmers.

Although mean phosphorus and Potassium fertilizers are at par with recommended doses,

large variations in phosphorus (0-46 kg P/acre) and potassium (0-62 kg K/acre) application

was recorded at field level, among the farmers surveyed 20% of farmers did not apply

phosphoric fertilizers and 40% did not apply potassium fertilizers. Random transplanting and

direct sown is practiced by farmers, plant density varied from 18-44 hills/m2. Weed

infestation was medium, with 50% of the farmers lacking awareness on weedicide use. The

predominant weed species included Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotendus, Echinocloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Trianthema portulocastrum, Panicum spp., Heteropoga spp., Eclipta

alba and Sida spp. Hand weeding was practiced twice during crop season by all the farmers.

Majority of farmers procured seeds through local Agricultural fficers and local dealers. Some

farmers opined that demand for some varieties like sona mashuri could not be meet by the

agricultural department forcing them to procure seeds from neighbouring districts. Farmers

indicated that urea was not available to them in time during crop growth period. Among the

biotic constraints, sheath blight (9.4% incidence), false smut (6.6%), grain discoloration

(8%), neck blast (4.8%), sheath rot and leaf spots are major diseases affecting yields in

paddy. Most of the farmers expressed that false smut with such high intensity was observed

for the first time. Grain discoloration is another unusual problem noticed in submerged fields

(cyclone). In some locations, grain discoloration to an extent of 40% was recorded. Pest

problems in the district include, stem borer (6.9%), panicle mite (7.9%), leaf folder (3.3%)

and BPH in some pockets. Erratic and continuous rains during crop growth period prevented

farmers from taking plant protection measures in time resulting in increased incidence of

pests and diseases limiting yields.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in the North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh

during Kharif 2010-11

District

Surveyed

*Mean Disease Incidence (%) at various locations surveyed during 2010-11

NBL Shbl ShR FS GD L Spots

Srikakulam 15.12

(1.49-

61.11)

7.25

(1.00-33.68)

2.33

(1.05-

16.67)

1.68

(2.10-6.00)

0.95

(2.00-

5.00)

1.10

(2.00-15.00)

Vizianagaram 12.67

(0.65-

34.17)

15.19

(3.81-40.00)

5.62

(1.50-

31.31)

1.65

(1.00-

15.00)

1.35

(2.00-

5.00)

2.00

(1.00-10.00)

Visakhapatnam 4.84

(1.29-

31.86)

9.40

(0.88-41.27)

3.14

(1.90-

22.12)

6.60

(1.00-

25.00)

8.00

(2.00-

40.00)

1.90

(1.00-20.00)

District

Surveyed

*Mean Pest Incidence (%) at various locations surveyed during 2010-11

WE LF PM GM BPH Rat

Srikakulam 5.00

(2.50-

16.67)

2.20

(2.78-14.00)

3.33

(2.11-

30.53)

0.00 1.10

(4.00-10.00)

1.00

(0.00-

10.00)

Vizianagaram 6.98

(1.00-

28.17)

3.46

(0.95-15.49)

5.36

(3.42-

20.83)

0.22

(0.00-3.57)

5.59

(10.00-

25.00)

0.59

(0.00-10.00)

Visakhapatnam 6.90

(1.72-

20.35)

3.34

(1.72-

35.24)

7.91

(0.85-

41.75)

0.00 0.50

(0.00-10.00) 0.00

* Mean of 57 locations



Bihar-1

Districts surveyed:

Vaishali, Samastipur and Muzaffarpur

District Villages

Vaishali Sarai, Mahuwa, Patepur, Malpur and Bhagwanpur

Samastipur Pusa, Devpur, Daidpur, Malinagar and Mahmadpur

Muzaffarpur Dholi, Sakara, Kaji-inda, Markan and Kali Chok

Widely grown varieties:

District Varieties

Vaishali HYV:Swarna, Sugandha, Prabhat, Subhashini, Vaidehi, Sita, Kasturi,

Jaya and Pusa Basmati

Local: Kanak, Rajendra Swetha

Samastipur Rajendra Bhagavathi, Swarna Sub 1, Mahsuri, Saroj, Santosh, ,

Prabhat, Satyam, Dhanlakshmi, Jaya, BPT 5204, Sita, hybrid Kishori,

MTU 7029, Rajashree, Pusa Basmati, Pankaj and Turanta.

Muzaffarpur Prabhat, Kishori, Rajendra Bhagawathi, Satyam, Saroj, Rajshree,

Santhosh, Sita and Jaya

Production oriented survey was conducted in three districts of Bihar viz., Vaishali,

Samastipur and Muzaffarpur during Kharif 2010. During the survey period crop was in

dough stage in all the three districts. The varieties grown in the state were Swarna, Sugandha,

Prabhat, Subhashini, Vaidehi, Sita, Kasturi, Jaya and Pusa Basmati, Satyam, Dhanlakshmi,

BPT 5204, MTU 7029, Kanak, and Rajendra Swetha. The prevailing cropping practices were

rice-wheat; Farmers mainly used their own resources and depended on private institutions

for different inputs and equipments. The common needs of farmers of various districts were

good quality seeds, fertilizers, equipments, storage, drying facilities, marketing facilities and

subsidy by state government on diesel, fertilizers and other inputs. Among biotic constraints

brown spot, sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight and false smut were observed in the

fields. Among the insect-pests, leaf folder, stem borer, BPH, mites, termites, rats and rice

case worm were common. Farmers applied fungicides like Bavistin, Dithane M-45 and

Hexaconazole and insecticides like Folidol and imidachloprid. The fertilizer application

consisted of 80-120 Kg N, 60 Kg P2O5 and 30 Kg K2O/ha and if available, farmers used

vermivompost. Many farmers followed random method of transplanting. The weed

population was in general low to medium. Rain fall was in general low to medium. The main

source of water was canal and underground water. The farmers were mainly sub-marginal to

marginal.

Vaishali: Survey was conducted in five villages in this district when the crops were at dough

stage. There were reports of drought from most of the places surveyed in this district. In spite

of drought, the crop was in good condition. Because of the delayed sowings, the crops

observed were in different growth stages during the survey period. The main crop rotation

practices in the district were rice-rice; rice-wheat/maize/potato. The common varieties were

MTU 7029, Swarna, Sugandha, Prabhat, Subhashini, Vaidehi, Sita, Kasturi, Jaya and Pusa



Basmati, Kanak, Rajendra Swetha The average yield in the district was 4000-5000 Kg/ha in

high yielding varieties and 5000 Kg/ha in case hybrids. The optimum time of sowing was

June to july for sowing and from mid July to August for transplanting. Most of the farmers

applied FYM and compost in the nursery. However, application of chemical fertlizers in the

nursery was common practice. In the main field, farmers applied chemical fertlizers @ 100-

120 Kg N/ha, 30-60 Kg P2O5/ha and 20-30 Kg K2O /ha as basal and 100-120 Kg urea/ha as

split. Transplanting was mainly done by random method. The weed population was low. The

common weeds were Echinochloa sp. and Cyperus rotundus, and Echinochloa sp. Most of

the farmers practiced hand weeding as method of weed control. Only few farmers applied

weedicide like Butachlor and 2-4D. Most of the agricultural inputs like equipments, seeds,

water, power, fertilizers, pesticides, drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not

available. The common needs of the farmers were latest technologies, knowledge about the

plant protection measures and, quality seeds and varieties that are suitable to their area.

Among the diseases, brown spot was observed in moderate to severe form. Other biotic

constraints like sheath blight, false smut, grain discolouration, sheath rot, stem borer, leaf

folder, mites, rats and BPH were in low to moderate intensities. There were reports of zinc

and iron deficiencies from some places. Farmers did not practice any corrective measures.

Farmers applied pesticides like Bavistin (1 g/l), Indofil M-45 (2.5 g/l), saaf (2 g/l),

hexaconazole and propiconazole (2 g/l) and multiplex (1ml/l) for different diseases and

imidachloprid, folodol, metasystox for different insect pests. In general, around 15 % post

harvest loss was reported.

Samastipur: Production oriented survey was conducted in five villages/sub units in this

district. The crops were in dough stage during the survey period. The climatic conditions

were abnormal due to drought from most of the places surveyed in the district. Farmers used

60-70 % of their land for cultivation of rice. The common crop rotation practices in the

district were rice-maize, rice-potato, rice-wheat, rice-pulses and rice-mustard. The

predominant varieties in the district were Rajendra Bagavathi, Swarna Sub 1, Mahsuri, Saroj,

Santosh, Hybrid Kasturi, BPT 5204, Turanta, Rajashree, Sugandha, Prabhat, Pusa Basmati,

Pankaj, Dhanlakshmi, Jaya, Sita, Satyam, Rajendra Sweta, Rajendra Basmati and Radha. The

average yield in the district during the previous season was 4500-5000 Kg/ha in high yielding

varieties and 5000-6000 Kg/ha in hybrids. Ninety percent of the crop land was under rice

crop. The farmers grown one crop per year. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting

were June and July, respectively. Most of the farmers applied FYM and compost in the

nursery. Some of the farmers also applied urea (80-120 Kg/ha), SSP (20-60 Kg/ha) and MOP

(15-20 Kg/ha) in the nursery. In the main field, the fertlizers were applied @ 100-120 Kg

urea/ha, 50-70 Kg SSP/ha and 15-25 Kg MOP/ha as basal and 100-120 Kg urea/ha as split.

Few farmers also applied Zn SO4 @ 25kg/ha as a basal dose. Farmers followed direct sowing

and random method of transplanting. The intensity of weeds was low. The common weeds

were Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa sp., and Cynodon dactylon. Hand weeding was main

approach for weed control and only few farmers applied weedicides like Butachlor (2.5 lit/ha)

or 2-4 D. The common needs of the farmers in the district were seeds of HYVs, new

technologies, fertlizers, water and timely availability of the inputs. Among the diseases,

brown spot was moderate to severe in most of the varieties. Other diseases like sheath rot,

sheath blight, false smut and bacterial leaf blight were observed at low to medium intensities.

Leaf scald disease was observed for the first time in the district. Insect pests like leaf folder,

stem borer, leaf hoppers, grass hoppers, termites and rats were in low to moderate intensities.

There were reports of zinc and iron deficiencies from most of the places surveyed. Most of

the farmers took corrective measures by applying zinc sulphate. The pesticides like

Hexaconazole, propiconzole, Indofil M-45, Dithane M-45, Saaf(2g/l), Bavistin (1 g/l), Blitox-



50 (3 Kg/ha) + Streptocycline (30 g/ha) for different diseases, and Metacystox, Folidol, and

Imidachloprid were applied for the management of insect pests. At least 10-12 % post harvest

losses were observed at the time of harvesting, threshing, handling and cleaning and storage.

Muzaffarpur: The survey was conducted in five villages in this district when the crops were

in dough and maturity stages. The general climatic conditions were abnormal in the form of

drought in most of the places in the district. Farmers used 90 % of their land for cultivation.

The common crop rotation practices in the district were rice-maize, rice-potato, rice-wheat,

rice-mustard and rice-pulses. The common varieties grown in the district were Sugandha,

Rajshree, Basmati, Satyam, Santosh, Saroj, Kisori, Radha, Jaya, Sita, Pankaj, Punjabi,

Swarna, Prabhat and Jaya. The average rice yield in the district was 2500 Kg/ha in case of

local varieties and 4000-5000 Kg/ha in case of high yielding varieties. Most of the farmers

applied urea and compost in the nursery. Some of the farmers applied chemical fertilizers like

urea (80 Kg/ha), SSP (20-50 Kg/ha) and MOP (10-25 Kg/ha). In the main field, farmers

applied urea (80-100 Kg/ha), SSP (20-60 Kg/ha) and MOP (20-30 Kg/ha) as basal and 100-

120 Kg urea/ha as split. Some of the farmers also applied vermicompost if available. The

population of weeds was low to medium. The common weeds were Cyperus rotundus and

Cynodon dactylon. In addition to hand weeding, some of the farmers also applied weedicides

like Butachlor and 2, 4-D. Most of the agricultural inputs were either inadequate or not

available. The common needs of the farmers were seeds of HYVs, diesel, power and timely

availability of inputs. Among the biotic constraints, brown spot, sheath blight, sheath rot,

false smut and bacterial leaf streak were observed at low to moderate intensities in this

district. Other pest constraints were in low to moderate intensities included leaf folder, stem

borer and rats. Zinc and iron deficiency were common in most of the places. Many of the

farmers adopted corrective measures by applying zinc sulphate and Multiplex. The pesticides

like Dithane M-45 (2 g/l), Kavach, Saaf, Bavistin (1 g/l) and Blitox-50 (2 g/l) for different

diseases, and Folidol, Thimet and monochrotophos for different insect pests were applied.

There was 5-10 % loss during harvesting, threshing, cleaning and storage.

Prevalence of diseases and pests in Bihar-1

Districts Diseases

ShBl BS ShR FS BLB BLS GD

Vaishali L-M M-S L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Samastipur L-M M-S L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Muzaffarpur L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M -

Districts Insect pests

SB LF BPH TERM GH GLH Rats

Vaishali L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M

Samastipur L-M L-M - L-M L-M

Muzaffarpur L-M L-M - - - - L-M



Bihar-2 Districts surveyed:

Patna, Nalanda and Buxar


Dsitricts Blocks Villages

Patna Punadih, Alampur and Paliganj

Nalanda Harnaut and Bind Hasanpur, Kichni, Mahmadabad, Lohra,

Gonawan and Brah

Buxar Simri and Nawanagar Naya Bhojpur, Rampur Mathia, Simri and

Dapadehri

Widely prevalent rice varieties

Districts Varieties

Patna Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Sonam, Hybrid 6444, IR 64, Hybrid Goraknath, BPT

5204, Swarna (MTU 7029), Rajendra Kasturi, Nati Mahsuri, Rajendra

Sweta and Sudha

Nalanda BPT 5204, Rajendra Sweta, Swarna (MTU 7029), Sita, Pusa Sugandha 4,

Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Saket 4 and Hybrid 6444

Buxar MTU 1001, Hybrid 6201, Sonam, BPT 5205, Swarna (MTU 7029),

Rajendra Mahsuri 1 and Rajendra Sweta

Production oriented survey was conducted in three districts in this part of Bihar when most of

the rice crops were in milk to grain filling stage. The weather conditions were not favourable

for rice cultivation and there were reports of drought or drought like situations in many of the

places visited. The commonly grown varieties were Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Sonam, Hybrid

6444, IR 64, Hybrid Goraknath, BPT 5204, Swarna (MTU 7029), Rajendra Kasturi, Nati

Mahsuri, Rajendra Sweta, Sita, Saket 4, MTU 1001, hybrid 6201 and Sudha. The common

crop rotations were rice followed by pulses like gram or lentil, oilseeds like linseed and

vegetables like potato. The intensity of common weeds was in general low to moderate and

most of the farmers practiced only manual weeding and herbicide application was very less.

There was scarcity of most of the inputs in most of the places visited. The incidences of biotic

constrains like brown spot, sheath blight, neck blast and false smut among the diseases and

insect pests like BPH, mealy bugs and stem borer were recorded in low to moderate

intensities. Many farmers applied various pesticides to control different pests and diseases.

District wise observations

Patna: Production oriented survey was conducted in three villages in this district when most

of the crops were in grain filling stage. About 50% of the farmers contacted were progressive.

The climatic conditions were not favourable for rice cultivation and there were incidences of

drought or drought like situations in most places of the district surveyed. The widely

cultivated varieties in the district were Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Sonam, Hybrid 6444, IR 64,

Hybrid Goraknath, BPT 5204, Swarna (MTU 7029), Rajendra Kasturi, Nati Mahsuri,

Rajendra Sweta and Sudha. The average rice yield in the district ranged from 3800-4200

kg/ha. All the farmers contacted applied fertilizers in the main fields and the rate of fertilizers

varied from 100-210 kg urea/ha, 50-150 kg SSP/ha and about 20 kg MOP/ha. The split

application of nitrogen fertilizer ranged from 70-200 kg urea/ha. Some of the farmers applied

FYM (7 t/ha), compost (3 q/ha) and green manure (10 q/ha). All the farmers contacted

adopted random method of transplanting. In most of the rice fields visited, the plant



population was inadequate (300-350 panicles/m2). The intensity of common weeds like

Echinochloa colona, E. crusgalli, Phyllanthus niruri, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus

and C. iria was low. In addition to hand weeding, some of the farmers applied weedicides

like Machete (2-3 l/ha) and pendimethylene (3 l/ha). Few farmers mixed the 2 litres of

weedicide Machete with 30 kg of sands and then broadcasted 5 days after transplanting. In

most of the places, equipments were inadequate. Many farmers reported shortage of inputs

like fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, drying and storage facilites. Most of the biotic constraints

were in low to moderate intensities. There were reports of zinc deficiency in some of the

places and the farmers applied zinc sulphate. About 70-80 % of the farmers adopted plant

protection measures. Different pesticides like Companion (2 kg/ha) for different diseases,

Rogor (1 l/ha) against insect pests, carbendazim (0.5 kg/ha) for fungal diseases, endosulfan

(1.5 l/ha) for different pests, kasugamycin (1 l/ha) and hexaconazole for different fungal

diseases were applied by the farmers. Farmers used knapsack and power sprays for applying

the pesticides. Some of the common needs of the farmers were good quality seeds and

irrigation water, tractor or power tillers, uninterrupted supply of electricity and timely

availability of fertilizers and pesticides.

Nalanda: Survey was conducted in 6 villages in 2 blocks in this district when most of the

crops were in milk stage. Some of the rice fields were in dough stage also. The weather

conditions were not favourable and there was incidence of drought in all the places surveyed.

Most of the farmers used 67-75% of their land for rice cultivation. Most predominant rice

varieties were BPT 5204, Rajendra Sweta, Swarna (MTU 7029), Sita, Pusa Sugandha 4,

Rajendra Mahsuri 1, Saket 4 and Hybrid 6444. The major crop rotation practices followed by

the farmers were rice-wheat, rice-pulses (gram, lentil), rice-oilseeds (linseed), rice-vegetables

and rice-potato. The optimum time of sowing was 1st week of June to 1

st week of July and

optimum time of transplanting was 1st week of July to 1

st week of August. The average seed

rate was 50 kg/ha. Some of the farmers applied littler quantity of compost and manure in the

nursery and fertilizers like urea (1-4 kg/1000 m2) and littler quantity of SSP and MOP. In the

main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 100 kg urea/ha, 120-240 kg SSP/ha and 10-20 kg

MOP/ha as basal and 100-160 kg urea/ha as top dressing. Some of the farmers applied

compost (10-200 q/ha) and FYM (10 q/ha)+vermicompost one month before land

preparation. All the farmers contacted adopted random method of transplanting. The average

plant density was 300-425 panicles/m2. The intensity of common weeds like Echiniochloa

colona, E. crusgalli, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Euphorbia spp. was low to

moderate. Most of the farmers adopted hand weeding (1-2 manual weeding) and only few

farmers applied herbicides like butachlor (3 l/ha as sand mix). Most of the inputs like

equipments, seeds, water, pesticides, fertilizers, drying and storage facilities were inadequate

in most of the places. Some of the common needs of the farmers were zero tillage machine,

high quality paddy seeds, timely availability of inputs like fertilizers and pesticides,

winnower, paddy transplanter, pump set, better irrigation facilities, storage and threshing

facilities. Most of the biotic constraints like brown spot, sheath blight and neck blast among

the diseases and insect pests BPH, stem borer and mealy bugs were recorded in low to

moderate intensities. There was incidences of zinc deficiency in few places and the farmers

applied zinc sulphate (25 kg/ha). The farmers applied pesticides like Companion (2 kg/ha)

against diseases, imidacloprid (300-350 ml/ha) for pests, carbendazim (0.5 kg/ha) for brown

spot and sheath blight, endoslfan (1.5 l/ha) for BPH, Sheathmar (2 l/ha) for sheath blight,

monocrotophos (1 l/ha) for stem borer, karnaja cake, neem cake and other neem based

pesticides like Achook for different pests and diseases. There was overall 8-9% post harvest

loss in the district.



Buxar: Production oriented survey was conducted in 4 villages in 2 blocks in this district

when most of the crops were in milk to dough stage. The weather conditions were not very

favourable for rice cultivation and there were reports of drought or drought like situations in

most of the places surveyed. Most of the farmers cultivated one rice crop in a year and they

used 75-87% of their land for rice cultivation. The most predominant rice varieties cultivated

by the farmers were MTU 1001, Hybrid 6201, Sonam, BPT 5205, Swarna (MTU 7029),

Rajendra Mahsuri 1 and Rajendra Sweta. The major crop rotations followed by the farmers

were rice-pulses, rice-oilseeds, rice-wheat, rice-vegetables and rice-lentil. The average rice

yield in the district ranged from 3600-4700 kg/ha in different varieties. The optimum time of

sowing was last week of May to middle of June and optimum time of transplanting was 3rd

week of June to 1st week of July. Most of the farmers used a seed rate of 50 kg/ha. Most of

the inputs like equipments, seeds, water, power, fertilizers, pesticides, drying and storage

facilities were inadequate in most of the places. Some of the common requirements of the

farmers were good quality seeds, modern equipments, timely availability of fertilizers and

pesticides and zero till drill machine. Most of the biotic constraints like brown spot, false

smut among the diseases and insect pests like mealy bugs, BPH and stem borer were in low

to moderate intensities. Only sheath blight was in severe form (up to 30%) in some places. In

one or two places there were reports of zinc deficiency and the farmers adopted corrective

measures by applying zinc sulphate (25 kg/ha). Different pesticides like Contaf

(hexaconazole) (1 l/ha) for sheath blight, carbendazim (0.5 kg/ha) and Companion (2 kg/ha)

for brown spot and other fungal diseases and monocrotophos (1 l/ha) and Rogor (1 l/ha) for

mealy bugs were applied by the farmers. There was overall 7-8% post harvest loss in the

district.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Bihar -2 Districts Diseases Insect pests

NBl BS Shbl FS LSM BPH SB MB

Patna L (3%) L-M (10-15%) L (5%) L-M(5-10%) L-M (10-12%) T (2%) L (5%) L-M (5-10%)

Nalanda L (5%) L-M (5-10%) L-M (3-13%) L-M (8-10%) L-M (5-10%) L (3-5%) L-M (5-10%)

Buxar L-M (7-10%) L-S (2-30%) L (2%) L-M (10-13%) L (3-7%)



Chhattisgarh

Districts surveyed:

Bastar , Dantewada, Bijiapur, Bijiapur and Narayanpur


District Taluk Village

Bastar Bastanar, Bastar, Dharbha,

Jagadalpur, Bakawand,

Kondagaon, Makari, Keshkal,

Lohandigura, Pharbha and

Pharasgaon

Bedgaon, Bade Takragura, Palli, Bade

Kanera, Royghari para, Kondagaon,

Devfargaon, Kiwai Balenga, Manakot,

Godampara, Sirisguda, Pendrowan,

Dantewada Chindgarh, Dantewada, Sukma

and Kunakonda

Bijapur Bharamgarh, Bijapur,

Bhopalpattanam and Usur

Narayanpur Narayanpur, Bennur Gohda, Nelwad,Devgaon, Bakharu para,

Behbeda, Bennur, Dongripara,

Kanker Bharapratappur, Kanker, Sambalpur, Kondagaon, Podgaon

Widely prevalent varieties:

District Varieties

Bastar Improved: MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64, Swarna, HMT Poornima;

Hybrid: PA 6444, PA 6144, KRH-2; Local: Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka,

Asamchudi, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Laluha,

Lalhra, Samabalpur, Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Mehar dhan,

Para, Chitari, Daver dhan, Loctimajhi; Sented: Badshabhog, Dubraj, Javaful

Dantewada Improved: MTU 1001, MTU 1010, IR 64, Swarna, HMT Hybrid: PA6444,

PA 6144, KRH-2; Local: Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka, Safari, Masuri,

Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar,

Mehar dhan, Chitari, Loctimajhi; Sented: Badshabhog, Dubra

Bijiapur Improved: MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64, Swarna, HMT Poornima;


Asamchudi, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti,

Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Chitari, Sented: Badshabhog,

Dubraj

Bijiapur Improved: MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64, Swarna, HMT Poornima;


Asamchudi, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti,

Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Chitari, Sented: Badshabhog,

Dubraj

Narayanpur Improved: MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64,Swarna, HMT, Poornima;


Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Huldigutti, Grumutia, Tendu mudi, Mehar

dhan, Chitari, Loctimajhi; Sented: Badshabhog, Dubraj



Particulars of Rice area and production in Chhattisgarh

District Total

planted

area (ha)

Total

rice area

(ha)

Total

irrigated

area (ha)

Total rice grain

production

(000MT)

Total rice

grain

production

(Kg./ha.)

Bastar 340.860 202.930 39.534 240.510 1225

Dantewada 204.199 151.900 16.935 220.255 870

Narayanpur 53.138 29.325 4.703 337.237 1150

Bijapur 58.752 52.948 5.497 39.789 753

Kanker 231.336 169.919 30.863 217.520 1368

total 888.285 606.915 97.53 1055.311 (Mean)1073

Rainfall of different district of Chhattisgarh during Kharif-2010

District Rainfall(mm) in different month

June July August September

Bastar 201.5 603.9 626.8 515.9

Narayanpur 116.1 523.1 1168.5 1549.0

Dantewada 191.7 439.8 325.5 374.6

Bijapur 158.9 669.6 629.6 322.3

Kanker 115.2 540.9 1046.8 1449.3

Most common weeds in Chhattisgarh state:

S.no. District Weeds

1 Bastar Cyperus sp., Echinochloa sp., Chuhka (local name) Convovulus

arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina bengalensis, Digitaria

sangullatus, Dicanthium annulatum, Celocia argentia, Aegeratum

conezoids., Wild millets (Elusin sp.), Wild rice

2 Dantewada Cyperus sp., Echinochloa sp., Convovulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon,

Commelina bengalensis, Digitaria sangullatus, Dicanthium

annulatum, Celocia argentia., Aegeratum conezoids., Wild millets

(Elusin sp.), Wild rice

3 Bijiapur Cyperus sp., Echinochloa sp., Convovulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon,

Commelina bengalensis, Digitaria sangullatus, Dicanthium

annulatum, Celocia argentia., Wild millets (Elusin sp.), Wild rice

4 Narayanpur Cyperus sp., Echinochloa sp., Chuhka (local name) Convovulus

arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Commelina bengalensis, Digitaria

sangullatus, Dicanthium, Celocia argentia, Aegeratum conezoids.,

Wild millets (Elusin sp.), Wild rice

Production oriented survey was conducted in the five districts of Chhattisgarh viz.

Bastar, Dantewada, Bijapur, Narayanpur and Kanker during kharif 2010 when the rice crop

was in dough to maturity stage in the month of October and November 2010. The major

cropping system in the region was rice-vegetables. The most popular varieties grown in the

region were HYVs like: MTU 1001, MTU 1010, IR 64, Swarna, HMT and Hybrids like

PA6444, PA 6144, KRH-2. Most of the farmers growing the local varieties like Limchudi,

Gadaguta, Satka, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Grumutia, Sindur

shrinagar, Mehar dhan, Chitari, Loctimajhi and some of the scented varieties like

Badshabhog and Dubraj. Farmers were adopted both direct sowing and ransom method of



transplanting. Weed infestation was medium to high and almost all the farmers were followed

one or two hand weeding and none of the farmers used weedicides. Most of the farmers did

not practice the application of FYM or fertilizers in the nursery seed beds. In the main fields

also only urea, DAP and IFFCO fertilizers used as basal dose and some farmers applied 25-

50 kg/ha of urea as top dressing (2 splits). However, many farmers did not apply P2O and

K2O. Only few farmers practiced the application of FYM based on the availability. Among

the biotic constraints, low to moderate level of blast, neck blast, brown spot and false smut

and few incidences of sheath blight were reported. Pests like stem borer, leaf folders, brown

plant hopper and gall midge were recorded in low intensities and only few farmers adopted

plant protection measures. Farmers expressed their need on availability of inadequate,

fertilizers, pesticides, implements, drying facilities and power for different agricultural

operations.

Bastar: Eleven villages of ten taluks were surveyed for production oriented survey in this

district. Survey was conducted when most of rice crop were in dough to mature stage.

Majority of the farmers were marginal or sub-marginal while only few of the farmers were

progressive. In general, climatic conditions were normal. Farmers generally took one rice

crop in a year and the common cropping sequence was rice-vegetables. The predominant

varieties in the district were MTU 1010, MTU 1001, IR 64, Swarna, HMT, Poornima, PA

6444, PA 6144, KRH-2, local varieties like Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka, Asamchudi, Safari,

Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti, Laluha, Lalhra, Samabalpur, Grumutia,

Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Mehar dhan, Para, Chitari, Daver dhan, Loctimajhi and

scented varieties like Badshabhog, Dubraj, Javaful. The average rice yields in the district

ranged from 2000-3000 kg/ha in varieties PA 6444, MTU and KRH2, 1150 to 1500 kg/ha in

varieties like IR 36, IR 64, Dubraj and safari. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting

were 3rd

to 4th

week of June and 1st to 4

th week of July. The average seed rate was 20 kg/ha in

hybrids and about 50-60 kg/ha in case of local varieties. Most of the farmers not practiced the

application of FYM of fertilizers in the nursery seed beds. In the main fields farmers applied

urea, DAP and IFFCO fertilizers as basal and some the farmers applied 25-50 kg/ha of urea

as top dressing (2 splits). However, many farmers did not apply P2O and K2O and some of

them practiced the application of FYM based on the availability. Most of the farmers adopted

direct sowing and random method of transplanting. The intensity of the weeds was low to

high. Most of the farmers practiced one or two hand weeding and did not apply any

weedicides. Majority of essential inputs like agricultural implements, water, power for

different agricultural operations, fertilizers, pesticides, drying and storage facilities were

inadequate in most of the places. Among the biotic constraints, low to moderate level of blast,

neck blast, brown spot and false smut and few incidences of sheath blight were reported.

Pests like stem borer, leaf folders, brown plant hopper and gall midge were recorded in low

intensities. Regarding the plant protection measures some of the farmers applied pesticides

like Imidachloprid, carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, endosulfan, cypermethrin and fungicides like

tricyclazole, sivic (1g/l), bavistin and kitazin.

Dantewada: Survey was conducted in four taluks of this district when the crops were either

in dough stage or in maturity stage. The climatic condition was normal. The major rice

varieties grown were MTU 1001, MTU 1010, IR 64, Swarna, HMT, PA6444, PA 6144,

KRH-2, Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia, Huldigutti,

Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Mehar dhan, Chitari, Loctimajhi; and scented varieties like

Badshabhog, Dubra. The average rice yield was 4000 Kg/ha in PA 6144, 1800 kg in IR 64

and 800 kg /ha in satka varieties. In general, sowing and transplanting was done between 1st

to 2nd

week of June and 1st to 3

rd week of July. The average seed rate was 60 kg/ha in case of



local varieties. Most of the farmers did not practice the application of manures in the nursery.

In case of main field they applied DAP and Urea as a basal application and some the farmers

applied urea as top dressing. In the main field they applied FYM based on the availability.

Most of the farmers practiced direct sowing and the weed population was medium to high

and one or two hand weeding was practiced. Moderate to severe incidence of blast was

recorded and the diseases like neck blast, brown spot and insect pests like stem borer, and

leaf folder were in low to moderate level. Among the inputs, there was inadequacy of power,

drying and storage facilities.

Bijapur Narayanpur and Kanker: Six farmers from 4 taluks of Bijapur, 7 farmers from 7

villages of Narayanpur district and 3 farmers from 3 village of kanker district were contacted

for production oriented survey in this district. The survey was undertaken during dough to

maturity stages of the rice crop. The weather conditions were normal in all the districts.

Farmers used on an average 80-100 % of their land for rice cultivation. The most

predominant varieties in the district werehigh yielding varieties like MTU 1010, MTU 1001,

IR 64, Swarna, HMT Poornima, hybrids like PA 6444, PA 6144, KRH-2 and local varieties

such as Limchudi, Gadaguta, Satka, Asamchudi, Safari, Masuri, Bhatammokodo, Bhatacotia,

Huldigutti, Grumutia, Sindur shrinagar, Tendu mudi, Chitari and some of the scented

varieties like Badshabhog and Dubraj. The average rice yield during the last season ranged

from 2700-3200 Kg/ha in Safari, MTU varieties and in hybrid PA6444. Direct sowing of the

rice crop was followed by most of the farmers during second week of june and some of the

farmers followed random method of transplanting in the month of july second week. In the

main field, the farmers applied DAP and urea as a basal application and 30 kg of the urea in

split doses. Few farmers applied FYM according to the availability. Weed infestation was

medium to high and they followed one or two hand weeding. Among the inputs power, water

were scarce. The drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not available. In all

the three districts low to moderate level of neck blast, brown spot, false smut were recorded

where as the intensity of stem borer, leaf folder, brown plant hopper and gall midge were

low. Some farmers used fungicides like bavisitn, kitazin, profenofos and insecticides like

cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos for the management of diseases and insect pests.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Chhattisgarh

District Diseases Insect pests

BL NBL BS FS SHB SB LF GM BPH

Bastar L-M L-M L-M L-M L L L L L

Dantewada M-S - L-M L-M L L-M M-S - L

Bijapur L L L-M L L - L - L

Narayanpur L L-M L-M L-M L L - - -

Kanker L-M L-M L-M L - L L - L



Gujarat

Districts Surveyed:

Ahmedabad, Anand, Bharuch, Dang, Kheda, Navsari, Panchmahals, Surat, Tapi, Vadodara

and Valsad.


District Taluqs

Villages

Ahmedabad Sanand & Dholka, Modasar, Khanpur & Kharati Laat.

Anand Sojitra, Khambhat.

Tarapur, Petlad,

Borsad & Anand.

Ishnav, Jinaj, Sainth, Pandoli, Borsad & Chikhodra.

Bharuch Valia Navi Jamuni.

Dang Ahwa Waghai, Pimpri, Rambhas & Deipada.

Kheda Thasara, Matar Kalsar, Palla & Punaj, Herang, Nawagam, Alindra,

Dabhov.

Navsari Navsari,Vansada,&

Chikhli.

Charanwada, Charvi, Gauri, Jamanpada, Navsari,

Soldhara, Chikhli, Dantej.

Panchmahals Godhra, Lunavada,

Kadana, &

Santrampur.

Velvad/Kankanpur,Karsana, Viraniya, Nawa

Kalwa, Kantha, Shenadariagorada, Sanjari,

Natthunimuwadi, Samantwada, Padharia &

Motirell (West).

Surat Bardoli, Mahuva, &

Mandvi.

Bardoli, Fulwadi, Anghad, Kachhalgam, Butwada &

Mulad.

Tapi Vyara and Valod. Vyara, Vedchhi, Sikaj, Geriavav, Jesingpura, &

Kasvav.

Vadodara Dabhoi Timbi.

Valsad Valsad &

Dharampur,

Chhapra, Karanjvelly & Mindabari.

Widely grown varieties:

District Varieties

Ahmedabad Gurjari, GR-11, Krishna Kamod & Narmada.

Anand GR-11, Sona Mahsuri, Moti, Arise-6444 & GAR-13.

Bharuch Hybrid.

Dang PA -6201, Gorakhnath, GR-12, GR-11, Pankhali,US-312 & US-315, etc.

Kheda Gurjari, Moti-Gold, Masuri & GR-11.

Navsari Gurjari, Kabir, PA-6201, 786, Suruchi, Jaya & Masuri, NAUR-1.

Panchmahals Gurjari, Radha, Jaya, GR-7, GR-11 Surekha & Versha.

Surat NAUR-1, Jaya, Gurjari, IR-28, PA-6201 & Gorakhnath.

Tapi Jaya, GR-4, GR-7, Gurjari, 786(Hybrid), & Gorakhnath.

Vadodara GR-11, Gurjari, Kaveri, Sonam & PA-6201.

Valsad Suruchi, Gorakhnath, PA-6201 & Masuri.



Particulars of rice area:

District Total(ha) Irrigated(ha) Area planted(ha.)

Ahmedabad 108400 108400 108400

Anand 90100 90100 90100

Bharuch 11400 6500 11400

Dang 18000 15800

( Rainfed TP )

18000

Kheda 102200 102200 102200

Navsari 62100 40200 62100

Panchmahals 67100 21800 67100

Surat 55800 45200 55800

Tapi 40000 15000 40000

Vadodara 69500 30000 69500

Valsad 67900 21000 67900

Production Oriented Survey in rice growing areas of eleven districts viz, Ahmedabad,

Anand, Bharuch, Dang, Kheda, Navsari, Panchmahals, Surat, Tapi, Vadodara and Valsad was

conducted. Twenty seven taluqus and fifty six villages were covered under survey. The Kharif

2010 witnessed little late ( last week of July) but well distributed normal monsoon

(61days)with the total rain 957.7 mm i.e. more than the average of last 30 years. Predominant

varieties cultivated were Gurjari, GR-11, GR-4, Masuri, Jaya, GR-7, GR-12, GR-101, GR-103,

GAR-13, Narmada, Moti-gold, Sonam, Surekha, Radha, Arize-6444, Gorakhnath, PA-6201,

Varsha, Kabir, Kaveri, Sonam and Suruchi. Prevailing crop rotations were rice-wheat-rice, rice-

sugarcane, rice-gram, rice-banana, rice-vegetables, rice-rice, rice-tobacco, rice-pearl millet,

rice-wheat-Summer Green gram, rice-Indian bean, etc. In general the rice crop condition was

good all over the state. The productivity trend is maintained but off seasonal rain during

maturity and harvesting stage spoiled the crop. Among the biotic constraints the infestation of

insect pest like leaf folder, stem borer, WBPH, BPH and army worm was recorded in negligible

to low intensity. During early stage of crop growth, infestation of army worm was noticed.

Among diseases bacterial blight appeared negligible in few fields. Blast, grain discoloration,

sheath rot were low to moderate and severe in few fields, false smut and white tip nematodes

were also negligible to low incidence. Other common diseases did not appear during the

cropping season.

District wise observation:

Ahmedabad: Production oriented survey was conducted in two taluks and in three villages.

The team surveyed the district during the Maturity stage. The climatic conditions of the

district were abnormal with the late receipt of rainfall. It was observed that though the rainfall

was late but, well distribution of rain fall was noticed. Off seasonal rains at harvest stage

damaged the crop. Crop rotations like rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, and rice-summer rice were

common. Availability of inputs like seeds, water, fertilizers and pesticides was adequate.

Some of the equipments, power and drying and storage facilities were inadequate. Yield

potentiality of rice observed was 3.6 to 5.2 t/ha. Farmers maintained the seed rate for sowing

at 25–30 Kg/ha. Random transplanting method was followed with 18-20 to 30 pl/m2

density.

The rate of fertilizer application was N100-150 kg/ha. in three splits through urea or A.S.,

P2O5 50-60 kg/ha from DAP or SSP & ZnSO4@ 25 kg/ha . The weed infestation was

negligible and the common weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colona, Cynodon dactylon,



& Cyperus rotundus & Cyperus irria. Mostly hand weeding once or twice is general

practice. The source of irrigation was from rain water, canal, well or tube wells. The insect

pest infestation observed was stem borer and leaf folder at negligible to low intensity.

Pesticide like cartap hydrochloride 4 G@ 14 – 16 kg/ha was used for control of pests. Low to

medium incidence of grain discoloration, and low incidence of false smut was observed in

few pockets. Farmers are facing acute labor shortage in all the cultivation practices, hence

mechanization in transplanting and harvesting is essential needs of the farmers in this region.

Anand and Kheda: The production oriented survey was conducted in six taluks with 12

villages in Anand district, and in two taluques consisting of seven villages in Kheda district.

Rainfall was late but well distributed for rice crop, more than average. The team visited

during dough to maturity stage of the crop. The main crop rotations were Rice-wheat, rice-

vegetable, rice- tobacco etc. The inputs like equipment, Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides were

adequate, while the storage and drying facility were inadequate. The average yield obtained

during the previous kharif season was 3.9 to 7.5 t/ha. The seed rate was 25-30 Kg/ha.

Transplanting method followed was generally random method and a few farmers have

adopted line transplanting keeping 20-22 to 26-30 plants/m2 density. The fertilizers applied

was N @ 70 to 140 kg/ha in three to four split in the from of urea, AS sor NPK spray, while

P2O5 @ 25-75 kg/ha in the from of DAP or SSP. Some farmers applied FYM @ 5-15 t /ha or

castor cake @ 400 kg/ha and ZnSO4@ 20 kg/ha. Few also applied CaSO4@ 5 t/ha. The

source of irrigation in the districts was rain water, canal, well or tube wells. The population of

weeds was negligible to low. Common weeds noticed were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colona,

Cyperus irria, C. rotundus and E. alba etc and hand weeding twice was the general practice.

Weedicide used was Butachlor @ 2 l/ha as pre emergence spray. The primary needs of the

farmers in the district were high yielding fine grain variety. Among the diseases grain

discoloration and false smut were observed in low to moderate intensities in certain pockets.

The insect pests like leaf folder, white tip nematode and stem borer were also recorded in low

intensities while WBPH at low to moderate intensity. Farmers did not spray any fungicide

for control of diseases, but sprayed Cartap hydrochloride-4G@20kg/ha, Endocel-35EC,

chlorpyriphos-20EC, prophenophos, prophenophos + cypermethrin-44EC for control of

insect pests.

Bharuch: The survey was conducted during kharif 2010 covering Navi Jamuni village in

Valia taluk. Farmers cultivate predominantly hybrids. Regarding weather conditions, the

rainfall was sufficient, well distributed and Normal for rice crop. The survey was conducted

during dough stage. The crop rotations followed were rice-wheat and rice-sugarcane. The

inputs like seeds, water, fertilizers and pesticides are adequately available, where as the other

facilities like equipments, power while, drying and storage facilities are not available. The

yields recorded during the previous season was 4.8 t/ha. The seed rate applied was 25 kg/ha.

Farmers generally followed random method of transplanting with 27 to 28 pl/m2

density.

Farmers applied fertilizers like N @ 100 kg/ha in 1 or 2 splits in form of urea or AS and P2O5

@ 60 kg/ha in the form of DAP. Rain water was the main source of irrigation. Farmers

followed mostly rainfed cultivation. The weed flora observed was negligible and the common

weeds found was Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colona, Cyperus rotundus and Eclipta alba. To

control the weeds, hand weeding twice was general practice. Among the biotic constraints,

only leaf folder damage was at negligible to low intensities. Low to moderate intensity of

grain discolouration and sheath rot was observed. The specific needs of the farmers were

timely availability of canal irrigation water to grow healthy nursery.



Dang: Production oriented survey was survey was conducted in four villages viz., Waghai,

Pimpri, Rambhas and Deipada of Ahwa taluk. The cropping season was normal with well

distributed rain fall. The survey team visited the area during milk to dough stage of the crop.

The main crop rotations were rice-wheat, rice-vegetable andrice-sugarcane. Yield potentiality

of rice was 4.6 to 5.6 t/ha (mostly private bred hybrids). Farmers followed seed rate at 15 to

30 kg/ha. Random method of transplanting was followed with 28 to 33 plants/m2

density.

Fertilizers applied were N @ 100-110 kg/ha in 1 or 2 split in form of urea or AS and P2O5 @

30-50 kg/ha. in the form of DAP. Some applied FYM @ 10 to 12 t/ha. Weed infestation was

negligible. Common weeds found were Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa colona and

E.crusgalli. Hand weeding once or twice was the general practice. Some farmers used

butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha. Among the insects, stem borer intensity was negligible to low

intensity. Farmers used carbofuran-3G @ 25kg/ha and chlorpyriphos @ 0.05% for control of

stem borer and leaf folder which were at low intensity. False smut incidence found was

negligible while blast was at severe form. Farmers are in need of technical guidance for

cultivation of hybrid and good market prices for their produce.

Navsari and Valsad: The survey team visited the area during booting to dough stage. The

climatic conditions were normal with well distributed rainfall in both the districts. The

common crop rotation followed was: rice-sugarcane, rice-rice, rice-okra and rice-vegetables.

The inputs like seeds, water, fertilizers, power and pesticides were adequate, but farmers

were facing inadequate availably of storage and drying facilities. Yield potentiality of rice

observed was 4.2 to 5.8 t/ha. Seed rate followed was @ 15 to 30 kg/ha and transplanting was

random with 25 to 30 pl/m2

plant population. The fertilizer schedule applied was N @ 75 to

120 kg/ha in three splits in the form of urea or AS or NPK mixture, P2O5 @ 30 to 50 kg/ha as

basal dose in the form of DAP, SSP or NPK mixture, K2O@ 40kg/ha and FYM @ 3-5 t /ha

as well as green manuring of Sesbania. Common weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli, E.

colona and Cyperus rotundus. To control weeds, hand weeding once or twice was the

general practice. Insect pest infestation observed was brown plant hopper and leaf folder at

low to moderate intensity. Incidence of sheath rot and blast was low to moderate. The low

incidence of white tip nematode was also observed at low intensities. For the control of

insects, farmers used phorate-10G@25 kg/ha, monocrotofos@ 25ml/ and Confidor @ 3ml/10

lit.

Panchmahals: The production oriented survey was conducted in twelve taluks and five

villages in this district. The general climatic conditions were normal with well distributed rain

fall. The team visited the district at different crop growth stages viz., heading, milk, dough

and mature stages. The prevailing varieties grown in this area are Gurjari, Radha, Jaya, GR-7,

GR-11 Surekha and Versha. Farmers followed the cropping pattern like rice-wheat/ gram,

rice-wheat- green gram, rice-rabi maize/summer peanut. Yield potentiality of rice ranged

from 4.2 to 8.1 t/ha. The general seed rate used for sowing was 15 to 30 kg/ha. Transplanting

method followed was random method with 28 to 32 pl/m2

plant density. Farmers used

fertilizers N @ 100 to 120 kg/ha in 2-3 splits in from of urea or AS while P2O5 @ 20 to 50

kg/ha from DAP or SSP as basal dose. FYM @ 5-10t /ha or green manuring. Few applied

ZnSO4@ 25-27 kg/ha. + FeSO4 @ 27 kg/ha. The main source of irrigation was rain water,

canal, well or tube well. Though weed infestation was negligible in this area, people practiced

two hand weedings as a general practice. The weed species observed were Echinochloa

crusgalli and Cyperus rotundus. The occurrence of leaf folder, GLH, grass hoppers, stem

borer and white tip nematodes were found in negligible to low intensity. Among the

diseases, low to moderate incidence of GD and sheath rot was observed. Farmers used

phorate-10G 10kg/ha, endosulphan-35EC @ 20-21ml/l0 l of water, chlorpyriphos +



cypermethrin etc. for control of pests. Specific needs of the farmers seeds of high yielding

varieties, good pest/disease resistant varieties, mechanization for transplanting & harvesting.

Surat and Tapi : In Surat, 3 villages and from Tapi two taluks were surveyed by the team

during the cropping season. The survey was done at milk to dough stage. Normal climatic

conditions were prevailed with well distributed rain fall. The cropping pattern prevailed was

rice-sugarcane/wheat/gram/, rice- rice, and Rice-Summer Okra/ Vegetables etc. The

prevailing varieties were NAUR-1, Jaya, Gurjari, IR-28, PA 6201 and Gorakhnath. The

facilities like equipments, seeds, water, fertilizers, and pesticides were available, where as

non availability of power, storage and drying facilities in tribal areas were noticed. The yield

obtained during the last cropping season was 4.8 to 7.4 t/ha. The seed rate applied in this area

was 15 to 30 kg/ha. Farmers mostly practiced random and line transplanting with 25 to 33

pl/m2

density. Farmers applied FYM during nursery raising as well as in some fields @ 5-

15t/ha. In addition to that farmers also applied fertilizers like N @ 100-120 kg/ha in 3-4 splits

from urea or AS and P2O5 30-60 kg/ha from DAP or NPK mixture & In organic cultivation

FYM@ 10 t/ha.+ Neem cake 0.4t/ha. The irrigation source was mostly by canal or rain

water. The weed population found was negligible to low. The common weeds found in this

area was Echinochloa colona, E. crusgalli, Eclipta alba and Cyperus rotundus. In general,

two hand weedings were practiced and only some farmers used butachlor @ 1.5kg/ha + one

hand weeding. Negligible to low level of incidence of pests like leaf folder, stem borer,

white tip nematodes and mites were observed in this area. For control of pests farmers used

Endosulphan-35EC, Properguide @ 20 ml/ha. Etc. The diseases like bacterial leaf blight

was observed at moderate level, where as sheath rot and grain discoloration was observed at

moderate to high intensity in few fields.

Vadodara: The production oriented survey was done at maturity stage in two villages in this

district. The predominant cropping practices in this region were rice-wheat-green gram and

rice – hybrid sorghum. The general climatic conditions in this district were normal with

ample rain fall through out the season. The common varieties in this district were GR-11,

Gurjari, Kaveri, Sonam and PA-6201. Storage and transport facilities are inadequate in this

region where as the other inputs like electricity, water, fertilizers and pesticides are available

adequately. The average rice yield in this district varied from 4.2 to 6.4 t/ha. The seed rate

followed was 20 to 25 kg/ha. The average plant population ranged between 26 to 30 pl/m2

density and few farmers adopted direct sowing of sprouted seed. Fertilizers applied by most

of the farmers were nitrogen @ N @ 100-130 kg/ha in three splits from urea or AS and P2O5

@ 25-50 kg/ha mostly from DAP as basal dose. Some of the farmers applied FYM 10 t/ha,

castor cake 1 t/ha at 2-4 years intervals. The irrigation sources were mostly from canal or rain

water and occasionally tube well. Negligible incidence of weed population was observed and

the common weeds were E. crusgalli, E. colona , Cyperus rotundus and Barmuda grass.

Weedicides used were butachlor @ 2.5 l/ha as pre–emergence. But hand weeding is the

normal practice. Insect pest infestation found was WBPH, and leaf folder at low intensity.

Insecticides used for the control of pests were endosulphan and imidacloprid. The farmers

expressed their specific needs as proper marketing systems and good prices for their

produce.



Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Gujarat

Districts Diseases

BL BS BB SHR FS GD WTN

Ahmedabad - - - L - L-M -

Anand - - - L L L -

Bharuch - - - L - L -

Dang L-S - - - N L N

Kheda - - - - L L L

Navsari L-M - L L - -

Panchmahals - - - L - L-M L

Surat - L-M L-M - L-M L

Tapi - - - L-M - L-M -

Vadodara - - - - L L -

Valsad L - - L L - -


WBPH LF SB GLH Mite GH LH

Ahmedabad - L L - - - -

Anand L-M L L - - L -

Bharuch - L L - - - -

Dang - - L - - - -

Kheda - L L - - - -

Navsari - L L - - N -

Panchmahals L L L L - L L

Surat - - L - L N -

Tapi N N L - N - -

Vadodara L L - - - - -

Valsad - N-L N-L - - - -



Haryana Districts surveyed: Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jind, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Panchkula,

Panipat, Sonepat, Fatehabad and Sirsa

Details of survey

Districts Taluqs/Blocks Villages

Kaithal Pundri, Kaithal and Gulha Jajanpur, Bhana, Karsa, Pundri, Khanoda,

Keorak, Nauch, Gulha, Ratta Kehra and

Geong

Kurukshetra Pehowa, Shahbad and

Thanesar

Themal Boda, Malikpur, Rohti, Bir Pipli,

Chamokalan, Basanpur, Nandedhi, Chiba,

Dakala and Mamumajra

Karnal Assandh, Nissing,

Nilokheri, Garonda and

Indri

Jai Singh Pura, Hathlana, Sagga,

Bukhapara, Khajamadpur, Kalron, Khanda

Kheri, Bada Gaon, Sitamai and Makhali

Jind Narwana, Uchana and

Safidon

Baglata, Danori, Datta Singh Wala, Ujjana,

Harigarh, Kurad, Gaso Khurd, Jind,

Khemawati and Bighana

Ambala Shajadpur, Naraingarh

and Ambala

Ballana, Shyamdee, Gajipur, Danora,

Ambala, Khaspura, Khurchanpur,

Chodmasatpur, Dahar and Garnala

Yamunanagar Radaur, Sadhora,

Mustafabad and Bilaspur

Nachraon Dera, Nagal, Nashehra,

Namdarpur, Pinjora, Koolpu, Godoli,

Lahar, Pando and Chehar Wala Dera

Panchkula Raipur Rani and Barwala Pyarewala, Garikotah, Batwal, Sarkpur,

Mauli, Jaspur, Kheri, Badona Kalan, Garhi

Kota and Bhurewala

Panipat Samalkha, Panipat and

Matloda

Karkauli, Dikadala, Khera, Baburpur,

Kachrauli, Kabdi, Patti Kalyana, Rejapur,

Dharamgarh and Nara

Sonepat Ganaur, Murlana, Gohana

and Sonepat

Daturi, Badi, Pipli Khera, Gadi Kalam,

Ghasoli, Jagsi, Bidhal, Hasanpur, Papnera

and Malikpur

Fatehabad Ratia and Fatehabad Chanan Wali Dani, Patli Dabur Dhani,

Dhid, Barota, Chimpo, Miond Kalam,

Bajekan, Dharsul Kalam, Akanwali and

Tohana

Sirsa Sirsa, Rania and

Allanabad

Bawdin, Sirsa, Ram Nagaria, Bambhoor,

Chakraiyam, Rania, Nakoda, Mithi Sureran,

Poharka and Madho Singhana



Widely cultivated rice varieties

Districts Varieties

Kaithal HYVs: PR 114, Pusa 44, HKR 47; Basmati: CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4

(Pusa 1121), Pusa Basmati 1; Local/Unreleased strains: Sarbati

Kurukshetra HYVs: PR 114, HKR 47, HKR 127, Sahab 140, PAU 201, MR 220, PR

113, Bishan; Hybrids: Hybrid 832, PA 6129, PA 6111, Hybrid Sagar,

Hybrid Nakul, Hybrid 3325; Basmati: CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4, Pusa

Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati; Local/Unreleased Strains: Sarbati, Reshma

Karnal HYVs: PR 114, HKR 127, Govind, HKR 120, PR 111; Hybrids:

Hybrid 9235, PHB 77 (Pioneer 77); Basmati: CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4,

Pusa Basmati 1; Local/Unreleased Strains:Sarbati

Jind HYVs: Pusa 44, PR 114, HKR 127; Hybrids: Royal Bhog (Pepsi);

Basmati: Pusa Basmati 4, Pusa Basmati 1, CSR 30; Local/Unreleased

Strains: Sarbati and sabnam

Ambala HYVs: HKR 47, HKR 127, PR 113; Hybrids: PA 6444, PA6129,

Hybrid 401, RH 257, Royal Bhog (Pepsi), Hybrid 832, Hybrid 927,

Hybrid Bajrang; Basmati: CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4; Local/Unreleased

Strains: Sarbati

Yamunanagar HYVs: PR 113, HKR 127, Jaya; Hybrids: PA 6444, Hybrid 9235,

Hybrid 748, Hybrid 401, Hybrid Nitya, Hybrid 5971, Hybrid 404, PA

6129, Hybrid 721, RH 257, Hybrid 9433, PHB 71; Basmati: Pusa

Basmati 1, CSR 30, Pusa Basmti 4

Panchkula HYVs: PR 113, HKR 47; Hybrids: PA 6444, RH 257, PHB 71, PA

6129, Hybrid 3325, Hybrid 1316, Hybrid 401, Hybrid 2355; Basmati:

Pusa Basmati 4, CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 1; Local/Unreleased Strains:

Sabati

Panipat Hybrids: PR 114, PR 113; Hybrids: PA 6129; Basmati: Pusa Basmati

4, CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati, Pusa RH 10;

Local/Unreleased Strains: Sabnam

Sonepat Hybrids: Royal Bhog (Pepsi); Basmati: Pusa Basmati 4, CSR 30, Pusa

Basmati 1; Local/Unreleased Strains: Sabnam

Fatehabad HYVs: PR 114, Pusa 44, HKR 127; Basmati: Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa

Basmati 4

Sirsa HYVs: PR 114, PAU 201, PR 106; Basmati: Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa

Basmati 4, CSR 30; Local/Unreleased Strains: Sikanderi (Sikander

333, Hybrid Sugandh 999)



Particulars of rice area in different districts of Haryana during Kharif, 2010 Districts Total

Geographical

area

Total

Cultivable

area (ha)

Total

cultivated

area (ha)

Net

irrigated

area(ha)

Area

under

rice (ha)

%age area under different rice

Basmati HYVs Hybrids Local

Kaithal 2,26,725 2,00,156 1,94,257 1,94,000 1,62,000 58-65 25-30 8-10 2

Kurukshetra 1,67,757 1,47,163 1,45,368 1,44,768 1,17,000 48-50 30-32 18-20 2-3

Karnal 2,45,983 2,16,998 2,09,972 2,08,127 1,65,000 60-65 30-35 5 -

Jind 2,79,000 2,49,000 2,22,000 2,20,675 95,000 50-55 25-30 15-20 -

Ambala 1,53,730 1,35,050 1,33,414 1,08,578 82,000 15-20 30-35 45-50 -

Yamunanagar 1,72,130 1,27,042 1,19,873 1,07,278 65,000 20-25 30-35 45-50 -

Panchkula 57,000 34,000 24,000 24,000 8,000 10-15 20-25 60-70 -

Panipat 1,30,437 1,03,442 98,175 98,175 75,000 75-80 15-20 5 -

Sonepat 2,13,893 1,80,485 1,70,651 1,65,442 83,600 75-80 15-20 5 -

Fatehabad 2,52,318 2,29,966 2,20,122 2,03,190 8,06,000 65-70 25-30 5 -

Sirsa 4,27,177 3,91,849 3,80,723 2,87,111 61,000 75-80 15-20 4-5 1

Weather data pertaining to different districts of Haryana covered under POS during Kharif

2010 District Weather

Parameter

June July August September October November Total

Kaithal Rainy days 3 5 N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.

Rainfall (mm) 43.3 57.0 N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.

Kurushetra Rainy days 5 15 12 9 - 1

Rainfall (mm) 57.0 417.0 116.0 2529.0 - 1 849

Mean Max.

Temp.(0C)

44.0 36.0 36.0 32.0 32.0 29.0

Mean Min.

Temp.(0C)

21.0 22.0 26.0 21.0 16.0 13.0

Karnal Rainy days 5 24 19 20 - 1

Rainfall (mm) 58.46 229.43 230.52 278.45 - 0.86 797.72

Jind Rainy days 3 178 193 15 - 1

Rainfall (mm) 39 207.5 110 157.5 - 1 515.0

Abala Rainy days 8 17 20 14 1 1

Rainfall (mm) 61.7 373.0 180.3 275.7 7.3 2.3 900.3

Yamunangar Rainy days 5 24 22 16 2 -

Rainfall (mm) 32.5 497.3 349.0 405.0 19.0 - 1.02.8

Panchkula Rainy days N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.

Rainfall (mm) N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R. N.R.

Panipat Rainy days 2 17 17 18 - -

Rainfall (mm) 25 182.75 154.37 199.25 - - 561.37

Sonepat Rainy days 4 13 17 17 - -

Rainfall (mm) 17 227 226 234 - - 704

Fatehabad Rainy days 3 11 12 10 - -

Rainfall (mm) 27.0 128.31 60.98 106.29 - - 322.58

Sirsa Rainy days - - - - - -

Rainfall (mm) - - - - - -

Rainfall at RRS, Kaul :June: 39.5 mm (4days); July: 362.0 mm (13 days); August: 81.0 mm (4 days); September:

20.5 mm (3 days); October: 0 mm (0 days); November 0 mm (0 days)

Total rainfall June to Nov. 10: 503.0 mm

Roving surveys in paddy growing areas of Haryana were conducted during August

18, 19, 27, 30 September 10,11 and October ,5 and 27, 2010. A total of 110 villages (10 in

each district) were surveyed in the district of Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jind, Ambala,

Yamunanagar, Panchkula, Panipat, Sonepat, Fatehabad and Sirsa. The information regarding

geographical area, cultivable area, cultivated area, area under paddy and weather parameters

during crop season in the district surveyed is presented in Table 1 and 2 respectively. The



commonly grown varieties were Pusa Basmati-4 (Pusa 1121), CSR-30, Pusa Basmati-1, PR

114, PA 6444, Pusa 44, HKR 47, HKR 127, Sarbati, RH 257, PA 6129 and PR 113. In

addition, Royal Bhog (Pepsi), hybrid 9235, PHB 71, Sabnam, hybrid 748, Hybrid Nitya, PHB

77, hybrid 721, hybrid 404, Reshma, hybrid 3325 and Taraori Basmati etc. Were also grown

at few locations (Tavle 3). Application of weedicide, random planting inadequate plant

population rising of nursery in unpuddled fields and rice-wheat sequence were common in all

the district. Mixed application of fungicides with insecticides for foliar application and that

of granular insecticides with urea as broadcast application was commonly followed in all the

district surveyed except panchkula. Weedicides like Sofit, Nominee gold and insecticides

viz. endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were also applied by some farmers in nursery. Paddy seed

used for raising the nursery of one acre of high yielding and Basmati barities was quite low

(4-5 kg) as against the recommended seed rate of 10-12 kg/acre. The seed treatment was

followed by 50,70,60,40,60,80,40,50,20,50,& 50% farmers in Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnal,

Jind, Panipat, Sonepat, Yamunanagar, Ambala Panchkula, Panipat, Fatehabad and Sirsa

district, respectively. In general, the rainfall was above normal in most of the surveyed

districts particularly Yamunanagar, Ambala Kurukshetra and Karnal (Table 2). An

exceptional heavy rainfall during July 5-7, 2010 coupled with movement of water from

adjoining areas resulted in flood at Rice Research Station, Kaul, which caused a severe

setback to the nursery and transplanted crop. However, it helped in raising the water table by

8-10 feet in the flood-affected areas.

The main constraints identified in increasing rice production in Haryana were

depletion of water table, limited water resources, inadequate and intermittent power supply,

erratic monsoon in the form of excessive rains leading to flood and damage o nursery, direct

sown and transplanted paddy in certain parts of the state particularly district Kaithal,

Kurukshetra, Karnal, Yamunangar, Ambala and Sirsa, poor quality of underground water,

deterioration in soil health, sub-optimal plant population, salinity & alkalinity and continous

follow up of rice-wheat cropping system in addition to biotic constraints particularly WBPH,

BPH, sheath blight and bacterial blight. Bacterial leaf blight was recorded in serve form at

one location each in the district of Kurukshetra, Karnal and Jind in hybrid PA 6129, CSR 30

and Sabnam, respectively. False smut was recorded in low to moderate intensity in 10,10 40

and 30% sites in Kurukshetra, Jind, Ambala and Panchkula district. However at one location

each in the districts of panipat and Yamunangar, the smutted panicles ranged between 85-

90% and 55-60% in Pa 6129 and Pa 6444, respectively. Leaf & Neck blast appeared in low to

moderate intensity in variety CSR 30 Pus Basmati-4 and Pusa Basmati-1. The neck blast

incidence remained below 12% at all the location except one in district karnal were the

disease incidence ranged from 15-20% in variety CSR 30. Foot rot & bakanfe ranged from

trace to 6% at 30,40,50,90,10,10,10,40,80,20 and 410% location in the districts of Kaithal,

Kurukshetra, Karnal, Jind, Ambala, Yamunangar, Panchkula, panipat, Sonepat, Fatehabad

and Sirsa, respectively. Maximum diseases incidence of 6% was recorded in variety Pusa

Basmati-4 and CSR 30 in district Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat and Yamunangar, respectively.

Sheath blight was observe in low to moderate intensity at 20,30,20,20,40 and 30% in the

district of Jind, Ambala, Panchkula, Sonepat, fatehabad and Sirsa, respectively. The disease

intensity was moderate to serve in Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Karnl and Panipat at 30, 60, 30 and

60% locations particularly in cultivars PR 114 CSR 30 and Govind. Sheath rot was observed

at 10, 20 10 and 40% location each in the district of Kurukshetra, Panckhula, Panipat and

Fatehabad with a diseases incidence ranging from trace-3% in hybrid PA 6444, PA 6129,

hybrid Nakul, hybrid Sugandh 999, Sikander 333, Pusa 44, PR 114, and Pusa Basmati-4

Stem rot incidence was observed in ,moderate to severe form at one location each in the

district of in Kaithal and Panchkula where its incidence ranged from 10-15% and 30-35% ,



respectively in Pusa Basmati-1 and hybrid 1316, respectively. Other diseases namely, grain

discolouration, brown spot, and narrow brown leaf spot, leaf smut, kernel smut/bunt and

chlorsis were recorded in low to moderate intensity at few locations. However Khaira (Zinc

deficiency) was recorded in moderate to serve from at 10, 10, 30 and 10% locations in district

Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat and Sirsa in Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa Basmati -4and Pusa Basmati

CSR 30.


Kaithal: Production oriented survey was conducted in 10 villages in this district when rice

crop was in tillering to booting stage. Farmers used 90-100% of their land for rice cultivation.

Farmers grew one rice crop in a year and the only crop rotation followed by the farmers in

this district was rice-wheat. The most popular varieties cultivated by the farmers were PR

114, Pusa 44 and HKR 47 among HYVs; CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4 (Pusa 1121) and Pusa

Basmati 1 among the basmati and local varities like Sarbati. The average rice yield in the

district ranged from 6500-80000 kg/ha in HKR 47 and PR-106, 9000-10000 kg/ha in Pusa 44

and PR 114, 3000-5000 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa Basmati 4, 3000-4000 kg/ha in

case of CSR 30 and 4000-4200 kg/ha in case of Sarbati. Transplanting was completed

between second week of June to last week of July. The average seed rate was 3-6 kg/acre (of

main crop). About 70% of the farmers adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds for 24 h

either in the solution of either Emisan or mixture of Emisan and Streptocycline. However,

none of the farmers did apply any organic manure in the nursery beds. Some of the farmers

applied pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Caldan and endosulfan (500 ml/ 1½ kanal i.e. 750 m2

nursery area) against different insect pests, Nominee Gold and Sofit for controlling the

weeds. In the nursery, most of the farmers applied inorganic fertilizers which ranged from 5-

10 kg urea/kanal or 3-10 kg urea + 8-10 kg DAP per kanal (500 m2) of nursery area. Few

farmers also applied zinc sulphate (2 kg/kanal) and magnesium (250 g/kanal) and some

farmers also applied murate of potash in addition to urea and DAP. In the main fields, the

farmers applied 11.25-43.12 kg N/ha, 28.75-57.5 kg P2O5/ha and 35.7-75 kg K2O/ha as basal

and 28.75-172.5 kg N/ha as split (2-3 splits). However, only few farmers applied K2O. Many

farmers applied zinc sulphate (25 kg/ha) or Maha Zinc (12.5 kg/ha). One farmer applied

sulphur (7.5 kg/ha) and 1.25 kg zinc liberal. About 50% farmers applied FYM which ranged

from 1.6-20 t/acre. One farmer applied biofertilizer @ 5 kg/acre for better growth of rice

crop. Almost all the farmers followed random method of transplanting and the plant

population was 17-24 hills/m2. The population of common weeds likes Echinochloa crusgalli,

Echinochloa spp., Saggitaria spp. Scrapees spp. was negligible. Weedicides like butachlor (

1l/acre), Rifit (pretilachlor) (500 ml/acre) and Topstar (22 g/acre) were applied by the farmers

for the management of the weeds. The important inputs like seeds, water, power for different

agricultural operations, fertilizers and pesticides was adequate. However, most of the farmers

hired tractor and other major implements. For irrigations many farmers are using submersible

tube wells. Drying and storage facilities were inadequate in most of the places. The diseases

like leaf blast, neck blast, brown spot and bakanae were in low to moderate intensities.

Bakanae disease was observed mainly on the basmati varieties. Sheath blight was moderate to

severe in some of the fields especially near the bunds. Stem rot was also moderate in the

range of 10-15 %. Both BPH and WBPH were in low to moderate intensities and 1-25 adults

and nymphs per hill was recorded in different fields. Leaf folder incidence was wide spread

in the range of 2-25% (damaged leaves). Farmers applied different pesticides like

chlorpyriphos (500 ml-1000 ml/acre) and endosulfan (1 l/acre) for termites and other soil

pests, cartap hydrochloride (Padan) (7.5 kg/acre), Caldan + monocrotophos, Regent (5

kg/acre) and Sanvex (5 kg/acre) for leaf folder and stem borer, imidacloprid (100



ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (200 ml/acre) for leaf folder, stem borer and WBPH; Tribune

(buprofezin) (350 ml/acre)+ Beam (120 g/acre) for BPH, WBPH and blast; hexaconazole

(350 ml/acre)+streptocycline (12 g/acre) for sheath blight and BLB; hexaconazole Plus 5%

EC (350 ml/acre) and Saaf for sheath blight; Sivic (120 g/acre)+Nuvan (350

ml/acre)+buprofezin (350 ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (350 ml/acre) for blast, stem borer,

leaf folder and blast and Sivic (140 g/acre)+imidacloprid (110 ml/acre) + lamda cyhalothrin

(290 ml/acre) for blast, BPH, WBPH and leaf folder. Application of mixture of pesticides

was very common among the farmers. Farmers applied 1-4 sprays and they applied the

pesticides as sand or urea mixed broadcasting and also by making holes in the containers.

Kurukshetra: Production orients survey was conducted in 10 villages in this district when

the rice crops were in mild to dough stage. Farmers used 80-100% of their land for rice

cultivation. Farmers cultivated one rice crop in a year and rice-wheat was the only crop

rotation practiced by the farmers. The most predominant rice varieties cultivated by the

farmers were PR 114, HKR 47, HKR 127, Sahab 140, PAU 201, MR 220, PR 113 and

Bishan among HYVs; Hybrid 832, PA 6129, PA 6111, Hybrid Sagar, Hybrid Nakul and

Hybrid 3325 among hybrids; CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4, Pusa Basmati 1 and Taraori Basmati

among the basmati and local cultures like Sarbati and Reshma. The average rice yields

during the previous kharif season ranged from 3000-6000 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa

Basmati 4; 7500-8750 kg/ha in PR 114; 6750-7000 kg/ha in HKR-47, PA 6111 and PA 6129;

and 3000-4000 kg/ha in CSR-30. The optimum time of transplanting was second week of

June to last week of July. The average seed rate was 3 kg for hybrids and 4-5 kg for HYVs

for transplanting one acre (4000 m2) of main fields. About 50% of the farmers adopted seed

treatment by soaking the seeds for 24 hours in the solution of Emisan or mixture of mixture

of Emisan and streptocycline or mixture of Bavistin and streptocycline. The application of

organic manure in the nursery was almost nil. Pesticides like Sofit for control of weeds and

Padan for insect pests were applied by the farmers. In the nursery, farmers applied 4-12 kg

urea + 5-10 kg DAP per kanal (500 m2) or only urea (8-12 kg per kanal. In the main fields,

the farmers applied 11.25-30 kg N/ha, 28.75-77.5 kg P2O5/ha and 37.5-115 kg K2O/ha and

12.5-25 kg zinc sulphate/ha as basal and 57.5-172.5 kg N/ha as top dressing. In basmati

varieties, the amount of N for top dressing was comparatively less. Many farmers did not

apply N as basal and only few farmers applied K. About 20% farmers practices dhaincha

green manuring. The method of transplanting was random. The plant population varied from

15-22 hills/m2. The intensities of common rice weeds like Echinochloa crusgalli and E.

colona were negligible. In addition to manual weeding, farmers applied herbicides like

Aniloguard, butachlor (1 l/acre), Rifit (500 ml/acre), Nominee Gold 980 g/acre) and Fastmix

(1 l/acre). Among the inputs, there was scarcity of power and agricultural equipments in

many places and inputs like drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not

available. Among the diseases, sheath blight was moderate to severe in some of the fields

especially near the bunds and false smut was moderate in some fields of hybrids like Sagar

and Hybrid 832 (7-8 balls/panicles). Among the insect pests, leaf folder was severe (30-35%

damaged leaves) in varieties like PR 114 and Pusa Basmati 1 in Mamu Majra village.

Similarly, there was heavy incidence of WBPH (200-250 insects/hill; 8-10 hopper burn per

acre) in PA 6111 in Chamokalan village. Farmers applied different pesticides like

chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) for termites and as preventive measures; Regent (5kg/acre), Padan

(5-7.5 kg/acre) and Caldan (5 kg/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder; imidacloprid (70-100

ml/acre), dichlorovos (100 ml/acre)+fenbucarb (200 ml/acre),buprofezin (300 ml/acre)+

Nuvan (125 ml/acre) for BPH and WBPH; lamda cyhalothrin (300 ml/acre)+Nuvan (125

ml/acre)+ Sivic (125 g/acre) for BPH, WBPH and blast; lamda cyhalothrin (400

l/acre)+Beam (100 g//acre) for stem borer, leaf folder and blast; hexaconazole (200-500



ml/acre)+ DDVP (200-250 ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (250-350 ml/acre) for leaf folder,

stem borer, sheath blight and WBPH; Karate (350 ml/acre)+Nuvan (250 g//acre)+Sivic (120

g/acre) for WBPH, blast, leaf folder and stem borer; imidacloprid (100

ml//acre)+hexaconazole (350 ml/acre) for WBPH and sheath blight; imidacloprid (100

ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (300 ml/acre) for leaf folder, stem borer and WBPH;

imidacloprid (80- ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (300 ml/acre)+ Sivic (120 g/acre) for blast,

WBPH, leaf folder and stem borer; DDVP (125 ml/acre)+imidacloprid (100 ml/acre)+lamda

cyhalothrin (300 ml/acre)) for WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder; thiomethoxam (70-80

ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (250 ml/acre)+hexaconazole (333 ml/acre) for WBPH, stem

borer, leaf folder and sheath blight; Fuji-one (333 ml/acre)+Matador (200 ml/acre) for blast,

stem borer and leaf folder andTakat (350 ml/acre))+ streptocycline (12 g/acre) for sheath

blight and BLB. Farmers applied 2-4 sprayings of different pesticides. In addition, there was

problem of weedy rice (50 plants/acre) in some of the fields.

Karnal: Survey on various aspects of rice cultivation was conducted in 10 villages in this

district when the crop was in stem elongation to tillering stage or in milk to dough stage.

Most of the farmers used 90-100% of their land for rice cultivation. Farmers cultivated one

rice crop in a year and rice-wheat was the main crop rotation. Most popular varieties

cultivated by the farmers were PR 114, HKR 127, Govind, HKR 120, PR 111 among HYVs;

Hybrid 9235, PHB 77 (Pioneer 77) among the hybrids, CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 4 and Pusa

Basmati 1 among basmati and local varieties like Sarbati. The average rice yield ranged from

7000-7500 kg/ha in HKR 47 and PR 114, 6250-6500 kg/ha in PR 109, 8000-8500 kg/ha in

Govind, 4500-5000 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa Basmati 1121, 7000 kg/ha in hybrid

9235, 9250 kg/ha in Pioneer-77, 3000-4000 kg/ha in CSR 30, 3000-5500 kg/ha in Sarbati and

1500 kg/ha in Taraori Basmati. The optimum time of transplanting was second week of June

to 4th

week of July. The average seed rate for transplanting one acre main field was 3-6 kg.

Some farmers purchased nursery from neighbours. About 60% of the farmers adopted seed

treatment and they treated the seeds by soaking for 24 hours in the solution of

Emisan+streptocycline or Bavistin or only Emisan. None of the farmers applied any organic

manure in the nursery. Weedcides like Sofit and Nominee Gold were applied for controlling

weeds in the nursery. Most of the farmers applied 8-10 kg urea/kanal or 4-7 kg urea + 8-12

kg DAP /kanal nursery area. In the main fields, farmers applied 9-11.25 kg N/ha, 23-57.5 kg

P2O5/ha as basal and 57.5-172.5 kg N/ha as top dressing. Many farmers did not apply any

nitrogen as basal. About 50% of the farmers applied zinc sulphate (25 kg/ha). K application

was almost nil. The amount of N fertilizer was comparatively less in case of basmati

varieties. Some of the farmers practices dhaincha and moong green manuring, applied FYM

(4-9 t/acre). Few farmers applied biofertilizer ‘Grovita’ @ 5 kg/acre. The method of

transplanting was random and the plant population varied from 16-23 hills/m2. The intensity

of common weeds like Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus spp. was negligible. Farmers applied

herbicides like aniloguard (500 ml/acre), pretilachlor (Rifit) (500 ml/acre) and butachlor (1

l/acre) for management of weeds. Among the inputs, there was scarcity of equipments, drying

and storage facilities. Many farmers hired tractor for cultivation. Among the diseases, sheath

blight and BLB was moderate to severe but in patches. Bakanae was observed in the range of

1-6% mainly on the basmati varieties like CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 4. Among the insect

pests, WBPH was very severe in some plots of CSR 30 in Khajamadpur village where a

yield loss of 60-70% is feared. Farmers applied different pesticides like chlorpyriphos (1

l/acre) for termites; cypermethrin+chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) and cartap hydrochloride (5-7.5

kg/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder; hexaconazole (500 ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (170

ml/acre)+streptocycline (12 g/acre) for sheath blight, leaf folder, stem borer and bacterial

blight; buprofezin (350 ml/acre)+hexaconazole (350 ml/acre)+lamda cyhalothrin (200



ml/acre) for WBPH and sheath blight; thiomethoxam (40 ml/acre)+Marshal (200

ml/acre)+tricyclazole (120 g/acre)+Nutrimycin (20 ml/acre) for WBPH, blast, leaf folder and

stem borer; Beam (120 g/acre)+buprofezin (350 ml/acre)+monocrotophos (500 ml/acre) for

WBPH, blast. Leaf folder and stem borer; buprofezin (400 ml/acre)+ hexaconazole (400

ml/acre) for sheath blight and WBPH; Sivic (120 g/acre) + monocrotophos 9500 ml/acre) for

stem borer, leaf folder and blast. Few farmers also applied calbahar (botanicals) @ 5 kg/acre

for better tillering. Farmers used knapsack sprayers or practiced urea mixed broadcast.

Farmers applied 1-4 sprays and overall, there was 2-5% post harvest loss.

Jind: Ten villages were covered for production oriented survey in this district when most of

the rice crops were in stem elongation to booting stage. Some of the rice fields were in milk

to dough stage. Most of the farmers used 90-100% of their land for rice cultivation. Few

farmers used 50-60% of their land for rice. Farmers cultivated one rice crop and rice-wheat

was the only crop rotation. Predominant varieties were Pusa 44, PR 114, HKR 127 among

HYVs, hybirdslike Royal Bhog (Pepsi), basmati varities like Pusa Basmati 4, Pusa Basmati 1

and CSR 30 and local strains like Sarbati and sabnam. The average rice yield during the last

kharif season was 7500-8000 kg/ha in PR 114, 7500-9000 kg/ha in Pusa 44, 4000-5000 kg/ha

in Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa Basmati 4 and 2500-3000 kg/ha in CSR 30. The optimum time of

transplanting was 2nd

week of June to last week of July. The average seed rate was 4-5

kg/acre of main field. About 50% of the farmers adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds

for 12-24 hours in solution of Bavistin, emisan or streptocycline. Very few farmers applied

organic manure in the nursery. Pesticides like Sofit for weed control and Padan for insect pest

control were applied by some of the farmers. Most of the farmers applied 8-12 kg urea/kanal

or urea (8-10 kg)+DAP (5-6 kg) per kanal. Few farmers also applied MOP in addition to urea

and DAP. In the main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 11.25-22.5 kg N/ha, 28.75-57.5 kg

P2O5/ha as basal and 57.5-172-5 kg N/ha as split application (2-3 splits). About 40-50%

farmers practiced dhaincha or moong green manuring and in the green manured fields, the

amount of N was comparatively less. About 30% farmers applied FYM @ 8-12 t/acre. One

farmer also applied growth regulator ‘Biozyme’ (5 kg/acre) and mineral mixture (5 kg/acre)

and few farmers applied sulphur (12.5 kg/acre). Almost all the farmers adopted random

method of transplanting and the average plant population was 18-24 hills/m2. The population

of common weeds like Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus spp. was negligible. Farmers applied

herbicides like butachlor (1 l/acre),Eraze (500 ml/acre), aniloguard (500 ml/acre) and Rifit

(500 ml/acre). Among the inputs, there was shortage of agricultural equipments and power in

some places. Drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not available in most of

the places. Among the diseases, BLB was in moderate to severe form but only in some

patches. Among the insect pests, BPH was very severe in some plots of Pusa Basmati 4 in

Bighana village where 12-13 hopper burn symptoms were observed in one acre and an

approximate 60-70% yield loss was expected. The pesticides like chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) for

termite, root weevil and other soil pests; Padan (5 kg/acre), Caldan (5-7.5 kg/acre) and

endosulfan (350 ml/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder; imidacloprid (110 ml/acre)+ lamda

cyhalothrin (500 ml/acre) for WBPH, leaf folder and stem borer; Sivic (120

g/acre)+propiconazole (200 ml/acre) + imidacloprid (40 ml/acre) for blast, grain

discolouration, WBPH and BPH and Tribune (buprofezin)(350 ml/acre) + blasticidin (200

ml/acre) +DDVP (500 ml/acre) for WBPH and blast were applied by the farmers. Farmers

used knapsack sprayers or practiced urea mixed broadcasting. Farmers usually gave 1-3

sprayings and there was on an average 2-4% post harvest loss.

Ambala: Production oriented survey was conducted in 10 villages in this district when the

rice crops were either in milk to dough stage or stem elongation to booting stage. Majority of



the farmers used 80-100% of their land for rice cultivation though some farmers used only

30-60% of their land. Farmers usually cultivated one rice crop and the main crop rotation was

rice-wheat. The most predominant rice varieties were HKR 47, HKR 127 and PR 113 among

HYVs, hybrids like PA 6444, PA6129, Hybrid 401, RH 257, Royal Bhog (Pepsi), Hybrid

832, Hybrid 927 and Hybrid Bajrang; basmati varieties like CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 4 and

local strains like Sarbati. The average rice yield in the district during the last kharif season

was 6000-7250 kg/ha in HKR 47 and HKR 127, 6000-7500 kg/ha in PA 6129 and PA 6444,

4000-4200 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 4, 4500 kg/ha in Sabnam and 1500-3800 kg/ha in CSR 30.

Transplanting was completed between 3rd

week of June to 3rd

week of July. The average seed

rate was 3-4 kg for hybrids and 3-6 kg/ha in case of HYVs for transplanting one acre of main

land. About 50% of the farmers adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds for 12-24 hours

in the solution of Bavistin (1 g/1 l of watewr/1 kg of seeds) or Emisan. None of the farmers

applied organic manure in the nursery. Insecticides like Padan and Phorate were applied by

some of the farmers. Most of the farmers applied inorganic fertilizers (either urea @10-12

kg/kanal or urea @4-10 kg + DAP 5-10 kg per kanal). Few farmers applied zinc sulphate and

sulphur. In the main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 11.25-22.5 kg N/ha, 28.75-57.5 kg

P2O5/ha and 75 kg K2O/ha as basal and 76.25-230 kg N/ha. About 40% farmers applied zinc

sulphate (12.5-25 kg/ha) and one farmer applied 6.25 kg sulphur/ha. However, only few

farmers applied K. Farmers also applied FYM (3-12 t/acre), poultry manure (2 t/acre), Vipul

(biofertilizer) @ 5 kg/acre, Biozyme (5 kg/acre) and Kalvar (5 kg/acre) for better tillering.

Transplanting was random and the average plant population was 16—23 hills/m2. The

intensity of common weeds like Cyperus spp., Echinochloa crusgalli and E. colona was

negligible. Farmers applied herbicides like Eraze (1 l/acre), butachlor (1 l/acre), aniloguard

(500 ml/acre), Fastmix (1 l/acre), Rifit (500 ml/acre) and Round-up (on bunds). Among the

inputs, there was scarcity of agricultural equipments and power for agricultural operations in

some of the surveyed areas. Drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not

available in most of the places. Among the diseases, sheath blight was moderate and false

smut incidence ranged from low to very severe. There was 60-65% incidence (infected tillers)

in Gajipur village on variety PA 6444 where 6-7 smut balls were observed. Among the insect

pests, BPH was very severe on varieties like HKR 127, PA 6444, hybrid 401 etc. and the

number of insects ranged from 100-125 /hill. Different pesticides like chlorpyriphos (200

ml/acre), cartap hydrochloride (3-7.5 kg/acre) and Regent (5 kg/acre) for stem borer and leaf

folder; chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) for termites; thiomethoxam (Ektara) (40 g/acre) and Foratox

(5 kg/acre) for WBPH, tricyclazole (100 g/acre)+streptocycline (12 g/acre) for blast and BLB

were applied. Farmers used different means for applying pesticides like knapsack sprayers,

urea mixed broadcasting, mixing with irrigation water and making holes in the containers. In

general, farmers gave 1-3 application of pesticides and there was about 2-4% post harvest

loss.

Yamunanagar: Production oriented survey was conducted in 10 villages in 4 taluqs/blocks

in this district. The rice crops were mostly in stem elongation to booting stage. Some of the

rice fields were in dough to maturity stage. Majority of the farmers used 80-100% of their

land for rice cultivation though few farmers used only 40-50%. There was only one rice crop

in a year and rice-wheat was the only crop rotation in the district. Most predominant rice

varieties cultivated in the district were PR 113, HKR 127 and Jaya among HYVs; hybrids

like PA 6444, Hybrid 9235, Hybrid 748, Hybrid 401, Hybrid Nitya, Hybrid 5971, Hybrid

404, PA 6129, Hybrid 721, RH 257, Hybrid 9433 and PHB 71 and basmati varieties like Pusa

Basmati 1, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 4. The average rice yield in the district ranged from

5000-8000 kg/ha in hybrids like PA 6129, PA 6444, PHB 71, RH 257 and Hybrid 401, about

7500 kg/ha in PR 113, 5000-5200 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 1 and 1750-5000 kg/ha in Pusa



Basmati 4. Transplanting was completed in between middle of June to 3rd

week of July. The

seed rate was comparatively less in case of hybrid (3-4 kg for one acre of main field)

compared to HYVs (5 kg for one acre of main field). About 40% of the farmers adopted seed

treatment by soaking the seeds for 24h in solution of Emisan or mixture of Emisan and

Streptocycline. Pesticides like Sofit (75 ml/kanal) and endosulfan were applied in the

nursery. Most of the farmers applied inorganic fertilizers like DAP (5-12 kg/kanal)+urea (5-8

kg/kanal) or only urea (10-12 kg/kanal of nursery). In the main fields, farmers applied

fertilizers @ 11.25-45 kg N/ha, 28.75-115 kg P2O5/ha as basal and 28.75-172.5 kg N/ha and

20-71.9 kg P2O5/ha as top dressing. However, only few farmers used P2O5 for top dressing.

None of the contacted farmers applied potash fertilizers in the main fields. In general, the

dose of N for top dressing was less in basmati varieties. about 90% farmers applied 12.5-25

kg zinc sulphate or Mahazinc per ha. About 50% of the farmers applied FYM (2-9 t/acre) or

poultry manure (2 t/acre). Forty percent of the farmers applied bio-fertilizer (5 kg/acre). All

the farmers contacted adopted random method of transplanting and the average plant

population was 17-24 hills/m2. The population of common rice weeds like Echinochloa

crusgalli and E. colona was negligible. In addition to manual weeding, many farmers applied

herbicides like butachlor (1 l/acre), Rifit (pretilachlor) (500 ml/acre) and Eraze (500 ml/acre)

for the management of weeds. Among the inputs, there was shortage of power in some of the

places and drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not available in most of the

places. Some of the farmers hired tractor land preparation. Some of the farmers expressed

that inputs like pesticides and fertilizers should be available in time. Among the diseases,

blast, brown spot and sheath blight was observed in moderate intensities and false smut was

very severe in some of the places. The incidence of false smut was 55-60% on varieties like

PA 6444 in Pando village while its intensity was 15-20% (8-10 smut balls/panicle) on

varieties like PA 6444 and RH257 in Koolpur village. The intensity of WBPH was moderate

to severe on varieties like PA 6444 and CSR 30 where the insect population was 40-50

insects/hill. Farmers applied pesticides like endosulfan (1 l/acre) and chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre)

for termite, root weevil and also as preventive measure; Regent (2 kg/acre) and cartap

hydrochloride (5 kg/acre) for leaf folder and stem borer; Sivic (120 g/acre) for blast;

Sheathmar (500 ml/acre) for sheath blight; imidacloprid (75 ml/acre)+copper oxychloride

(500 g/acre) for WBPH and false smut; imidacloprid (75 ml/acre)+ hexaconazole (250

ml/acre) for WBPH and sheath blight. In general, farmers applied 1-3 sprayings and there

was about 2-5% post harvest loss.

Panchkula: Production oriented survey was conducted in 10 villages in this district when the

rice crops were in stem elongation to booting stage. Some rice fields were in dough to

maturity stage. Farmers used 50-100% of their land for rice cultivation. In general, farmers

cultivated one rice crop in a year and rice-wheat was the main crop rotation followed by the

farmers. The most predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were PR 113 and HKR 47

among HYVs; hybrids like PA 6444, RH 257, PHB 71, PA 6129, Hybrid 3325, Hybrid 1316,

Hybrid 401 and Hybrid 2355; basmati varieties like Pusa Basmati 4, CSR 30 and Pusa

Basmati 1 and local varieties like Sabati. The average rice yields in the district during

previous kharif was 5500-7500 kg/ha in hybrids like PA 6444, RH 257, PA 6129 and PHB

71; 5500-6500 kg/ha in PR 113 and HKR 6500, about 5000 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 1, 3000

kg/ha in CSR 30 and about 3500 kg/ha in Sarbati. Transplanting was completed in between

3rd

week of June to middle of July. One of the contacted farmers did very late planting in the

1st week of August. The seed rate was similar as in other district i.e. 3-5 kg for one acre of

main field. Very less number of farmers (20%) adopted seed treatment with Emisan +

Streptocycline or with Bavistin. None of the farmers contacted applied manures in the

nursery beds. Few farmers applied herbicide Sofit for control of weeds in the nursery. Most



of the farmers applied chemical fertilizers in the nursery beds. Farmers applied urea (8-12

kg/kanal of nursery) or DAP (8-12 kg/kanal)+urea (5-7 kg/kanal). In the main fields,

fertilizers were applied @ 22.5-28.75 kg N/ha and 57.5 kg P2O5/ha as basal and 57.5-230 kg

N/ha. Some of the farmers applied excessive dosages of N fertilizer. In general, the amount of

N fertilizers for top dressing was less in case of basmati varieties. About 80% of the farmers

applied 12.5-25 kg zinc sulphate per ha. Some of the farmers applied poultry manure (2-4

t/acre) and FYM (1 t/acre). Few farmers applied bio-fertilizer (5 kg/acre). Transplanting was

mainly random and the average plant population was 15-24 hills/m2. The population of

common rice weeds like Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus spp. was negligible. Some of the

farmers applied herbicides like butachlor (1 l/acre) and Nominee Gold (100 ml/acre) for the

management of weeds. There was shortage of inputs like power, drying and storage facilities.

Among the different biotic constraints, sheath blight was moderate and stem rot was severe

(30-35%) on hybrid 1316 in Garhi Kota village where severe lodging was noticed. Some of

the farmers applied chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) for termite and cartap hydrochloride (5-7.5

kg/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder. Farmers applied these pesticides as sand or urea

mixed broadcast. Number of sprays was 1-2 and there was 2-5% post harvest loss.

Panipat: Ten villages in three blocks were covered for production oriented survey during the

crop season of 2010. Most of the rice crops were either in stem elongation or milk to mature

stage. Farmers used 70-100% of their land for rice cultivation. Rice-wheat was the only crop

rotation followed by the farmers. Most predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were

PR 114 and PR 113 among the HYVs; hybrids like PA 6129; basmati varieties like Pusa

Basmati 4, CSR 30, Pusa Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati and Pusa RH 10 and local varieties like

Sabnam. The average rice yield in the district ranged from 4000-5500 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati

4, PRH 10 and Pusa Basmati 1, about 8000 kg/ha in PR 114 and about 5000 kg/ha in case of

PA 6129. Most of the transplanting was completed in between 3rd

week of June to 2nd

week

of July. Farmers used 3-6 kg seeds for raising nursery required for 1 acre of main field. About

60% of the farmers adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds for 12-24 h in the solution of

Emisan or Emisan + Streptocycline or Bavistin. Most of the farmers applied either urea (8-10

kg/kanal of nursery) or DAP (8-13 kg/kanal) + urea (3-10 kg/kanal). However, none of the

farmers applied organic manure in the nursery beds. In the main fields, fertilizers were

applied @ 11.25-22.5 kg N/ha and 28.75-57.5 kg P2O5/ha as basal and 28.75-201.25 kg N as

top dressing. Farmers applied N in 2-3 splits. About 40% of the farmers applied zinc sulphate

912.5-25 kg/ha). Very few (20%) farmers applied 12.5 kg S/ha. Few farmers applied poultry

manure (2 t/acre) and practiced dhaincha green manuring. All the farmers contacted adopted

random method of transplanting and the average plant population was 15-24 hills/m2. The

intensity of common rice weeds like Echinochloa spp and Cyperus spp was negligible. In

addition to manual weeding some of the farmers applied herbicides like Fastmix (1 l/acre),

butachlor (1 l/acre) and Rifit (500 ml/acre). Among the inputs, there was shortage of

equipments and power in some places. Farmers mostly hired tractor and other heavy

instrumnents. Drying and storage facilities were inadequate in most of the places. Among the

diseases, rice sheath blight was recorded in moderate to severe intensity in many places and

the disease mostly was aggregated near the bunds. False smut was recorded in few places

only but was very severe. Its intensity was up to 85-90% (infected tillers with 7-8 smut

balls/panicle) on the varieties like PA 6129 in Kabdi village. Among the insect pests, WBPH

was severe (120-130 insects/hill; 2-3 big hopper burn/acre) especially on varieties like CSR

30, Pusa Basmati 4 and Pusa Basmati 1 and it was expected that there would be an yield loss

of 60-70%. Different pesticides like chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) and endosulfan (1 l/acre) for

termites and other soil pests; cartap hydrochloride 95-7.5 kg/acre), korogen 9150 ml/acre),

chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin (1 l/acre), Regent (7.5 kg/acre) and endosulfan (1 l/acre) for



stem borer and leaf folder; hexaconazole (400 ml/acre) + lamda cyhalothrin (250 ml/acre) +

propiconazole (200 ml/acre) for sheath blight, leaf folder and stem borer; Victor (200

ml/acre) + streptocycline (20 g/acre) for sheath blight and bacterial blight; validamycin 9250

ml/acre) + Sivic 9100 g/acre) + lamda cyhalothrin (250 ml/acre) for sheath blight, blast, leaf

folder and stem borer; validamycin (350 ml/acre) + imidacloprid (100 ml/acre) + Korogen

(150 ml/acre) for sheath blight, leaf folder, stem borer and WBPH; Korogen (100 ml/acre) +

streptocycline (12 g/acre) for BLB, leaf folder and stem borer; Beam (120 g/acre) +

buprofezin 9350 ml/acre) + propiconazole (200 ml/acre) for grain discolouration, blast and

WBPH; Sivic (120 g/acre) + buprofezin 9350 ml/acre) + chlorpyriphos (250 ml/acre) for

blast, WBPH, leaf folder and stem borer; buprofezin 9350 ml/acre) + lamda cyhalothrin (250

ml/acre) for WBPH, leaf folder and stem borer; Beam (120 g/acre) + hexaconazole (150

ml/acre) + Sakdor (30 ml/acre) for leaf folder, stem borer, WBPH and blast; imidacloprid

(100 ml/acre) + Tribune (buprofezin) (350 ml/acre) + Sivic (120 g/acre) + Nuvan (250

ml/acre) for WBPH, blast and BP and imidacloprid (100 ml/acre) + Ektara (thiomethoxam)

(40 ml/acre) for WBPH and BPH were applied by the farmers. Farmers applied pesticides

using knapsack sprayers or sand and urea mixed application or making holes in the container.

Farmers applied 1-4 sprays and there was an average 2-5% post harvest loss.s

Sonepat: Survey was conducted in 10 villages in 4 blocks in this district. The rice crops were

in stem elongation to booting stage or in milk to dough stage. Farmers used 80-100% of their

land for rice cultivation and rice-wheat was the only crop rotation followed by the farmers.

Predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were hybrids like Royal Bhog (Pepsi);

basmati varieties like Pusa Basmati 4, CSR 30 and Pusa Basmati 1 and local varieties like

Sabnam. The average rice yield ranged from 4000-5000 kg/ha in Pusa Basmati 4 and Pusa

Basmati 1; 4500-5500 kg/ha in Pepsi and hybrid 5500; about 6500 kg/ha in hybrid 999 and

2500-4000 kg/ha in CSR 30. Transplanting was completed in between end of June to end of

July. Farmers used 3-7 kg seeds for transplanting one acre of main field. About 90% of the

farmers adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds for 6-24 h in the solution of Emisan or

Emisan +streptocycline or Bavistin. Pesticides like Nominee Gold and Sofit for weed control

and Caldan for managing pest problems were used in the nursery. Most of the farmers applied

urea (7-12 kg/kanal of nursery) or DAP (8-10 kg/kanal) + urea 95-10 kg/kanal). Some of the

farmers also applied zinc sulphate (2 kg/kanal) and MOP (1.5 kg/kanal). In the main fields,

farmers applied fertilizers @ 22.5-45 kg N/ha and 57.5-115 kg P2O5/ha as basal and 28.75-

172.5 kg N/ha as top dressing (2-3 splits). About 60% of the farmers applied zinc sulphate

(12.5-25 kg/ha) and few farmers (20%) applied sulphur (12.5 kg/ha). Some of the farmers

applied FYM (7 t/acre), poultry manure (3.5 t/acre), biofertilizer (5-12.5 kg/acre) and few

farmers practiced dhaincha green manuring. Some of the farmers did not apply any basal

dose of fertilizer but applied N and P2O5 at 7 DAT, 15-20 DAT and at 40 DAT. The method

of transplanting was random and average plant population was 15-25 hills/m2. The population

of common rice weeds like Echinochloas crusgalli, E. colona and Cyperus spp was

negligible. Farmers applied herbicides like Rifit (500 ml/acre), butachlor 91 l/acre) and

Fastmix (800 g/acre) for managing the weeds. There was problem of weedy rice (70-80 per

acre) in some of the rice fields. There was scarcity of water and power in some of the places

surveyed and drying and storage facilities were inadequate in most of the places. Among the

diseases, there moderate to severe problems of Khaira (zinc deficiency) in some places

especially on varieties like Pusa Basmati 4 and CSR 30. Among the insect pests, BPH was

moderate to severe (many hopper burn areas) especially on varieties like Pusa Basmati 4 and

CSR 30. There was problem of iron deficiency in some places. Pesticides like chlorpyriphos

(1 l/acre) and endosulfan (1 l/acre) for termites; cartap hydrochloride (3-5 kg/acre), phorate (5

kg/acre) and endosulfan (250 ml/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder; Beam (120 g/acre) +



lamda cyhalothrin (350 ml/acre) + buprofezin (300 ml/acre) for blast, leaf folder, stem borer

and WBPH; buprofezin (350 ml/acre) + Beam (100-120 g/acre) for WBPH and blast; Nuvan

(500-750 ml/acre) and BPMC (fenbucarb) (750 ml/acre) for WBPH and hexaconazole (300

ml/acre) + buprofezin (350 ml/acre) + Beam (120 g/acre) for blast, sheath blight and WBPH

and Cosavet (Suphur) (3 kg/acre) for bakanae disease were applied by the farmers. Farmers

applied pesticides using knapsack sprayers or sand and urea mixed application. The number

of pesticide application varied from 1-3 and there was 2-5% post harvest loss.

Fatehabad: Ten villages in two blocks were covered for production oriented survey in this

district. Most of the rice crops were in stem elongation to heading stage at the time of survey.

Farmers used 90-100% of their land for rice production and rice-wheat was the only crop

rotation followed by the farmers. The predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were

PR 114, Pusa 44, HKR 127 among HYVs and basmati varieties like Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa

Basmati 4. The average rice yields in the district ranged from 4500-700 kg in Pusa Basmati 1

and Pusa Basmati 4 (Pusa 1121); 7500-9000 kg/ha in PR 114 and Pusa 44, 7750 in

Sikenderi/Sugandha and about 10,500 kg/ha in PAU 201. Transplanting was done in between

middle of June and middle of July. The average seed rate was 4-5 kg for transplanting one

acre of main field. Some of the farmers purchased seedlings. Fifty per cent of the farmers

adopted seed treatment by soaking the seeds for 24 h in Emisan (1 g/l of water/kg of seeds) or

carbendazim (10 g/l0 of water/10 kg of seeds) or Bavistin (1 g/l of water/kg of seeds) +

streptocycline (0.1 g/l of water/kg of seeds). Very few farmers applied organic manure in the

nursery. Some farmers applied Sofit for weed control in the nursery. Most of the farmers

applied DAP (10 kg/kanal) or urea (10 kg/kanal) or DAP (5-10 kg/kana) + urea (5-10

kg/kanal) in the nursery beds. In the main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 11.25-22.5 kg

N/ha and 28.75-46 kg P2O5/ha and 75 kg K2O/ha as basal and 57.5-172.5 kg N/ha as top

dressing (2-3 splits). However, only few farmers only applied K. About 50% of the farmers

applied zinc sulphate (12.5-25 kg/ha). Few farmers applied sulphur (2.5-3 kg/acre) and

practiced dhaincha green manuring. Transplanting was random and the average plant

population was 18-24 hills/m2. The population of common weeds like Echinochloa spp. was

negligible. Farmers applied herbicides like butachlor (1 l/acre), aniloguard (500 ml/acre),

pretilachlor (500-1000 ml/acre) and anilophos (500 ml/acre). Among the inputs, there was

shortage of power and water in some of the places and drying and storage facilities were

inadequate in most of the places. Many farmers hired tractor and other heavy instruments.

Some farmers expressed the need for rotavator and laser leveler. Most of the diseases were in

low to moderate intensities. Among the insect pests, leaf folder was very severe (55-60% DL)

in some of the fields of Pusa Basmati 4 in Chandawali village. Different pesticides like

chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) and endosulfan (1 l/acre) for termites and root weevil; Padan (7.5

kg/acre), Hero (250 ml/acre) + Confidor (100 ml/acre), Agri cartap 50% SP (200 g/acre),

Karate (250 ml/acre), monocrotophos (200 ml/acre) + cypermethrin (125 ml/acre), Caldan (7-

7.5 kg/acre), chlorpyriphos + Cypermethrin (350 ml/acre), Regent (5 kg/acre) and Thimet (5

kg/acre) for stem borer and leaf folder; Beam (120 g/acre) for blast; Karate (250 ml/acre) +

DDVP (150 ml/acre) + Confidor (100 ml/acre) for stem borer, leaf folder and WBPH; lamda

cyhalothrin (400 ml/acre) for grasshoppers, leaf folder and stem borer; Confidor (100

ml/acre) + Bavistin (250 g/acre) for WBPH, blast and sheath blight; carbendazim-mancozeb

(200 g/acre) + imidacloprid (70 ml/acre) for WBPH and grain discolouration and Confidor

(80 ml/acre) + lamda cyhalothrin (350 ml/acre) for WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder were

applied by the farmers. There was problem of weedy rice (200-250 plants/acre) in some of

the fields of Dhid village and in traces in most other places. The number of sprays varied

from 2-3 and overall there was 2-5% post harvest loss.



Sirsa: Production oriented survey was conducted in 10 villages in 3 blocks in this district

when the rice crops were in stem elongation to booting stage. Majority of the farmers used

80-100% of their land for rice cultivation. Rice-wheat was the only crop rotation followed by

the farmers. Predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were PR 114, PAU 201 and PR

106 among the HYVs; basmati varieties like Pusa Basmati 1, Pusa Basmati 4 and CSR 30

and local varieties like Sikanderi (Sikander 333, Hybrid Sugandh 999). The average rice yield

in the district ranged from 2500-6250 kg/ha in varieties like Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa basmati

4. Time of planting ranged from 3rd

week of June to 3rd

week of July. The average seed rate

was 4-5 kg for transplanting one acre of main field. Many farmers adopted seed treatment

with Bavistin or Emisan. Some of the farmers (30%) applied a layer of FYM on the nursery

beds. Some of the farmers treated the seeds with endosulfan to check bird damage. Many

farmers applied organic manure in the nursery fields. Most of the farmers applied urea (5-15

kg/kanal) + DAP (5-12 kg/kanal) in the nursery. Some farmers also applied sulphur (1-2

kg/kanal) and zinc sulphate (1.25 kg/kanal of nursery). In the main fields, fertilizers were

applied @ 11.25-22.5 kg N/ha and 28.75-57.5 kg P2O5/ha as basal and 103.5-172.5 kg N/ha

as top dressing (2-3 splits). About 40% of the farmers applied zinc sulphate (12.5-25 kg/ha)

and 20% farmers applied sulphur (2.5-5 kg/ha). About 30% of the farmers applied FYM (3-9

t/acre) and few farmers applied biofertilizers and practiced dhaincha green manuring. Method

of transplanting was random and the average plant population was 18-22 hills/m2. The

intensity of common weeds like Echinochloa spp and Dactyloctenium spp. was negligible

and in addition to manual weeding, many farmers applied herbicides like butachlor (0.5-1

l/acre) and Rifit (500-650 ml/acre) for the management of weeds. Among the inputs, there

were scarcity of power, drying and storage facilities in most of the places surveyed. Farmers,

in general hired tractor and other heavy implements. Some of the farmers expressed the need

of laser leveler. The incidence of different biotic stress was less except that blast and khaira

was in moderate intensities in some of the places surveyed. Pesticides like Thimet (2.5

kg/acre), Padan (7.5 kg/acre), Caldan (7.5 kg/acre), lamda cyhalothrin (400 ml/acre), Phorate

(5 kg/acre), monocrotophos (250 ml/acre) for leaf folder and stem borer; endosulfan ( 1

l/acre) and chlorpyriphos (1 l/acre) for termites; acephate (120-400 g/acre) + Confidor (100

ml/acre) for WBPH, leaf folder and stem borer, chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin (500 ml/acre)

+ Bavistin (250 g /acre) for leaf folder, stem borer, WBPH and blast; COnfidor (120 ml /acre)

+ Karate (160 ml l/acre), Confidor (80 ml/acre) + hexaconazole (300 ml/acre) for WBPH and

sheath blight and carbendazim (400 g/acre) + validamycin (400 ml/acre) for bakanae and

sheath blight were applied by the farmers. There was problem of weedy rice which are

characterized by very long panicles (about 1 ft) with pinkish husk having 185-190

grains/panicle. In some of the plots, the population of weedy rice was 100-300 plants/acre).

In some plots, its intensity was less about 15-20%. Overall, there was 2-5% post harvest loss

in the district.



Incidence of different diseases in different districts of Haryana during 2010, Kharif

season Districts Diseases

LBL NBL BS SHBL SHR GD STR FS Bak BLB Khaira

Kaithal L-M (3-5 score)

L (1-3%)

L-M (3 score)

M-S (7 score)

L-M (10-5%)

L (0.2-2%)

Kurukshetra L

(3 score)

L

(1-4%)

L-M

(3-5

score)

M-S

(5-9 score)

L

(3 score)

L (3-

4%)

L-M (3-

10%)

L(1-3%)

Karnal L (5-6%) L (3 score) S (9 score) L (1-6%) M (score 7-9;

pathches)

S

Jind L-M (2-

12%)

L-M (3-5

score)

L (4-5%) L (1-5%) M (score 7)

Ambala M (5 score) L (1-

3%)

L-S (2-

65%)

T

Yamunanagar M (5

score)

L (4-8%) M (5

score)

L-M (3-5

score)

L-S (1-

60%)

Panchkula M (5 score) L (2-

3%)

L (3-

4%)

S (30-

35%)

L (2-3%)

Panipat L (1-5%) L-M (3-5

score)

M-S (5-7

score)

T S (80-

90%)

Sonepat L (3 score) T L-M (3-5

score)

L (2-6%) M-S

Fatehabad L-M (3-5

score)

L-M (3-5

score)

L (1-

3%)

T (0.5-

0.6%)

Sirsa L-M (3-5

score)

L (3 score) T (0.4-

1.5%)

M

There was minor incidence of leaf smut in Kurukshetra district

Incidence of different insect pests in Haryana during Kharif, 2010 Districts Insect pests

BPH WBPH SB LF WM Termite

Kaithal L-M

(1-25

insects/hill)

L-M

(2-25 insects/hill)

L L-M

(2-25% DL)

Kurukshetra L-M (3-20

insects/hill)

S (200-250

insects/hill)

T S (30-35% DL)

Karnal L-M (1-25

insects/hill)

L-S L (103%) L-S (4-30% DL)

Jind L-S L-M (4-25%DL) L (2-3%) S

Ambala S (100-125

insects/hill)

M-S (7-8 hopper

burn/acre)

T L (5-6% DL)

Yamunanagar M-S (40-50

insects/hill)

T L-M (2-12% DL) L (5-6% DL)

Panchkula L (1-3/Hill) L (2-3%) L (2-6%) L-M (10-12% DL)

Panipat T S (120-130

insects/hill)

L (5-7% DL)

Sonepat M-S L (2-3%) L (1-6% DL)

Fatehabad L-M (4-20

insects/hill)

L (1.5-2%) L-S (4-60% DL)

Sirsa L (1-3 insects/hill) T L-S (2-40%)



Jammu Kashmir-1

Districts surveyed

Pulwama, Anantnag and Kulgam


District Block Villages

Pulwama Pulwama and Tral Tahab, Nair, Raugmullah, Zasaw and Haripurigam

Anantnag Dachnipora, Khovirpora,

Breng, Shahabad, Achabal,

Shangus and Qazigund

Marhama, Khiram, Sallar, Sirhama, Silgam, Sakras,

Mattan, Imoh, Shelipora, Isoowagan, Shangus,

Dharana, Khrechi, Mohirpora, Hillar, Tangpowa,

Botapora and Chandian

Kulgam Kulgam, Qoimoh, Pahloo,

Devsar, D. H. Pora

Modergam, Kanipora, Khudwani, Hossanpora, Arwani,

Shirpora, Vatalhama, Raidwani, Yamrach, Yaripora,

Homeshalibug, Sachan, Pahloo, Kelam, Berigam,

Mauzgam and D. H. Pora

Widely Grown Varieties

District Varieties

Pulwama K-39, Jehlum, China 1007, China 1039, SR-1 and SK-105 (Shalmar-1)

Anantnag China 1039, K-39,K-448( Jehlum), China 988, China 1007, SR-1, Kohsar, K-

332 and Kamad

Kulgam Jehlum, SR-1, China 988, K-448 (Jehlum), China 1007, China 1039, K-39, Pusa

Sugandh-3 and K-332

Particulars of Rice Area

District Total Cultivable area

(ha)

Area Under Rice

(ha)

Irrigated Area

(ha)

Pulwama 16734 16734 16734

Anantnag 25086 25086 25086

Kulgam 17961 17961 17961

A survey on rice scenario was conducted in two three districts, namely Pulwama,

Anantnag and Kulgam of J&K State during Kharif 2010. The crop was at heading to maturity

stage during the time of survey. Maize and rice were the only two crops grown widely in

Kharif season, the non-availability of high yielding cultivars of rice, weedicides, fertilizers

and pesticides particularly at higher reaches played an important role for overall less

productivity in these districts. Zinc deficiency occurred at few places of Marhama, Sirhama,

Mattan, Shelipora and Isoowagan regions in Anantnag district. Farmers grow seed from their

previous crop that consists of a number of local and improved varieties. The impact of pests

and diseases remained at low during the current season.


Pulwama: Production oriented survey was conducted during August – September, 2010 in

five villages in the district. The general weather conditions remained normal during the crop

season, however low temperatures were recorded during nursery stage of the crops which

resulted in drying of the nursery. The survey was conducted during heading and mature

stages of the crop as well. Most of the farmers were marginal. The prevailing varieties were

K-39, Jehlum, China 1007, China 1039, SR-1 and SK-105 (Shalmar-1). The plant density

followed was 60-65 plants/m2. The sowings and transplanting were done during May and



June respectively. Farmers followed random transplanting. Crop rotation followed were Rice-

oilseeds, rice–mustard-rice oats. Farmers normally applied FYM @ 0.5-1.0kg/m2 and urea at

the time of raising the paddy nursery but provided Nitrogen 80kgs/ha in 3 split doses of urea

and DAP in the main field. Potash application was almost negligible. The commonly

observed weeds were Echinoclova, Cyprus spp, P, Cyprus iria, Marselia quadriflis etc.

Weedicide Butachlor @ 1.5kg/a.i/ha was in practice by most of the farmers that resulted into

very low or negligent infestation of the weeds. Most of the fields surveyed in the district were

found infected with leaf blast, Neck blast, sheath blight and Grain discolouration in low to

moderate intensities on Jehlum, China 1007, China 1039 varieties. Insect and pest infestation

was also found below the threshold level. Farmers applied Tricyclazole 75WP @ 0.6g/l and

Hexaconazole 5EC @ 0.5ml/l for controlling Blast, brown spot and glume discolouration.

Anantnag: Production oriented survey was conducted during August – September, 2010 in

eighteen villages in the district. The general weather conditions remained normal during the

crop season, however low temperatures were recorded during nursery stage. Most of the

farmers were marginal. The survey was conducted during heading to maturity stage of the

crop. The prevailing varieties were China 1039, K-39, K-448 (Jehlum), China 988, China

1007, SR-1, Kohsar, K-332 and Kamad. The sowings and transplanting were done during

May and June respectively. Farmers followed random transplanting. The plant density

followed was 55-70 plants/ m2. Crop rotation followed was Rice–mustard-rice oats, Rice-Oat

and Rice-Fallow was observed in the surveyed areas. Farmers normally applied FYM @ 0.5-

1.0kg/m2 and urea at the time of raising the paddy nursery but provided Nitrogen 90kgs/ha in

3 split doses of urea and DAP in the main field. Potash application was almost negligible.

The commonly observed weeds were Echinoclova, Cyprus spp, Potamageton distinctus,

Cyprus iria, Marselia quadriflis etc. Weedicide Butachlor @ 1.5kg/a.i/ha was in practice by

most of the farmers that resulted into very low or negligent infestation of the weeds. Farmer

adopts for its corrective measures. Most of the fields surveyed in the district were found

infected with leaf blast, Neck blast and Grain discolouration on Jehlum, China 1007, China

1039 varieties. Insect and pest like BPH, WBPH, GLH, leaf folder, stem borer and rats were

found below the threshold level. Farmers applied Hexaconazole 5EC @ 0.3ml/l, Mancozeb

75WP @ 3g/l and Tricyclazole 75WP @ 0.6g/l for controlling Blast and other fungal

diseases.

Kulgam: Production oriented survey was conducted during August – September, 2010 in

seventeen villages in the district. The general weather conditions remained normal during the

crop season, however low temperatures were recorded during nursery stage of the crops

which resulted in drying of the nursery. Most of the farmers were marginal. The survey was

conducted during heading and mature stages of the crop. The prevailing varieties were

Jehlum, SR-1, China 988, K-448 (Jehlum), China 1007, China 1039, K-39, Pusa Sugandh-3

and K-332 The sowings and transplanting were done during May and June respectively.

Farmers followed random transplanting. The plant density followed was 60-65 plants/ m2.

Crop rotation of Rice–mustard-rice oats, Rice-Oat and Rice-Fallow was observed in the

surveyed areas. Farmers normally applied FYM @ 0.5-1.0kg/m2 and urea at the time of

raising the paddy nursery but provided Nitrogen 80kgs/ha in 3 split doses of urea and DAP in

the main field. Potash application was almost negligible. Weed infestation was medium; the

commonly observed weeds were Echinoclova, Crusgali, Cyprus spp, Potamageton distinctus,

Cyprus iria, Marselia quadriflis etc. weedicide butachlor @ 1.5kg/a.i/ha. Farmer adopts for

its corrective measures. Most of the fields surveyed in the district were found infected with

leaf blast, Neck blast and Grain discolouration on Jehlum, China 1007, China 1039 varieties.



Insect and pest infestation was also found below the threshold level. Farmers applied

tricyclazole 75WP @ 0.6g/l, mancozeb 75WP @ 3g/l and hexaconazole 5EC @ 1.0ml/l for

controlling Blast and other fungal diseases.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests

Districts Diseases Insects

BL NBL BS SHBL GD FS BPH WBPH GLH SB LF RAT

Pulwama L-M L L L L-M - L L L L L L

Anantnag L-M L L L L-M - L L L L L L

Kulgam L-M L-M L - L - L L L L L L



Jammu and Kashmir-2

Districts Surveyed: Rajouri and Jammu

District Block Villages

Rajouri Rajouri, Thanna Mandi,

Doongi, Manjakote and

Nowshera

Pyne, Dandesar, Thanna Mandi, Bairoot, Kote,

Plangarh, Kalari, Aitti, Muradpur, Chatiyar,

Chak Jalala, Dalogra and Thandi Kayari

Jammu Marh, Bhalwal, Bishnah and

R.S. Pura

Akalpur, Sarora, Lower Muthi, Tanda, Kukrian,

Badyal Brahmana, Sai Molla, Chakroi, Trewa,

Gho-Manasa, Satrayian, Mokhyan and

Sandhwan

Widely Grown Varieties:

District Prevalent Varities

Rajouri K 39, K 343, Giza-14 and Basmati local

Jammu China 1039, Ratna, Sharbati, Basmati 370, Pusa 1121 and Hybrids 6444

Particulars of Rice Area:

District Total Cultivable area

(ha)

Area Under Rice

(ha)

Irrigated Area

(ha)

Rajouri 140580 8020 7779

Jammu 169225 45000 49754

A production oriented survey in rice crop was conducted in a hilly district Rajouri and

in some plains of Jammu district of J&K State during kharif-2010. The varieties like K39,

K343 and Giza-14 were still found to be the preferred varieties in Rajouri while a

revolutionary change was pragmatic in Jammu district whereby every farmer was keen to

replace their age-old customary varieties of rice to the new high yielding hybrids. But with

the unusual onslaught of false smut disease devastating many rice fields growing hybrid

varieties in Marh and Bhalwal blocks, there remains a big challenging task before its

adoption in full spirits. A few progressive farmers had even left growing hybrids of paddy in

view of the alarming rise in the incidence of false smut. Weather for the year in both the

districts remained most favourable to escape with the many diseases and pests and made the

crop flourish till a heavy downpour of rain and hailstorm wrecked the basmati crop in

particular and thereby losing yield even to the maximum extent of 80 per cent. Many farmers

in Jammu were constantly getting the improvised seed from nearby Punjab state, but without

testing their reliability in local agro-climatic conditions. Even farmers in Rajouri district were

demanding the high yielding rice varieties that could thrive well in their subtropical and high

altitude temperate areas. Use of fertilizers in many surveyed areas was not encouraging. The

vanishing supply of potash and the late and erratic supply of DAP has become the routine that

may inflict a serious dent in the soil health in near future. Many rivulets (irrigation channels)

feeding almost the entire fields in Rajouri district, required to be repaired and reconstructed

because of the constant rains this season that washed away these temporary channels.

The district-wise detail of the individual district is given below:



Rajouri: An extensive 3-day survey on rice production was conducted in district Rajouri

when the crop was at dough or at maturity stage. At some places the farmers had even

harvested their crop earlier by 15-20 days for fear of hailstorm and kept the produce in heaps

for subsequent drying and threshing. District Rajouri is spreaded in 2630 square kilometre

area and has a net cultivable area of around 56,400 hectares. The cropping intensity of the

district is 185.4 per cent. In the current season, the rice crop occupied about 8020 hectare area

with its productivity at 17.06q/hectare. Weather during the entire season remained quite

conducive for the remarkable vigour and yield of rice crop. Uniform widespread rains made

even the un-irrigated fields bloom unprecedentedly till their harvest. Most of the rice fields

are located on the riverside flowing across the district. Each field in turn is connected with

the small concrete or temporary ‘kacha’ water channels (rivulets) leading through the main

river water. Land holding in the district was very less. The majority of farmers come under

sub-marginal group where they possess less than one acre of cultivable area. Rice and wheat

forms the sequence of crop rotation, though maize remains predominant kharif crop in the

district. Maize, being staple food, was seen growing in rainfed as well as irrigated areas.

Some of the land remains fallow in Rabi after rice harvest. Rice crop was sown widely in the

first week of May and transplantation completed by 1st week of June. The age-old traditional

varieties of Giza and China (K-39) grown predominantly in the entire district were still found

favourite for the natives for their cooking quality and taste, besides their resistance to the

major diseases and pests. Basmati local was found grown by few farmers in small pockets for

domestic consumption only. The demand for more Basmati acreage could not be promoted

because of its low productivity of 18-22q/ha, in contrast to the high productivity of 35-45q/ha

for the high yielding varieties. Due to heavy seed mixture (20-30%), especially in some farms

in Nowshera Block of the district, an intense yield loss was imminent. Because of the high

fertile land, farmers mostly applied only the basal dose of urea along with small quantity (2-

3kg/kanal) of DAP. No potash and zinc was added in fields for the last many years due to its

non-availability and unawareness that ultimately had lead to its deficiency in the soil. In some

areas like Kote, Dalogra, Kalari, Bairoot, farmers either do not add any fertilizer or apply in

small quantity alongwith the farmyard manure. The farmers did not follow any plant

protection measures. Though, application of machete and hand-weeding was commonly used

to control the weeds, infestation of Echinochloa species stand insignificant in some fields.

The occurrence of weedy rice was almost absent in the entire district. Rice planting by the

random method was followed in all the fields with 30-35 plant density for each square meter

area. Farmers, in general, use their own paddy seed produced from the previous crop except a

few who change their seed, especially of basmati, after every 2-3 years. Since most of the

paddy crop falls near the river-side, irrigation was largely made through small rivulets

derived from rivers or through small canals in Nowshera block. The facility of other inputs

like fertilizers and pesticides were found inadequate. Post-harvest losses at the time of

harvesting were negligible for this season as the produce was harvested well before its

complete drying. But with the practise of storing the harvested crop in heaps, 2-3 per cent

yield was liable to get damaged. The drying of the harvested crop was accomplished by

bundling them in high heaps in the fields itself and exposed to sunlight till they become ready

for threshing. In this drying process, only an upper layer of the heap gets damaged due to the

weatherly changes. No disease and insect pest pressure was found in the current season

except for an insignificant and sporadic incidence of brown spot, grain discoloration, stem

borer, grass hopper and leaf folder in some fields. Lodging was also found in few areas, but

without any perceptible damage. Rice hybrid seeds were highly demanded by some farmers,

provided it is supplied only after confirming their adaptation to this high altitude sub-

temperate conditions of the district. A few farmers had demanded the storage bins and small

paddy thresher at subsidized rates. In many fields, the temporary ‘kacha’ water channels had



washed away due to heavy rains and consequently farmers demand for their reconstruction by

the government agencies.

Jammu: In Jammu, a sporadic survey was conducted in three blocks only wherein farmers

were growing basmati as a major rice crop variety followed by Sharbati and Ratna. Hybrid

rice was found rapidly replacing other varieties in recent years, especially in Marh and

Bhalwal blocks. Besides its procurement from agriculture department, many farmers brought

hybrids from the adjoining Punjab state. In previous kharif, hybrid rice gave yield ranging

from 55-80q/hectare in comparison to Basmati, Sharbati and Ratna that yielded 26-35, 38-50

and 36-42q/hectare, respectively. Good weather conditions accompanied by well distributed

rains prevailed throughout the season except a heavy downpour of rain and hailstorm at some

places on the intervening night of 21st and 22

nd of October 2010. In all the three blocks,

farmers grow wheat and barseem just after the harvest of rice. Most of them have good land

holdings, sow seed in the last week of May and then transplanting before the end of July.

Since all the three blocks have very rich and fertile soil, farmers usually avoid adding

fertilizers at nursery stage. Only a few farmers applied FYM in their farms. In main fields,

basmati growing farmers either do not put urea or apply with a very less quantity for fear of

crop attaining more height that become prone to lodging. In other varieties, urea at 5kg/kanal

in two splits was applied in field as a basal dose and after one month of transplantation.

Phosphorus in the form of DAP was applied at 5kg/kanal in most of the farms as single dose.

Potash remained elusive as in the past so many years. Machete was used consistently to

contain weeds of different sorts. However, Echinochloa and Cyperus species were the two

weeds found invariably in all the fields with low to negligible infestation. Intensity of weedy

rice, too, was found negligible in most of the fields surveyed, but at a very few places, it was

progressing alarmingly to the tune of 100-150 plants per kanal (500 sq. meter). Irrigation in

all the regions of the district surveyed was met either through the Ranbir canal network or

through their own tube wells. Only a few farmers take on plant protection measures like seed

treatment and zinc application in their fields. Damage of crop through false smut even to the

extent of 50 per cent was observed conspicuously in areas adopting the hybrids. Sharbati

growing near the hybrids was also found infected with false smut, but with low strength.

Other disease and pest pressure was found to be in the low intensity in all the blocks

surveyed. However, hailstorm on the intervening night of 21st and 22

nd of October 2010

caused a major setback in the large belt of basmati where it incurred a heavy yield loss

extending upto 80 per cent in some villages like Satraiana, Mokhyan, Chakroi, Sai Molla and

Trewa. Sharbati and other varieties also suffered yield loss, but with less extent. Stem rot was

found prominent in Sandhwan area of Marh block, while rat menace was alarmingly high in a

few villages of R.S. Pura block. Post-harvest losses found in most of the farms during

harvesting and threshing stage was to the extent of 2-3 per cent. Kukrian and nearby villages

located near the Indo-Pak border had a heavy load-shedding of electric power supply that

usually made their tube wells run improperly for irrigation purpose. Farmers thereby asked

for the maintenance of government tube wells and distribution of canal water at proper time.

Availability of fertilizers at proper time and seed of tested varieties for the region were also

required to replace them with the old varieties. Demand for hybrids was getting bigger with

many farmers but at subsidized rates.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests

District Diseases Pests

BS ShBl FS GD SB GH LF

Rajouri L L - L L L L

Jammu L-M L L-S L-M L L L



Jharkhand

District Surveyed:

Ranchi, Ramgarh, Hazaribagh, Gumla, Lohardaga and East Singhbhum


Districts Blocks Villages

Ranchi Ranchi (Sadar)

Angarha

Khijri

Kanke

Chanho

Khijurtola, Booti Basti,

Baksidih, Lalgar, Salan

Senjusoren, Ladna piri, Latardih

Boriya, Cheri

Pandri, Balsokra, Pokario

Ramgarh Dulmi

Gola

Chitrapur

Mandu

Pukridih, Kulhi,

Bariatu, Marang marcha

Chhotki pauna, Lari pansala

Mandu, Pandre mile,

Hazaribagh Hazaribagh (Sadar)

Churchu

Morangi, Hupad, Demotanr

Bahera, Fusri

Gumla Bharno Bharno Masutoli, Bharno headtoli, Kumrho, Jura

Lohardaga Bhandra

Senha

Lohardaga

Kuru

Palmi, Bhandra, Udrangi,

Barhi Gamhartoli, Sethio, Sengatu

Lohardaga, Hirni Haratoli, Kendtoli

Karak, Jima Chandu, Tali

East

Singhbhum

Bahragora

Chakulia

Ghatsila

Khamhar, Barasati, Khanti Kushmi, Dhrampura,

Lodhasuli, Kutrapara, Titiha

Kendadanga, Kalchiti, Purnapani, Pairguri

Widely prevalent rice varieties/ hybrids in Jharkhand

Districts Varieties/Hybrids

Ranchi Hybrids- Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801, PAC-832, Front line

RH-257, Suruchi-5629, 5445 and US-312 etc. HYVs - TN-1, IR-64, IR-36,

BVD-109, BVD-110, Lalat, Naveen, Mahsuri, Birsamati and Swarna etc.

Local/unreleased- Kalamdani, Neta dhan, Dhusari, Lal dhan, Charaka dhan

and Karhaini etc

Ramgarh Hybrids- Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, Suraj (Manisha seeds co.), Radha

(Shakun seeds Co.), Sonam,UAS-312, UAS-401, Champion (NPH-207),

Dhania-2316, PAC-801 and PAC-832 etc.; HYVs -IR-64, IR-36, MTU-1001,

Lalat, Sarju-52, BVD-10, Mahsuri and Sita etc; Local/unreleased- Karibaki,

Dhusari, Jonga, Doodh kandar and Sathi etc.

Hazaribagh Hybrids- Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801, PAC-832, Sonam and

KRH-2 HYVs - IR-36, IR-64, Lalat, MTU 1010, Birsa vikash Dhan-110,

Sarju-52, Mahsuri, Vandana and Abhisek etc. Local/unreleased - Dhusari,

Sagma, Doodh kandar and Sathi etc.

Gumla Hybrids- Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801, PAC-832 and KRH-2;

HYVs- IR-64, IR-36, Lalat, MTU1010 and MTU1001 etc. ocal/unreleased –

Kalamdani, Bachha dhan, Dahia, Naniha, Gotia and Brown gora etc.



Lahardaga Hybrids- PAC-801, 807, 832, Dhania-2316, 755, 777, Champion, Suraj,

Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71 and PA-6129 etc. HYVs - IR-64, Lalat,

Sita, and MTU 1010 etc. Local/unreleased - Naniha, Kalamdani, Tilasar,

Dahia, Bhojni, Bhojni, Dudhsar and Agnisar etc.

East

Singhbhum

Hybrids- Arize-6444, PA-6129 PHB-71 and KRH-2etc. ; HYVs – MTU-

7029, IR-64, Lalat,GS-1, GS-2, Gadro, Khandgiri, Bakura-1, Annada MTU

1001 and MTU 1010, Parijat, Naveen, Rajshree, BVD-110 etc.;

Local/unreleased – Lakhansal, Diptisal, Balibhojna, Kalamdani, Malti,

Burha swarna, Tilasar etc.

District wise rainfall data of Jharkhand during Kharif, 2010 Districts

June July August September

Normal Actual Normal Actual Normal Actual Normal Actual

Ranchi 187.7 84.4 362.4 188.1 310.4 158.2 300.3 225.8

Gumla 352.4 84.8 357.0 254.8 333.1 218.8 201.5 194.1

Lohardaga 137.3 137.4 305.0 168.1 294.1 142.2 212.8 149.5

East Singhbhum 247.9 92.6 316.8 135.4 281.0 97.6 191.9 174.4

Hazaribagh 194.0 116.8 301.0 133.1 299.1 189.3 220.3 130.8

Ramgarh 194.0 44.2 339.3 163.1 316.5 150.9 218.3 160.0

District wise paddy crop coverage of Jharkhand during Kharif, 2010

Districts

Rice (Acerage in 000 ha)

Target Coverage % coverage area

Ranchi 163.00 18.35 11.3

Gumla 176.00 93.79 53.3

Lohardaga 44.00 10.99 25.0

East Singhbhum 127.00 38.53 30.3

Hazaribagh 78.00 26.12 33.5

Ramgarh 29.00 10.05 34.6

Production Oriented Survey (POS) in paddy growing areas of Jharkhand was

conducted during summer-2009-10 and Kharif, 2010. Six districts (Ranchi, Ramgarh,

Hazaribagh, Gumla, Lohardaga, and East Singhbhum) covering 53 villages from 19 blocks

were surveyed. The survey was conducted during tillering / milking/ dough/ mature stages of

the crop. General climatic conditions and rainfall in all surveyed district was erratic or

below actual rainfall (Drought) with reference to paddy cultivation. Due to late monsoon

rain transplanting could not be done timely. Most of the farmers reported that the rainfall

was very erratic and low during the crop season and therefore, only about 30-35 % rice

cropped area where transplanting done and rest area became fallow. Most of the area

(about 90-95%) of the districts is monocropped (rice). Rice is mainly grown as rain fed crop

with extremely limited life saving irrigation facilities through wells, ponds, etc. Most of the

farmers were marginal to small holdings. The main source of finance was own savings or

borrowing from relatives or bank or money lenders for purchase of inputs like seeds,

fertilizers etc. In general, fertilizers and pesticides were mainly procured from private dealers.

In case of local traditional variety own seeds were used for the raising rice crop. In case of

open pollinated HYVs like IR-64, Swarna, MTU 1010, IR-36, Naveen, BVD-109, 110,



Vandana, Birsamati etc. also part of previous year’s seeds was kept for seed purpose. Some

progressive and marginal farmers procured seed from private dealers, Birsa Agricultural

University (BAU), Ranchi. and Zonal Research Station (BAU) and KVK. The main source of

irrigation was pond, well, and rivers etc. Only 8-10 per cent area of surveyed districts of

Jharkhand where irrigation facility takes place. Electricity and diesel were the main source of

power. Most of farmers in the state were either small or marginal. Very few progressive and

marginal farmers were ready to adopt new technologies and recommendations were also there

especially in Ranchi, Hazaribagh and East Singhbhum. The common needs of the farmers in

the surveyed district included creation of irrigation facility like ponds, canal and bore well,

loan from bank, electricity supply, short duration good quality of seeds, fertilizers and

pesticides at reasonable price, availability of tractor, power tiller, diesel pump, spraying

machine etc especially on hired basis and easily available of kerosene oil. The prevailing crop

rotation followed rice-fallow, rice-wheat, rice-mustard, rice-chickpea, rice-pea, rice-vegetable

(tomato/ brinjal/ pea/ cauliflower), rice–rice etc. in the state. FYM or cow dung was used in

limited quantities in nursery as well as main field of rice crop. Fertilizers were applied @ 30-

80 kg N ha-1

, 10-30 kg P2O5 ha-1

and 0-30 kg K2O ha-1

. Some farmers (about 5-6%) in the

surveyed districts used potassic fertilizer in rice crop. Most of the farmers reported that they

do not apply chemical fertilizers in traditional varieties of rice in almost all the above

surveyed districts of Jharkhand. The method of transplanting was random and average plant

population was 25-33 hills/m2.The average grain yield of traditional variety, HYVs and

Hybrid ranged from 8-1.2 q/ha, 15- 20 q/ha and 30-40 q/ha, respectively. The low grain yield

of paddy in this year was due to scanty and erratic rainfall during the crop season. The

predominant weeds were Cyperus Spp., Echinochloa Spp., Panicum Spp., Euphorbia hirta,

Celosia, Spp., Phyllanthus Spp., Cynodon dactylon, Eclipta alba, Amaranthus Spp.

Commelina Spp., Eclipta alba and Agiratum conizoides etc. in kharif season and Xanthium

stumarium, Oxalis spp. etc. in summer rice. Some farmers (About 1%) applied weedicides

like pretilachlor or top star (2,4 D) or butachlor @ 1.5 to 2.0 kg a.i./ha as a post emergence

for management of weeds. Two hand weeding was common practice of the farmers in most

of the surveyed area of the state. Rate of adoption of plant protection measures against insect

pests/diseases/weeds among farmers was limited i.e., 4 to 5% only in survey districts of

Jharkhand. Among biotic constraints, diseases like brown spot was most serious disease

particularly local tradition varieties or upland rice whereas, blast and grain discolouration

were also recorded in medium to severe intensities in HYVs and Hybrids, False smut was in

low to medium intensities in HYVs and Hybrids. IR 64 was susceptible to blast (medium to

severe intensity) in some places of Ranchi. Some farmers used fungicides like Indofil M-45

(25%) or carbendazim (0.1%) or Saaf (0.2%) or hexaconazole (0.1%) etc. for management of

above diseases, when disease become severe. The most common insect pests were stem

borer, case worm, Gundhi bug, BPH, gall midge and leaf folder etc. were recorded in

low/medium/severe intensity in surveyed districts of Jharkhand. Some farmers used

insecticides like choloropyriphos (2 ml/lit of water), monocrotophos (1 ml/lit.), Rogor (1

ml/lit.), cypermethrin (2 ml/lit.), trizophos (2 ml/lit) phorate 10G (5-6 kg/ha) or carbofuran

3G (10-15 kg/ha) for management of above pests. Some farmers reported that putting of

Sindwar (Vitex negundo) leaves/twig or Karma or Velwa twig in the main field of rice at

panicle initiation stage helps to check the attack of insect pests. They also reported that

putting of maize cob near the main field of rice crop also helps to check the attack of insect

pests in paddy. The farmers also reported damage by rats in rice both in the filed as well as in

the store houses to the extent of up to 2- 3 per cent in the surveyed districts of Jharkhand.



Ranchi: Thirteen villages of five blocks viz. Ranchi (Sadar), Angarha, Khijri, Kanke and

Chanho covered for production oriented survey (POS) during summer and kharif, 2010-11

when the rice crop was either tillering/ milking/dough/mature stages. The general climatic

condition is not favourable (drought) with reference to rice cultivation. As the farmers

reported that the monsoon rain came late in this year and due to this rice is grown in about

20-25% of the rice cutivated area only in the district. Transplanting was done up to first week

of September. The predominant hybrids like Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801,

PAC-832, Front line RH-257, Suruchi-5629, 5445 and US-312 etc. HYVs like IR-64, IR-36,

BVD-109, BVD-110, Lalat, Naveen, Birsamati and Swarna etc. and Local traditional variety

like Kalamdani, Neta dhan, Dhusari, Lal dhan, Charaka dhan and Karhaini etc were grown

during kharif whereas, in summer season the predominant varieties like TN-1, IR-64, IR-36,

BVD-110 in the district were in the region. The prevailing crop rotation in the region was

rice-fallow, rice-gram, rice-vegetable (potato/pea/ tomato/brinjal) rice-mustard, rice-rice,

rice-wheat. Most of the area (about 90%) were monocropped (rice). Rice is mainly grown as

rain fed crop with extremely limited life saving irrigation facilities through wells, ponds, etc.

Most of the farmers were marginal to small. However, some progressive farmers,

concentrated on vegetable cultivation for supply to the city markets in the state or adjoining

states. The source of finance were own savings, borrowing from relatives or money lenders or

bank etc. In general, farmers procured seeds from Birsa Agricultural University or private

dealers. Some farmers used own seeds for raising the crop. Fertilizers, pesticides and farm

implements were obtained from local traders. Due to erratic and scanty rainfall transplanting

was done up to first week of September in the region. The method of transplanting was

random and average plant population was 25-30 hills/m2. The low grain yield of paddy in this

year was due to scanty and erratic rainfall during the crop season. The farmers applied FYM

in the nursery as well as in the main field at the time of land preparation. The farmer applied

fertilizers ranged from 50-80 kg N, 10-30 kg P2O5 and 0-10 kg K2O per hectare. Most of the

farmers do not apply potassic fertilizers at all in their rice field. The grain yield of rice ranged

from 15-20 q/ha, 35-45 q/ha and 8-10 q/ha for HYV, hybrids and local varieties, respectively.

The common needs of the farmers in the district included creation of irrigation facility like

ponds, canals and bore wells and short duration good quality of paddy seeds etc. The

predominant weed species were Cyperus Spp., Echinochloa Spp., Panicum Spp., Euphorbia

hirta, Celosia, Spp., Phyllanthus Spp., Cynolan dactylonand, Eclipta alba Amaranthus Spp.

etc. Only few progressive farmers applied weedicide like pretilachlor or butachlor 1.5 to 2.0

kg a.i./ha within five days of transplanting. Two hand weeding is common practice for

management of weeds in the district. Most of the biotic constraints like blast, and grain

discolouration were recorded in medium to high or severe intensities. brown spot, BLB, false

smut, sheath blight and sheath rot in low-medium intensity. IR 64 was susceptible to blast

(medium to severe intensity) in some places of the region. Some progressive or marginal

farmers sprayed Indofil M-45 (0.25%) or Sitara (0.1%) or carbendazim (0.1%) for

management of above diseases. The most common insect pests (stem borer, Gundhi bug, case

worm, gall midge, leaf folder, and termite) were recorded. The attack of case worm, Gundhi

bug and termite was recorded in medium incidence and rest pests like stem borer, gall midge

and leaf folder, were in low to medium incidence were recorded. Spraying of monocrotophos

(1ml/liter of water) or chloropyriphos (2ml/liter of water) or Kung Fu (2 ml/lit of water) was

also undertaken especially for the management of cash worm stem borer and Gundhi bug.

Root knot nematode was also recorded in medium incidence in nursery as well as main field

of rice. Some marginal farmers applied Phorate 10G or carbofuran 3G for the management of

root knot nematode. However, the rate of adoption of plant protection measures against

diseases/pests/weeds among farmers was limited to 3 to 5 per cent only. The respondent



farmers reported 5-8 % post harvest losses during different stages. The farmers also reported

damage by rats both in the filed as well as in the store houses to the extent of up to 2-3 per

cent.

Ramgarh: POS was conducted in ten villages of Dulmi, Gola, Chitrapur and Mandu blocks

of Ramgarh district when the crop was in dough or mature stage. Most of the farmers were

marginal to small. Rice was mainly taken as rainfed crop under limited irrigation facility. In

general climatic conditions were not favourable for the crop during the year (Drought). The

predominant hybrids were Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, Suraj (Manisha seeds co.), Radha

(Shakun seeds Co.), Sonam (Ankur seeds Co.), UAS-312, UAS-401, Champion (NPH-207),

Dhania-2316, PAC-801 and PAC-832 etc, HYVs like IR-64, IR-36, MTU-1001, Lalat, Sarju-

52, BVD-10, Mahsuri and Sita etc. There was a rapid increase in the percentage of area under

hybrids and shrinkage of area under open pollinated HYV as compared to the previous crop

season. High yield potential and better performance under water limited situation was the

reasons given for adoption of rice hybrids by the farmers. Especially the poor farmers

cultivated local varieties like Karibaki, Dhusari, Jonga, Doodh kandar and Sathi etc (2 to 3%

of the paddy area). The prevailing crop rotation in the district was rice-fallow, rice-gram,

rice-wheat, rice-vegetable. The source of irrigation was well and local river. Only 5-6 % of

kharif cropped area in the district where irrigation takes place in rabi crops. The source of

finance were own savings, borrowing from money lenders/bank etc. Farm machineries

including tractor, water pumps etc. were available on hire. Transplanting of paddy in this year

was very late due to late coming of monsoon rain. The method of transplanting was random

and average plant population was 25-33 hllls/m-1

. The common needs of the farmers in the

district included creation of irrigation facility like ponds, canal and well etc. and short

duration good quality of paddy seeds. Most of the farmers reported that the rainfall was

very erratic and low in this year and therefore, only about 35 % rice cropped area

where transplanting done and rest area become fallow. They also reported that the

average grain yield ranged from 15-20 q/ha for HYV, 30-45 q/ha for hybrids and 8-10 q/ha

for local varieties of rice. The low grain yield of paddy was due to scanty and erratic rainfall

during the crop season. FYM was applied by the farmers in the nursery as well as in the main

field at the time of land preparation in limited amount. The farmers applied fertilizers 40-80

kg N, 10-30 kg P2O5 and 0-20 kg K2O per ha. The common weeds were Cyperus spp.,

Echinochloa Spp. Celosia spp. Euphorbia hirta, Eclipta alba, Amaranthus Spp. Commelina

Spp., and Cynodon dactylon etc. only few farmers (about1%) applied weedicide like Top star

(2,4-D) or Butachlor 1.5 lit/ha as a post emergence weedicide. Majority of farmers followed

two hand weeding for management of weeds. Farmers also used their bullocks for threshing

of paddy is common practice in the region. In general, small and marginal farmers used the

tar road/ high way for drying their harvest of grains. Non availability of kerosene oil was

complained by majority of farmers. Among biotic constraints, diseases like blast and grain

discolouration were recorded in medium to high intensities, low to medium of brown spot

and low intensities of BLB. Most of the farmers also reported that false smut comes during

dough stage in medium intensity, particular in hybrid rice. Some farmers sprayed Indofil M-

45 (0.25%) or Streptomycin sulphate + Tetracycline hydrochloride (Krosin G) for

management of above diseases. Among the insect pests, stem borer, Gundhi bug, and termite

were general insect pest having low to medium incidence and low incidence of gall midge

and leaf folder. Some farmers applied endosulphan (2 ml/liter of water) or phorate 10G (4-5

kg ha-1

) carbofuran- 3G (15-20 kg ha-1

) or alpha methrin (Gem) @ 2 ml/lit of water for

management of above insect pest. Some farmers reported that putting of maize cob near the

main field of rice crop also helps to check the attack of insect pests. Putting of Sindwar (Vitex



niesgundu) leaves/twig or Karma twig in the main field of rice at panicle initiation stage also

helps to check the attack of insect pests. The farmers reported damage by rats both in the filed

as well as in the store houses to the extent of up to 2- 3 per cent.

Hazaribagh: POS was conducted in five villages (Morangi, Hupad, Demotanr, Bahera and

Fusri) villages of Hazaribagh sadar and Churchu blocks of Hazaribagh district when the crop

was either in dough or mature stage. Most of the farmers were marginal to small. In general

climatic conditions were not favorable for the crop during the year. The hybrids were Arize-

6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801, PAC-832, Sonam and KRH-2, HYVs - IR-36, IR-64,

Lalat, MTU 1010, Birsa Vikash Dhan-110, Sarju-52, Mahsuri, Vandana and Abhisek etc.

Some poor farmers cultivated local varieties like Dhusari, Sagma, Doodh kandar and Sathi

etc (1-to 2% of the rice cropped area). Rice was mainly grown as rainfed crop under limited

irrigation facility. The prevailing crop rotation in the district was rice fallow, rice-wheat, rice-

vegetable. Well, pond and local river were the common source of irrigation. Only 8-9 % of

kharif cropped area in the district where irrigation takes place in rabi crops. The source of

finance were own savings, borrowing from money lenders/bank etc. The method of

transplanting was random and average plant population was 28-35 hllls/m-1

. The common

needs of the farmers in the district included creation of irrigation facility like ponds, canal

and well etc., loan from bank and electricity supply. The average grain yield ranged from 15-

20 q/ha for HYV, 35-40 q/ha for hybrids and 8-12 q/ha for local varieties of rice. Due to

scanty and erratic rainfall during the crop season was the main reason for getting poor grain

yield of paddy. Most of the farmers also reported that the rainfall was very erratic and

low in this year and therefore, only 40 % rice cropped area where transplanting done

and rest area became fallow. FYM was applied by the farmers in the nursery as well as in

the main field at the time of land preparation. The farmers applied fertilizers 40-80 kg N, 10-

30 kg P2O5 and 10-20 kg K2O per ha. The common weeds were Cyperus spp., Echinochloa

Spp. Celosia spp. Euphorbia hirta Cynodon dactylon, Commelina Spp. and Eclipta alba etc.

only few farmers (about-0.5%) applied weedicide like Butachlor 1.5 lit/ha as a post

emergence weedicide. Majority of farmers followed two hand weeding for management of

weeds. Among biotic constraints, diseases like blast was recorded in medium to high

intensities, low to medium of brown spot and low intensities of BLB and grain

discolouration. Some farmers also reported that false smut comes during dough stage in

medium intensity, particular in hybrid rice. Some farmers sprayed Indofil M-45 (0.25%) or

Streptomycin sulphate + Tetracycline hydrochloride (Krosin G) for management of above

diseases. Among the insect pests, stem borer, Gundhi bug, gall midge, leaf folder and termite

were general insect pest having low to medium incidence and medium incidence of case

worm. Some farmers applied endosulphan (2 ml/liter of water) or Phorate 10G (4-5 kg ha-1

)

carbofuran- 3G (15-20 kg ha-1

), Alpha methrin (Gem) @ 2 ml/lit of water or Ekalux @ 1

ml/lit of water for management of above insect pests. The farmers reported damage by rats

both in the field as well as in the store houses to the extent of up to 2- 3 per cent.

Gumla: The survey was conducted in four villages (Bharno Masutoli, Bharno headtoli,

Kumrho, Jura) of Bharno block of Gumla district when the crop was either in dough or

mature stage. Most of the farmers were marginal to small. The Hybrids (Arize-6444, Arize

Tej, PHB-71, PAC-801, PAC-832 and KRH-2) were widely cultivated by farmers (about 45-

50%) in above area. The HYV (IR-64, IR-36, Lalat, MTU 1010 and MTU 1001 etc.) were

also popular among the farmers (about 50%) in the region. Some poor farmers cultivated

local varieties like Kalamdani, Bachha dhan, Dahia, Naniha, Gotia and Brown gora etc. (2 to



3% of the area). The prevailing crop rotation in the district was rice fallow, rice-wheat, rice-

mustard, rice-pea, rice-vegetable. The average grain yield ranged from 15-20 q/ha for HYV,

30-35 q/ha. for hybrids and 6-8 q/ha for local varieties of rice. Majority of the farmers

reported that poor rainfall during the milking stage of the crop was the main reason for poor

setting of paddy grain in this year. They also reported that the rainfall was erratic and

scanty and therefore, about 50-60% rice cropped area where transplanting/direct

seeding done and rest area become fallow. The transplanting was random and the average

plat population was 28-32 hills/m2. FYM was applied by the farmers in the nursery as well as

in the main field at the time of land preparation in limited amount. The farmers applied

fertilizers 30-80 kg N, 10-30 kg P2O5 and 0-20 kg K2O per ha. The common weeds were

Cyperus spp., Echinochloa Spp. Panicum spp., Euphobia hirta, Parthenium Spp.,

Dactyloctenium aegypticum, Cynodon dactylon etc. None of the farmers applied weedicide in

paddy fields. All farmers followed two hand weeding for management of weeds in the region.

Farmers used their bullocks for threshing of paddy is common practice in the region. In

general, farmers used the tar road/ high way for drying their harvested grains. Among

diseases, brown spot, grain discolouration and blast were recorded in medium intensities and

low intensities of BLB. Some farmers applied Indofil M-45 (0.25%) or carbendazim (0.1%)

for management of above diseases. Some farmers also reported that false smut comes during

dough stage in medium intensity, particular in hybrid rice which could not be controlled by

any fungicide. Among the insect pests, stem borer, Gundhi bug were common pests in the

region were observed in high incidence. Gall midge, case worm, leaf folder termite and rat in

low to medium incidence.Some farmers applied Rogor (1 ml/liter of water) or Phorate 10G

(4-5 kg ha-1

) or carbofuran- 3G (15-20 kg ha-1

) or Ekalux @ 1 ml/lit of water for

management of above insect pests. The farmers reported 5-8 % post harvest losses during

different stages.

Lohardaga: The survey was conducted in twelve villages of Bhandra, Senha, Lohardaga

and Kuru blocks of the Lohardaga district when the crop was dough o mature stages. Rice

was mainly grown as a rainfed crop under water limited condition. However, the monsoon

came in the district very late. Due to this only about 50-60 area were transplanted with paddy

and rest land became fallow. Most of the farmers were marginal to small holdings. The

predominant hybrids were PAC-801, 807, 832, Dhania-2316, 755, 777, Champion, Suraj,

Arize-6444, Arize Tej, PHB-71 and PA-6129 etc. HYVs - IR-64, Lalat, Sita, and MTU 1010

etc., Local variety- Naniha, Kalamdani, Tilasar, Dahia, Bhojni, Bhojni, Dudhsar and Agnisar

etc. in the region. The prevailing crop rotation in the district was rice-fallow, rice-wheat, rice-

mustard, rice-pea, rice-potato, rice-vegetable. The farmers made use of either own income or

borrowed from money lenders/relatives/bank for purchase of procurement of inputs. Seeds

were obtained from local traders/ Birsa Agricultural University. Fertilizers, pesticides and

farm equipments etc were obtained from local traders. The common needs of farmers in the

district included creation of irrigation facilities like bore wells, pond, canal etc., diesel pump

set, and other farm implements on hire, quality hybrid/HYV seeds at reasonable prices.

Majority of farmers reported that drying and storage facilities are not available. In general,

small and marginal farmers used their bullocks for threshing of paddy is common practice in

the region. They used the tar road/ high way for drying their harvest of grains. Non

availability of kerosene oil was complained by majority of farmers. The average rice yield

ranged from 8-10 q/ha for local varieties, 12-20 q/ha for HYV and 30-45 q/ha for hybrid rice.

Some farmers reported that due to poor rainfall at milking and booting stage of the crop was

the main reason for poor setting of paddy grains. The application of manure (FYM) given by

the farmers as per his availability at the time of land preparation, whereas, the fertilizers



NPK:: 50-70: 20-30: 0-20 kg/ha for HYV and 100:40:20 kg/ha for rice hybrids and 30:10:0

kg/ha for local varieties. The common weeds were Cyperus spp., Echinochloa Spp. Panicum

spp., Euphobia hirta and Parthenium Spp., Cynodon dactylon etc. Some progressive farmers

used weedicides like Butachlor/ Top star @ 1.5 a.i. kg/ha to control weeds like Cyperus spp.,

Echinochloa spp. Ageratum conyzoides etc. In general, two hand weeding is common

practice of farmers in the region for management of weeds. Among the diseases, brown spot

and blast were recorded in Low to medium intensities. Some farmers also reported that grain

discolouration and false smut disease also come in field in medium to high or severe

incidence. Some progressive farmers used fungicides like mancozeb (2.5 kg/ha),

hexaconazole (0.1%) etc. for management of above disease. The insecticides like

moncroptophos, cypermethrin, Trizophos (2 ml/lit) phorate 10G (5-6 kg/ha) were applied to

reduce the damage by leaf folder (low incidence), stem borer (medium incidence), case worm

(medium to severe incidence), etc. Some farmers used Sindwar leaves or Velwa or karma

twig in paddy to reduce the damage by Gundhi bug (medium incidence) and insect pests.

East Singhbhum: The survey was conducted in eleven villages of Baharagora, Chakulia

and Ghatsila blocks of the district when the crop was in either milking or mature stage. It is

grown mainly as a rain fed crop with extremely limited life saving irrigation through canal,

bore wells and ponds etc. The climatic conditions with reference to the rice crop were not

favourable because the rainfall was erratic and monsoon rain came very late and therefore,

only about 30-40 per cent area where transplanting of rice was done. The predominant

Hybrids viz., Arize-6444, PA-6129 PHB-71 and KRH-2 etc. were grown in about 5-8% of the

area. Only 70-85 per cent area of rice was devoted to different rice HYVs (MTU-7029, IR-

64, Lalat, MTU 1001 and MTU 1010, Naveen, Rajshree, BVD-110 etc.in kharif and Parijat,

Lalat, Naveen, IR 64, GS-1, GS-2, Gadro, Khandgiri, Bakura-1, Annada in summer paddy).

About 10-15% area under local rice varieties Viz; Lakhansal, Diptisal, Balibhojna,

Kalamdani, Nura, Burha swarna, Tilasar etc. The prevailing crop rotation in the district was

rice-fallow, rice-rice, rice-rice-rice, rice-vegetable, (tomato/brinjal/ potato/pea), rice-gram,

and rice-rice etc. Most of the farmers were either small or marginal. However, there were

some progressive or marginal farmers also who mainly concentrated on vegetable cultivation

for supply to the town/city. The farmers procured seeds from local private dealers, Zonal

Research Station, Krishi Vigyan Kendra and blocks. Some farmers used own seeds for

raising the crop. The average grain yield ranged from 35-40 q/ha for hybrid rice, 15 to 20

q/ha for HYV and 8 to 10 q/ha for local varieties of rice. The farmers applied FYM in the

nursery as well as in the main field at the time of land preparation as per his availability.

Most of the farmers reported that poor rainfall during the kharif season was the main reason

for poor setting of paddy grain. They also reported that the rainfall was erratic and scanty and

therefore, about 30-40% rice cropped area where transplanting done and rest area became

fallow.. Some farmers also reported that poor rainfall in kharif in this area will also be

hampered summer rice cultivation. The transplanting was random and the average plant

population was 26- 35 hills/m2. The farmers applied fertilizers ranged from 30-80 kg N, 10-

30 kg P2O5 and 0-20 kg K2O per hectare. The common needs of the farmers in the region

were creation of irrigation facility like bore wells, canals, dam, available of good quality of

short duration variety of paddy seeds and supply electricity particularly in summer rice

cultivation. The common weeds were Echinochloa spp, Eleucine indica, Cyperus spp,

Commelina Spp., Eclipta alba, Cynodon dactylon etc., kharif and Xanthium stumarium,

Oxalis spp.etc. in summer season. None of the farmers applied weedicide for management of

weeds in the region. Two hand weeding is common practice i.e., 20-25 an 45-50 DAT for

management of weeds. Among biotic constraints, diseases like brown spot, blast and grain



discolouration were recorded medium to severe intensities, Low intensities of false smut,

BLB, Sheath blight, sheath rot were also recorded. Brown spot was the major disease in local

and some improved variety of rice and blast and grain discolouration was the major disease in

HYV and hybrid rice. Some progressive and marginal farmers sprayed Kasu-B (2 ml/lit.),

Saaf (0.2%) or Indofil M-45 (0.25%) for management of above iseases. Some farmers also

used neem cake plus FYM (25% N source instead of required nitrogenous fertilizers) for

management if rice diseases. Among the insect pests, stem borer, case worm, Gundhi bug,

leaf folders and BPH were recorded. The attack of stem borer, case worm was recorded from

medium to severe intensities. whereas, Gundhi bug,Termite and leaf folder were recorded in

low to medium intensities and gall midge BPH and rat in low intensities. Some farmers

applied Thimet or Furadon(12-15 kg/ha) or Rogor (1.5 ml./lit)or Metacid (1.0 to 1.5 ml./lit)

for management of above insect pests. Some farmers put Velwa twig or Podhasi leaf in main

field of rice before flowering stage for management of above insect pests. Some farmers also

reported damage by rats both in the fields as well as in the store houses to the extent of 1-2

per cent. No control measures regarding rat management is common practice is the region in

the region However, the rate of adoption of plant protection measures against

diseases/pests/weeds among farmers was limited to 2-5 per cent only. The respondent farmers

also reported 5-10 per cent post harvest losses during different stages. The farmers reported

about 5 per cent post harvest losses during different stages of the crop.

Prevalence of diseases and pests of rice in Jharkhand (2010)

Districts Diseases

BS BL GD FS BLB ShB ShR

Ranchi L-M M-S M-S L L-M L-M L-M

Ramgarh M M-S M-S M - - -

Hazaribagh M M-S L - L - -

Gumla M M M M L - -

Lohardaga L-M L-M M-S M-S - - -

East

Singhbhum

M-S M-S M-S L L L L

L- Low incidence (0-5%); M- Medium incidence (6-20%); S-Severe /High incidence (>20 %)


SB CW LF GB GM Term BPH Rat

Ranchi L-M L L-M M L-M M - L

Ramgarh L-M - L L-M L L-M - L

Hazaribagh L-M M L-M L-M L-M L-M - -

Gumla S L-M L-M S L-M L-M - L-M

Lohardaga M M-S L M - - - -

East

Singhbhum

M-S M-S M M L M L L

L-Low incidence (0-5%); M-Medium incidence(6-20%); S-Severe /High incidence (>20 %)



Karnataka

Districts surveyed:

Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga, Mysore, Chickkamagalur, Dharwad, Tumkur, Hassan,

Chamrajnagar, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi


Districts Taluks

Mandya Mandya, K.R.Pet, Malavalli, Maddur, Srirangapatna Hassan Channarayapatna, Hassan, Sakaleshwar, Arkalgud, Halebeedu

Holenarsipura

Shimoga Shimoga, Shikaripura and Bhadravathi

Mysore Nanjangud, T.Narsipura and Mysore

Chickkamagalur Mudigere, Chickkamagalur and Tarikere

Dharwad Mundgod and Dharwad

Tumkur Kunigal, Turverekere and Tumkur

Hassan Channarayapatna, Hassan, Sakaleshwar, Arkalgud, Halebeedu

Holenarsipura

Chamrajnagar Chamrajnagar, Kollegala, Arkalgud

Dakshina Kannada Mangalore,

Udupi Udupi, Kundapura


Mandya BR-2655, Thanu, Jaya, MTU-1001, MTU1010, IR-30864, KRH-2,

Airze, IR-64

Hassan IR-64, Thanu, IR 3864, IET-7191, Intan Cross, JGL 1798, Jyothi,

BR-2655, Tunga, Rajamudi and Ratnachoodi

Shimoga MTU 1001, IR 64, JGL-1798, Tunga, Intan, BR-2655, Jyothi and

Thanu. Local varieties: Jeerige sanna and Rathna Choodi

Mysore Jyothi, BR 2655, Thrupti, JGL-1798, IR 64, Ankur Sonum, BPT-

5204, KMP-105, MTU-1001, MTU1010 and KCP-1

Chickkamagalur KHP-2, Thunga, Intan, BR 2655 and local varieties like puttabatha

Dharwad Jaya, MTU-1001, IET-7191, Abhilash, Intan, Doddige

Tumkur IR 64, Jaya, BR-2655, Thanu, MTU 1001, Tellahamsa and Arize

Chamrajnagar Jyothi, IR 64, Jaya, JGL 1798, Ankur Sonum, MTU-1001, MTU1010

Dakshina Kannada MO4, Jyothi, Jaya, phalguna, Kaje jaya

Udupi MO4



Particulars of rice area during Kharif season of 2010-11

District Irrigated (ha) Rainfed (ha) Total (ha)

Mandya 61033 145 61178

Hassan 42075 4450 46525 Shimoga 66985 39680 106665

Mysore 107125 0 63995

Chickkamagalur 8850 31197 40047

Dharwad 7905 19048 26953

Tumkur 19970 560 20530 Chamrajnagar 16655 0 16655

Dakshina Kannada 0 32437 32437

Udupi 0 48492 48492 Source: weekly/monthly area coverage reports from district JDAs

Plate 1: Spatial distribution of rice production problems studied during Production

oriented survey



Geo-reference of Production oriented survey Way

Point No.

Lat-Long Altitu

de

Place Problem

20 N13 00 39.7 E74

50 35.5

3 m Suratkal Blast (2-3% incidence), False smut 1 (1% incidence)

21 N13 00 40.5 E74

50 35.1

3 m Suratkal Loss due to Heavy rainfall and labour shortage

22 N13 00 34.0 E74

50 41.6


23 N13 01 37.8 E74

50 28.7


24 N13 01 40.4 E74

50 27.6

9 m Tekkota, Brahamavar Crop damage due to Weed (Salvia molesta)

25 N13 33 06.7 E74

42 31.0

4 m Tekkota, Brahamavar Crop damage due to Weed (Salvia molesta)

26 N13 33 04.3 E74

42 26.0

-3 m Tekkota, Brahamavar Crop damage due to Weed (Salvia molesta)

27 N13 33 04.1 E74

42 24.1

-3 m Bengremavanahalli (V),

Honnavar

False smut in Palguna variety (35 % incidence)

28 N13 51 56.8 E74

37 21.6

-14 m Honnavar

29 N14 02 34.8 E74

31 08.3

-2 m Honnavar

30 N14 50 55.9 E75

02 13.9

552 m Mundagod Sheath blight (10%), BPH (5-7 BPH/hill) & Narrow

brown spot

31 N15 00 22.9 E75

03 23.7

564 m Bachanak (V),

Mundagod (Tq)

Yellowing – Nitrogen and Potash deficiency

32 N15 26 05.0 E74

54 43.9

645 m Mugad station Weedy rice (< 1%)

33 N15 25 45.0 E74

53 55.1

662 m Mugad village False smut (5-8%), Blast (5%) & sheath rot (10%),

weedy rice (1-2%)

34 N12 33 21.9 E76

51 13.1

663 m Hollalu (V), Mandya

(Tq)

Mechanical transplanting

35 N12 32 48.9 E76

58 23.0

659 m Kattedoddi Mechanical transplanting

36 N12 29 43.4 E76

59 06.6

623 m Maderahalli, Madur

37 N12 29 05.6 E77

00 19.1

637 m Maderahalli, Madur

38 N12 27 01.3 E77

02 09.1

647 m Manigere, Mallavahalli Blast (5%), Leaf folder (5%), Narrow brown spot

(2%)

39 N12 21 58.5 E76

59 51.6

651 m ChinapilleKoppallu,

Mallavahalli

Blast (25 -35%)

40 N12 21 47.1 E76

59 39.3

658 m ChinapilleKoppallu,

Mallavahalli

Blast (6-8%), Sheath blight (10%) var. Akursonam

41 N12 21 48.5 E76

59 30.7

669 m Mallavahalli Blast (40%) in IR 64 and MTU-1001, Sheath Blight

(15%) var. IR 64

42 N12 28 26.5 E77

04 56.6

632 m Madenahalli, Madur Weedy rice- Pink owns (1%)

43 N13 06 22.2 E75

39 01.5

914 m Mudigere Udbatta in BR-2655 (15 - 20 % incidence), Leaf

scald & weedy rice (1%)

44 N13 09 47.8 E75

40 39.4

955 m Kademadkal, Mudigere Leaf scald (10%)

45 N13 54 24.5 E75

37 27.6

565 m Malavagoppa, Shimoga Blast (2-5%), Udbatta (5%) & Sheath Blight (5%)

46 N14 21 10.8 E75

12 38.7

610 m Arekoppa, Shikaripura,

Shimoga

Red Wire worm (50/hill), Sheath Blight (10%) &

Weedy rice (1%)

47 N14 20 10.8 E75

15 39.8

612 m Arekoppa, Shikaripura,

Shimoga

Sheath blight (5-10%)

48 N14 20 15.0 E75

22 25.8

572 m Nimmegundi, Shimoga Sheath blight (5%)



In Karnataka Production Oriented survey was conducted during kharif 2010 by

multidisciplinary team consisting of Pathologist, Breeder, Agronomist and Soil Scientist in

nine districts viz., Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga, Mysore, Chikkamagalur, Dharwad, Tumkur,

Dakshina Kannada and Udupi. The spatial distribution and geo-reference is presented in

Plate-1 and Table-4. The crops were at heading to maturity stage at the time of survey. The

rainfall was normal and the climatic conditions were favourable for rice cultivation. In

general, the rice in these districts were grown under irrigated condition. Canals were the main

source of irrigation. The major cropping practices in the region were rice-rice, rice-pulses,

rice-vegetables, rice-ragi, rice-sugarcane, rice-maize etc., The main varieties grown in these

regions were BR-2655, Jaya, Thanu, MTU-1001, MTU-1010, IR-64, IR-30864, Jyothi etc., .

The weed infestation was medium to low and the common weeds were Echinochloa colona,

E. crusgalli, Cyprus sp., Marsilia quadrifolia etc.,. Zinc difficiency was commonly observed

in all the districts. Among biotic constraints blast, neck blast, sheath blight, sheath rot,

udbatta (first time observed in BR-2655), false smut incidence in hybrids and improved

varieties like Palguna, stem borer, leaf folder and hispa were observed in moderate intensity.

The Seed replacement rate achieved during 2010-11 is around 40 % in the state which is

comparably with other crops. More emphasis is given for mechanization to overcome the

agriculture labour crisis. Mechanical transplanter is gaining popularity and attained an area

upto 1 lakh ha. and combined harvesters are being used in larger area.

Mandya: During kharif 2010 the area under paddy cultivation in Mandya was 61178 ha. The

climatic conditions were normal with reference to rice crop. The survey was conducted

during tillering to dough stage of the crop. Rice followed by rice or sugarcane/pulses are the

crop rotation practices followed in this district. BR-2655, Thanu, Jaya, MTU-1001,

MTU1010, IR-30864, KRH-2, Airze, IR-64 were the commonly grown varieties. Sowings

started from June 1st week and extended upto August 1

st week due to delay in release of canal

water. Normal seed rate @ 25 kg/ac was used by majority farmers. Fertilizer like 20:20:0:13,

10:26:26, 17:17:17, Urea, MoP, DAP etc., are the commonly used which ranged from

ranging from 110 to 200 kg N/ha, 52.5 to 72.5 kg P2O5/ha and 50 to 137.5 Kg of K/ha.

Random transplanting method was practiced in all the fields with planting density ranging

from 20- 40/m2. Weed management was poorly practiced. Echinochloa sp., Cyprus sp.,

Marsilia sp., Eclipta sp., Ludwigia sp., were the predominant weeds with low to moderate

intensity. Availability of inputs like equipment, seeds, water, power, fertilizers, pesticides and

storage facility were adequate, except for drying facility which was major constraint in all the

places. Zinc deficiency was observed in most of the places and corrective measures were

followed by applying ZnSo4. Among diseases blast, sheath blight and sheath rot was

observed with moderate intensity. However, blast was serious in few villages of Mallavahalli

Tq. with severity upto 35% which was attributed to delay planting, mono-cropping, growing

susceptible variety (IR 64) in larger area and excess use of Nitrogen fertilizer. Hispa was

major problem in Srirangapatna Tq. where incidence was > 30% in 200 acre area. Thrips

damage was noticed in Mandya taluq with damage upto 25% in all the varieties when the

temperature during September was high. Other pests like stem borer and leaf folder was

common in all the rice fields at low intensity.

Plant protection activities adopted by the farmers were not enough to control weeds,

pests and diseases where only 1 to 2 rounds of pesticide applications is being followed.

Chloropyriphos and monocrotophos was used for control of leaf folder, hispa, stem borer and

thrips, while carbendazim was used for control of diseases. Some farmers also used kitazin

and tricyclazole for controlling blast with little control All the farmers expressed the



threshing losses were high as they didn’t had proper machinery and the combined harvester is

helping to reduce the losses.

Hassan: The survey was conducted in Channarayapatna, Hassan, Sakaleshwar, Arkalgud,

Halebeedu Holenarsipura and Belur taluks. The total area under paddy was 46525 ha. of

which 5-10 % comes under rainfed area under direct seeding in parts of Belur and Halebeedu.

The major varieties grown this district are IR-64, Thanu, IR 3864, IET-7191, KHP-2 (Intan

Cross), JGL 1798, Jyothi, BR-2655, and Tunga. In Holenarsipura taluk, local varieities like

Rajamudi and Ratnachudi were predominant. Complex fertilizers were the major source of

nutrients applied by farmers. Fertilizer application ranged from 80-120 kg N/ha., 50-60 kg P

/ha., and 40-50 kg K /ha.. Planting density in this district ranged from 30 to 35 hill m2.

Commonly observed weeds were Echinochloa (5%), Cyprus sp, .Commelina sp., Monochoria

sp., Ludwigia sp. Among pest and diseases blast was observed with high intensity in

Sakaleshwar taluk and case worm was observed in Belur taluk. Sheath blight was observed in

few places of Hassan and Alur. Pesticides viz., carbendazim, tricyclazole, Kitazin were used

to control blast disease and chlorphyriphos and monocrotophos were used to manage leaf

folder and other insect pests.

Shimoga: Shimoga district was visited on 28th and 29th October 2010, by multidisciplinary

team consisting of Breeder, Agronomist and Pathologist. Shimoga district is one of the

important rice growing districts in the state. It is distributed in two major agroclimatic zones

of the state Viz., Zone-7, Southern transitional zone (Shimoga, Shikaripura and Bhadravathi

taluks) and Zone-9, Hilly Zone (Sagara, Soraba, Hosanagara and Thirthahalli taluks).

Annually rice is cultivated in 1.00 lakh ha. Nursery establishment and transplanting is the

main practice in Zone -7 while, direct seeding is major system of rice production in Zone-9.

During Kharif 2010, Paddy was grown in an area of 1, 07,763 ha, of which more than 80%

(86,210 ha) was under irrigation. Bhadra command was the source of irrigation. High

yielding varieties cover more 90% the varieties grown in the district of which MTU 1001, IR

64, JGL-1798, Tunga, Intan, BR-2655, Jyothi and Thanu are the leading varieties. Among

the local Jeerige sanna and Rathna Choodi were seen in hilly tracts of the zone. The crop

establishment and stand was good till the panicle emergence stage. However, the rainfall

during October coinciding with flowering and grain filling has affected the seed setting

resulting in grain discoloration and increased chaffyness. This was mainly noticed in MTU

1001 and Tunga. Sheath blight and neck blast incidences were also noticed in Jyothi and

JGL-1798. Non-availability of labourers at the time of planting and harvesting was the main

limiting factor in this region. Farmers demand varieties still better than the existing varieties

and good agro-techniques to harvest more yield. Mechanization is also highly demanded

especially for transplanting.

Mysore: Survey was conducted in three taluks during the heading to dough stage of the crop.

The popular varieties grown in this districts were Jyothi, BR 2655, Thrupti, JGL-1798, IR 64,

Ankur sonum, BPT-5204, KMP-105, MTU-1001, MTU-1010 and KCP-1. The sowings were

taken from June 1st week to end of July. Most of the farmers used normal seed rate upto

25kg/ac sown with germinated seeds. Few farmers applied organic manure like FYM in

nursery and main field. Fertilizer application in nursery was not uniform (5-20kg of complex

fertilizer). Most of the farmers in this district used complex fertilizers viz., 20:20:0:13,

17:17:17, 10:26:26, 19:19:19 with this urea was used for top dressing. Fertilizer application

ranged from 70-120 kg N/ha, 45-60 kg P2O5 and 40-80 kg K/ha. Random method of

transplanting was followed by all the farmers with planting density ranging from 30 to 45/m2.



The weed infestation like Echinochloa sp., Cyprus sp., Marsilia sp., Comelina sp. were

medium to low in all the places survey. Butachlor and sathi were commonly used herbicides

applied with sand and few farmers were using new herbicide Nominee Gold as pre

emergence herbicide. Many farmers did not have any drying facilities and they were using

roads for drying the seeds.

Major post harvest losses were during threshing which contributed upto 5% followed by at

the time of harvest and handling/cleaning (2%). Among the diseases leaf blast (9.5 %), neck

blast (3.7%), sheath blight (6.0%), narrow brown spot (1.5%), leaf scald (1.0%) and sheath

rot (5%) were wide spread with low intensity. Among the insect pest stem borer and leaf

folder were widespread but at low intensity (around 5%). For the control of pest and diseases

carbendazim for blast and sheath blight, chlorophyrphos for leaf folder and stem borer,

monocrotophos for stem borer, hexaconazole for sheath blight, kitazin and tricyclazole for

neck blast and carbofuran for stem borer were commonly used.

Chikkamagalur: The production-oriented survey was conducted in Mudigere,

Chickkamagalur and Tarikere taluks of Chikkamagalur District on 28.10.2010 during at

milky and dough stages of the crop growth period. The popular varieties grown in this

district were mainly KHP-2, Thunga, Intan, Banglarice (BR) and local varieties like

puttabatha etc.,. The sowing was taken from 2nd

fortnight of June to end of July. Most of the

farmers are using the seed-rate of 60-70kg/ha in place of 62.5 kg/ha. Nutrient supplied to the

nursery and main plots through fertilizer were not uniform in surveyed area. The nutrient

supplied to the main plots, i.e. nitrogen ranged from 60-100 kg/ha, 40-60kg P2O5 and 40-

50kg K2O) in place of 75-75-90kg N PK /ha. The source of fertilizers used by the farmers

are urea, rock phosphate, MOP, 10-26-26, 20-20-0-15, DAP etc. Nitrogenous fertiliser were

top-dressed with urea at 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Random method of planting was

followed by the farmers of the district with plant density of 32-35 hills/m2. The weed

infestation was medium to low in all the places of survey. The major weed flora observed

were, Marsilia sps, Ludwigia sps, Commelina bengalansis, Echinochloa sps and also we

could observed weedy rice (< 1%)in Mudigere taluk. The common herbicide like butachlor

5% (25-30 kg/ha) was used for management of weeds. There was no scarcity for seed and

water but they do not have adequate facilities like power, fertilizer and drying and storage

facilities in order to avoid post harvest losses. BR-2655 was infected by udbatta (15-18%)

followed by leaf scald (2%) and sheath rot (3%) diseases. Among the insect pest, stem borer

and leaf folder were noticed but not at damaging level. Most of the farmers were taking plant

protection measures with carbendazim (Blast and sheath blight) and chloropyriiphos for leaf

folder and stem borer. In order to overcome the scarcity of labour and escalating labour

wages during peak period, particularly transplanting operation, nearly 250 acres of paddy

planting was done through machine (Paddy transplanter) in Mudigere taluk. The response of

the farmers was good towards Machine transplanting, which will ensure timely planting

maintain required plant population, reduced lost of cultivation and higher yield.

Dharwad: The production oriented survey was conducted on 15.10.2010 in Mundgod and

Dharwad taluks of Dharwad district during heading to milky stage of the crop growth period.

The district coming under Northern transition zone of Karnataka. The popular rice varieties

were Jaya, MTU-1001, IET-7991, Abhilash, Intan, Doddige etc., Direct or drill sown method

of rice being practiced. The optimum time of sowing was end of May to 2nd week of June

with pre-germinated seeds of 85-90 kg/ha. Most of the farmers applied 3-4 tons of FYM/ha 3

weeks before sowing and applied nutrients in the form of complex fertilizer like, 20:20:0-15,

10:26:26, 17:17:17 etc., The fertilizer application to main field ranged from 60-100kg



nitrogen, 40-70kg P2O5 and 20-70kg K20 in place of 100-50-50 NPK /ha. The weed

infestation was ranged from high to medium. The major weed flora observed were

Echnochloa colanum, Cyperus sp. Cyndon sp, and weedy rice (<1) was also observed in

upland rice. The method of removal of weedy rice was adopted by the farmers was hand

plucking during panicle initiation stage. Butachlor weedicide @ 50 EC @ 2.0 l/ha mixed with

sand for management of weeds in the drill /direct sown rice. Major post harvest losses were

during threshing, (4%), harvest (2%) and handling and cleanings (2%). False smut, Blast,

Sheath rot, Sheath blight and narrow brown spot and BPH were noticed at low intensity

during different crop growth stages. Farmers adopted plant protection measures against pest

and disease mainly using carbendazin for sheath blight and sheath rot and chloropyriphos for

insect pests.

Tumkur: The survey was conducted in Kunigal, Turverekere and Tumkur taluks of Tumkur

district where paddy is being grown under canal and tank fed areas of which the major area

comes under Hemavathi river linked tank-fed area. Non availability of quality seeds, high

yielding varieties with drought, pest and diseases tolerance are the major constraints

expressed by the farmers during the survey. Shortage of water and high cost of inputs are the

other two major constraints expressed by them. In Tumkur district paddy is grown in an area

of 39,970 ha. (kharif and rabi) majority in kharif season and in some parts it is taken during

rabi-summer in the month of November-December. In general the area under paddy has come

down drastically over the decades due to above factors. The major varieties grown in the

district are IR 64, Jaya, BR-2655, Thanu, MTU 1001 and Telahamsa. The fertilizer usage in

this district is below recommended dose in general. In Turverekere and Tumkur taluks we

noticed occurrence of weedy rice (upto 2%) and in general Echinocloa was commonly

observed. Sporadic occurrence of false smut was observed in Arize Hybrid. Low incidence of

blast was noticed in IR-64 and Thanu varieties. Leaf folder was observed in all the places

surveyed with low incidence.

Chamrajnagar: Production oriented survey was conducted in Chamrajnagar at two stages,

first at due to staggered planting two in command areas. Paddy is grown in an area of 16655

ha under irrigated conditions except very few isolated packets of direct sowing under rainfed

conditions. Major varieties grown in this district are Jyothi, IR 64, Jaya, JGL 1798, Ankur

Sonum, MTU-1001, 1010. Low to moderate incidence of pest and disease was noticed in

entire district in general. Incidence o neck blast, BPH and false smut was observed in

Yelandur and Chamrajnagar taluks. Grain discoloration was observed upto 2-3 % in some

plot of delayed planting due to excess rainfall coincided with flowering in the month of

November. Important constraints expressed by farmers are non availability of quality seeds

on time, crop based fertilizer mixtures for balanced application. Fertilizer usage was above

recommended dose in heavy soils upto 120% high. Crop rotation with rice-rice, rice pulses

and rice-vegetables is commonly followed. Overall weed infestation was low mainly

dominated by grasses and sedges. Few farmers used herbicides like Butachlor and Londax

power. Blast, sheath blight, udbatta and leaf folder were observed in places surveyed.

Majority farmers adopted plant protection measures with carbendazim (blast and sheath

blight), tricyclazole and Kitazin for blast and chlorphyriphos, quinolphos for leaf floder and

stem borer control

Dakshina kannada and Udupi: The production oriented survey team including breeder,

agronomist, pathologist and soil scientist conducted survey related to pest, diseases and



nutritional disorders in paddy crop during 11/10/2010 to 13/10/2010 in and around the

districts of Mangalore. More than 20,000 ha area in Mangalore and 48,000 ha area in Udupi

districts planted with paddy. The sowing during second week of July and transplanting during

first or second week of August. The crop was at grain filling stage during our visit. The

important pests are stem borer and leaf folders. However, the damage was below the

threshold level. The diseases found are blast, false smut near Murudeshwara in Palguna

variety was severe and sheath blight was at low intensity. Gundhi bug incidence was noticed

in few patches. The chemicals /fungicides were used appropriately as pest control measures.

Zinc and potash were the common nutrient deficiencies in the area surveyed. Most of the

farmers were using organic manures and green manure to maintain the soil fertility status and

adequate chemical fertilizers were used as basal dose as well as for top dressing. The land

preparation operations were carried out mostly with tractors/cultivators for timely planting

because of well prepared lands. The weed infestation was very less. However, common

weeds found were Cyperus, Cynodon, etc.. Near Bramhavara in Basrur and Tekkatte villages

severe infestation of water weed locally called Antaragange (Salvia molesta) damaged nearly

more than 5 acres of paddy land. The weed samples collected and sent for identification to

AICRP (weed control) Hebbal Bangalore. Near village Tekkatte weedy rice, important weed

in paddy was observed in all the fields with 2 % incidence. Farmers demanded for new

molecules of herbicide/weedicide to control the weed infestation and new varieties suitable

for coastal regions were expressed during the survey time.

Prevalence of pest and diseases in Karnataka

Districts Diseases Insect pests

LB NBL NBS Shbl ShR FS UDB SB BPH LF Hispa Case

worm

Shimoga L L-M - L-

M

L L T L L L-

M

-

Mandya M-S L-M L L-

M

L - L L T L-

M

M T

Mysore L-M M - M L - L L - L-

M

-

Hassan L-M L T

due

L L - L L T L-

M

- L-M

Chikkamagalur L L - L L - M T - T - -

Dharwad L L - L L L - T L T - -

Tumkur L L - L L M - T - L - -

Dakshina

Kannada and

Udupi

L L - L - M - L - L - -



Madhya Pradesh Districts surveyed: Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Shahdol, Panna, Katni, Anooppur and Umaria

Particulars of rice survey

District Block Village Surveyed

Rewa Rewa, Raipur

Karchulian, Hanumana,

Mauganj, Teonthar, Jawa,

Naigarhi, Sirmour,

Maghigama, Patehara, Ram bag, Itaura, Konia,

Persia Jawa, Chilla, Bhitonha, Dhughari,

Gudhawa, Raipur, Karchulian, Teonthar, Mahsua,

Khuj, Amiliki, Hanumana, Godhar, Raghunathpur,

Deotalab, Naigarhi, Deori, Ramnai, Badwar,

Raghunathpur, Karahiya, Badwar, Tamara, Gudh,

Palia, Baikunthpur, Sirmour, Mauganj, Maghiar

and Tilkhan

Satna

Ram Nagar, Amarpatan,

Maihar, Nagod,

Uchehara, Sohawal,

Rampur and Baghelan

Sonwari, Badera, Bhadanpur, Dharampura, Etaura,

Bartona, Sajjanpur, Teonthari, Mauhari, Katara,

Piparikala, Kudaraikala, Khaira, Biruhuli, Nagod,

Bahelia Bhat, Karahi, Bhanghada, Krishnagarh,

Sonaudi, Gorhai, Govindpur Tala, Teonthari,

Bahaliabhat, Bela, DeorajNagar, Hinauti, Jigana

Pataura, Jiganhat, Lagaragama, Karahi, Dinapur,

Mauhari, Ram Nagar, Choragadi, Deoraj Nagar,

Uchehara and Maihar

Sidhi

Maghauli, Sidhi,

Rampur, Naikin,

Churahat and Deosar

Mamadar, Jhalwar, Janakpur, Hardua, Barkheda,

Motawa, Devaraha, Kotar, Kherahani, Madwas,

Khairahi, Bharatpur, Raiduria, Semaria, Patpara

Jhagh, Shivpur, Duara, Bairiha, Bagadara,

Pasagadi, Maghauli, Baghwar, Churahat, Dadhiya,

Sonvarsha, Amaha, Bada Tikat, Lakoda, Barigama,

Bahari, Padania, Panwar, Kuchawahi, Rampur,

Naikin, Jhagh, Kandawar, Chauphal, Barahat,

Kaithaha, Kherawa, Chanmaradol, Bodaritola,

Semaria, Parsili, Chilari, Bhitari, Padkhuri, Pand,

Misirgama

Shahdol

Beohari, Jaisingh Nagar,

Gohaparu, Sohagpur ,

Burhar

Balbehra, Dhurwar, Dhangama, Deori, Chachai,

Beohari, Chamaradol, Khadda, Ghorasa, Barakach,

Deoganva, Aswari, Karkati, Jaisingh Nagar,

Silpari, Khannaudhi, Karaki, Tihiki, Tetaka,

Silpari, Chuhari and Koni

Panna

Devendra nagar

Ajaygarh, Pawai ,

Barkheda, Janakpur, Pawai, Saleha,

Devendranagar, Barwaha, Rajapur, Fulwari,

Papakhara, Dadar, Hardua, Madha, Birahauli,

Naunia, Navganv, Bhulani and Gangewaria,



District Block Village Surveyed

Katni Barahi, Katni, Mudwara

and Vijayraghavgarh

Barahitola, Khitoli, Karaundhi, Khurd, Kuna,

Karela Rupandh, Badawara, Jhukehi, Sabhaganj,

Ghunwara, Patharahata, Pakara, Piparia,

Bahoriband, Dhimarkheda, Mudwara, Vilayatkala,

Jhalawara, Badawara, Rupandh, Khirahani, Kaudia,

Dhanadi, Amaraia, Banjari, Barahi, Mohantola

and Salaiya

Anooppur

Rajendragram,

Keshawahi and Anooppur

Karkati, Pathara, Rorapani, Singhpur, Koni,

Birahuli, Dhurawar, Narabaspur and Dhogargama

Umaria Bandhavgarh, Manpur,

Chandia and Karkeli Pali

Lodha, Kudari, Kareli, Chandia, Pali, Umari,

Virsinghpur, Bharaula and Baderi

District wise widely prevalent Rice Varieties :

District Varieties

Rewa Dehula, Newari, Govinda, IR-36, IR-50, Sonam, Basmati, Vandana, Pro-

Agro 6201, PA 6444, Champion, Subeej Sugandha, Dhanteswari, Azan,

Badalphool, Dilbaksha, Kapoorshah, Rambhog, Sonachoor, Lonagi, Geeta,

Jagtial sannalu, MR219, Shabnam, MTU 1010, Biranj, Lohandih, Bhejari,

Ganga Kaveri, Jiledar, Mansooriya, Nanhi, Samasar, JR-75, Pusa Sugandha 5,

JR201, Jalkeshar, Baksha, Bhadaili, Bohita, Badalphool, Goraknath, Dubraj, IR

64, Madhuri Lochai, Bhantaphool, Sonkharchi, JRH 4, JRH 5, PAC 801,

Pusa sugandha, Tej, Excel, Loknath, Karanphool, Jiledar, Pardeshi (

Dominance of Improved varieties 65% )

Satna

Rambhog, Laloo-14, Biranjphool, IR-36, IR-64, IR-50, Sonam, Basmati, JR-75,

Loknath, Sonam, Jaya, Sonali, Dehula, Newari, Kaniga, Lonhadi, Jalkeshar,

Dilbaksha, Bhadaili, Vandana, JRH 4, JRH 5, Pusa Sugandha 3, Pusa Sugandha

5, Excel, Bhantaphool, Biranj, Azan, Bhadaili, Karaga, Balbhog, Laichi,

Lochai, Mahak, Balkeshar, Rabina, Roopali, Lal Dhan, Pro-Agro-6201, Pro-

Agro-6111, PA6444, Indo American-1001 and PAC-801, PHB71, Champion

and Tej ( Improved variety 55% )

Umaria

MTU1081, JRH8, Loknath, Pro-Agro-6201, PA6444, Ranikajal, Butanagar,

PRH 10, Lonagi, Lonhadi, Kerakhambh, Kosam, IR 36, IR 64, IR 50,

MTU1010, Kranti, Balkeshar, Saunthi, Karahani, Padmasar, Lochai, Basmati,

Vishnubhog, Kalisugandh, Kanakjir, Bohita, Kosam, Kanji, Karanphool,

Khoonta, Gurmatia, Gulab Kali, Belari, Biranj, Kanak, Karahani, Bhejari,

Samsar, Siyari, Menaka, Kajari, Rambhog, Badshah Phool, Chhinmauri,

Amagaur, Kanji, JRH 4, JRH 5, Sonam, Shabnam, Rupali and Menaka (

Improved variety 35%)



District Varieties

Sidhi

JRH4, JRH5, Sabnam, Nadawal, Kanakjir, Annada, Bhanta Phool

Jwalaphool, Ranikajal, Vishnubhog, Butanagar Koilari, Shukla Phool,

Goraknath, Sonkarchi, Doodhi, Samasar, Poornima, Basmati, Sonam, Govinda,

IR-36, IR-64, IR 50, Newari, Pro-Agro-6201, .Dehula, Lonagi, Biranj, Ledua,

Banspore, Bohita, Bhantaphool, Karaga, Raghuwar Prasad, Nanhi, Mulayam

999, Shabnam, Champion, Banspore, Ganga Kaveri, PRH10, PS5, PS 4, Malti,

Lalita, Patna and Vandana ( Improved variety 35 % )

Shahdol

Rasi 111, Barahi, Chandra Hasini, Pusa Sugandha 3, Pusa Sugandha 5,

Mahamaya, Swarna, Safari, Keshar, Vishnubhog, BD 1, MTU1010, Gulab Kali,

Belari, Gurmatia, Biranj, Karahani, Bhejari, Amagaur, Kanji, JRH 4, JRH 5,

Loknath, Pro-Agro-6201, PA6444, Ranikajal, Butanagar, Kanak, Samsar,

Siyari, Menaka, Kajari, Rambhog, Badshah Phool, Chhinmauri, Balkeshar,

Saunthi, Karahani, Padmasar, Lonhadi, Lochai, Basmati, Vishnubhog,

Kalisugandh, Kanakjir, Bohita, Kosam, Kanji, Karanphool, Khoonta, Gurmatia,

Ramunwa, Kerakhambh, IR-36, IR-64, IR 50, Lok Nath, PAC 801, Mahyco

117, Nisotawa, Nadawal and P1460 (Improved variety 35 % )

Katni Dhaur, IR36, IR 50, IR 64, Kranti, Lochai, Jalkeshar, Vishnubhog Basmati,

Chhatri, Tulsi, PA 6201, Loknath, Sonam, Shabnam, Menaka, Juari, Dubaraj,

Keshar, Bhanta Phool, JRh 4, JRH 5, MR219 and WGL 32100

( Improved variety 45 % )

Panna Parasanwasa, IR36, IR64, IR50, Lonhadi, Goraknath, Kari, Newari, Karadhana,

Basamti, Bhadali, PHB 71, Kari, Ratna, Laichi, Kuturba, Kanji, Doodhi, Haru,

Sathia, Sonam, Loknath, Menaka and MTU1010 (Improved variety 30 % )

Anooppur Vishnubhog, Kalisugandh, Kanakjir, Bohita, Kosam, Kanji, JRH4, JRH5, IR36,

IR64, Kranti, Pusa Sugandha 3, Pusa Sugandha 5, HMT, Mahamaya,

Dhanteswari, Samasar, Siyari, Menaka, Kajari, Rambhog, Badshah Phool,

Chhinmauri, Balkeshar, Saunthi, Karahani, Padmasar, Badshah Phool,

Chhinmauri, Balkeshar, Saunthi, Karahani, Padmasar, Lonhadi, Lochai and

Basmati ( Improved variety 45 % )

Particulars of Rice Surveyed area

District Total

Rainfall (mm)

Total Rice

Area

(000 ha)

Direct seeded

(000 ha)

Transplanted Rice

Area (000ha)

Rewa 790 55 20. 35

Satna 805 32 6 26

Sidhi 792 38 8 30

Shahdol 829 55 20 35

Katni 850 30 10 20.

Umaria 865 44 30 14

Panna 790 34 25 9

Anoop pur 945 105 76 29

Production Oriented Survey of rice was conducted in eight districts viz. Rewa, Satna, Sidhi,

Shahdol, Umaria, Anoopur, Katni and Panna districts situated in Kymore and Satpura hills

under Rice-wheat crop zone in Madhya Pradesh. The weather conditions during crop growth



period was extremely abnormal because there was no good rains in the month of June. The

rainfall was restricted in the state ranging from 10 to 70 mm in the month of June. Therefore,

sowing of direct seeded rice either un-sprouted broadcasting or lehi (Sprouted seeds) sowing

was delayed in rain fed ecosystem in the state. There was long dry spell in the month of July.

The farmers have sown the seeds in the nursery in the month of June but due to late rains in

the month of August the transplanting was very much delayed. It was observed that due to

late rains in the month of august the direct sowing area of rice was unsown or replaced by

sowing of Urad, moong or sesame. The crop condition of sesame was found to be excellent in

the surveyed area. Over all the rainfall was very low and there distribution was erratic

therefore sowing, transplanting and crop growth was badly affected. The transplanting of

hybrid rice or improved varieties were undertaken by the farmers having assured irrigation in

Rewa, Katni, Panna and Satna district but the farmers have sown direct seeding of rice under

rain fed or partial irrigated area of Shahdol, Umaria and Anooppur district. The transplanting

was delayed in the rain fed area of Shahdol and Anooppur district due to late rains in the

month of August. It was estimated that 45 to 50% rice area was replaced by black gram,

moong and sesamum in Rewa, Satna, Panna, Sidhi and Katni district whereas, 80 to 90%

rice area was covered under rice in Shahdol, Umaria and Anooppur district under rain fed and

irrigated conditions. It was observed that approximately 55 to 60% yield losses occurred in

the surveyed area due to poor rains and severe drought.

There was heavy rainfall (1500 mm) in Jabalpur, Balaghat, Damoh and western part

of Madhya Pradesh and central district therefore, direct seeding and transplanting both were

performed well in rain fed and irrigated ecosystem. The rain fed area of rice was affected

much as compared to irrigated area. It was observed that even 35 to 45 days old seedlings

were planted in the irrigated area but under rain fed it was unsown and serious losses

occurred. This year rice area was diverted into pulse crop viz Soybean, Urad, Moong, Jowar,

Bajra and Til in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Panna and Katni districts due to delayed and poor

rains. The predominant varieties in the state were PA6201, PA 6444, PHB71, PAC 801, PRH

10, IR-36, IR-64, IR 50, Govinda, Vandana, Pusa Sugandha 3, Kranti, HMT, Pusa Sugandha

5, Basmati, Lochai, Sonam, JR-75, JR 201, Sabnam, Loknath, Winner and Champion. It was

noted that rice hybrids are being popularized by the private sectors and government agencies

in the state and therefore, the farmers are taking keen interest to grow hybrid rice and

benefited by obtaining the grain yield ranging from 50 to 70 q/ha over improved varieties

(25-40q/ha) under irrigated ecosystem. In regard to hybrid rice adoption Rewa, Satna and

Sidhi districts covered maximum area (approximate 15 to 20 %) by the progressive and

medium farmers under irrigated ecosystem where as, Shahdol ,Panna, Katni and Anooppur

districts have less adoption of hybrid rice ranging from 10 to 15 %. It was also noted that

farmers are taking keen interest to replace the local varieties with hybrid rice and improved

high yielding varieties and strengthening the economic status. The replacement of local rice

varieties was maximum in ,Rewa , Satna ,Sidhi and Katni districts whereas. it was

comparatively low in Shahdol and Panna districts. The cropping systems like rice-wheat,

rice-gram and rice-pea, rice–lentil, rice-berseem, rice-fallow and rice-barley were commonly

practiced in Anooppur, Shahdol, and Umaria districts where light poor soil is predominant

and very poor irrigation facilities are available The major source of irrigation is bore-well

followed by open well and canal irrigation. The main source of power for agricultural

operations was electricity in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi and Katni where as diesel source was

commonly practiced in Umaria, Shahdol, Anooppur and Panna districts. The electric power

supply is becoming the major limiting factor for irrigation therefore, farmers are facing acute

problem and demanding at least 14 hour assured power supply for raising the crop

successfully. The rice productivity in the state was very low (1.7 to 2.3 t/ha) due to



dominance of local extra early and medium poor yielder varieties, low fertilizer application,

poor irrigation resources, poor plant protection measures and poor socio-economics status of

the farmers. However, it was noted that the progressive, medium and marginal farmers

having irrigation facilities have adopted the cultivation of hybrids and obtaining the grain

yield ranging from 60 to 75 q/ha. The farmers are demanding the extra early high yielding

varieties (90 to 100 days duration) and early hybrids looking to the poor rainfall scenario for

last five years. The farmers are not satisfied with the efforts of the department of agriculture

for un-timely seed supply, fertilizers and poor quality pesticides in the region. The

availability of improved seeds, irrigation sources and equipments were inadequate where as

fertilizer, and pesticides are satisfactory. The storage and drying facilities were either

inadequate or not available The specific needs of the farmers were noted viz., improved

variety seeds in time paddy thresher, sprayers, duster, cono weeder and rotavator and paddy

transplanter. It was observed that weed infestation was very high in rain fed ecosystem and

causing heavy economic yield losses as compared to transplanting system. It was estimated

that approximate 35 to 40% yield losses was occurred due to weed infestation and farmers

are facing a lot of problem to combat the losses due to heavy investment in manual weeding

and labour crisis. Weed infestation was very high in Rewa, Satna, Katni, Panna and Sidhi

districts in rain fed upland rice ecosystem as compared to irrigated rice where as, it was

minimum in Shahdol and Jabalpur districts due to wide adoption of transplanting. Very few

progressive farmers are using weedicide like Butachlor, Web super and Almix in rice

whereas, Laso, Pursuit weedicides were commonly adopted in Soybean for effective

management of weeds. It was noted that application of laundrex power weedicide @10kg/ha

at the time of transplanting in Shahdol district effectively managed the post emergence

weeds. In regard to Zinc deficiency, it was commonly noticed in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi,

Shahdol and Panna as compared to Katni Umaria and Anoop pur districts. In regard to

incidence of pest and diseases, it was noted to be low due to poor rainfall and un favorable

microclimate. However, leaf blast, brown spot, Khaira, false smut, sheath blight, seed

discoloration, WBPH, case worm, leaf folder, army worm, gundhi bug and termite

infestation were noticed in the surveyed area in moderate or in traces. WBPH, Neck blast

and army worm were appeared this year in moderate severity and causing considerable yield

losses. WBPH attack was reported in all the surveyed area and secretion of honey dew causes

damage in panicle initiation and developed chaffy grains. Rat infestation was observed in

paddy fields, threshing floor and storage in all the surveyed area in traces .

Rewa: In Rewa district eight blocks were surveyed when the crop was at tillering, dough

stage and maturity stage. The weather condition during the crop growth period was extremely

abnormal. There was severe drought in the month of July and mid August therefore, direct

seeding was adversely affected and most of the farmers diversified the crop by taking urad,

moong, and sesamum. However, due to good rains in mid August transplanting was carried

out especially in irrigated area and farmers have planted hybrids or improved varieties. Local

varieties were recorded in Mauganj, Teonthar and Hanumana blocks. It was also noted that

more than 30 to 40 days old seedlings were planted by the farmers due to delayed rains. It

was estimated that about 45 to 55 % yield losses occurred in extra early, medium maturing

verities in rain fed farming system because the rice was unsown due to delayed rains in the

district. There were adequate rains in the month of October therefore the late maturing

varieties and hybrids performed well. Therefore, the farmers have prepared their fallow and

rice fields and rabi crop sowing was carried out. The prominent cropping systems were rice-

wheat, soybean- gram, Rice-gram and rice-lentil. The most popular varieties grown in the

district were IR-36, IR-64, IR-50, Govinda , Lochai, JR201, Vandana, PRH10, Lohandi,

Newari, PS 3, PS 5, Sonam, Basmati, JRH 4, JRH 5, Pro-Agro-6201, Champion, Subeej,



Sugandha, MTU1010 and other available Pvt hybrids. The Public hybrids seeds demand was

very high in the district but due to unavailability of seeds farmers were purchased from

private hybrids in higher price from market. The farmers are mostly using their own local

seeds or improved seeds from private and government agencies but it was commonly noticed

that public sector seeds were not sufficiently provided to the farmers in time therefore,

farmers were purchasing the seeds from private shops in heavy rates.

Electricity supply has become a major constraint for irrigation. Bore well, canals and

well are the main source of irrigation. It was noted that due to Bansagar canal the irrigation

was tremendously increased in Rewa and Raipur Karchulian blocks. The primary source of

finance was public sector followed by cooperative societies and self-finance. Kisan Credit

Card facilities and short term loan from nationalized bank are playing a vital role for assisting

to the agricultural resources. The farmers are demanding to the State Governmentt to declare

the drought affected districts. The source of fertilizers was from public, cooperative and

private institutions. Most of the farmers in the district were marginal and sub marginal. The

land holding capacity is being declined in the district. The averaged yield during the previous

seasons ranged between 2.5 to 4 t/ha in IR-36, IR 64, Govinda, Sonam , PS3, PS5 and PS 3

whereas it ranged from 50 to 65q/ha in hybrids even under severe drought situation in

irrigated ecosystem. In regard to weed infestation Echinochloa spp., Cyprus rotundus,

Paspalum spp., etc were most predominant in rain fed farming system. Whereas, it was

minimum in transplanted rice. The availability of labours are also becoming as a major

constraint due to cement industries in the region. The management of weeds through

herbicidal application was in traces because of uncertain rains and unavailability of moisture

in the field. Therefore, hand weeding was commonly practiced for effective weed

management in rice where as, in Soybean farmers are applying Alachlor, Turga Super,

imazathpyr and other effective herbicides. The average fertilizer consumption of the district

was 40 kg/ha. The basal fertilizer application consisted of 20-30 kg/ha Single super

phosphate and 10-20kg/ha muriate of potash with zinc sulphate (20 kg/ha) adopted by the

progressive farmers followed by top dressing of urea 30-35 kg/ha. Whereas, marginal and sub

marginal farmers were applied top dressing of urea only (15-30 kg/ha) during tillering and

grain filling stage. Adoption of Organic fertilizers viz. use of FYM , green manuring , vermin

compost and Blue green algae culture were also introduced in the district and farmers are

taking keen interest to improve the soil health through organic farming system. Zinc

deficiency symptoms which is commonly known as khaira were also commonly noticed in

the district and hot spot pockets were identified particularly in Rewa, Naigarhi, Hanumana,

Teonthar, Raipur Karchulian and Jawa block of Rewa district. Therefore, recommendation of

Zinc sulphate @ 20kg/ha was given to combat the losses in the district and progressive

farmers have adopted the technology .

In regard to pest and disease scenario, it was noted that the severity were low to very

low this year due to occurrence of drought. However, Neck blast ,leaf blast, brown spot, leaf

folder, WBPH, Caseworm, Armyworm Gundhi bug, Seed discoloration, termite and rat

infestation were recorded in the district. WBPH incidence was noted in the district in

moderate severity and chaffy grains, sticky panicles appeared and caused economic losses.

The application of monocrotophos, chloropyriphos, trizophos, imidacloprid were practiced

by the progressive farmers for controlling and combating the economic losses in the district.

Satna: Seven blocks of Satna district were surveyed at tillering, grain filling stage and

maturity stage. This year, the distribution of rainfall was very erratic and low in the month of

June and July. Therefore, direct seeding was negligible. However, transplanting was carried



out in the month of August under irrigated situations. Rice hybrids and improved varieties

were transplanted under irrigated ecosystem. Overall due to severe drought 40-50% rice area

was unsown and most of the rice area was replaced by urad, moong and sesamum. Farmers

wanted extra early maturing varieties, fertilizers, weeds control devices, paddy transplanters,

plant protection equipments in time and adequate supply of electricity for assured irrigation.

The major crop rotations were soybean-gram, rice-wheat, rice-gram, rice-lentil and rice-

barley. Tank, nala, canal and bore wells are the main source of irrigation. It was noted the

farmers were deprived from the improved rice varieties in time however, the inputs like

fertilizers and bio-cultures were adequate in the surveyed area. In regard to fertilizer

application, it was observed that in rice, farmers used to apply only urea in low doses in splits

rather than balanced application of nutrients P, K and micronutrients. Weed population was

noted to be very high in direct seeded rice as compared to transplanted rice. Hand weeding

was commonly practiced and few farmers applied herbicides viz., butachlor @ 1.5 l/ha for

effective weed control. The labor crisis was also noted in the district because of huge number

of Cement industries and becoming constraints in the district. Local varieties were also noted

in the Rama Nagr, Maihar and Nagod blocks, whereas, IR-36, Sonam IR 64, IR 50 and

hybrid rice were cultivated in irrigated conditions with good productivity. It was observed

that hybrid rice cultivation is becoming popular and widely adopted by the farmers because

of good productivity and monetary returns under irrigated conditions. SRI Method is

becoming very popular and farmers are taking keen interest to adopt the technology under

limited water resources. Khaira disease was commonly noticed in Uchehara ,Sohawal

Ramnagar, Amarpatan, Rampur baghelan and Maihar blocks. In regard to biotic stresses,

neck blast, leaf blast, brown spot, leaf folder, case worm, WBPH, Stem borer and Gundhibug

were recorded in very low severity. It was recorded that due to erratic rains and long dry spell

in the month of September the rice pests and diseases were occurred in traces due to non

congenial microclimate in the region. It was noticed that application of monocrotophos or

chloropyriphos were commonly practiced by the farmers for controlling the pest. The

productivity of rice was much below (1.5 to 2 t/ha) in rain fed areas whereas, it was

satisfactory (3.5-4.5 t/ha) in irrigated ecosystem. Good quality of fertilizers, improved seeds

of early varieties drying facilities, equipment, irrigation, proper supply of electricity, trainings

on improved package of practices are the main demand of farmers in the district.

Sidhi: In this district five blocks were surveyed at dough and maturity stage. Rainfall was

very erratic and low in the month of June and July therefore, direct seeding was badly

affected. In the district due to long dry spell in the month of July approximately 55-60% rice

area was unsown and rice area was replaced by Moong ,Jowar, urid, Arhar and sesamum

crops. However, transplanting was carried out in irrigated situations and low line fields.

Progressive farmers replaced the local rice varieties and grown the hybrids and improved

cultivars under irrigated ecosystem. Direct seeding (Jhuria) method was commonly practiced

in rain fed farming system for local traditional varieties whereas, lehi (Sprouted seeds

broadcasting) and transplanting were adopted for improved high yielding varieties in irrigated

conditions. Hybrid rice is being adopted by the farmers and SRI method is becoming very

popular in the district. Rice-wheat, rice-gram, rice-fallow, jowar-kodo-arhar, rice-fallow and

fallow-linseed were the predominant cropping system. Kodo, Kutaki, and Arhar as sole crop

and mix cropping of arhar with kodo, kutki, urid and til are being commonly practiced in the

district under rain fed condition in the tribal dominating areas viz Deosar, Chitarangi and

Maghauli blocks in the district. The predominant varieties were Sonkharchi, Laichi, Samasar,

Karahani, IR-36, PA 6201, PA6444, Loknath, Prasanna, PRH 10, PS 3, PS 5, Dehula and

Bhataphool. Fertilizer application in kharif crops was noted to be poor whereas, in Rabi basal

dose of fertilizer and line sowing were practiced in the district. The average fertilizer



consumption of the district was 17.32 kg/ha. Due to light soil and low irrigation facilities

farmers are not applying chemical fertilizers. However, farmers are applying urea at tillering

stage at very low doses (15-20kg/ha). It was noted that top dressing of urea only was

commonly practiced in rice without basal application whereas, in Rabi, farmers adopted line

sowing followed by basal application of super phosphate and potash in the district. Very few

progressive farmers applied basal fertilizer as single super phosphate followed by muriate of

potash and zinc sulphate in low land/ bunded rice fields where improved varieties like

Poornima, PS 3, PS 5, JRH 4, JRH 5, Basmati, IR-36, IR64, JR201, Sonam and hybrids were

grown under irrigated conditions. The productivity was low ranging from 1.5 to 2 t/ha due to

very low dose of fertilizer application, less irrigation and dominance of local varieties,

undulated topography and marginal lands with low nutritional status of soil in the Maghauli

and Deosar blocks whereas, the productivity in Churahat and Rampur Naikin blocks it was

comparatively good ranging from 2-3t/ha.This area had maximum bore well facilities

therefore, adoption of hybrid rice is becoming more popular as compared to other blocks.

Bore wells, wells and canal irrigation were the main source of irrigation. Zinc deficiency was

noted in Churahat, Maghauli, Rampur Naikin and Deosar blocks. Weed infestation was

observed very high in direct seeded fields where as, it was less in transplanted ecosystem.

Hand weeding was commonly practiced and labour crisis was also noted in Churahat and

Rampur Naikin Blocks in the district. Electricity shortage in the surveyed area was noticed

and becoming a limiting factor for irrigation. Drying and storage facilities were not available.

In regard to pest and disease scenario it was noted to be very low this year. Incidence of

brown spot, neck blast, false smut, grain discoloration, WBPH, leaf folder and army worm

were recorded in moderate severity in the surveyed area. False smut infection in hybrid rice

was also noted to be in traces. Over all pest incidence was noted to be very low in the district.

Plant protection measures were adopted very low (10%). Very few progressive farmers were

applied chloropyriphos and monocrotophos for combating the pest losses .

Shahdol: Five blocks of Shahdol district were surveyed at grain filling, dough stage and

transplanting stage. The rainfall was very erratic and distribution was also not proper

therefore, transplanting was delayed in rain fed and irrigated ecosystem. The district is known

for monocropping because of dominance of sandy soil and low irrigation facilities. Rice is the

main crop and transplanting is commonly practiced in rain fed areas due to low line fields.

Due to poor rainfall in the month of June and July the transplanting was delayed. However,

the crop growth was found to be satisfactory even in late planting. It was noted that due to

late rains in the month of August 30-40 days old seedlings were transplanted. As regard the

crop rotation Rice-fallow is predominant however, Rice-wheat, Rice-barley and Kodo,

Kutaki as sole crop and, mix cropping with Arhar, are being practiced due to variation in soil

types in the district. The district has very low irrigation facilities and wells and tank are the

main source of irrigation. The socio-economic status of the farmers are very poor due to

dominance of tribes. However, farmers are obtaining rice yield ranging from 25-35q/ha due

to mono cropping. Application of FYM and other forest products were commonly adopted by

the farmers. The farmers are demanding early duration varieties less than 90 days maturity in

Beohari, Sohagpur, Jaisingh Nagar blocks and mid duration 90 to 120 days maturity in

Gohaparu and Burhar blocks with good productivity. The major varieties of rice were IR64,

IR50, Sonam, PS3, PS5, JRH4, JRH5, Kera Khambh, Dubaraj, Vishnubhog, Kanak, Bhejari,

Bohita and IR-36. Very few farmers had grown hybrid rice Pro-Agro-6201, Loknath, Raja,

Champion, Winner, Mulayam-999, PAC 801 in Beohari, Burhar and Jaisingh nagar area

where assured irrigation was available In regard to fertilizer application it was noted to be

very poor (10-12kg/ha ) because of less irrigation, light soil and existence of forest rich soil.

However, only nitrogenous fertilizer was applied in rice at tillering stage. FYM was



commonly practiced due to large number of domestic animals and rich forest area Farmers

used their own traditional varieties in the tribal dominated district. However, progressive

farmers have grown hybrids and improved varieties. SRI cultivation was very much

popularized and adopted by the farmers in Burhar and Gohaparu blocks. It was noted that SRI

was practiced in 20000 ha area in the district. Very good efforts were made by the department

of Agriculture and KVK scientists for promotion and adoption of SRI in the district. Weed

infestation was noted to be very low in transplanting ecosystem. Herbicide application was

not adopted however, hand weeding was commonly practiced in the district In Sohagpur

block, application of Laundrex power herbicide as post emergence @ 4kg/acre followed by

Mycorhiza was demonstrated by KVK Scientists for the management of weeds and

promoting the crop growth. The farmers were very happy and appreciated the efforts for

effective management of weeds. The average yield of the district was moderate 20-35q/ha.

Equipment, irrigation, electricity, improved seeds, storage facility, financial support from

government organizations and transfer of technology were the main requirements of farmers.

Use of conoweeder demonstration was given in the district in the transplanted field and

farmers are highly appreciated and demanded the equipment.

In regard to biotic stresses low severity of pest incidence was noted this year due to

poor rainfall and long dry spell. However, leaf blast, neck blast, bacterial blight, brown spot,

false smut, seed discoloration case worm, leaf folders, WBPH and rice bug were reported in

moderate severity. WBPH incidence was reported in severe form in the district in late planted

area and sticky panicles reported and causes economic losses. Khaira was commonly

recorded in Gohaparu Jaisingh Nagar and Beohari blocks. Pant protection measures adoption

was noted to be very poor. Very few farmers were applied chloropyriphos and

monocrotophos for the management of pest, ITK’s viz., application of cow urine, neem leaf,

Bhelama, Salaiya were commonly practiced for the management of pest and diseases. Lac

cultivation is adopted by the tribals in the district in collaboration with the department of

forest and KVK in Burhar and Gohaparu blocks. Special trainings on Lac cultivation were

organized by the KVK and major emphasis was given on self help group movement for

agricultural development. RAWE students were actively participated and demonstrated the

effective low cost technology in the adopted villages.

Umaria: The district has cropping intensity 128.5% and rice occupied major area in the

district. .Survey was conducted during flowering stage and grain filling stage. The onset of

monsoon was on Ist week of June but due to prolong dry spell in the month of July the

direct sowing was delayed and old seedlings 30.-35 days were transplanted in the month of

August. The major cropping systems were Rice-wheat, Rice-barley and Rice- fallow in the

district due to variation in soil types. The sandy soil is dominated in the district therefore rice

fallow cropping system is predominant. It was estimated that considerable yield losses

occurred in rain fed upland fields where extra early varieties were not sown due to prolong

dry spell in the month of June and July. Late maturing varieties performed well due to good

rains in the month of September and October under irrigated ecosystem.The major varieties

of rice were Dubaraj, Vishnubhog, IR-36, Kanak, Bhejari, Bohita, Kera khambh Kosam and

Laldhan. The farmers are taking keen interest to grow hybrid rice but due to poor socio

economic status and less irrigation it was not much popularized as it was adopted in Rewa

and Satna district. Very few progressive farmers have grown Pro-Agro-6201, PA6444,

Sonam Shabnam, Loknath Tej, Excel, MTU 1010, Pusa Sugandha 5, JRH 4, JRH 5,

Mulayam-999, PAC801 in Karkeli, Chandia and Manpur blocks where assured irrigation

was available. Farmers used their own seeds in the tribal dominated district. However,

progressive farmers were grown hybrids and improved varieties. Equipment, irrigation,



electricity, improved seeds and transfer of technology were the main requirements of farmers.

However, the average yield of the district was moderate 20-30q/ha .The fertilizer

consumption was very poor 18.23 kg/ha. However, nitrogenous fertilizers were applied in

rice at tillering stage. FYM was commonly practiced and nutritional status of the field is good

due to rich forest area. Weed infestation was noted to be low to moderate. Normally weeding

was not practiced but very few farmers adopted hand weeding for weed management. The

economic status of the farmers was found to be very poor due to dominance of tribal in the

district, poor soil texture and less agricultural input resources etc. SRI cultivation was also

adopted by the farmers and obtaining the grain yield 55-65q/ha in Manpur and Chandia

blocks .In regard to biotic stresses, Neck blast, leaf blast, brown spot, case worm, leaf folders,

armyworm and rice bug were reported in traces. False smut was reported in hybrid rice in

traces. Case worm infestation was high in low lands under late sown crop in Chandia and

Karkeli block. Khaira was also noted in the surveyed area. Adoption of plant protection

measures was noted to be very poor

Anooppur: The district is having total rice cultivated area105 m ha with total irrigated area

6.095 m ha with cropping intensity of 129.0%. Survey was conducted during grain filling

stage and grain maturity. Direct seeding was carried out in time but transplanting was delayed

due to poor rains in the month of July therefore some of the rice area was unsown. There was

dry spell in the month of September hence early varieties were affected more than late

maturing varieties. The average fertilizer application was 15kg/ha which is much below than

other districts. Transplanting method is very common in the district therefore weed

infestation was found to be very low. Hand weeding and weedicides application were not

practiced in the district therefore, weed flora population was observed moderate to high in

rain fed direct seeded fields as well as transplanted rice The major varieties of rice were IR-

36, IR64, Kanaka, Gurmatia, Bohita and Vishnu bhog, Kera khambh Lochai etc. Very few

farmers had grown hybrid rice Pro-Agro-6201 and Mulayam-999, PAC 801, Manisha, Tara,

Chadini in Keshawahi and Anooppur area where assured irrigation was available. Dubaraj

Local scented popular rice was grown in the district in low line fields and farmers are

obtaining grain yield 35-45 q/ha. The major cropping systems were Rice-wheat, Rice- gram,

Rice-barley and Rice- fallow due to vast variation in soil types in the district .Niger crop is

also grown in the hilly fields and due to late sowing farmers are not able to harvest good

yields. The sandy soil and black cotton sandy soils are dominated in the district therefore rice

fallow, rice-gram, rice –wheat cropping system are predominant.

Farmers used their own seeds in the tribal dominated district. However, progressive farmers

were grown hybrids and improved varieties. Equipment, irrigation, electricity, improved

seeds and transfer of technology were the main requirements of farmers. However, the

average yield of the district was moderate 20-35q/ha. Only Nitrogenous fertilizer were

applied in rice at tillering stage very few farmers are applying super phosphate, potash and

Zinc. FYM was commonly practiced in the district due to rich forest area and lage no of

domestic animals. The economic status of the farmers was found to be very poor due to

dominance of tribal in the district, poor soil texture and less agricultural input resources etc.

In regard to biotic stresses ,neck blast , leaf blast, brown spot, false smut, bacterial blight,

case worm, WBPH, leaf folders, armyworm and rice bug were reported in moderate to

traces. Case worm infestation and leaf folder were high in low lands under late sown crop in

Kotama, Funga and Keshawahi area. Adoption of plant protection measures was noted to be

very poor



Panna: Three blocks were surveyed in Panna district at Panicle initiation, grain filling stage

and maturity stage. The rainfall was satisfactory but the distribution was not proper

therefore, the crop was adversely affected in the district. The upland rice area 40-45% was

unsown due to uneven and late rainfall in the month of August and September. Therefore the

transplanting was carried out late in the month of August in irrigated area. IR-36, IR 64,

Parsanwasa, Chinnaur, IR 50 and hybrid rice were cultivated in irrigated conditions with

good productivity. It was observed that hybrid rice cultivation is becoming very popular and

farmers are applying sufficient dose of fertilizer ranging from 35-45 kg/ha and obtaining

grain yield 60-70 q/ha under irrigated ecosystem.The productivity was much below (2 to2.5

t/ha) in rain fed area whereas, it was good (3 to 4 t/ha) in irrigated ecosystem .Major crop

rotations were rice-wheat, rice-lentil Rice -gram, and rice-barley. Bore wells, canal and tank

are the main source of irrigation. Poor power supply was reported in the surveyed area

which may cause limiting factor for irrigation. The fertilizer application was found to be

very poor in rice but moderate in rabi crops. The average fertilizer application in the district

is 30 kg/ha which is very poor as compared to other parts of the state. It was observed that top

dressing of urea only (20-25 kg/ha) was commonly practiced by the farmers in rice rather

than basal application of phosphorus and potash. Khaira disease was also noticed in Devendra

Nagar and Ajaygarh The inputs viz .improved early maturing varieties seeds and plant

protection devices were inadequate in the surveyed area. It was noticed that weed population

was high in direct seeded rice and hand weeding was commonly practiced. A few farmers

applied herbicides viz., Butachlor for weed control. In regard to biotic stresses, brown spot,

leaf folder, case worm, and Gundhi bug were recorded in low severity. It was also noted that

the rice pests were not occurred in severe form this year due to prolong drought in the month

of September and October which was not conducive for the occurrence of pest and diseases.

The farmers are demanding timely supply of seeds, equipment, proper power supply of

electricity, good quality of fertilizers, and special trainings on improved package of practices

for increasing the rice production in the district.

Katni: Four blocks were surveyed under this programme. The survey was conducted during

grain filling, dough and maturity stage. The onset of monsoon was on third week of June but

there was a long dry spell in the month of June and July therefore, the sowing of direct

seeding was not carried out in rain fed upland ecosystem. Very poor rainfall in the month of

June and July was recorded which may adversely affected the sowing of rice under rain fed

area and the farmers have diversified and replaced by Sesamum, urid and moong in the paddy

fields. Farmers usually adopted direct seeding in the district in rain fed and irrigated

ecosystem. Thus, approximate 40 to 55 % rice area was unsown. However, progressive

farmers have translated rice under irrigated ecosystem. Hybrids and scented rice like Basmati

, Kalmoonch and Vishnubhog are becoming popular. SRI cultivation in the district was

found very low. It was also noticed that the area under hybrids are very low as compared to

other surveyed area. The major cropping system were Rice-wheat, Rice-gram and Rice- pea.

It was noted that there was heavy yield losses occurred in the district due to long dry spell

and late rainfall .The major varieties of rice were IR-36, Karadhana, Dhaur, IR 64, Kranti,

JR353, Pusa Sugandha, Basmati, Dubaraj, Chhatri, Dubaraj and Vishnubhog. Very few

farmers had grown hybrid rice Pro-Agro-6201, PA6444, PS3, PS5, Kranti, Sonam, JRH 4,

JRH 5, Loknath, Mulayam-999, PAC801 in the district where assured irrigation was

available. The fertilizer consumption was moderate 40-45 kg/ha. However huge nitrogenous

fertilizer was applied in rice at tillering stage. FYM was commonly practiced and nutritional

status of the field is good due to adoption of organic resources. Weed infestation was noted to

be moderate and hand weeding was only practiced for weed management. Equipment,

irrigation, power supply, improved seeds and transfer of technology were the main



requirements of farmers. However, the average yield of the district was moderate 30-35q/ha.

The economic status of the farmers was found to be good in the district. In regard to biotic

stresses, leaf blast, brown spot, false smut, leaf folders and rice bug were reported in traces.

Khaira disease was recorded in few pockets in the surveyed area. .Adoption of plant

protection measures was noted to be very poor less than 15 % for the management of pest.

Incidence of diseases and pests in Madhya Pradesh during kharif, 2010

Districts Diseases

LB BS Shbl BB Khaira FS GD

Rewa T M - M T M

Satna T M - M T M

Sidhi T S - - M T T

Shahdol T M T T M M M

Panna T M T T L T T

Katni T M - T M T M

Umaria M M T T M T M

Anooppur M M T - M M M


WBPH GLH AW CW LF SB RB Rat

Rewa M T M T M T T T

Satna M T M T M T T T

Sidhi M T S T M T T M

Shahdol M T T T T T T T

Panna T - M T T T T T

Katni T - M T T T T T

Umaria T T T M M T T T

Anooppur M - M M M T T -



Maharashtra District surveyed :

Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg


District Taluqs Villages

Thane Murbad, Shahapur, Bhivandi,

Wada, Jawahar, Mokhada,

Palghar, Talasari, Dahanu,

Vikramgad, Kalayan,

Ambarnath

Saralgaon, Shivle, dhasai, Navdichapada,

Sakhare, Kadampada, Dhile, Shedharun,

Khutghar, Lenad-budruk, Ayyani, lavele,

Lapkhurd, Kashiwali, Zidke, Kaman,

Shrvali, Nichole, Palsai, Konsai, dakhiwali,

sangenane, saravali, Mahim, Katipada,

Kelveroad, dundalwadi, Jamseth,

Jambugaon, Bordi,Vangaon, Kengawa,

Vilsen, Malwada, Doharje Nayahale,

Nandgaon, Randegadi, Ankharpada,

Shiroshi, Morchondi, Padsule, Sutarpada,

Mohoda, Pardichimet, vadavali,

Kurze,Yeve, Malgaon, Titawla.

Raigad Karjat, Panvel, Pen, Khalapur,

Sudhagad - pali, Uran,

Mangaon, Alibag, Tala,

Mhasala, Shrivardhan, Mahad,

Poladpur, Murud

Jambhiwali, Vadap, Posari, Kundalaj,

Sapele, Mharkewad, Takve Tambati,

Naringi, Mahd Kharpada, Kalamsure,

Vadkhal, Gadab, Uran, Chirner, Koproli,

Khopte, Punade Pargaon, Apta, Gulsundhe,

Shahabaj, Vagholi, Sutarpada, Borli

Mandala, Athimghar, Rabgaon, Pali,

Chille, Khamb Gove, Nilaj, Indapur,

Kashele, Umroli, Talashet, Mangaon,

Nijampur, Repoli, Tlenaon, Nigadi,

Mhasala, Ranwade, Nagroli, Shrivardhan,

Vadavali, Hareshwar Mahad, Panchad,

Tmghar, Poladpur, Kashedi

Ratnagiri Ratnagiri, Lanja, Chiplun,

Guhaghar, Khed, Dapoli,

Mandangad, Rajapur,

Sangameshwar.

Karanjani, Talsure, Wakawali Tetawali,

Natunagar, Khavti, Bharne, Vetalwadi,

Lavel, Shirgaon, Awashi, Alore, Pethmap,

Kurdunda, Nevare, Ganeshgad,

Hatkhamba, Shirgaon, Kasarveli,

Kotawade, Asbhe, lanja, Bhavane. Kondye,

Kumbharwadi, Panhale, Rajapur,

Kondhetal, Nivali, Yadavwadi, Ozarkhol,

Dhamni, Golawale, Surlepat, Shenale,

Budhawadi Kumbhale

Sindhudurg Kudal,Vengurla, Sawantwadi,

Kankawali, Vaibhavwadi,

Dodamarg,Deogad

Vengurla, Vetore, Hodawade, Tulas,

Hodawade, Talege, Babarwadi, Barvade,

Gawadewadi, Guravwadi, Hirlock Zarap,

humarmal, Salgaon, Hinguli, Bibwane,

KunkeriBanda, Naveli, Zorbabar, Bedsi,

Palye, Umbarde, Nandawade, Vaibhavwadi

Mahalunge, Burbawade and Deogad




Districts Varieties

Raigad HYV: Ratna, Karjat-3, KJT-7, Jaya, Gujart 17, Ratna, G4, KJT 184, KJT

104, Panvel-1, Panvel-3, MTU 1010, Jayi, Suwarna , HMT sona, G-1,

Zinia-63, G-11, Palghur; Hybrid: Sahyadri, Rupali, Komal, Loknath,

RH-10, Hybrid-1, Sahyadri-2, Sahyadri-3, Karjat; Local : Botvel, Mhadi,

Dandi.

Sindhudurg HYV : Jaya, Sonam, Ratna, Swarna, Madan, Masuri, RTN-711, RTN-24,

RTN-1, Surya, KJT-3, HMT sona, Ruchira, Pusa sugndha; Hybrid:

Sahyadri, PA6444, Sahyadri-3, Suruchi, ProAgro, Komal, PA6201,

Gorakhnath, Sahyadri-2, RTN-2, JK seed; Local: Valai, Bela, Patni,

Bhadas, Ghausal.

Thane HYV: Jaya, G 11, G17, Palghar-1, KJT-3, Kolam, Rupali, G 4, Ratna,

KJT-5, Pepali, G 17, Sweta, PLG-1, Sonam, MTU1010, Swarna, Mangal,

KJT-184, PA-6201, HMST-sona; Hybrid: Sahyadri, Sahyadri-4,

Sahyadri-3, Kalyani; Local: Kolam, Kolamb, EK 70

Rantnagiri HYV: Palghar-1, Ratna, Swarna, RTH 711, Karjat-3, Ratnagiri-1, Jaya,

Suruchi, RTN-24, RTN-2, KJT-5, Gujrat-11, Sahyadri-2, KJT-2, Karjat,

Masuri, HMT-soana, G-4, KJT-4, KJT-7, RTH-1, Gujrat, Trupti; Hybrid:

Sahyadri, Sahyadri-3, Sahyadri-1, Sahyadri-2, PA6444, Sahyadri-4,

PA6201, Pusa RH-10, Komal; Local : EK 70, Kolamb, Bela, Patni,

Bhadus, Zinni, Bhuranata.

Particulars of rice area

Districts Total Rice area (ha) Irrigated area (ha) Area Planted (ha)

Raigad 120800 8500 120800

Thane 135460 2620 135460

Sindhudurg 77150 110 74150

Ratnagiri 74771 4155 74771

Production oriented survey for Maharashtra was conducted in all four districts viz.,

Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg of the Konkan region during Kharif 2010, when the

rice crop was in dough to maturity stage. The survey was carried out during October 2010.

Officers from the State Department of Agriculture, subject matter specialist from Krishi

Vigyan Kendra Kosbad Hill, Thane were also participated in survey in their respective

tahsils. Ninety per cent of the farmers of Sindhudurg District grow Hybrid varieties of rice.

The regular monsoon rains were commenced on 5th

June 2010. In general the weather

conditions were ideal for the rice crop growth up to dough stage of grain / maturity. There

were heavy rains in the month of November caused heavy losses in grain yield up to 30% in

the region. In some areas the grains were germinated on panicles in the fields before harvest.

In some places harvested rice crop were fully dipped in water for two to three days resulted in

germination of grain in the fields. The late rains also reduce the quality of grains,

germinability of Grains and the quality of straw. This may result in scarcity of seed in the

region during Kharif 2011. Due to heavy and delay rains in the month of November resulted

delay in harvesting of rice crop. In the Konkan region Kharif rice is grown as rain fed crop.

Most of the formers of this region grown high yielding varieties viz., Karjat-3, Karjat-2,

Karjat-184, Karjat-4, Karjat-5, Karjat-6, Karjat 7, Ratna, Jaya,Ratnagiri-2, Ratnagiri-24,

Ratnagiri-1, Ratnagiri-711, Palghar-1, Gujarat-4, Gujarat 11, Gujarat-17, Phondaghat-1,



Sonam, Shriram, Swarna, Sweta, Trupti, Pusa RG-10,Mahsuri, HMT Sona and hybrids like

Sahyadri, Sahyadri-2, Sahyadri-3, PA-6444 & PA6201. The varieties such as Jaya and

Sahyadri are mostly grown for puff rice. The varieties viz Panvel-1, Panvel- 2, Panvel -

3,Jaya,Kalarata and Bhurarata were grown in saline soil. Local varieties like Kolamb, Zinni,

Bhadas, Patni, Bela, Valai EK- 70 etc. were also grown by some farmers for their home

consumption. Total yield level of this district was higher than the other districts of Konkan.

Most of the farmers of this region were sub marginal & marginal. They depend mainly on

their own seed stock, while progressive farmers depend on government agencies including

Z.P. Argil. Department and Research Station of Argil. Universities for seed requirement. The

seed replacement ratio in the region was satisfactory and more than 90 percent farmers

replaced their seeds of improved varieties after every three years. The seed replacement ratio

was maximum up to 90 % in Sindhudurg district for hybrids.

Prevailing crop rotation in the region were Rice-fallow, Rice-Pulses, Rice-groundnut,

Rice-Rice, Rice-Vegetables were the mostly adapted cropping patterns by the farmers.

Farmers use maximum seed rate for local varieties @ 80 to 90 kg/ha, 50 to 60 kg/ha for high

yielding varieties and 20 kg /ha for hybrids. Farmers were aware of importance of FYM or

organic manure but it was not available inadequate quantity. Farmers knew the importance of

chemical fertilizers and applied in nursery as well as in main crop. Urea was most commonly

used by the farmers and very few were used Suphala (15:15:15) & fertilizer mixture. None of

the farmer using soil amendment materials. There were no community nursery activities in

the region. Farmers raised seedlings in their individual nursery depending on the well or river

irrigation. About 90 per cent farmers adapted random transplanting while 20 per cent farmers

followed either line transplanting or rahu (sowing of germinated seed) sowing. Average plant

population was 25 to 33 hills/sq.m. with 3 to 7 seedlings / hill and 1 to 2 seedlings / hill in

case of hybrids and locally called as ‘Ek Kadi Bhat’. In the month of April and May, farmers

practiced the burning of respective area before nursery preparation and application of organic

matter (Kaul dry grass, and thin layer of dung cakes) known as ‘Rab’ most widely adapted in

the region for weed management in nursery. Hand weeding was a common practice adopted

in the region for removal of weed in rice nursery as well as in main fields. Only few

progressive farmers use selective weedicide for weed management in drilled rice. Commonly

observed weeds in the region viz. Echinochloa crusgallis,E. colonum, Cynadon

dactilon,Cyperus rotundus, C. irria, Iseilema globusa, Daunea pinnatifolia,Digitearea

arvensis, Alternathra triandra, Cylosia argentina,Ericaulon hexagularis,Physalis

minima,Commelena bengalensis.Hydrocotyle spp. The initial incidence of bacterial leaf

blight started on 3/9/2010 and disease spread rapidly on large area within a week by

10/9/2010. There was epidemic in the villages of Karjat, Khalapur, Pen, Uran talukas of

Raigad district. The incidence of BLB caused reduction in total number of effective tillers/hill

with less number of filled grains /panicle. Approximately up to 30 % losses in yields were

recorded. The diseases like leaf blast, bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight false smut, neck

blast, and sheath rot were noticed during survey. There were combined infection of BLB and

neck blast observed in some villages of Bhiwandi, and vikramgad talukas of Thane District.

Heavy infection of Leaf blast, Node blast, Neck blast, & Grain blast were observed on Wild

rice locally called as’ Deo bhat’ grown around the ponds in Thane District. This may serve as

primary source of inoculum of blast. Incidence of sheath rot and false smut were observed in

Sindhudurg district only on hybrids. Most of the farmers had their own plant protection

equipments and only few number of farmers adopted control measures to manage these

diseases. Stem borer, Brown plant hopper, Case warm, leaf folder and ear head bug were

observed at low to moderate intensities. Stem borer (8 to 10%) infection were observed in

Thane and Raigad district. In general, the damage due to crabs was low to moderate level in



nursery and in transplanted rice. Rat damage was observed during milky to dough stage.

There were up to 5% losses during transportation after harvest during transportation of rice

crop and 1 to 2% losses during storage. Farmers were in need of hybrid seeds at subsidy

rates, power transplanters, harvesters, threshers (due to shortage of laborers), sprayers,

dusters, drum seeder and cono weeder on low cost basis. They were also in need of fertilizers,

pesticides, weedicides at proper time at subsidy rates, crop loans at low interest rate and

training on the use of weedicides.

Raigad: Production oriented survey for Kharif 2010 was conducted in fifty three villages of

fifteen taluks when the most of the rice fields were in milky, dough to maturity stage.

Altogether 32 farmers were contacted for collecting information of different aspects of rice

cultivation in this region. Most of the farmers contacted were marginal. The climatic

conditions were not very favourable for rice cultivation during kharif season of 2010. Excess

rain during harvest hit the rice crop badly in many parts of this region. Most of the farmers

took one rice crop in year and farmers used 85-95% of their land for rice cultivation. The

main crop rotations were rice- filed bean, rice – cowpea, rice –radish and rice-fallow. The

most popular varieties in the region were Ratna, Karjat-3, KJT-7, Jaya, Gujart 17, Ratna, G4,

KJT 184, KJT 104, Panvel-1, Panvel-3, MTU 1010, Jaya, Swarna, HMT sona, G-1, Zinia-63,

G-11, Palghur, Sahyadri, Rupali, Komal, Loknath, RH-10, Hybrid-1, Sahyadri-2, Sahyadri-3,

Karjat and local varieties like Botvel, Mhadi and Dandi. During kharif season, the average

rice yield was varied from 3200 to 4800 kg/ha in varieties like KJT 3, G 17, KJT 184, Ratna

and Jaya, 3900 to 5300 kg/ha in Karjat. In the rabi season, 4500 to 5000 kg/ha in Karjat, KJT

– 3, 3500 to 4200 kg/ha in KJT 183 and Ratna and 800 kg/ha in local varieties. The optimum

time of sowing and transplanting was first week of June’10 and middle of July’10

respectively. The average seed rates followed by the farmers was 50-60 kg/ha in case of

HYVs and about 20 kg/ha in case of hybrids and 70 - 80 kg in case of local varieties. In the

nursery, many farmers applied 3 to 5 kg of urea and 130 - 200 kg/ha of FYM. In the main

fields, fertilizers were applied @ 30 kg N/ha, 15-30 kg P2O5/ha and 15-30 kg K2O/ha as basal

and 25-60 kg N/ha as top dressing (2 splits). Some of the farmers applied fertilizer mixture

like Suphala (15: 15: 15). Many of the farmers did not apply P2O5 and K2O. Most of the

farmers adopted line transplanting and the average plant population was 27-33 hills/m2. The

intensity of weeds was low to medium and the common weeds were Echinochloa crusgalli,

E. colona, Iseilema rugosum, Cyperus rotundus, C. iria, Cynodon dactylon, Ischaemum sp

and dhur (local weed). Among the surveyed farmers only one farmer applied a weedicide

(sathi) @ 0.5 kg/ha. Even though low and medium infestation of weeds were observed, none

of the farmers practiced hand weeding. The inputs like pesticides, fertilizers, drying and

storage facilities, power for different agricultural operations, water were inadequate in most

of the places. Only seeds were available to the farmers. The main sources of seeds were

Private shops, Mahabij, Agricultural Research Station while the main sources of fertilizers

were Agro Service Centres and Krishi Utpanna Bazar Samitee. The common needs of the

farmers were supply of pesticides, weedicides and fertilizers at low cost, crop loan at low

interest, seed driller, bullock pair and plough, oil engine, hybrid seeds at proper time and at

subsidized rate. Farmers also wanted implements like paddy threshers and harvester, power

tiller, cono weeders, sickles and sprayers on hire basis. Farmers were emphasized on the need

of training on weedicide application. Heavy incidence of bacterial leaf blight was observed

(50 %). Among the insect pests, low to moderate level of stem borer infection was observed

and low incidence of leaf folder. Some of the farmers sprayed chemicals like phorate 10G (10

kg/ha), monocrotophos @ 750 ml/ha against leaf folder infection and endosulfan 35 EC @

700 ml/ha for the control of case worm. Regarding the losses in the post harvest 15 to 20 %



of the losses were reported during harvest and 1- 2 % occurred during threshing, handling/

cleaning and storage.

Thane: Production oriented survey was conducted in 41 villages belongs to 12 taluks. At the

time of survey most of the rice fields were dough to maturity stage. Regarding climatic

conditions, excess rainfall was received during harvest stage. Farmers practiced one rice crop

in a year and the crop rotation was rice- vegetables (okra, bringal, field bean, chickpea, chilli

and cabbage). The predominant varieties cultivated by the farmers were high yielding

varieties like Jaya, G 11, G17, Palghar-1, KJT-3, Kolam, Rupali, G 4, Ratna, KJT-5, Pepali,

G 17, Sweta, PLG-1, Sonam, MTU1010, Swarna, Mangal, KJT-184, PA-6201, HMST-sona,

hybrids like Sahyadri, Sahyadri-4, Sahyadri-3, Kalyani and local varieties like Kolam,

Kolamb and EK 70. The average rice yield in the district during Kharif season was 2250-

2560 kg/ha in Ratna, 2460 to 2600 Kg/ha sahayadri in Jaya; 2200 to 2700 kg/ha in G-11,

3000 to 3700 in KJT-3, 2300-2700 in Rupali, PLG, Valai and Swarna. During Rabi season

the yield was 2700-9000 kg/ha in shayadri, mahyco and 600 to 850 kg/ha in local varieties

like methi and konkansadabha. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was middle

June to middle of July. The average seed rate was 50 – 60 kg/ha for high yielding varieties,

20 kg/ha for hybrids and 90 kg/ha for local varieties. Most of the farmers applied FYM 50 to

200 kg/ha in the nursery area along with 2 to 4 kg of urea. The farmers applied fertilizers @

25-40 kg N/ha 15 kg P2O5 /ha and 15 kg K2O as basal and 15 to 20 kg of N in 1st split; 10 to

30 kg of N in 2nd

split and urea in 1st split; 10 to 30 kg of N in 2

nd split and urea fertilizer

mixture or suphala 15:15:15 in 3rd

split. Among the surveyed farmers only 10% of the

farmers applied P & K. Line or random method of transplanting was followed with the plant

density of 25-31 No/m2. Weed infestation was low to medium and the commonly prevalent

weeds are Echhinochloa crusgalli, Cyperns rotundus, Digitaria arvensis, Cylosia, argentinr,

Alternanthera triandra, Dannea sp, Iseilema sp Commelena bengalensis and Jungle rice.

None of the farmers used weedecides and they are in need of training on usage of weedicides.

Most of the inputs were either inadequate or not available. Seeds were purchased from

Agricultural research station, Agroservice centre, Panchayat Samittee, NGO group and Aspee

farm. Fertilizers were met from private shop and Agroservice centre. The common needs of

the farmers in this district included availability of fertilizers, pesticides and hybrid seeds in

the specified time and availability of storage bin paddy harvester thresher on hired basis.

Some farmers showed interest to get trained in improved cultivation. Blast, neck blast, grain

discolouation and bacterial leaf blight were recorded wherein blast and neck blast incidence

was low to severe (2 to 30%), bacterial blight and grain discolouration was low to medium

intensity. COC @ 2.5g/lt was used to manage blast and neck blast. Among the pests, stem

borer, leaf folder and caseworm infection was observed as low to medium intensities and low

intensity of mite and rice ear head bug. In addition rat damage was observed between low to

medium level. Insecticides like endosulfan 35EC @ 250 ml/ha and monocrotopohos 36 EC

@ 700-100 ml/1.5lt was used against caseworm and earhead bug and phorate 10G @ 10

kg/ha was used against stem borer. Post harvest losses to the extent of 12 to 20% was

reported the time of harvest itself and 1 to 3% was reported in threshing, cleaning and storage

process.

Sindhudurg: Twenty eight villages in seven taluks were covered for production oriented

survey during the crop season of 2010. The rice crops were at dough to maturity stage at the

time of survey. The climatic conditions were not favourable for rice cultivation and there

were reports of excessive rainfall at the time of harvest. The main cropping sequences in the

district were rice-rice, rice – horse gram, rice-mung bean, rice-ground nut, rice-vegetables



(leafy vegetables), rice-cowpea, rice-field bean and rice-fallow. The main varieties cultivated

in this district were Jaya, Sonam, Ratna, Swarna, Madan, Masuri, RTN-711, RTN-24, RTN-

1, Surya, KJT-3, HMT sona, Ruchira, Pusa sugndha, Sahyadri, PA6444, Sahyadri-3, Suruchi,

Proagro, Komal, PA6201, Gorakhnath, Sahyadri-2, RTN-2, JK seed, Valai, Bela, Patni,

Bhadas, Ghansal. The average rice yield in the region was ranged from 3000- 4500 kg/ha in

varieties like Sahyadri, Masuri, Proagro, HMT- sona, Suruchi, Komal, 2100 to 2500 kg/ha in

varieties like Jaya, Bhadas and Valai. Farmers sowed rice varieties in the 1st week June and

transplanted in the 1st week of July, 2009. Farmers used un-germinated seeds for sowing. The

average seed rate was 50-60 kg/ha in case of HYVs, 20 kg/ha in case of hybrids and about 80

kg/ha in case of local varieties. Most of the farmers applied urea and FYM @ 100-180 kg/ha,

2 to 4 kg of urea and some farmers applied even 2 kg of P2O5 in the nursery. In the main

fields, in addition to FYM, farmers applied 25-50 kg N/ha, 10-50 kg P2O5/ha and 15-50 kg

K2O/ha as basal and 25-60 kg N/ha as top dressing (2 splits). Farmers used fertilizers like

urea, Suphala (15:15:15), SSP and MOP. In general, the method of transplanting was random,

though some of the farmers followed line transplanting. The average plant population was 27-

32 hills/m2. In general, the intensity of weeds like Echinochloa colona, E. crusgalli, Iseilema

spp., Cyperus rotundus, C. iria, Cyanodan dactylon, Cylosia sp and dhur (local name) was

moderate to high. None of the farmers applied any weedicides and hand weeding was the

primary method of weed management. Most of the inputs like agricultural equipments, seeds,

water, power for different agricultural operations, fertilizers, pesticides, drying and storage

facilities were either inadequate or not available. The common needs of the farmers were

crop insurance, easy crop loan at low interest rates, subsidized fertilizers, small implements at

subsidized rates, hybrid seeds, knapsack sprayers, paddle threshers, vaibhab sickle, cono

weeder and implements like power tiller and harvester on hire basis. Some of the farmers

wanted to know more or hands on training on weed management. Among the biotic

constraints the diseases like sheath rot, false smut and bacterial leaf blight and pests like stem

borer and were low and army worm incidence was moderate. In addition to that rat and crab

damage (10 %) was also reported in the nursery areas. Some of the farmers applied phorate

10G (10 kg/ha) for stem borer and malathion (1l/ha) for rice bugs, monocrotophos @ 750

ml/ha for leaf folder and endosulfan @ 700 ml/ ha for caseworm. About 10 to 28 % loss was

recorded at the time of harvesting in many of the surveyed places due to heavy rain at the

time of harvesting.

Ratnagiri: Thirty seven villages in 9 taluks were surveyed for production oriented survey in

this district. Majority of the farmers were marginal. Most of the rice fields were in dough to

maturity stage. Heavy rain was observed during harvest in many places and in some places

flood was reported. In many cases, grains germinated in the panicle due to heavy rains at the

time of harvest. Most of the farmers took one rice crop in a year and used 80-90% of their

land for rice cultivation. The predominant cropping sequences were rice- dolichos bean, rice-

groundnut, rice – mustard and rice – horsegram. The predominant rice varieties cultivated in

this region were Palghar-1, Ratna, Swarna, RTH 711, Karjat-3, Ratnagiri-1, Jaya, Suruchi,

RTN-24, RTN-2, KJT-5, Gujrat-11, Sahyadri-2, KJT-2, Karjat, Masuri, HMT-sona, G-4,

KJT-4, KJT-7, RTH-1, Gujarat, Trupati, Sahyadri, Sahyadri-3, Sahyadri-1, Sahyadri-2,

PA6444, Sahyadri-4, PA6201, Pusa RH-10, Komal, EK 70, Kolamb, Bela, Patni, Bhadus,

Zinni, Bhuranata. The average rice yields in the district ranged from 4000 to 4500 kg/ha in

varieties like Jaya and Swarna, 3200-4000 kg/ha in varieties like Ratna, Ratnagiri, Karjat 3,

Swarna, and 1700-1800 kg/ha in local varieties like Bhadas and Kolamb. The optimum time

of sowing period was 4th

week of may to 2nd

week of june and transplanting was done

between 1st to 4

th week of july. The average seed rate was 50-60 kg/ha in case of HYVs and



about 20 kg/ha in case of hybrids and 75 to 90 kg for local varieties. Farmers practiced

burning of the organic matter in the nursery beds which was known as ‘Rab’ and applied 2-3

kg of urea and 40 to 120 kg of FYM. In the main fields the farmers applied FYM @ 150-400

kg/ha. Fertilizers were applied @ 20-30 kg N/ha, 15-30 kg P2O5/ha and 15-30 kg K2O/ha as

basal and 30 to 45 kg/ha as top dressing (2 splits). Most of the surveyed farmers did not apply

any phosphorus and potassic fertilizers. Method of planting was random though some of the

farmers adopted line transplanting especially for hybrids. The average plant population was

26-32 hills/m2. Weeds like Cyperus rotundus, Cylosia argentina, Echinochloa colona,

Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria spp., Commelena bengalensis, Ericaulon hexagularis,

Physalis minima, Iseilema spp and dhur (local name) was moderate to high. None of the

farmers used any chemical herbicides and hand weeding was the main method of weed

management. Farmers reported the scarcity of important inputs like seeds and fertilizers in

many places. Other inputs like agricultural implements, water, power for different

agricultural operations, pesticides, drying and storage facilities were either inadequate or not

available. The common needs of the farmers were timely availability of hybrid seeds and

fertilizers at a subsidized rate, crop insurance, agricultural implements like paddle threshers,

power operated threshers and sprayers and heavy agricultural implements like power tiller on

hire basis. Some of the farmers also wanted training on SRI technique and weed control.

Among the diseases blast and neck blast was observed in low to moderate and bacterial leaf

streak in low intensity. The intensity of stem borer, leaf folder, leaf hopper and rice bugs was

low to moderate. In addition, low to moderate level of rat and crab damage was reported.

Some of the farmers applied fungicides like COC (in nursery) and hexaconazole for

managing leaf blast diseases. They also used pesticides like phorate 10G @ 10 kh/ha and

monocrotophos against stem borer, malathion against rice ear head bug, endosulfan 35 EC

against caseworm. Up to 30% post harvest losses were reported at the time of harvest.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Maharashtra

District

Diseases prevalence Insect pest prevalence

BL

NB

L

SH

R

GD

FS

BL

B

SB

LF

BP

H

CW

AW

Raigad - - - - - S*

L-M L - - --

Ratnagiri L-M L-M L - L L L L- M L- M L- M

Sindhudurg - - L - L L-M L M-S L - M

Thane L-S M-S - L-M L M-S L-M L-M - L -

* Epidemic was reported



Orissa

Districts surveyed:

Barogarh and Sambalpur


Districts Taluqs/Blocks Villages

Barogarh Barogarh, Barapali, Bhatti and

Attabira

Nuasarsara, Kattatikra, Phulapali, Umalpali

and Chhandapali

Sambalpur Maneswar and Dhanakauda Putipali, chhachanpali, Sahaspur, Matti,

Sajabahal and Garmunda


Districts Varieties

Barogarh Swarna, MTU-1001, Rajlaxmi, Puja

Sambalpur MTU-1010, MTU-1001, Swarna, Puja and Pratikshya

Particulars of rice area

Districts Total rice area (ha) Irrigated area (ha) Area planted (ha)

Barogarh 3,05,440 1,33,330 2,44,040

Sambalpur 1,51,330 55,750 1,31,140

Particulars of weather data in the districts surveyed

Districts Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Barogarh

Rainy days 9 16 15 10 3 1 1

Total rainfall (mm) 205.6 397.2 374.4 222.6 52.8 10.4 5.1

Sambalpur

Rainy days 10 26 22 16 9 4

Total rainfall (mm) 259.2 337.6 246.3 106.3 91.6 6.3

Monthly

mean

temperature

Maximum 41 33 34 34 33 31

Minimum 28 24 24 24 21 18

In Orissa, production oriented survey (pos) was conducted in 2 districts viz, Barogarh and

Sambalpur. The weather condition during the crop growth period was normal. The survey

was conducted during maturity stages of the crop. Prevalent rice varieties grown by the

farmers were MTU-1010, MTU-1001, Swarna, Pooja, Rajlaxmi, and Pratikshya. The crop

rotations practiced by the farmers were rice-mustard-rice, rice- rice-fallow and rice-

vegetable-rice. The use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were followed

by the farmers though they have not followed the recommendations. Major biotic stresses like

blast, sheath blight, sheath rot and BLB were recorded in low to moderate intensities.

Common insect pest problems in low intensity were stem borer, leaf folder, brown plant



hopper (BPH) and WBPH. Some of the common needs of the farmers were availability of

labor, timely availability of fertilizers and pesticides, irrigation water, marketing, good

storage facility and quality seeds.


Barogarh: Seven farmers in five villages in this district were contacted for production

oriented survey in this district. One survey was taken up during end of Nov, 2010 when the

crops were in maturity stage. The climatic conditions were normal. Farmers in this region

generally cultivate two rice crops in a year. The main crop rotation was rice-rice-fallow. Most

predominant varieties in this region were Swarna, MTU-1001, Rajlaxmi, and Pooja. The

average rice yield in the district ranged from 4200-5400 kg/ha in Kharif and 5500-6750 kg/ha

in Rabi season. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was 23 June to 3 July and 27

July to 31 July. Farmers used germinated seeds for raising the seedlings and the average seed

rate was 30-35 kg/Acre. In the nursery beds, some farmers applied moderate to sufficient

quantity of FYM/compost. In addition, some of the farmers used urea, DAP and MOP

fertilizers in nursery. In the main fields, farmers applied 90-110 Kg urea/acre, 25 Kg

DAP/acre and 35-45 Kg MOP/acre as basal and top dressing. Few farmers used growmore

(50 kg/acre) also. One of the farmers contacted also applied Amrit (Vitamin). Transplanting

was random and plant density ranged from 55-60 plants/m2. The intensity of weed infestation

was low and the common weeds were Sunsunia, ganja, panaptri, ganthialatar. Sujialota,

Dhera, Mirmira, Phadaphadi and ghantiklota. Some of the farmers applied sathi (1L/4acre),

Refit (1L/acre), butachlor (0.5 ml/litre), Almix (1L/4acre) and Delchlor (0.5 ml/L) for the

management of weeds. Low occurrence of weedy rice was encountered in some farmer’s

field. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation were adequate. The only demand of the farmers

was availability of labor, timely availability of fertilizers and pesticides, good storage facility

and quality seeds. Among the diseases, sheath blight in low to moderate intensity and low

intensity of blast, sheath rot and BLB was recorded mainly in swarna and MTU1001

cultivars. The insect pests recorded were BPH, WBPH stem borer and leaf folder in low

intensity. Most of the farmers adopted plant protection measures and they used hand sprayer

and knapsack sprayer for applying different pesticides. Farmers applied Sheathmar (2m/L)

for sheath blight, kitagin (2g/L) or tricyclazole (200g/acre) or Fuji-one(1.5ml/L) for blast,

phorate (5 kg/acre) or trip (2ml/L) or chloropyriphos + cypermethrin (2ml/L) or

monocrotophos (2ml/L) or cartap hydrochloride (5 kg/acre) for stem borer and applaud

(1.5ml/L) or prophenophos (2ml/L) or buprofezin (1.5ml/L) or imidacloroprid (1ml/7.5L) or

acephate (500 g/acre) for BPH . The post harvest loss was negligible.

Sambalpur: Six villages in two taluqs were covered for production oriented survey in this

district. The climatic condition was normal. One survey was undertaken in this district during

the second week of November when the crops were in maturity stage. Farmers used their land

mainly for rice, mustard and vegetables cultivation. The main crop rotations followed were

rice-mustard-rice, rice- rice-fallow and rice-vegetable-rice. The predominant varieties were

MTU-1010, MTU-1001, Swarna, Puja and Pratikshya. The average rice yield in the district

ranged from 1000-5813 kg/ha in Kharif and 3000-6563 kg/ha in Rabi season. The optimum

time of sowing and transplanting were 23 June-3 July and 25 July-7 August, respectively.

Farmers used a seed rate (germinated seeds) of 30-35 kg/acre for raising the seedlings. Most

of the farmers applied moderate to sufficient quantity of FYM in the nursery beds. In

addition, they applied urea, MOP, DAP fertilizers in the bed. In the main fields, farmers

applied growmore (50kg/acre), urea (25-55 kg/acre), DAP (35-50 Kg/acre), MOP (20-



40Kg/acre) as basal and top dressing. Transplanting was random and the average plant

density was 55-65 plants/m2. The intensity of weeds was low to medium and the common

weeds were Phadaphadi, Sunsunia, Dhera, Mirmira, and Panaptti. Some of the farmers

applied weedicides like butachlor/delchlor/pretilachlor (1 litre/acre) and Almix (8g/acre) for

the management of weeds. Most of the inputs were available except there were problems of

storage facility, marketing, availability of labor and irrigation water. Among the biotic

constraints, diseases like blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot in low intensity and

BLB in medium to low intensity were recorded. Among the insect, stem borer, leaf folder and

BPH in low intensity were recorded. Most of the farmers adopted plant protection measures

and they used spraying equipments like knapsack sprayers, hand sprayers and foot sprayers.

Farmers applied tricyclazole (200 g/acre) or Fuji-one(1.5ml/L) for neck blast and leaf blast,

sheathmar (2 ml/L) for sheath blight, sreptocycline (6g/acre) for BLB, furadan (7-8Kg/acre)

or chloropyriphos (700 ml/acre) or phorate (5 kg/acre) or quinalphos (400ml/acre) for stem

borer, buprofezin (1L/3acre) or imidacloroprid (1 ml/7.5L) or monocrotophos (400ml/acre)

for BPH. Post harvest loss was nil.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Orissa

Districts Diseases Insect pests

BL SHBL SHR BLB SB LF BPH WBPH

Boragarh L L-M L L L L L L

Sambalpur L L L - L L L -



Puducherry – 1 District Surveyed :

Districts Surveyed:

Puducherry and Yanam

District Villages Surveyed

Puducherry Madagadipet, Thirubuvani, Thiruvandarkoil, Kariamanikam, Maducarai,

Sooramangalam, Thirukanur, Mannadipet, Bahour, Seliamedu, Aranganur,

Parikalpattu, Kuruvinatham

Yanam France Thippa, Kanakalpet, Mettacur and Darial Thippa

District Varieties

Puducherry CR 1009, I.White Ponni, PY-4, PY-7 (Annalakshmi), TRY-1, ADT-39, ASD-

18, ADT 43, TRY-2, BPT 5204.

Yanam Swarna (MTU-7029), Samba Mahsuri (BPT 5204), Cotton dora Sannalu

(MTU-1010), Vijetha (MTU 1001), Bondalua (MTU 3626)

Production Oriented Survey was conducted in two regions of the Union Territory of

Puducherry viz., Puducherry and Yanam. Puducherry region is situated about 160 km south

of Chennai. Yanam region is situated on the East Coast of Andhra Pradesh bounded on all

sides by the East Godavari District at a distance of 870 kms from Puducherry. The popular

varieties in Puducherry region are CR 1009, I.White Ponni, ADT 39 and ADT 43 and that of

Yanam region are Swarna (MTU 7029), Cotton dora Sannalu (MTU 1010), Samba Mahsuri

(BPT 5204) and Bondalu (MTU 3626). The main cropping sequences in these regions were

rice-rice-rice and rice-rice-pulses. Canals, wells, tanks and filter points were the main sources

of irrigation. Among the inputs, seeds, pesticides and fertilisers were adequate. Machineries

like combine harvester and transplanter were in use in Puducherry region while the same

were not in use in Yanam region. But, the same shall be put into use if awareness is created

among the farmers by means of demonstrations. Drying and storage facilities were also

inadequate. The use of phosphatic and potassic fertilisers was satisfactory but some farmers

applied excess nitrogenous fertilisers. Straight fertilisers, DAP, 17:17:17, 20:20 and 28:28

were used by majority of farmers. Among diseases, sheath rot, sheath blight and BLB were

low to moderate and other diseases were found in low intensities. Among insect pests, leaf

folder and stem borer were observed in low to moderate in Puducherry region and severe in

Yanam region.

Puducherry: In Puducherry region rice is grown in 14,203 hectares. Thirteen villages were

covered for production oriented survey in this region. The varieties like I.White Ponni, CR

1009, ADT 39 and ADT 43 occupied larger areas in this region. This year rainfall was

continuous starting from the month of June. It was moderate during July and there was heavy

down pour during June, August, September, October, November and December. This has

resulted in yield loss upto 20%. The average rice yields were 5.5 t/ha. In this region the entire

area was grown with bore wells. Direct seeding was practiced in some areas using drum

seeder. SRI method of cultivation with wider spacing of 22.5 x 22.5 cm, planting of young

(14 days) and single seedling and conoweeder usage were practiced in 18% of the rice area.

Rice-Rice-Rice is the cropping system followed. Farmers generally used higher seed rate of

40 Kg/ha. Optimum plant population of 40 to 50 hills/m2 was maintained in rice fields. In

SRI cultivation, about 10 kg/ha seed alone was used. Some farmers have registered



themselves as seed growers with the seed certification agency and produced foundation

seeds/certified seeds. A few farmers only applied the recommended level of fertiliser dosage

150:60:60 kg NPK/ha. Inputs like seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and plant protection

equipments were available. Proper facilities for drying and storage were not available in

many villages. The transplanter, combine harvester and thresher were used in many places.

Farmers come forward to use the transplanter in most of the areas because of high wages and

non availability of labour. Common weeds in the rice fields were Marsilia quadirfoliata,

Echinocloa crusgalli and cyperus sp. Hand weeding was commonly followed. In addition,

some farmers applied weedicides like butachlor @ 2.5 lit/ha for weed control. Moderate

incidence (5-10%) of leaf folder and stem borer was reported. The other pest population

found in this area was green leaf hopper, BPH and thrips. Farmers used chlorpyriphos,

monocrotophos and profenphos for insect control. Among the diseases, blast, bacterial leaf

blight and sheath rot were found in low to moderate levels and farmers applied carbendazim

and mancozeb for disease control. Fresh cow dung spray @ 20% was practiced for disease

control. Farmers were adopting integrated pest management methods. More than 50%

farmers applied only neem pesticides. Farmers also adopt bio agents viz., Trichogramma

chilonis and Trichogramma japonicum to control insect pests viz., leaf folder and stem borer

respectively. Plant protection equipments were adequately available for rice cultivation.

The major requirements of farmers were:

The Agricultural labourers to be well defined for extending the benefit of insurance without

any deviation.

The crop insurance to be implemented for individual farmer and not for a specified area /

locality.

Yanam: In Yanam region rice is being cultivated in an area of about 270 hectares in Kharif,

250 hectares in rabi and 90 hectares as dry paddy. The survey was conducted during

December 2010 covering four villages of the region. The predominant varieties grown in this

region were Swarna (MTU-7029), Samba Mahsuri (BPT 5204), Cotton dora Sannalu (MTU-

1010), Vijetha (MTU 1001), Bondalu (MTU 3626). The crop was subjected to inundation and

complete submergence because of heavy rains during the month of November. Yield loss was

estimated from 75% to 90% for the current season. The supply of inputs like seeds, fertilisers

and pesticides was shared by the Agro Service Corporation and Private Companies. Canal

irrigation was the main source of irrigation to the crop. The main crop rotation was rice-rice

and rice-rice-pulse. Fertiliser application consisted of 25 kgs in each of straight fertilisers

urea, super phosphate and potash with 25 kg of neem cake in the nursery field. In the main

field 50 kgs in each of straight fertilisers urea and potash and 100 kgs of super phosphate

with 50 kg neem cake were applied as basal dressing. During the I top dressing, 50 kg 28:28

(or) 20:20 with 25 kg urea and 25 kg potash were applied and in the II top dressing, 50 kg

urea and 25 kg potash were applied. Some farmers applied farm yard manure. The levels of

weed infestation was moderate to severe. The common weeds were Echinocloa, Cyperus,

Marsilia etc. Majority of the farmers followed manual weeding. Some farmers used butachlor

at 1 lit/ac with 25 kg sand at 7 DAT. The weedicide, Erase was used for direct sowing.

Among the diseases sheath rot and sheath blight were observed in low intensity. Brown plant

hopper was wide spread in low to moderate level. Most of the farmers used hand sprayers for

application of fungicides and insecticides. Mixing of fungicides with insecticides was

common practice adopted by the farmers. Farmers applied pesticides like hexaconazole (2

ml/lit), validamycin (2 ml/lit) for sheath blight; acephate (1.5 g/lit) and monocrotophos (1.6

ml/lit) for brown plant hopper; profenophos (2 ml/lit) and monocrotophos (1.6 ml/lit) for

stem borer and leaf folder infestation. Most of the farmers were not having any drying and



storage facilities. Threshing was done on the roads with tractors since the fields did not dry

by the time of threshing.

The major requirements of farmers were:

Drying and storage facilities.

Bank and Department Coordination.

Tractor availability.

Loss compensation at times of calamities like flood or drought to be extended to tenants

instead of the owners.

Preventing the use of irrigation canals as drainage canals.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Puducherry -1

Diseases Insect Pests

District BI ShR Shbl LS BLB RTD LF SB GLH BPH Thr.

Puducherry L L-M - L L-M L L-M L-M L L L

Yanam - L M L M - M M-S - L-M -



Puducherry-2

Districts surveyed:

Karaikal and Yanam


District Villages surveyed

Karaikal Agramankudy, Agalankannu, Madur, Muppaithankudy, Thennankudy, Sethur,

Serumavilangai, Valathamangalam, Thirunallar, Thenpedagai, Pandaravadai,

Ambakarathur, Neravy, Keezamanai, Kakamozhi, Uoziapathu, Sellore, Kumarakudy,

Nallambal, Nallazhandore, Neravy, Thirumalai Rayan Pattinam, Kottapackam,

Kannapore Melakasakudy, Pettai, Vizhidiyour, Thiruvettakudy, KottucherryMedu,

Keezhekasakudy, Sorakudy, Mathalangkudy, Nedungadu, Nallathore, Kottucherry,

Vadamattam, Thalatheru and Varichikudy (38 villages)

Yanam Dariyal thippah, Kanakal petta, France thippah and Mettacour


Districts varieties

Karaikal

Kuruvai (kharif) TKM 9, ADT 43,ADT 37 and Kullaponni

Samba / Thaladi (rabi) Savitri, ADT 39, White Ponni, BPT 5204, ADT 46,ADT 38, ADT45,

ADT49, CO 43,CO 46 and KKL 1

Yanam

Kharif MTU-7029, MTU-2067 and BPT-5204

Rabi MTU-1001 and MTU-1010

During the Production Oriented Survey 2010 about 61farmers (Karaikal-47+ Yanam -

14) of different categories (small, marginal and big farmers) hailing from 42 (38+4) villages

of Karaikal and Yanam region were personally interviewed by the POS team members. The

predominant varieties cultivated were Savitri, ADT 39, White Ponni, BPT 5204, ADT 46,

ADT 38, ADT45, ADT49, CO 43,CO 46, KKL 1, ADT 37, ADT 43, MTU 7029, MTU-

2067, MTU-1001 and MTU 1010. Heavy incidence of Bacterial leaf blight (30-40%) and False

smut(30%) was noticed on cultivars like BPT 5204, CR 1009, ADT 38 and ADT 39 in most of the

villages due to excess application of N as top dose and the conducive environmental condition

noticed during the Samba season. Use of Biocontrol agents like Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil

application and as foliar spray (0.5%) is getting importance in some of the villages surveyed. Heavy

occurrence of Brown Plant Hopper (25 -30% ) was noticed on varities like BPT 5204 and CR 1009

due to prevalence of intermittent rain with cloudy weather prevailed during the month of November

- December 2009. Use of mechanised transplanter is gaining momentum in most of the villages

surveyed due to acute labour shortage. Use of harvester-cum-thresher is gaining momentum

among the various categories of farmers since the above facility was extended by the

Department of Agriculture on hire basis. The use of various natural products like fresh

cowdung extract (20%) and Neem products like Neem oil (3%), NSKE@ 5% and Neem cake

are being adopted by most of the farmers who are interested in organic farming. A new

variety KKL 1 of PAJANCOA & RI, ( a medium slender grain) is gaining momentum among

the farmers as an effective substitute for CR1009. The practice of applying DAP along with

Neem cake as basal dose was adopted by the farmers in all the villages of the District

surveyed.



Karaikal: In order to alleviate the Cauvery water problem, Government of Puducherry has

installed as many as 70 bore wells (Deep and Shallow) spread all over Karaikal region to

raise kuruvai rice. Considering the importance of intensive rice cultivation with uncertainty

or less quantum of Cauvery water received an intensive production oriented survey covering

thirty eight villages of Karaikal district has been carried out during 2010. In Karaikal district,

during the year of report (2010) the area under Kuruvai Rice was reduced to 600Ha as against

2000Ha due to late receipt of Cauvery river water. The average yield of Kuruvai Rice crop

was recorded as 4.5 tonnes/ha, whereas the area under Samba cultivation has been recorded

as 4500 ha (out of which 10% of the area is under direct sowing) with an expected average

yield of about 4.0 tonnes/ha due to heavy rain damage which occurred during the month of

November/December 2010. The thalady crop was raised in an area of 600ha. utilising the

borewells/ filter point wells in the villages of Thirunallar and Nedungadu communes of

Karaikal district. It shows that, samba season was the main rice growing season in the

Karaikal district. The rice varieties TKM 9, ADT 37and ADT 43 were used as predominant

varieties during kuruvai, Whereas Improved White Ponni, ADT 38, ADT 39, Savitri, BPT

5204,CO46 and KKL 1(Kamarajar – 1, a promising Samba variety released from

PAJANCOA &RI, Karaikal), are the major rice varieties grown during samba season

(August-January). Among these varieties SAVITRI, Improved White Ponni and ADT 38

accounts about half of the cultivated area. The above said varieties were also cultivated during

thaladi (October-January) depending upon the irrigation source (Borewell area). In some of the

Kuruvai areas, due to continuous exploitation of underground water and sea water intrusion,

the EC (electrical conductivity) and pH of the irrigation water were found to increased which

inturn affects the survival of Rice plants especially in villages like Sellore, Muppaithankudy,

Madur, Sethur, Nallambal, Nellazhandour, Kannapore and Ambagarathore etc ultimately

affecting the yield of kuruvai crop. The prevailing cropping pattern in this region is Rice-

Pulse, Rice-Rice-Pulse. In few areas farmers are going for Rice-Cotton cropping system

wherever there is assured water sourceo of filter point wells/deep borewells. Most of the

farmers are using the seeds purchased from Pondicherry Agro service and Industries

Corporation (PASIC) Ltd, a public sector undertaking of U.T of Pudhucherry, and about 50%

of the farmers are using their own saved seed.

In general, grasses and sedges were the dominant weed flora of this region. Among

the grasses, Echinchloa crussgalli was found to be the dominant; Cyperus irria was found to

be the most problematic sedge weed. In Broad leaved weeds Eclipta alba and Marsilia

quadrifoliata are the dominant weed flora found in the farmers’ field. Mostly hand weeding

was followed twice on 25th

and 45th

day after transplanting. A significant method of

eradicating weeds under wetland condition by the farmers of Nedungadu and Sorakudy

villages is that application of urea @6-8kg/ac during the off-season (summer) immediately

followed by summer plowing is being adopted by the farmers. During kuruvai season,

incidence of BPH was found as 20per cent . During samba, stem borer, leaf folder and BPH

incidence to the extent of 25-30 % was also noticed irrespective of variety screened. In this

season, there was a moderate to heavy incidence of Stem borer, leaf folder, GLH, BPH and Ear

head bug on the varieties like ADT 39, BPT 5204, CR 1009 White Ponni and ADT 38. Most of

the Samba nurseries were found to be infested with very high level of thrips attack exceeding

the economic injury level. Hence, siutable management practices has been submitted to the

extension wing for immediate adoption by the farmers. In general, pesticides Endosulfan @

300 ml/ac and Chlorpyriphos @ 350 ml/ac were commonly used to bring down the population

of leaf folder incidence below alarming level. Monocrotophos, endosulphan, Probenophos,

Imidacloprid and Acephate ( to control BPH ) are the predominant pesticide used by different

categories of farmers to combat rice pests without ascertaining the nature of pests. Rice



diseases like Bacterial leaf blight (25-30% infection), Blast, Brown spot, Sheath blight, sheath

rot, false smut and Grain discolouration were noticed during samba season especially in BPT

5204, SAVITRI,ADT 38, ADT 39 and Improved White Ponni. Hinosan, Bavistin, Mancozeb

and Kocide (for BLB control) are common fungicides used in this district for control of various

rice diseases. False smut was also noticed (30% incidence) in some of the location like

Ambagarathore, Agramankudy, Kottapackam, Melakasakudy, Madur, Pettai, Sethur

Vizhidiyour, Thiruvettakudy villages on varieties viz., Improved White Ponni, BPT 5204,

ADT 38, CO 43 and CR1009 .

Some of the common needs of the farmers were sowing equipments especially for

direct seeding, special programmes for adopting SRI techniques, government legislation to

restrict the conversion of fertile land for non- Agricultural purposes, timely supply of seeds

especially foundation and certified seeds at subsidised cost, special subsidy programmes

towards promotion of organic agriculture, mechanical transplanter to combat labour shortage

during peak season, mass eradication campaign for rat control, minimum support price for

rice, early release of Cauvery water to bring more kuruvai crop and establishment of direct

purchase centres either by the state government or Food Corporation of India

Salient points of production oriented survey at Karaikal

The high yielding varieties like ADT 43, and ADT 37 during Kuruvai and High yielding varieties

like BPT 5204, SAVITRI, ADT 38, CO46, KKL-1 and Improved White Ponni were grown in more

area during samba (rabi) season utilising cauvery water.

Heavy incidence of Bacterial leaf blight (30-40%) and False smut(30%) was noticed on cultivars like

BPT 5204, CR 1009, ADT 38 and ADT 39 in most of the villages due to excess application of N as

top dose and the conducive environmental condition noticed during the Samba season.

Use of Biocontrol agents like Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil application and as foliar spray

(0.5%) is getting importance in some of the villages surveyed

Heavy occurrence of Brown Plant Hopper (25 -30% ) was noticed on varities like BPT 5204 and CR

1009 due to prevalence of intermittent rain with cloudy weather prevailed during the month of

November - December 2009.

Use of mechanised transplanter is gaining momentum in most of the villages surveyed due to acute

labour shortage.

Use of harvester-cum-thresher is gaining momentum among the various categories of farmers

since the above facility was extended by the Department of Agriculture on hire basis.

The use of various natural products like fresh cowdung extract (20%) and Neem products

like Neem oil (3%), NSKE@ 5% and Neem cake are being adopted by most of the farmers

who are interested in organic farming.

A new variety KKL 1 of PAJANCOA & RI, ( a medium slender grain) is gaining momentum

among the farmers as an effective substitute for CR1009

The practice of applying DAP along with Neem cake as basal dose was adopted by the

farmers in all the villages of the District surveyed.

Drainage Problem is noticed due to coversion of cutivable land for non Agricultural purposes

viz., real estate business.

Yanam

An intensive Production Oriented Survey was conducted in Yanam region of Puducherry

union territory during November 2010 (14th- 21st November 2010) by the Scientist of

PAJANCOA &RI, Karaikal. Yanam is situated in the coramandel coast of peninsular India

bounded on all sides by East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. It is 870 km away from

Puducherry. The geographical area is 1684 ha and its annual mean rainfall is 1500 mm. Rice



is cultivated in an area of 250 ha in kharif, 230 ha in rabi and 100 ha in dry season. The other

crops that are cultivated are pulses, coconut and other vegetable crops. Canals originating

from river Godavari and its tributaries are the main source of irrigation. It also receives

monsoonic rain during South-West monsoon from June-September which accords 80% of the

total rainfall and remaining 20% is received during North -East monsoon. The soil type

constitutes alluvial deposits of sand, clay and sandy clay and the cropping pattern is Rice-

Rice-Pulses as detailed below:

POS at Yanam was conducted in four villages namely Dariyal thippah, Kanakal petta,

France thippah and Mettacour. About twenty farmers were interrogated, as per the POS data

sheet of DRR, by the POS team members. Among the inputs, seeds, fertilizer and pesticides

were available in adequate quantity while post harvest facilities like drying and storage

facilities were inadequate. Most of the farm inputs were sold through Government Agro-

industries corporation namely PASIC. Regarding fertilizer all the forms of three major

nutrients N,P and K are being used by the farming community. Excess use of N by some of

the farmers were observed. NPK dose adopted by the rice growers was 135-150 kg of N/ha,

85-100 kg of P/ha and 85-100kg of K/ha which is observed to be in excess of the

recommended dosage. The level of weed infestation was moderate to high. The common

weeds found during the survey are Echinocloa colonum, Cyprus spp. Cyanadon dactylon and

certain other broad leaved weeds. The manual weeding was practiced by certain farmer

whereas weedicide like Pretilachlor @ 2.5l/ha was used by other farmers. Due to normal

rainfall and timely release of canal water sowing and transplanting were taken up normally.

However at the maturity stage the crop was damaged due to the unexpected rainfall during

November 2010.

Among various insect pests, BPH, stem borer and leaf folder were observed in

moderate to severe extent. Acephate @ 1.5g/litre, monocrotophos @2ml/litre and

imidachloroprid @0.5ml/litre were used to combat these insect pests. Among the diseases,

sheath blight, stem rot, sheath rot and bacterial leaf blight were found in moderate to severe

form and the farmers applied hexaconazole @ 2ml/litre, validamycin@2ml/litre, ketazin

@2ml/litre to control these diseases.

Some of the constraints faced by the farmers were non availability of agricultural labourers,

non availability of mechanized transplanter and harvester, lack of remunerative pricing for

their produce through proper marketing, lack of common thrashing and drying yards, lack of

resistant rice varieties for BLB, blast, stem borer, leaf folder and sheath rot and

implementation of crop insurance scheme to compensate the loss caused by various natural

calamities

Prevalence of diseases and pests in Puducherry-2

Districts SB LF BPH GLH EB Thrips

Kariakal M-S M-S M-S M M-S S

Yanam M M M

Districts Bl BS Shbl ShR FS GD SR BB

Kariakal L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M L-M M-S

Yanam M M M M



Punjab

Districts surveyed: Amritsar, Bathinda, Fatehgarh sahib, Faridkot, Ferozpur,Gurdaspur,

Hoshiarpur, Jallandar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mesra, Mukatsar, Moga, Patiala, Sangrur

and Tarntaran

DISTRICT VILLAGES

Amritsar Jandealaguru, Rayyia, Ghagharpannuan, Satheala and Balsarai

Bathinda Mehraj, Zazel, Rotshamir, Kararwala, Sahore,

Fatehgarh sahib Kahanpura, Shahpur, Naraingarh, Bhagwanpura and Jandali

Faridkot Jandwala, Moranwali, Bhilewala, Kingra, Parygrai and Morawali

Ferozpur Ratta Khora, Ferozshah, Madhere, Chata and Guru Harsahai

Gurdaspur Fatehgarh chyrjan, Kalanore, Kahnuwal, Langarkot, Dhindsa, Harchowal,

Khokarwal and Dhirowal

Hoshiarpur Doburji

Jallandar Balan, Sanghwal, Kalabora, Mand

Kapurthala Pervez nagar, Kheeranwali, Thatha and Phosewala

Ludhiana Mullanpur chokha, Daheru, Barewal, Kila Raipur, Kotheath, Tath, Rakba, Raikot

and Rurka kalan

Mersa Rauditewolu

Mukatsar Gonewala, Smalsar and Kaniawala

Moga Nathuana, Dusanj, Dharapur, Indergarh, Kokarikalan, Mahina, Ajitwal,

Singhwala, Chrik, Gill and Jaisinghwala

Patiala Halers, Saholi, Duldi

Sangrur Kamalpur, Cupkhurd, Balion, Rupehari, Bhogiwala, Binjori Kalan, Upoki,

Galwate and Ladhaherhi

Tarantaran Fatehbad, Dher, Sanghe, Malmohri, Jahangeerpur, Raisiana, Kalan and Voinpoi

Widely Prevalent Varieties

DISTRICT VARIETIES

Amritsar Pusa 1121, PR 116, PR 113, HKR 127, Punjab Bas 2 and HKR 47

Bathinda PR 118, PR 116 and Pusa 44

Fatehgarh sahib Pusa 1121, HKR 47, PAU 209 and Pusa 44

Faridkot Hybrid, PR 111, PR 114, HKR 127, Pusa 1121, Pusa 44 and Hybrid 6444

Ferozpur Pusa 1121, PR 114, PR 111, Pusa 44 and PR 116

Gurdaspur HKR 47, HKR 121, Pusa 1121, PR 113, Devgoda, HKR 127, Hybrid 6129

Hoshiarpur Hybrid 6444

Jallandar Pusa 1121, HKR 127

Kapurthala HKR 47, Pusa 1121, Hybrid 6444, PAU 201

Ludhiana Pusa 44, HRK 47, PR 111, Pusa 1121, PR 114

Mansa PR 118

Mukatsar PR 111, HRK 127, Pusa 1121, Pusa 44

Moga Pusa 44, Pusa 1121, PR 111, PR 116, HKR 127, HKR 47, PR 114

Patiala Pusa 44, Pusa 1121

Sangrur PR 118, Pusa 44, Pusa 1121, HRK 47

Tarantaran Pusa 1121, HRK 47, P.Bas-2

The production oriented survey was conducted in 16 districts in the state during the

kharif, 2010. the districts surveyed were Amritsar, Bathinda, Fatehgarh sahib, Faridkot,

Ferozpur,Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jallandar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Mukatsar, Moga,

Patiala, Sangrur and Tarntaran. Survey was conducted mostly during heading stage and



dough stages of the crop growth. the prevalent varieties grown in this region were Pusa 1121,

PR 116, PR 113, HKR 127, Punjab Bas 2 and HKR 47, PR 118, PAU 209, Pusa 44, PR

111,Hybrid 6444, PR 114, HKR 121, Devgoda, HKR 127, Hybrid 6129, PAU 201, P.Bas-2.

The level of weed infestation was medium. The common weed was swank. Butachlor,

Machete and Rifit were used in addition to hand weeding for control of these weeds. There

was no proper drying facilities. Regarding biotic constraints among the diseases low to

moderate level intensities of sheath blight, false smut and blast were recorded. Among pests

leaf folder and BPH were recorded. The district wise details of the survey are presented

below.

DISTRICT WISE OBSERVATIONS:

Amritsar: Production oriented survey was conducted when the crop was at heading stage

and dough stages of the crop growth. Farmers are sub-marginal. The major varieties were

Pusa 1121, HKR 47 and PR 114. Most of the rice area was occupied by varieties like Pusa

1121 and PR113. The levels of weed infestation in the district were medium. The farmers

applied 100-140 Kg N in three splits per hectare. Farmers did not apply any other

amendments. Farmers followed random method of transplanting. The plant density followed

was 22-30 plants/ m2. The common weeds were Swank and Mothu. Butachlor @ 1l/acre and

Rifit @ 500 ml/acre and Machete @1l/acre were used in addition to hand weeding for control

of these weeds. The facilities like seeds, water, fertilizers, pesticides and equipments were

found to be adequate but the electricity supply was inadequate. There was no proper drying

facilities. Among the biotic constraints Sheath blight, Sheath rot, Brown spot and Bakane was

observed on Pusa 1121, PR 113 and HKR 47 in some places. Grain discoloration was also

seen in low intensities. Insect pests like stem borer and BPH, Leaf folder, Stem borer were

observed in low intensities. Most of the farmers adopted plant protection measures. The

pesticides like Cartap (7.5kg) for stem borer, and hoppers; Contaf %EC (300 ml/acre) for

sheath blight, Brown spot and grain discoloration were used by the farmers.

Bathinda: The survey was conducted in 10 villages in Bathinda district when the crop was in

Heading and dough stages. Climatic conditions for the rice crop were quite favorable during

the season. Farmers are sub-marginal to progressive. The prevailing crop rotation followed in

these districts was paddy-wheat. The major varieties grown in this district were PR 118 and

PR 116. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was 2nd

and3rd

week of May and 2nd

to 3rd

week of June, respectively. The average seed rate was 4-5 kg/acre. In the main fields,

farmers applied 150 kg N/ha and 40 kg of P2O5. The average plant populations were 28-30

plants/m2. The weed population was medium in most of the places. The weedicides like

Machete (1l/acre) and Rifit (500 ml/acre) were applied for the management of the weeds.

Farmers hired equipments or obtained from cooperative society for different agricultural

operations. They used their own seeds or obtained seeds from government or private

organizations and from Punjab Agriculture University. Farmers obtained pesticides and

fertilizers from cooperative societies or private agencies. Among diseases, low intensities of

Sheath blight, Sheath rot, false smut and Grain discoloration were recorded. Among insect

pests BPH, WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder were recorded. By using knapsack sprayer

some of the farmers adopted plant protection measures. Some farmers reported sprays of

Padan (7kg/acre), Chloripyriphos (1l/acre), Hostathion (5ooml/acre), Cartap (7.5kg/acre),

Cartap hydro (7kg/acre) for plant hoppers, leaf folder and stem borer and Confidor

400ml/acre, Tilt 25EC 200 ml/ ac were used for the management of Sheath blight and Grain

discolouration.



Fatehgarh sahib: The survey was conducted in 5 villages in this district when the crop was

in milky stage. The general climatic conditions for the rice crop were favorable during the

crop season. Farmers are progressive. The prevailing crop rotation followed in these districts

was rice-wheat. The major varieties grown in the district were HRK 47 and Pusa 1121. Most

of the crop area was occupied by the varieties like Pusa 1121, Pusa 44. The fertilizer

application consisted of 120-170Kg N in 3 split doses and P2O5 20-30 kg per acre as basal

dose. Transplanting was done by random method. The plant density was 28-30 plants/m2. The

weed population was medium; most prevalent weeds were Swank and Motha. The weedicides

like Rifit (500 ml/acre), butachlor (500ml/acre) and Machete @ 1l/acre were applied for the

management of the weeds. The availability of the inputs like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides

were adequate. The water and power were inadequate. The storage facilities were not

available. Sheath blight, Bakane, Grain discolouration diseases were recorded on HKR 47

and Pusa 1121. At few places 50% lodging was recorded on HKR 47. BPH and WBPH were

low to moderate and other pests like Leaf folder and Stem borer were recorded in low

intensities. Farmers applied Contaf 5SC (400 ml/acre), Tilt 200ml/acre for controlling sheath

blight disease and Chloripyriphos @ 1l/acre, Cartap 4G @ 7kg/acre were used for control of

stem borer and leaf folder.

Faridkot: Production oriented survey was conducted in six villages in this district, when the

crop was either heading or milky stages. The weather conditions recorded were normal

during the season. Farmers are progressive. The predominant varieties were PR 111, Pusa

1121, and Hybrid 6444. The availability of the inputs like seeds, fertilizers and pesticides

were adequate. Water and power supply was inadequate. The drying and storage facilities

were mostly not available. The fertilizers were applied in three split doses @ 110-150 kg of N

at each time. The weed infestation was medium. The method followed for transplanting was

random method. 28-30 plants per square meter were used as plant density. Rifit, Machete and

butachlor were used as herbicides to control weeds. Among the diseases blast, sheath blight,

sheath rot were noticed in low to medium intensities. Among the insect pests BPH, WBPH,

leaf folder and stem borer were observed. Farmers applied Tilt 200ml/acre, Cyahalothius +

Acephate + Tlit @ 250+333+200 ml/acre and Actra + Cyaholo 50 + 200ml/ac for controlling

Stem borer, BPH and Flase smut, where as carbendizm @ 200g/acre, Folicry 25EC @

200ml/acre, Tilt @ 200ml/acre and Contaf 5EC were used for management of Sheath blight,

Brown spot diseases.

Ferozpur: The survey was conducted in five villages in Ferozpur district during Kharif

season, 2010. The survey was under taken during booting, heading and dough stage of the

crop. Farmers are progressive. The common varieties grown in this area were PR 114, Pusa

1121, PR 111 and PR 116. The rainfall during crop season is normal. Seeds and fertilizers

were adequate and they were at the reach of the farmers. The common needs of farmers of the

region included availability of power and irrigation source. The farmers applied fertilizers @

100 to 150 N kg in split doses in the main field. The common weeds were Swaak and Motha.

Only a very farmers applied weedicides (Butachlor-1.5 kg/ha, Machete 1l/acre or Rifit@500

ml/ac) for management of weeds. Brown spot, Sheath blight, Bakane and false smut diseases

were recorded low incidence in most of the varieties. Stem borer, Leaf folder, BPH and

WBPH were the important pests which was recorded low to medium incidence. Contaf 5EC

@ 300mg/ac, Tilt @ 200mg/acre was applied to control the fungal diseases. Insect pests were

controlled by Cartap 7.5 kg/ac, Padan 4G @ 8kg/ac, moncrotophos @ 500ml/ac,

cloripyriphos + confidor @ 300ml/ac were used for controlling insects and pests.



Gurdaspur: Nine villages were covered in this district. The crop was in heading,dough and

maturity stages at the time of survey. The main crop rotation practice was rice-wheat.

Farmers are progressive. The common varieties in the district were HKR 47, HKR 121, Pusa

1121, PR 113, Devgoda, HKR 127, Hybrid 6129. The weather conditions recorded were

normal during the season. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting were May and Jun,

respectively. Transplanting was done by random method with plant density of 22-30

plants/m2. The common weed found was Swank. In the main fields, farmers applied 100-150

kg N/ha in 3 split doses. The Most of the agricultural inputs like equipments and seeds were

adequate for the farmers. But the power and water supply was inadequate. Drying and storage

facilities were scarce in many places. The common needs of the farmers were the latest

technology of cultivation, seeds of high yielding varieties and continuous power supply for

farming operations. Diseases like Brown spot, Sheath blight, sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight,

Bakane, Grain discolouration and false smut were in low to medium levels of damage. BPH,

WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder were in low to moderate intensities. The chemical plant

protection measures like application of Tilt 25EC @ 200ml/acre for control of fungal diseases

and against insect pests Chloriphyriphos @ 1l/l, Cartaphydro 7.5 kg/ac, Cartap 7.5 kg/ac

were used to control insects and pests.

Hoshiarpur, Jallandar, Kapurthala, Mansa, Mukatsar and Patiala: Farmers are sub

marginal to progressive. The crop was dough and milky stages at the time of survey. The

climatic conditions were normal through out the cropping season. The main varieties grown

in this region were Hybrid 6444, Pusa 1121, HKR 127, HKR 47, PAU 201, PR 118, PR 111,

HRK 127, Pusa 44. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was May and June. The

seed rate followed was 5-6 kg/ac. In the nursery, some of the farmers applied farm yard

manure and compost. The method of transplanting was random with 25-30 plants/m2. The

weed population was medium to low. The common weed was Swank. Among the inputs,

except seeds, most of the other inputs were inadequate or scarce. Most of the biotic

constraints like sheath blight, false smut, brown spot, bakane and grain discolouration were

recorded at some places in low intensities and insect pests like stem borer, BPH and WBPH

were in low to moderate intensities. However, there was severe incidence of leaf folder in

few places. The chemical plant protection measures like application of Hostathian @

500ml/ac, Endosulfan 500ml/ac, Tilt 25EC @ 200ml/acre and Contaf 5EC were used for

control of fungal diseases and against insect pests chloripyriphos 20EC @ 1l/ac, Cartap @

7.5-8kg/ac, Padan 4G @ 7kg/ac were used.

Ludhiana: Production oriented survey was conducted in nine villages. The crop was at

booting, dough and milky stage of the crop growth during the survey. Farmers are

progressive. The predominant varieties in the district were Pusa 44, HRK 47, PR 111, Pusa

1121 and PR 114. The average seed rate was 4-6 kg/ac. Most of the farmers followed random

method of sowing practice. Plant density followed was 23-30 plants/m2. The common weed

population observed was Swank and Motha. Few farmers applied weedicides (Butachlor

1l/ac, Machete 1l/ac or Rifit@500 ml/ac) for management of weeds. Most of the inputs like

seeds, water, power, fertilizers, and pesticides were either inadequate or not available.

Nitrogen was applied in urea form @ 100-150kg/ac in 3 splits of doses. The common needs

of the farmers were irrigation facilities and good power supply. Among the diseases, low

level of brown spot, sheath blight, bakane, false smut and Grain discolouration were

observed. Insect pests like stem borer, leaf folder and brown plant hopper were at low to

medium intensities. Farmers applied Bavistin 50WP @ 200g/ac, Contaf 5EC @ 300ml/ac,

Tilt@ 200ml/acre, Hexaconazole+Imida 40+100ml/ac against sheath blight and other fungal

diseases. For the control of insect pests farmers applied Cartap 7-8kg/ac, Chloriphyriphos @



1l/ac, Padan 4G @ 8kg/ac, Blitox+Imida @ 250+100ml/ac and karate+N505 @

333+200ml/ac were used by the farmers.

Moga: Production oriented survey was conducted in eleven villages of the district. Farmers

are sub-marginal to progressive. The widely grown varieties were PR Pusa 44, Pusa 1121,

PR 111, PR 116, HKR 127, HKR 47, PR 114. Weed infestation was medium to lw and weed

like Swank was recorded. Farmers used weedicides like Butachlor 1kg/ha, Machete 1l/ac and

Rifit@500 ml/ac to control weeds. Seed rate followed by the farmers was 5-6 kg/acre.

Fertilizer dose applied was Nitrogen @ 150 kg per acre another 100-180 kg Nitrogen was

applied in three splits. The crop condition was good. The availability of input sources like

equipments, seeds, water, power, fertilizers, pesticides and storage facilities were adequate.

Farmers were facing problem with lack of drying and storage facilities. Among insects,

BPH, WBPH, stem borer and leaf folder were recorded at low to medium levels and

insecticide like Cartap 4G @ 7.5kg/ac, Cartap hydro 7.5kg/ac, Padan 4G @ 7kg/ac,

Chlorphyriphos @ 1l/ac were applied for control of insects. Sheath blight, Brown spot, false

smut, Grain discolouration and Bakane diseases incidence was observed on Pusa 1121, Pusa

44, PR 111, PR 116, HKR 127and Pusa 1121 varieties. Farmers applied Contaf 5 EC

300ml/ac, Tilt@ 200ml/acre, Bavistin 50mg @ 2g/kg seed against sheath blight and other

fungal diseases.

Sangrur: Production oriented survey was conducted in nine villages in the district. The crop

was at booting, dough and milky stage of the crop growth during the survey. Farmers are

sub-marginal to progressive. The predominant varieties in the district were PR 118, Pusa 44,

Pusa 1121, HRK 47. The average seed rate was 4-6 kg/ac. Most of the farmers followed

random method of sowing practice. Plant density followed was 23-30 plants/m2. The

common weed population was medium predominantly Swank weed was observed. Few

farmers applied weedicides Butachlor 1l/ac, Machete 1l/ac or Rifit@500 ml/ac for

management of weeds. Most of the inputs like seeds, water, power, fertilizers, and pesticides

were either inadequate or not available. Nitrogen was applied in urea form @ 150-180kg/ac

in 3 splits of doses. The common needs of the farmers were irrigation facilities and good

power supply. Among the diseases, low to moderate level of brown spot, sheath blight, false

smut, Grain discolouration and Bakane and were observed. Insect pests like stem borer, leaf

folder and WBPH were at low to medium intensities. The incidence of BPH was severe in

some of the places surveyed. Farmers applied Tilt@ 200ml/acre, Contaf 5EC @ 300ml/ac,

against sheath blight and other fungal diseases. For the control of insect pests farmers applied

Padan @ 7.5kg/ac, Actara+Cyhalothion @125+250ml/ac, Aephate+Contaf @ 333+333ml/ac,

Cartap 7-8kg/ac, Chloriphyriphos @ 1l/ac were used by the farmers.

Taran Taran: Production oriented survey was conducted in eight villages. The crop was at

booting, dough and milky stage of the crop growth during the survey. Farmers are sub-

marginal. The predominant varieties in the district grown are Pusa 1121, HRK 47 and P.Bas-

2. The average seed rate was 4-6 kg/ac. Plant density followed was 24-27 plants/m2. The

common weed population observed was Swank. Farmers applied weedicides (Butachlor 1l/ac,

Machete 1l/ac or Rifit@500 ml/ac) for management of weeds. Most of the inputs like seeds,

water, power, fertilizers, and pesticides were either inadequate or not available. Nitrogen was

applied in urea form @ 100-180kg/ac in 3 splits of doses. The common needs of the farmers

were irrigation facilities and good power supply. Among the diseases, low to moderate level

of sheath blight, brown spot, Sheath rot and Bakane were observed. Insect pests like stem

borer and brown plant hopper were at low to medium intensities. Leaf folder was severe in

some fields. Farmers applied Contaf 5EC @ 300ml/acfor controlling sheath blight and other



fungal diseases. For the control of insect pests farmers applied Chloriphyriphos @ 1l/ac,

Cartap 7-8kg/ac and Padan @ 6.5kg/ac were used by the farmers

Incidence of disease and pest in the surveyed districts of Punjab, 2010-2011

Districts Diseases

BL NBL BS SHBL SHR GD Bakanae FS BLB

Amritsar - - L L-M L L L - -

Bathinda - - - L L L - L -

Fatehgarh sahib - - - L-M L L - -

Faridkot L - - L-M L L - L -

Ferozpur - - L L - - T L -

Gurdaspur - - L-M L L L L L M

Hoshiarpur - - - M - - - L -

Jallandar - - L L L L L L -

Kapurthala - - L L L - L L -

Ludhiana - - L L - L L L -

Mersa - - L - - - - - -

Mukatsar - - L L - - L L -

Moga - - L L - L L L -

Patiala L-M L L L - - L - -

Sangrur - - L L-M - L L L -

Tarantaran - - L L L - L-M - -


BPH WBPH GLH SB LF

Amritsar L L - L L

Bathinda L L - L L-M

Fatehgarh sahib L-M L-M - L L

Faridkot L-M L-M - L L

Ferozpur L-M L-M - L L-M

Gurdaspur L L - L L-M

Hoshiarpur - - - L L

Jallandar L - - L L-S

Kapurthala L - - L L

Ludhiana L L - L L

Mersa M M - L L

Mukatsar L L L - L

Moga L L - L L

Patiala M-S - - L L

Sangrur L-S - - L L

Taran Taran L L - L L-S



Tamil Nadu

Districts surveyed : Thanjavur, Nagappattinam, Tiruvarur, Tiruchirappalli, Pudukkottai, Perambalur and

Cuddalore.


District Villages surveyed

Thanjavur Thiruvidaimarudur, Papanasam, Thiruvairu, Kabisthalam, Mudikondan,

Budalur, Thirupazhanam, Pulavankadu, Orathanadu, Madukkur

Tiruvarur Needamangalam, Kottur, Thiruthuraipoondi, Mannargudi, Kallikudi,

Vaigalathur, Nannilam, Kudavasal, Nachiarkovil, Valangaiman

Nagappattinam Keevalur, Sikkal, Kollumangudi, Sembanarkovil, Sirkazhi,

Kathiramangalam, Orathur, Kuthalam, Vadagudi, Vedaranyam

Pudukkottai Avanam, Karambakkudi, Nambivayal, Keeramangalam, Alangudi,

Muvanoor, Sathagudi, Pakkam

Tiruchirappalli Pullampadi, Idhayapuram, Kuttapattu, Kaduvetti, Samayapuram, Lalgudi,

Kulithalai, Valadi, Musiri, Pettaivaithalai

Perambalur Thirumanoor, Thirumalapadi, Keelapalur, Vetriyur, Sendurai, Elambalur,

Siruvachur, Alambadi

Cuddalore Panruti, Puduchatram, Bhuvanagiri, Sindhamanikuppam, Alappakkam,

Kurinjipadi, Kattumannarkovil, Keerapalayam, Vadalur,

Adhinarayanapuram

Widely grown rice varieties

District Varieties

Thanjavur ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 44, ADT (R) 45, ADT (R) 46,

CR 1009, CO 43, BPT 5204, White Ponni

Tiruvarur ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, ADT 44, ADT (R)45, ADT (R) 46,

CR 1009, CO 43, White Ponni, BPT 5204

Nagappattinam ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, TKM 9, ADT 44, ADT (R) 45,

ADT (R) 46, CR 1009, CO 43, White Ponni, BPT 5204

Pudukkottai ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, CO 43, CR 1009, Trichy 1, White

Ponni, BPT 5204

Tiruchirappalli ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, Trichy 1, Trichy 2, CR 1009, CO 43,

White Ponni, BPT 5204

Perambalur ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT (R) 45, CR 1009, CO 43, White Ponni

Cuddalore ADT 36, ADT 37, IR 50, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43, CR 1009, CO 43,

White Ponni, BPT 5204

Production oriented survey was conducted in seven districts of Cauvery delta zone.

Excess annual rainfall of 400 – 640mm was received in three major Cauvery delta districts

Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam. Rabi crop yield was affected to the extend of 25-

50% due to excess rainfall and poor drainage. Rice varieties ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39,

ADT 43, ADT 46, CR 1009, CO 43 and BPT 5204 were predominantly grown in this region.

Area under BPT 5204 was reduced due to its high susceptibility to various diseases. SRI



method of cultivation is gaining momentum among the farmers. Combine harvesters were

used by more than 80% of the farmers. Wide spread occurrence of false smut at low to

medium level was noticed in all the districts surveyed. Moderate incidence of bacterial leaf

blight and bacterial leaf streak diseases was recorded in all the ruling varieties. Leaf blast

incidence was found in Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts. In general pest incidence

was low in this region. Low to medium incidence of stem borer and leaf folder was noticed in

all the districts surveyed.


Thanjavur: Production oriented survey was conducted in ten villages of this district.

Excess annual rainfall of 640mm was received during the year 2010. In kharif (Kuruvai)

season, rice was grown in 20852 hectares with an average yield of 5648 kg/ha. About 1.40

lakh hectares was covered with rice cropping in rabi (Samba / thaladi) season. Due to excess

rainfall about 2000 hectares of rice crop was affected. Rice varieties with a short duration of

105-110 days ADT 36, ADT 43, ADT 45 were mostly grown in kharif season. Medium / long

duration varieties ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 44, ADT 46, CO 43, CR 1009 and BPT 5204

occupied larger areas in rabi season. BPT 5204 was grown in lesser area as compared to last

year because of its high susceptibility to various diseases. Most of the farmers used a higher

seed rate of 80-100 kg/ha. SRI method of cultivation is gaining momentum among the

farmers. Farmers applied NPK fertilizers in the main field at 30-50 kg N/ha, 20-30 kg P2O5

/ha and 10-25 kg K2O/ha as basal and 80-110 kg N/ha, 10-25kg K2O/ha as top dressing.Wet

land weeds Cyperus rotandus, Echinocloa crusgalli, Eclipta alba, Marsilia quadrifolia were

commonly noticed in rice fields. Hand weeding was mostly followed by the farmers. Some

farmers applied Butachlor @ 2.5lit/ha for weed control. In SRI cultivation, manually operated

conoweeder was used by some farmers. In general, pest and disease pressure was low during

this year. Bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak diseases to the extend of 20-30% were

noticed in ADT 38, ADT 46, CR 1009, CO 43, BPT 5204 in many villages across the district.

As suggested by the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and Agriculture Department, most

of the farmers used antibiotics Streptomycin Sulphate + Tetracycline compound @ 300 g/ha

along with Copper oxy chloride @ 1.25 kg/ha (or) Kocide @ 1.25 kg/ha for the control of

bacterial diseases. Mild incidence of 5-10% sheath rot was also noticed. Widespread

occurrence of false smut was noticed in all the ruling rice varieties to the extend of 5-30%.

Few farmers only applied fungicides for false smut control. Mild incidence (<10%) of stem

borer, BPH and leaf folder was noticed. Farmers applied Monocrotophos @ 1.0 lit/ha (or)

Profenophos @ 1.0 lit/ha for insect control. In rabi season, Zinc deficiency was commonly

noticed in ADT 38, ADT 39, CR 1009 and CO 43. Farmers sprayed Zinc Sulphate 0.5% +

Urea 1% to rectify the disorder. More than 80% of the farmers used Combine Harvesters.

Mechanical transplanters were used in some villages in order to manage the acute labour

shortage. Power supply and quality seeds were inadequate. Roads were used for threshing.

Drying and storage facilities were not available.

Tiruvarur: The survey was conducted in ten villages of Tiruvarur, Mannargudi and

Nannilam blocks of this district. In kharif season rice crop was grow in 11957 hectares with

an average yield of 5860 kg/ha. In rabi season, rice cropping was increased by 11,000

hectares (8%) over the normal area of 1.35 lakh hectares. Kharif rice area was decreased due

to delayed release of water from Cauvery river. Excess rainfall of 570mm was received

during the year 2010. Rice varieties ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 46, White Ponni, CO 43 were

grown in major areas. In single crop (Samba) cultivation, CR 1009 was predominantly

grown. Rabi crop yield was significantly decreased in about 1.0 lakh hectares to the extend of



2.5 to 5.0 ton/ha due to the excess rainfall and poor drainage. Direct seeding was practiced in

12242 hectares. SRI method of cultivation was adopted in about 40% of cropped area during

rabi season. The average seed rate used was 60-80 kg/ha in conventional method and 8-12

kg/ha in SRI cultivation. Many farmers applied higher dose of nitrogenous fertilizer. Random

planting with 40-45 plants/sq.m was followed in conventional method of cultivation. In SRI

cultivation, line planting with wider spacing of 22.5 x 22.5 cm and 20-22 plants/ sq.m was

practiced. Power supply was inadequate for rice cultivation. Drying and storage facilities

were not available to the farmers. Among the diseases, low to medium incidence of bacterial

leaf blight, bacterial leaf streak, sheath rot and false smut were the major problems in rabi

crop. Scattered incidence of brown spot <10% was also noticed. Wide spread incidence of

stem borer and leaf folder was noticed to the extend of 10-20%. Scattered incidence of BPH

was also noticed. Farmers sprayed insecticides like Profenophos, Monocrtophos,

Chlorpyriphos and fungicides / antibiotics namely Streptocycline, Carbendazim, Mancozeb

for pest and disease control.

Nagappattinam: Ten villages were covered for production oriented survey in this district.

During the year 2010, excess rainfall of 403mm was received. Rice was grown in 27313

hectares in kharif season with the varieties ADT 36, ADT 43, ADT 45 and TKM 9. During

rabi season, rice was grown in 1.32 lakh hectares with the varieties CR 1009, ADT 38,

ADT 39, ADT 46, White Ponni and BPT 5204. The seed rate used by the farmers ranged

from 60-90 kg/ha. Fertilizers were not applied to nursery. In the main field, NPK fertilizers

used at the rate of 30-50 kg/ha, 20-40 kg P2O5/ha and 20-40 kgK2O/ha as basal and 70-100 kg

N/ha as 2-3 top dressings. Rice seeds were obtained from the Department of Agriculture,

TNAU Research stations and private seed firms. Quality seeds were not adequately available

to the farmers. Pesticides, fertilizers and equipments were available. Drying and storage

facilities were not available. Hand weeding was widely adopted by the farmers. In SRI

method of cultivation, weeding was done with manual conoweeder at 1-2 times per season. In

conventional method, plant population was 45-50 nos./sq.m and in SRI method, it was about

20-25 nos./sq.m. In direct sown crop at Vedaranyam block, weed infestation was high. Few

farmers applied the herbicide Sofit @ 1.25 lit/ha for weed control. Machineries like

transplanter and combine harvesters were used in rice cultivation. Power operated

conoweeder was one of the major requirements of the farmers. In thaladi rice crop, Zinc

deficiency was commonly noticed. Zinc Sulphate 0.5% + Urea 1.0% was sprayed to

overcome the problem. Moderate incidence of stem borer and BPH was noticed in

Nagappattinam, Mayiladuthurai, Kuthalam and Sirkazhi blocks. Leaf folder incidence was

noticed at low level (5-10%). Insecticides Monocrotophos at 1.0 lit/ha and Acephate @

625g/ha were sprayed. Bacterial diseases were the major problem during the rabi season.

Most of the farmers applied antibiotics Streptomycin Sulphate 300g or Streptocycline 30-45

g/ha for their control. False smut was widely found at maturity phase in rice varieties CR

1009, ADT 38, CO 43 and BPT 5204. Few farmers sprayed Propiconazole @ 500 ml/ha or

Kocide at 1.25 kg/ha.

Pudukkottai: Production oriented survey was conducted in eight villages of this district.

Rice – Pulses and Rice – Rice were the two major cropping systems followed in this district.

Short and medium duration rice varieties ADT 36, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT 43 and BPT 5204

were widely grown. Higher seed rate of 80-100 kg/ha and 3-5 seedlings/hill were commonly

used by the farmers. In general chemical fertilizers / organic manure were not applied to

nursery. In the main fields, fertilizers were applied @ 30-50 kg N/ha, 25-35kg P2O5/ha, 20-30

K2O/ha as basal and 60-90kg N/ha as top dressing in 2-3 splits. Direct sown crop was raised



in Aranthangi, Thirumayam and Manamelgudi blocks. Hand weeding was widely adopted.

Inadequate supply of power and quality seeds were the major constraints to rice cultivation.

Drying and storage facilities were inadequate. Farmers availed crop loans from Nationalized

banks and co-operative societies. Out break of leaf blast was recorded in Muvanoor,

Sathagudi, Pakkam villages of Manalmelgudi block. Blast incidence was recorded at 30-40%

in BPT 5204. Farmers applied Tricyclazole at 500g/ha for disease control. Moderate

incidence (20-30%) of bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak disease were recorded in

ADT 38, ADT 39 and BPT 5204. Sheath rot, brown spot and false smut were observed at low

level. Wide spread incidence of stem borer and leaf folder was found in this district.

Recommended insecticides were sprayed for pest control.

Tiruchirappalli: Ten villages were covered for production oriented survey in this district.

Rice-Rice-Pulses/Vegetables, Rice-Rice and Rice-Pulses were the major cropping systems

adopted. In kharif season, short duration varieties ADT 36, ADT 43 and ADT 45 were

grown. Medium / long duration varieties Trichy 1, Trichy 2, ADT 38, ADT 39, CO 43, White

Ponni, CR 1009 and BPT 5204 were grown in monsoon (rabi) season. Climatic condition for

rice cropping was normal during the year 2010. Farmers generally used a seed rate of 60-80

kg/ha in conventional method and 8-10 kg/ha in SRI method of cultivation. In the main field,

NPK fertilizers were used @ 30-50 kg N, 20-40kg P2O5, 10-20kg K2O as basal and 70-100

kgN, 10-20 kg K2O/ha as top dressings. Cyperus rotandus, Echinocloa crusgalli, Marsilia

quadrifolia and Astracantha longifolia were the common weeds found in wet lands.

Herbicide Butachlor @ 2.5 lit/ha or Almix 20gm/ha was used for weed control. Plant density

was 40-45 plants/sq.m in rabi season. Neck blast incidence (20-40%) was recorded in BPT

5204, White Ponni in Manachanallur block. Moderate incidence of leaf blast was also noticed

in ADT 38, CR 1009, BPT 5204 in Musiri and Kulithalai blocks. Farmers sprayed the

fungicides Tricyclazole 500 ml/ha or Carbendazim 500 g/ha for disease control. Widespread

occurrence of bacterial leaf blight and false smut was noticed in this district. Sheath rot

incidence was low in some villages. Among the insect pests, stem borer, leaf folder and BPH

were recorded at low to medium level of incidence across the district. Recommended

insecticides were sprayed. Fertilizers, pesticides and equipments were adequately available.

Power, water and quality seeds were inadequate. Drying and storage facilities were not

available. Hand sprayer was used for spraying of insecticides / fungicides.

Perambalur: Production oriented survey was conducted in eight village in this district. Rice

was predominantly grown as single crop. Direct sowing was practiced in sizable areas. Tanks

and open wells were the major sources of irrigation. Rice varieties ADT 38, ADT 39, CO 43,

White Ponni and BPT 5204 were mainly grown in this district. In general, the average seed

rate was higher as 80-90 kg/ha. Farmers applied the fertilizers at the rate of 30-40 kg N, 20-

25 kg P2O5 and 20-25kg K2O as basal and 70-80 kg N as top dressing in two splits. Random

method of planting was followed by many farmers. Plant population was high as 45-50

Nos./sq.m. in rabi season. In direct sown crop, weed infestation was high. Hand weeding was

commonly adopted. Quality seeds, water and power were inadequate. Storage facility was not

available. Out break of false smut (20-40%) was recorded in CO 43, ADT 38 in Thirumanoor

and Perambalur blocks. Bacterial leaf blight, bacterial leaf streak diseases were common in

ADT 38, CO 43 and BPT 5204. Moderate incidence of stem borer (20-30%) was noticed in

Ariyalur, Thirumanoor and Perambalur blocks. Scattered incidence of leaf folder was noticed

at 5-10%.



Cuddalore: During rabi season, ten villages were covered for production oriented survey in

this district. The annual average rainfall was excess with 140mm. Rice was grown in 8363ha

with an average yield of 5.8 ton/ha in kharif season. Direct sown rice crop was raised both in

kharif and rabi seasons in about 1000 hectares area in Alappakkam, Sindhamanikuppam,

Adhinarayanapuram villages of Cuddalore block. Rice varieties ADT 39, Chinna Ponni and

IR 50 were grown in this tract with irrigation water from Perumal lake. In order to overcome

the water stagnation during monsoon period and labour shortage, rice was continuously

grown as direct sown crop. In rabi season, rice cropping was practiced in about 96000

hectares. In direct sown crop, pre emergence herbicide Sathi @ 250gm/ha was used. Rice

varieties ADT 38, ADT 39, White Ponni, CO 43, CR 1009, ADT 43, IR 50 and BPT 5204

were widely grown. In general farmers used the NPK fertilizers in the main field at the rate of

30-50 kg N/ha, 20-40kg P2O5 /ha. 20-50 kg K2O/ha as basal and 80-120 kg N/ha as two

dressings. Cyperus rotandus, Echinocloa crusgalli, Marsilia quadrifolia and Astracantha

longifolia were the common weeds found in the wet lands. Hand weeding was mostly

adopted. Power supply, water and quality seeds were inadequate to the farmers. Random

method of planting was followed with a plant density of 40-45 nos./sq.m. False smut

outbreak (30-40%) was noticed in CO 43, CR 1009 and BPT 5204 in Parangipettai and

Cuddalore blocks. Bacterial leaf blight, bacterial leaf streak and sheath rot diseases were

recorded to the extend of 10-20%. Mild incidence (5-10%) of brown spot was observed in

some villages. Among the insect pests, stem borer, black bug and gall midge were found at

low to medium level in many villages. Low incidence of leaf folder and BPH was also

recorded. Recommended insecticides / fungicides were applied. Power sprayer was mostly

used by the farmers for spraying of plant protection chemicals.

Prevalence of diseases in Tamil Nadu

District BL NBL SHR BS BLB BLS FS

Thanjavur - - L - L-M L-M L-M

Tiruvarur - - L L L-M L-M L-M

Nagappattinam - - L - L-M L-M L-M

Pudukkottai M - L L L-M L-M L

Tiruchirappalli L-M M L - M - L

Perambalur - - - - L L L-M

Cuddalore - - L-M L L-M L-M M

Prevalence of insect pests in Tamil Nadu

District LF SB BPH RB GM

Thanjavur L L L - -

Tiruvarur L-M L-M L - -

Nagappattinam L L-M L-M - -

Pudukkottai L-M L-M - - -

Tiruchirappalli L-M L-M L-M - -

Perambalur L L - - -

Cuddalore L L-M L L-M L-M



Tripura

District surveyed: West Tripura

Particulars of Survey:

District Agriculture Sub-Division Sector/ Village

West

Tripura

Melaghar Jhumerdhepa and Kaliram ADC Village

Production Oriented Survey for the year 2010-11 was conducted in Melaghar Agri.

Sub-Division of District, Tripura West. The general climatic condition of the area during the

cropping period was normal. During the survey the crop was mostly at maturity stage. Most

of the farmers are marginal having 100.0% crop land area under rice. Maximum numbers of

farmers are following System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of paddy cultivation. As

per survey the predominant High Yielding Variety for the 2nd

Kharif season was found to be

MTU-7029 (Swarna). Varieties namely Pooja and Navin are also found to be popular among

the farmers. Seed rate for S.R.I was found to be mostly 5 kg/ ha while 40 to 50 kg in case of

conventional method of paddy cultivation. Transplanting of paddy was mostly completed

with in the 2nd

fortnight of July to Ist fortnight of August. Majority of the farmers preferred to

apply Cow Dung Manures although it was not as per recommended dose. Farmers have also

adopted transplanting in line instead of random transplanting. Numbers of plant density was

found to be 16 Nos. / m2 in case of S.R.I. while in Conventional method of paddy cultivation

it varies from 30 to 35 Nos. The farmers depend on Govt. Store and Private Retailers for

obtaining fertilizers, pesticides and seeds. Availability of irrigation facility is the prime need

of the farmers along with availability of inputs like fertilizer, bio-fertilizers, and bio-

pesticides at proper time. The weed population was medium. Among weeds Echinochloa

crusgalli, E. colonum, Cyperus rotandus, C. irria, C. globosus, were found to be in majority.

Farmer’s prefer manual weeding and use of weeder in case of S.R.I. None of the farmers

were found to be using chemical weedicides. Among insect pests infestation of Stem Borer

and Leaf Folder was significant while among plant diseases incidence of Sheath Blight,

Brown Spot and Foot rot or “Bakanae” disease in the variety Pooja was observed. For the Ist

time infestation of Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) was significantly recorded in an alarming

manner in the concerned Agri. Sub Division. On an average 2 (two) times plant protection

chemicals were sprayed in a cropping season. Knapsack sprayer was mostly used as

equipment for spraying plant protection chemicals. In respect to pesticide application

insecticides (namely, Monocrotophos 36 %, Triazophos 40%, Chlorpyriphos 50% +

Cypermethrin 5%) are more popular than fungicides (Carbendazim 50%, Carbendazim 12 %

+ Mancozeb 63 %). No instance of mixing up of fungicides with insecticides / weedicides /

fertilizers was recorded.

Occurrence of Diseases and Insect Pests of Paddy

District Diseases Insect Pest

West

Tripura

Shbl BLB BS Bak LF SB

M L M L M L



Uttar Pradesh-1

Districts surveyed:

Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Sultanpur, Barabanki, Basti, St. Kabir Nagar, Gorakhpur,

Maharjganj and Azamgarj

Particulars of survey area

Districts Block/Village

Faizabad Masodha, Pura, Bikapur, Milkipur, Harringtonganj, Khandasa, Maya,

Rudauli, Mawai

Ambedkar Nagar Akbarpur, Jahagirganj, Katehri, Tanda

Sultanpur Baldirai, Dhanpatganj, Kurebhar

Barabanki Ram Sanehi Ghat, Siraulij, Hydergarh, Banikodra

Basti Vikramjot, Munderwa, Sadar, Harriya, Kaptanganj

St. Kabir Nagar Khalilabad, Dhanaghata, Mehdawal, Semeria

Gorakhpur Sahjanwa, Pali, Chargawa, Pipraich

Maharjganj Ghani, Pharenda, Vishesharganj, Rangpur, Sadar, Partawal,

Azamgarj Attaraulia, Boodhanpur, Johanganj

Widely Grown Varieties

Districts Varieties

Faizabad Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, Pant Dhan 10, NDR 97, Pant

Dhan 4, NDRH-2, Arize 6444, Arize 6201, PHB 71, Sonam, Gorakhnath,

Padmavati 5555 Narendra Usar Dhan-3, Pusa Basmati, Type-3, Komal,

Lalmati, Jallahri , Abhimanyu, Suruchi, Rohini, Prithvi

Ambedkar Nagar Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, NDR 359, Arize 6444, Sarjoo 52, PHB 71,

Lalmati, NDR-97, Gorakhnath, Arize Tej, JK Hybrid, Royal Bhog

Sultanpur Sarjoo 52, Swarna, Arize 6444, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, Lalmati, Sabha

Mahsuri, NDR 359, Arize 6201, Prithavi, PHB-71, Pant 10, NDR 97

Barabanki NDRH-2, Ari (Local), Lohtan (Local) Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Shakkarchini,

Kalajeera (Local), PHB-71, Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, Dankal, Arize 6444,

Pant-10, Basmati, NDR-97, Lalmati, Dhanya 775

Basti Gorakhnath 509, Komal, Kalanamak, NDR 97, Swarna, BPT 5204, Dankal,

Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Arize 6444, PHB 71, Basmati, Sai 5629, Moti, NDRH

2, Shiv Shakti, Radha, PR 114, Jallahri, Jalpriya

St. Kabir Nagar Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, NDR 359, Sarjoo 52, Gorakhnath-510, JK 401,

Gorakhnath-509, Mahyco – 5629, Arize 6444, PHB-71, SAI 6698,

Kalanamak, Bengal Juhi, NDRH 2, Sarya (Local), Sonkhar (Local),

Basmati, Dankal, Komal, NDR 97, Kashi Vishwanath, Pusa RH-10, Arize

6201, RH 664, Jallahri, Jalpriya

Gorakhpur Gorakhnath, Komal, Golden, Sambha, Dankal, Kalanamak, Sarjoo-52, Arize

6444, Bengal Juhi, PHB-71, Mahyco 5629, Arize 6201, Hybrid R 808,

Gorakhnath 555, Sonkhar, Sarya (Local), NDR 97, Komal

Maharjganj Golden, Sambha Mahsuri, Sarjoo 52, Kalanamak, Basmati, Arize 6444,

PHB 71, NDR -359, Bengal Juhi, Gorakhnath, Mahyco 5629, Kaveri Sona,

Komal, Shakti, Gorakhnath 509, NDR 97, Gorakhnath 510, JK Hybrid, Pusa

Basmati

Azamgarh Swarna, Sarjoo-52, BPT 5204, PHB 71, NDR 359, Komal, Radha, Sonam,

Rupali, Narendra Usar 3, Gorakhnath, Arize 6444



Particulars of rice area during 2010

District Area under rice production (thousand hectare)

HYV/Hybrid Scented Others Total

Faizabad 94828 - 2271 97099

Ambedkar Nagar 112882 120 0 113002

Sultanpur 153627 - 1646 155273

Barabanki 176705 10 149 176864

Basti 101154 154 1006 102314

St. Kabir Nagar 89337 2 696 90035

Gorakhpur 153088 265 624 153977

Maharjganj 167262 100 89 167451

Azamgarj 202383 33 1161 203577

Production Oriented Survey of rice was undertaken in 9 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh

namely; Faizabad, Sultanpur, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar,

Maharajganj, Azamgarh and Gorakhpur from tillering to maturity stage of rice crop during

WS 2010. This year average rainfall was 745.7 mm. against 865.1 mm of the normal which

was 86.19% of the normal. Out of the 72 districts of U.P. only ten districts receive more than

normal rainfall (i.e. excess) in 26 districts 80-120% of the normal (normal), 18 districts 60-

80% of the normal (deficient), 17 districts 40-60% of the normal (highly deficient) while only

one district very less rainfall below 40% of the normal (scanty) was received. In U.P. targeted

area of rice was 60.00 lac hectare while only 57.16 lac hectare could be planted. This was

about 95.27% targeted area of this year. Last year total planted area of rice was 51.48 lac

hectare with 107.14 lac metric tones production. Due to delayed onset of the monsoon during

kharif 2010crop suffered with early drought. However after starting of the monsoon with

uniform distribution of rainfall crop establish very well and recovered from the effect of early

drought. Planted are of rice in the state was slightly less than targeted area is due delayed

onset of monsoon.

In this year due to drought in stage of the crop disease and insect pest pressure was low.

Although diseases like sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut, and insects

including stem borer and leaf folder were observed from low to moderate intensity. In the

district of Gorakhpur, Maharjganj, St. Kabir Nagar and Basti hoppers were also recorded. In

water logged condition Sheath blight and Bacterial leaf blight was more prevalent while

Brown spot in upland situation and Sheath blight, False smut and Bacterial leaf blight was

observed with low to moderate intensity in irrigated ecological conditions. The most popular

varieties Sambha Mahsuri and Swarna were infected with Sheath blight and Bacterial leaf

blight while Kalanamak and Basmati with Stem borer. In some areas Zinc and Sulphur

deficiency was also observed. Most of the farmers showed interest in growing of hybrids. The

varieties NDR 359, Sarjoo-52, NDR 359, NDR 97, Shushk Samrat, Shambha Mahsuri,

Swarna and hybrids Arize 6444, NDRH – 2, PHB 71, Gorakhnath -509, Mahyco 5629 were

found very popular among the farmers of eastern U.P. The supply of inputs like fertilizers,

seeds and electricity was not adequate during crop season. Poor availability of the farm

laborers were also noticed during survey. Only a small group of farmers were adopting plant

protection measures. The main source of farmers finance is cooperative societies and kisan

credit card. Majority of the farmers are small in holding size and adopting mainly rice-wheat

cropping system followed by rice-sugarcane, rice-mustared, rice-pulses and rice-vegetables.

Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, Cloeme viscosa, Eclipta alba

and Fimbristylis dichotoma were common weed. Majority of the farmers adopting random

transplanting while few are direct seeding. Harvesting is done mainly manual but in the few



districts like Maharajganj, Gorakhpur, St. Kabir Nagar, Basti and Ambedkarnagar use of

combine harvester has become a common practice. The main source of irrigation is tube

well followed by canals. In the certain pockets, short grain aromatic rices including

Kalajeera, Shakkarchin, and Lalmati in Barabanki, Bengal Juhi, Kalanamak in St. Kabir

Nagar, Maharajganj and Gorakhpur were also grown in limited area due to the preference and

liking of these varieties by the farmers. Short duration local varieties viz. Ari and Lohtan in

Barabanki, Saraiya and Sonkhar in St. Kabir Nagar were also cultivated.


Faizabad: Survey was conducted in 8 blocks of Faizabad districts. The prevailing varieties

were Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, Pant Dhan 10, NDR 97, Pant Dhan 4,

NDRH-2, Arize 6444, Arize 6201, PHB 71, Sonam, Gorakhnath, Padmavati 5555 Narendra

Usar Dhan-3, Pusa Basmati, Type-3, Komal, Lalmati, Jallahri , Abhimanyu, Suruchi, Rohini,

Prithvi. The prevailing crop rotations followed by the farmers were rice-wheat, rice-

sugarcane and rice-pulses. The source of irrigation is tubewell and canal. Some progressive

farmers used Moong bean and Dhaincha (Sesbaina spp.) as green manure and FYM before

transplanting. Biotic stresses such as diseases (sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and false

smut) and insects (stem borer and leaf folder) were observed from low to moderate intensity.

The major common weeds of rice were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, Cyperus rotundus

and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Manual weeding was most common. Carbendazim,

Propiconazole, Saaf, Hexaconazole, Monocrotophos, Folidol and Butachlorand Nomineegold

were used for the crop protection. Farmers faced problem in timly supply of inputs and

availability of laborer for transplanting and weeding. Zinc and Iron deficiency was also

noticed. Most of the farmers are using nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers only. Majority

of the farmers used certified seeds of high yielding varieties. Rat damage and blue bull are

noticed and created nuisances in some areas.

Ambedkar Nagar: Predominating varieties in this district were Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna,

NDR 359, Arize 6444, Sarjoo 52, PHB 71, Lalmati, NDR-97, Gorakhnath, Arize Tej, JK

Hybrid, Royal Bhog. The prevailing crop rotation were rice-wheat, rice –sugarcane and Rice

- Pulses. Most of the farmers are using seeds of high yielding varieties obtained from private

and Govt. agencies. Random transplanting was adopted by most of the farmers. Biotic

stresses such as diseases (sheath blight, BLB and false smut) and insects (stem borer and leaf

folder) were observed from low to moderate intensity. Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, C.

rotundus and Fimbristylis dichotoma were most common weeds of rice. Butachlor @ of 2.5

l/ha and Nomineegold @ 200 ml/ha were used to control the weed by few farmers while the

hand weeding was common practice. Multiplex was also used to supply the micro nutrients.

Urea and DAP is major source of fertilizer and MOP was used by few farmers. Carbendazim

@ 1 kg/ha, Saaf @ 1.5 kg/ha and Hexaconazole @ 1.5 l/ha for disease and Carbofuran/Forate

and Folidal 20 kg/ha were used for insect control. The main sources of irrigation are tube

well and canal. Majority of the farmers showing interest in hybrid rice. Harvesting was done

by manual followed by combine harvester.

Sultanpur: The predominating varieties were Sarjoo 52, Swarna, Arize 6444, Narendra Usar

Dhan 3, Lalmati, Sabha Mahsuri, NDR 359, Arize 6201, Prithavi, PHB-71, Pant 10, NDR 97.

Crop rotations adopted by the farmers were rice-wheat, rice-surgarcane, rice-pulses. Moong

bean and Dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) as a green manure were used by few farmers. Nitrogen and

phosphorous were used by majority of farmers while potash was used by very limited

farmers. Random transplanting was done by majority of farmers. Biotic stresses such as



diseases (sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight) and insects (stem borer and gundhi bug) were

observed from low to moderate intensity. The common weeds of rice were Echinochloa

crusgalli, E. colonum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Thiophenate

methyl, Carbendazim and hexaconazole were used to control the disease and Folidal for

Gundhi bug and Butachlor @ 2.5 l/ha and Nomineegold @ 200 ml/ha for control of the weed.

In this district weed problem was severe. Mostly weed was managed by hand weeding. Zinc

deficiency was also recorded. To meet out the Zinc deficiency 20 kg/ha Zinc Sulphate was

applied by few farmers.

Barabanki: The predominating varieties in this districts were NDRH-2, Ari (Local), Lohtan

(Local) Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Shakkarchini, Kalajeera (Local), PHB-71, Sabha Mahsuri,

Swarna, Dankal, Arize 6444, Pant-10, Basmati, NDR-97, Lalmati, Dhanya 775. The

common crop rotation were Rice –wheat, Rice – Mentha, Rice – Mustard/Potato and Rice –

Sugarcane was adopted by the farmers. Main source of irrigation are Tube well and Canal.

Urea and DAP used as basal dose of fertilizer. Biotic stresses such as diseases (sheath blight

and bacterial leaf blight) and insects (stem borer and leaf folder) were observed from low to

moderate intensity. Most of the farmers were using certified seeds and few are their own

seed. Zinc deficiency was also recorded. Common weeds of rice were Echinochloa crusgalli,

E. colonum, C. rotundus and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Carbendazim, Hexaconazole,

Propiconazole, and Copper oxychloride+Streptocyclin were used to control the disease and

Folidal @ 25 kg/ha, Monocrotophos @ 1 l/ha for insects and 2.5 litre Butachlor and

nomineegold @ 200 ml/ha for weed control. Multiplex was used to supply the micronutrient.

Basti: The prevailing varieties were Gorakhnath 509, Komal, Kalanamak, NDR 97, Swarna,

BPT 5204, Dankal, Sarjoo 52, NDR 359, Arize 6444, PHB 71, Basmati, Sai 5629, Moti,

NDRH 2, Shiv Shakti, Radha, PR 114, Jallahri, Jalpriya. Major cropping system adopted by

the farmers is Rice –wheat, Rice- Sugarcane and Rice Pulses. DAP and urea are used at the

time of transplanting while the potash was used by few farmers. Biotic stresses such as

diseases (sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut) and insects (stem borer, leaf

folder and gundhi bug) were observed from low to moderate intensity. Weed problem was

severe in this district. The common weeds of rice were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum

and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Carbendazim, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole and Saaf for sheath

blight and Monocrotophos for insects and Butachlor, Petlachlor and 2,4 D were used to

control of the weeds. Zinc sulphate was used to overcome Zinc deficiency. Use of combine

harvester is common practice. Source of irrigation are tubewell and canal. Mahima variety

was highly infested with Gundhi bug.

Sant Kabir Nagar: The prevailing varieties were Sabha Mahsuri, Swarna, NDR 359, Sarjoo

52, Gorakhnath-510, JK 401, Gorakhnath-509, Mahyco – 5629, Arize 6444, PHB-71, SAI

6698, Kalanamak, Bengal Juhi, NDRH 2, Sarya (Local), Sonkhar (Local), Basmati, Dankal,

Komal, NDR 97, Kashi Vishwanath, Pusa RH-10, Arize 6201, RH 664, Jallahri, Jalpriya.

Rice – wheat and Rice – Sugarcane were major cropping systems adopted by the farmers.

Biotic stresses such as diseases (sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut) and insects

(stem borer, leaf folder, hopper and gundhi bug) were observed from low to moderate

intensity. Tube well and canals are major source of irrigation. Common weeds of rice

observed were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, , C. rotundus, Cleome viscosa and

Fimbristylis dichotoma. Zinc and sulphur deficiency was also recorded. Carbendazim,

Propiconazole & Hexaconazole for the disease and Carbofuran, Folidol and Monocrotophos

were used for insect management. Nomineegold, 2-4 D and Butachlor were used for weed

management. Harvesting is done by combine harvester followed by manual.



Gorakhpur: The popular widely grown varieties were Gorakhnath, Komal, Golden, Sambha,

Dankal, Kalanamak, Sarjoo-52, Arize 6444, Bengal Juhi, PHB-71, Mahyco 5629, Arize

6201, Hybrid R 808, Gorakhnath 555, Sonkhar, Sarya (Local), NDR 97, Komal. Major

cropping pattern were Rice –wheat, Rice – Sugarcane, Rice-Mustard/Potato and Rice –

Pulses. The main source of irrigation is tubewell and canal. Biotic stresses such as diseases

(sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and false smut) and insects (stem borer and hopper) were

observed from low to moderate intensity. The Common economic weeds of rice were

Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, C. rotundus and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Carbendazim,

propiconazole, Copper oxy chloride + Streptocyclin and Monocrotophos & Folidal were used

as crop protection measures. Butachlor and Nomineegold were used for weed management.

Multiplex was used for improving micronutrients deficiency.

Maharajganj: The prevailing varieties were Golden, Sambha Mahsuri, Sarjoo 52,

Kalanamak, Basmati, Arize 6444, PHB 71, NDR -359, Bengal Juhi, Gorakhnath, Mahyco

5629, Kaveri Sona, Komal, Shakti, Gorakhnath 509, NDR 97, Gorakhnath 510, JK Hybrid,

Pusa Basmati. The major crop rotation practice adopted by farmers were Rice –wheat and

Rice – Sugarcane. Golden (MTU 7029) and Sambha Mahsuri were dominating variety of

rice and major rice growing area is occupied by them. FYM is used by some farmers before

transplanting. Low to moderate incidence of diseases (sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight and

false smut) and insects (stem borer and hopper) were observed. Main common weeds of rice

were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum and Fimbristylis dichotoma. Copper oxychloride +

streptocyclin, Carbendazim and Thiophenate methyl for disease, Monocrotophos, Carbofuran

and Forate for insect and Butachlor for weed control were used by farmers to minimize the

incidence of disease, pests and weeds. Zinc deficiency was also recorded which was

recovered by use of ZnSO4. In this district hybrids were grown in a very limited area. Most of

the farmers used combine machine for harvesting of crop. Canal and tubewell were source of

irrigation in this district.

Azamgarh: In this district prevailing varieties were Swarna, Sarjoo-52, BPT 5204, PHB 71,

NDR 359, Komal, Radha, Sonam, Rupali, Narendra Usar 3, Gorakhnath, Arize 6444. Major

cropping system adopted by the farmers were Rice –wheat and Rice – Sugarcane. Biotic

stresses such as diseases (sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight) and insects (stem borer and

leaf folder) were observed from low to moderate intensity. The Common economic weeds of

rice were Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colonum, C. rotundus and Fimbristylis dichotoma.

Carbendazim, propiconazole and Monocrotophos were used as crop protection measures.

Butachlor and Nomineegold were used for weed management. Multiplex was used for

improving micronutrients deficiency. Prevalence of diseases and Insects in Eastern Uttar Pradesh during WS 2010


ShB BLB FS SB LF GB LH

Faizabad L-M L-M L L-M L T -

Ambedkar Nagar L-M L-M L L-M L T -

Sultanpur L-M L L L L T -

Barabanki L-M L L L-M L T -

Basti L-M L-M L L-M L T T

St. Kabir Nagar L-M L-M L L-M L L L

Gorakhpur L-M L-M L L-M L L L-M

Maharjganj L-M L-M L L-M L L M

Azamgarh L-M L-M L-T L L T -



Uttar Pradesh-2

Districts surveyed:

Varanasi, Chandauli, Sonebhadra, Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Azamgarh, Mau and Ballia


DISTRICTS BLOCKS VILLAGES

Varanasi Harauha, Kashi Vidya

peeth, Araziline

Kuarikala, Pallia, Virapatti, Sikandarpur, Gorha,

Mahagipur, Lahanz, Sattarpur,, Jakhani, Sihorwa,

Virbahnpur, Barthana, Dhaurasra, Umraha, Lahartara,

Bithari, Bishunpur, Lohta, Khanao

Chandauli Niyamtabad, Chakiya,

Chandauli Sakhaldiha

Jagdispur Bathariya, Lakhapur, Chitauri, Ganela,

LatifShah, Kaudihar, Thekha, Karnaul, Jamokhar,

Narayanpur. Paura, Inayatpur

Sonebhadra Robertsganj,

Ghorawal

Karma, Mahuao, Tintali, Gaurahi, Boghar, Fulwari,

Rurna, Dhurkari, Madhuka, Pandri, Parsanna,

Jamgaon,

Jaunpur Kuthan, Shahganj,

Badlapur, Suithakalna

Daulatpur, Rampur, Itaura, Tarwa, Rajdharpur,

Samodhpur, Kuthan, Pattinarendrapur, Phatehgarh

Takha Naupadwa, Badlapur

Ghazipur Mardha, BaraChawar, ,

Kasmabad, Karanda

Tezpura, Gai, Chawar , Gariha, Bahadurganj, Patar,

Bharauli, Bishambharpur, Pathepur, Uttarao, Akathi.,

Abnishan, , Prithivipur, Khojua, Dumrao

Azamgarh Belariyaganj, Thekma

Rani ki saray

Unchgaon, Sohawali, Chotampur, Majhgaon,

Favenda, Sikrauna

Mau Pardaha, Ratanpura,

Kopaganj, Mohmdabad,

Goshi,

Bakauich, Unaich, Dumarao, Duraona, Katra,

Haldharpur , Pilkhi, Parmanand patii, Rajanpur

Sahroj, Bara, Khirikotha, kathghara , Telswa,

Shankar, Majhwara, Dighara

Ballia Rasra, Sohao Nibu, Sardaspur, khazhari, Dehri, Chitbaragao,

Bhagani, Nahari, Laxmanpur, Chaura, katharia,


Districts Rice Varieties

Varanasi Sarjoo-52, PHB-71, Pant Dhan 10, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, HUBR 2-1,

Type-3. Pusa Basmati, Komal, Moti

Chandauli Sarjoo-52, Moti, Sonam, Badshah bhog, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, HUBR 2-

1

Sonebhadra Sarjoo-52, PHB-71, NDR-97, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, Pant-12, Arize-6444,

Govindbhog, Sonam, PRH-1, Rupali, Jaya, Balidan, Hybrid-312

Jaunpur Sarjoo-52, Ganga Kauveri, Pant Dhan 10, Pant Dhan 12, NDR-97, NDR-359, BPT-

5204, MTU-7029, Rupali, Sonam, Jaisurya . Kalanamak, Type -3 Pusa Basmati,

Komal

Ghazipur Sarjoo-52, Arize 6444, Sonam,NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, Kalanamak, Moti

Azamgarh Sarjoo-52, Pant Dhan 10, NDR-97, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, Moti,

Mau Sarjoo-52, , NDR-97, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, Pusa Basmati, Moti, Sonam,

Kalanamak

Ballia Sarjoo-52, PHB-71, Arize 6444,Type-3, NDR-359, BPT-5204, MTU-7029, Moti,

Jalpriya, Jalnidhi.



Particulars of rice area Districts Rice area

(ha)

(2009-10)

Rice

production(q)

(2009-10)

Productivity

(2009 -10 )

Rice area

(ha)

(2010-11)

Rice

production(q)

(2010 -11 )

Productivity

(2010 -11 )

Varanasi 39,295 58,274 14.83 45,798 79,925 17.45

Chandauli 86,936 174,664 20.09 101,323 239,544 23.64

Sonebhadra 17,327 21,399 12.35 20,194 29,350 1453

Jaunpur 129,555 255,484 19.72 150,996 350,406 23.21

Azamgarh 190.222 332,128 17.46 221,702 455,526 20.55

Mau 76,241 111,464 14.62 88,858 152,877 17.20

Ballia 82,351 89,433 10.86 95,979 122,661 12.78

Ghazipur 121,103 224,041 18.50 141,144 307,281 21.77

Source : Data provided by U.P. State Department of Agriculture

Rainfall (mm) in the kharif season 2010-11 Districts June July August September October November

Varanasi 19.5 190.4 258.1 158.7 33.8 7.7

Chandauli 0.0 193.2 222.1 89.6 8.4 1.8

Sonebhadra 16.5 150.2 102.2 193.9 10.4 7.5

Jaunpur 5.0 121.0 219.6 130.6 21.3 1.9

Azamgarh 44.5 152.0 205.4 368.3 17.3 0.0

Mau 17.5 174.8 285.4 175.2 15.0 0.0

Ballia 23.1 156.2 294.6 182.1 21.0 0.0

Ghazipur 4.5 305.2 300.4 110.2 5.5 0.0

Source : Data provided by U.P. State Department of Agriculture

Eight Districts of Eastern region of Uttar Pradesh viz., Varanasi, Chandauli,

Sonebhadra, Jaunpur, Ghazipur, Azamgarh, Mau, and Ballia covering more than ten villages

and more than two blocks in each district were surveyed during Kharif season 2010-11 with

the help of Scientist working in the Banaras Hindu University and Scientist working in the

Krishi Vigyan Kendra of these districts for the biotic stresses like diseases and insects of the

rice crop. Most of the survey was conducted during dough to maturity stages of the rice crop.

This year monsoon was good in this region providing plenty of water as rainfall but pattern of

rainfall occurrence was not coincide with the time of critical water requirement for the rice

crop. In this region most of the rice crop was irrigated by tub well, pumping set or canal but

high input cost of irrigation tended most of the farmers to depend upon the rainfall for rice

crop. Farmers enquired this time was mostly marginal or sub marginal which is poor and feel

constraints in adopting new rice technology due to small holdings and deficient in terms of

money and grow rice crop mainly for their domestic consumption. The specific needs of the

farmers were irrigation facilities, timely availability of good quality seeds and fertilizers.

Marginal and Sub-marginal farmers grow rice crop mainly for its own consumption and

preferred growing rice varieties like Sarjoo-52, NDR359, MTU 7029 for getting more yield

rather than growing basmati or scented rice. Most of the small holding farmers are poor,

usually they enquire and apply insecticides and fungicides when losses seems severe and

most of them for weed control preferred hand weeding rather than applying herbicides. Big

and progressive farmers grow rice for its own consumption and keeping in view of its

marketing also so they try to adopt all the management practices required for rice to get more

yield and which can fetch them good amount of money. They show keen interest in getting

trained on new technology required for growing hybrid and basmati rice with the fully

adoption of package and practices for the control of insect and plant diseases. Some

multinational companies of seed production and pesticides regularly conduct some

demonstration trials in the farmer’s field of this region in view of making them aware about



parameters required for increase in yield and for testing new molecules or products in the

farmer’s field to increase the demand for marketing of their company.

Only few farmers used manures or organic compost in the rice field they preferred to

use it in the rice nursery rather than using in the main field. Most of the farmers used

inorganic fertilizers for growing rice crops and depend mainly on the Primary Agriculture

Credit Society (PACS) for procurement but sometime delayed or non availability of

fertilizers and seeds at the time of critical application in the rice field leads to drastic

reduction in the rice yield. Fertilizers were applied in the form of Urea (as basal and top

dressing), DAP, SSP and Murate of Potash while some of the farmers were using

micronutrients also. For the hybrid rice comparatively higher doses of NPK were applied.

Farmers purchased seeds from State seed supplying agencies but most of the marginal and

sub-marginal farmers grow the seed harvested from last year crops. Farmers usually hire

plant protection equipment from the market at per hour basis for spraying.

The prevailing crop rotations in this region which farmers adopted were rice – wheat

/ mustard, rice-sugarcane, rice- pulses, rice- vegetables. In most of the field surveyed weed

infestation was found low to medium. The most predominant weeds were Echinochloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Eclipta alba, Cyperus rotundus¸ C. irie, and Cynadon dactylon. For

weed management two to three hand weeding were common in practice while some of the

farmers were using weedicides like Butachlor and 2,4-D. Symptoms of brown spots and leaf

blast disease this time frequently observed at the stage of maturity of crops rather than at

early stages showing less damage this year. Sheath blight, Sheath rot and Bacterial leaf blight

was predominantly observed in all the districts surveyed. False smut disease which was last

year observed predominantly and in severe form in the canal irrigated Chaundauli District,

this year it was commonly observed in all the areas surveyed and nearly all the varieties were

severely affected from this disease. This year false smut was observed moderate to severe

form in the surveyed areas of Varanasi, Chandauli and Sonebadhra districts. The chemicals

like Mancozeb (2-2.5 kg/ha), carbendazim (0.5- 1.0 kg/ha) or hexaconazole (1lit./ ha) were

used by some farmers for disease control. The attack of stem borer and gundhi bug were

rendered in most of the region. Some progressive and marginal farmers used phorate 10 G @

5-6 kg/ha or carbofuran 3 G @ 10-15 kg /ha for the management of insects and pests.

However, most of the farmers (80 – 90 %) had not applied any remedial measures against

diseases, insect pest and weeds. Most of the farmers have inadequate facilities required for

rice growing, Drying and Storage facilities were mostly not available to the farmers. Post

harvest losses were observed to be 10-15 %. The average grain yield of rice ranged from 35 –

40 q /ha for HYVs and 40 – 65 q /ha for hybrid, while the productivity of rice crop varies

from 12q/ha to 23 q/ha in the surveyed districts. Rice root knot nematode problem is

increasing day by day in the surveyed districts may be due to the most prevalent cropping

system of rice and wheat. Rizosphere and root of both the crops harbour and show root

galling by root knot nematode and there is need to consider this minor pest problem to reduce

it severity.

Varanasi : In the district of Varanasi area under rice crop was 39295 ha in 2009-10 which

this year increased to become 45798 ha with the total rice production with 79925 and

productivity as 17.45 q/ha .The area under hybrid rice was 1712 ha while under scented and

basmati rice area was 550 ha while with other rice varieties cover 43536 ha in the Varanasi

district. The varieties Samba Mahsuri, Swarna, Sarjoo-52, NDR-359, HUBR 2-1, Arize-

6444, Pusa Basmati 1, Type-3, Komal and Moti were commonly grown. The source of



irrigation in the district is tube-well and canal but farmers mainly depend upon rainfall for

getting good crop production. The crop rotation generally followed by farmers were rice-

wheat some farmers grow pulse crop also after the harvest of the rice crop. Some progressive

farmers were using zero tillage technology for minimizing the time period in delayed wheat

sowing and utilization of moisture from the rice field. Biotic stresses such as diseases (brown

spot, leaf blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, sheath rot, false smut and glume

discolouration) and insects (stem borer, gundhi bug, leaf folder, termite and root knot

nematode) were observed from low to moderate intensity. This year false smut, sheath blight,

Bacterial leaf blight and sheath rot were the predominant disease observed irrespective of

hybrid or non hybrid varieties. Farmers generally used Sheathmar, Contaf, Tilt, carbendazim,

propiconazole, hexaconazole, monocrotophos, carbofuran, chloropyriphos for the

management of disease and insect pest. The major common weeds of rice were Echinochloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus. Most of the farmers prefer hand weeding or applied

Butachlor @ 1.5 -2 L /ha. Farmers living in the vicinity of university grow certified seeds of

high yielding varieties released from the university by purchasing from the Banaras Hindu

University or FLD programme which is used to popularizing high yielding rice varieties. In

the nursery root knot is also found major problem in the farmers’ fields which show stunting

and yellowing symptom which they confused as bacterial leaf blight or zinc deficiency.

Chaundauli: In this district major area were under rice crop during kharif season was 86936

ha in 2009 -10 with the total production of 174664 quintal having productivity 20.09 q/ha

which was increases to 101323 ha area with the production as 239544 q and increase in the

productivity as 23.64 q/ha in the year 2010-11. Area under Hybrid rice 6700ha while area

with scented or basmati was 1110ha and most of the area were in HYV of late maturing

varieties which were 83513 ha. The main irrigation facility in this district is the canal and the

farmers mostly depend on the time and duration of irrigation water available in the canal.

Farmers mostly preferred to grow late maturing varieties like Sambha mahsuri and Nati

mahsuri (MTU-7029). In some villages, few farmers were also growing varieties like

Badshah bhog, Ganga Cauveri, Moti in small extent. Major crop rotations adopted by the

farmers were rice – wheat, rice – pulses. This year Brown spot and Blast disease was

observed low to moderate intensity but sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight was observed to

moderate to severe form irrespective of different high yielding varieties. False smut this year

was also found to be most problematic and severe disease in this district. Insects like stem

borer was found commonly in most of the fields while gundhi bug and leaf folder was also

observed to moderate to low in intensity. The common weeds of rice were Echinochloa

colona, E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus, C. iria. Small and marginal farmers prefer

handweeding rather than using herbicides but most of the progressive farmers of the district

use herbicides and well equipped with all the implements and adopt zero tillage also to some

extent also. Water in the canal was basic source of irrigation hence timely release of water in

the canal play important role in rice production in this district this is the reason that this

region is also called bowl of rice also having maximum yield and productivity. Hence

farmers preferred growing late maturing varieties which can be harvested at the time of water

receding from the canal. General crop condition was good except in the upland area or area

outreach of canal irrigation. Farmers generally used Sheathmar, Contaf, hexaconazole and

validamycin to control sheath blight, Copper oxychloride was used for the control of False

Smut. While for the control of leaf blast and brown spot farmers did not use any fungicide

because their incidence comes late in the rice crop mainly at the time of maturing and

harvesting of the crops. Farmers use Phorate for the control of insects while butachlor @ 2.5

lit /ha for the control of weeds.



Sonebhadra: In sonebhadra district rice area in 2009 -10 were only 17327 due to less rainfall

which increases to 20194ha with the production of 29350 quintal and the productivity

14.53q/ha this year. Area under hybrid rice was 7600 ha in the district but farmers were less

interested in growing basmati rice on the account of growing high yielding varieties in the

area of 12694 ha. The survey was possible to conduct only in the two blocks of this district

due to convenience at dough or maturity stage of the crop. Most of the farmers were marginal

to sub marginal and lack of irrigation facility most of the area of this district depend upon

rainfall for the rice cultivation this is the reason for farmers preferring for growing Sarjoo-

52, NDR-359, Pant -10, MTU 7029 and BPT 5204 for its own consumption and for

marketing purposes. The common needs of the farmers of the region include creation of

irrigation facilities by building check dams, tractor, diesel water pump on hired basis. The

main weeds of this region under rice crops were Echinochloa colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyperus

rotundus, Agiratum conozoides which was recorded from low to medium commonly in all the

fields and were deep rooted by hand weeding. Sheath blight, Bacterial leaf blight, False smut

and Grain discolouration were observed in medium to low intensities in most of the grown

varieties. Tilt, Sheathmar, Indofil M-45 @ 2.5 kg/ha Carbendazim @ 1.0 kg/ha, were used

for management of above disease by farmers. Stem borer leaf folder, gundhi bug and termite

were controlled by applying with insecticides like Phorate 10 G @ 5-6 kg /ha, chloropyriphos

@ 1.5 lit / ha. Zinc deficiency was also recorded in some of the field where farmers were

applying 20 kg / ha ZnSO4 or Sulphur dust.

Jaunpur: In the district of Jaunpur rice was grown in 129556 ha area during 2009-10 with

the production of 255,484 Quintal having productivity as 19.72 q/ha. This year area under

rice crop was increased to become 150996 ha with hybrid varieties cover 32002 ha while

scented or basmati rice cover 1680 and other high yielding varieties occupy 117314 ha area

with the total production of 350406 quintal with the productivity of maximum in the region

as 23.21 q/ha. The predominant varieties in this district were Nati mahsoori, Sambha

mahsoori, NDR-359, Sarjoo-52, Pant -4,Moti Komal Sonam Pusa Basmati etc. The crop

rotations followed by most of the farmers were rice- wheat, rice- sugarcane and rice- pulses.

Most of the farmers were using seeds of high yielding varieties obtained from private and

Government agencies while some farmers are adopting hybrid rice also. Biotic stresses such

as diseases (sheath blight, Sheath rot , bacterial leaf blight, glume discolouration and false

smut) and insects like (stem borer, leaf folder, gundhi bug, termite and root knot nematode)

were observed from low to moderate intensities. Common weeds of rice were Echinochloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus. Most of the farmers use hand weeding but use of

Butachlor 2 lit/ha is also in practice. Sulphur dust and Carbendazim Sheathmar were used to

control the disease and folidol @ 25 kg/ ha, monocrotophos @ 1lit/ha for insects

Ghazipur: In the Ghazipur district area under rice crop in 2009 -10 were 121103 ha which

increases this year to become 141144 ha area with hybrid varieties covering 7154 ha and

scented varieties as 1110 ha while other high yielding varieties cover 132880 ha with the total

production of 307281 Quintal with the productivity of 21.77. The crops were in maturity

stage at the time of survey. The common varieties grown in the districts were Sarjoo-52,

Samba Mahsuri, NDR-359, Jaya, Moti. Most of the farmers grow rice crop by following

random transplanting but the skills and accuracy of labours in transplanting sometime make

it confuse with it as line sowing . The weed population was low to medium and most of the

farmers used hand weeding for weed control. Only few of the farmers were using Butachlor

and 2-4 D as weedicide. Most of the agricultural inputs like equipments, seeds, power, water,

pesticides, fertilizers, drying and storage facilities were scarce. Most of the biotic stresses like



Sheath blight, Sheath rot, bacterial leaf blight and false smut were found in moderate to

severe intensity among the diseases while stem borer and leaf folder were found in low to

moderate intensity. Most of the farmers were not using any fungicides for the control of

disease few of them occasionally used carbendazim, tricyclazole, contaf or sulhur dust and

spray of insecticides like Phorate, Indofil M-45 for the control of insects. In some field

termite was also main problem were farmers were suggested to use chloropyriphos. @ 1.5 L

/ha. Zinc deficiency was also recorded in some field were farmers were applying 20 Kg

ZnSO4.

Azamgarh: In the district of azamgarh total cultivated area under rice crop was 213081 ha in

2008 -09 which becomes 190222 ha in 2009-10 and increases this year as 221702 due to

better onset of monsoon. The areas under high yielding variety were 200632 ha while Hybrid

covers 20420 ha area and scented/ basmati cover the area of 650ha with the total production

this year as 455526 with the total productivity as 20.55 q/ha . The varieties which were found

most popular among the farmers of this district were Swarna, Sarjoo-52, NDR 359, PHB71,

NDR-97, Sambha mahsoori. Biotic stresses such as diseases (sheath blight, bacterial leaf

blight and false smut) were observed moderate to low intensity. False smut and incidence of

stem borer was observed nearly in all the field visited. Leaf folder and gundhi bug were

observed in the field to low to moderate intensity. The common weeds of rice were

Echinochloa colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus, Fimbrilis dichotoma. Major cropping

system was adopted by the farmers is rice- sugarcane and rice- wheat.

Mau: In this district area of rice crop in 2008-09 were 91102 ha which were reduced to

76241 ha due to severe drought last year but increases this year to become 88858 ha with the

total production of 152877 Quintal and productivity as 17.20q/ha. The area under hybrid rice

was 11134 ha; scented varieties cover 650 while other area covers by high yielding varieties

as 77074 ha. The crops were in dough and maturity stage when the production oriented

survey was conducted. The common crop rotation practice in the district was rice-maize, rice

wheat, rice- pulses. The predominant varieties in the district were NDR-97, NDR-359,

Sarjoo-52, Sambha mahsoori, Swarna Moti. The common weeds were Echinochloa colona,

E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus, Fimbrilis dichotoma. Most of the farmers used hand weeding

only few farmers applied weedicides like Butachlor (2.5lit/ha). The common needs of the

farmers were seeds of high yielding varieties, fertilizers, water and timely availability of

inputs. Among the diseases bacterial leaf blight and false smut were observed in nearly all the

field selected for survey. Sheath blight and leaf spot were present in moderate form. Insect

pests like stem borer, termite were found in low to moderate intensity. In some field there

was observed some patches of zinc deficiency symptoms where farmers applied Zinc

sulphate at the rate of 8 kg per acre. The pesticides like Bavisitn, Blitox-50, Copper

oxychloride, contaf were used for different disease and Phorate and Monocrotophos were

applied for the management of insect pests.

Ballia: In this district last year2009-10 area under rice crop was 82351 ha which increases

this year to become 95979 ha and the area under high yielding variety were 77649 ha with

the total production as 122661 quintal and productivity as minimum in all the surveyed

districts as 12.78 q/ha. The predominant varieties of rice cultivated in this district were

Swarna, Sarjoo-52, Type-3, Sambha mahsoori, Arize-6444, , Kalanamak, Jalpriya Jalnidhi.

The major cropping systems adopted by the farmers were rice- wheat, rice – pulses, rice-

mustard. Biotic stresses such as disease (brown spot, sheath blight, Bacterial leaf blight and



false smut were observed to moderate to severe form. Sheath rot were also observed in some

of the field which were of low intensity. False smut was observed in most of the field were

all the varieties infected by this disease.The common weeds of rice were Echinochloa

colonum, E. crusgalli, Cyperus rotundus butachlor @ 2.5 lit/ha was used for the control of

weeds. Most of the farmers did not adopt any plant protection measures for disease control

but for insect control they use folidol, phorate and monocrotophos when the damage caused

by insects become in severe form and become apparent. In some fields infestation of rice root

knot nematode was also observed which is becoming a serious concern mainly for rice- wheat

cropping system because both the crops shows root galling in their roots which can be

managed by adopting change in crop rotation or carbofuradon for its control to reduce the

build up of plant parasitic population in the soil.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi)


ShB BlB BS LB ShR FS SB LF GB T RKN

Varanasi M M S M-S M-L M-S M-S M M L M

Chaundauli L M L M-S L S M-S L-M M L M

Sonebhadra L-M M-S M M-S L-M M-S M M M L M

Jaunpur L-M M M-S M-S L M M L M L-M L

Ghazipur M-S M-S M L-M L M-S L-M L-M M L M

Azamgarh M M-S M L-M L M-S L-M L-M M L-M L

Mau M M-S M-S M-S L-M M-S M L M L M

Ballia M M M-S M-S L M-S L-M L M L M



West Bengal

District surveyed: Purba Medinpur, South 24-Parganas, North 24-Parganas, Malda , Uttar

Dinajpur, Mushirabad and Nadia.


District Blocks/

Taluques Villages

PURBA MEDINIPUR EGRA-I & II, RAMNAGAR-I, CONTAI-I

Olipur, Bastia, Amipara, Nariha, Naria,

Pyrachali

South 24-Parganas Mathurapur-I,

Basanti-I,

Gasaba-I

Basanti Paschim, Srirampur, Sarberia, Krishna

chendrapur, Krishnanagar, Rangabhelia,

Manmathanagar, Salone, Bipradaspur,

Chandimore

North 24-Parganas Habra-I,

Habra-II Payragachi, Beena Malikpara

Malda Old Malda,

Gazol

Kalitala, Simul Dhap, Purba Ranipur, Palsah

Danga, Agampur

Uttar Dinajpur Hemtabad,

Kaliaganj

Kalna, Kakan Singh, Sasan, Doluppum, Anijil

Puhanda, Binagram, Hazratpur, Madhya

Durgapur, Rahgavpur, Deogram

Mushirabad Bshampore Sripur Danga

Nadia Nabadwip-I,

Nabadwip-II

Miyapura, Simulgachi, Brahmanpura, Panshilla

WIDELY GROWN VARIETIES Districts Rice varieties

PURBA MEDINIPUR

CR 1017, CR 1018, MTU 7029, SANTOSI, SUNDARISAL, BHALLXI, MTU 1010, IET 5656

South 24-Parganas Swarna, jaya, Satabdi, Pankaj, Anjana, G.S.-I, Mahsuri, Vijaya,

Sabita, Swarna sub-I, Nilanjana, IET 5656, Narendra 97, MTU

1010, Marichsail, Locals: Chinikamini, Sitabhog, Govindabhog,

Dudeshawar, Dudasal, Ruspal, Maula, Xalomota, Talmugu, MTU

7029, MTU 1047, CR 1017, NC 492, CR 1009, KRH-2

North 24-Parganas MTU7029, IET 4786, Ranjit, Pratiksha, Swarna, Satabdi, IET 5656,

MTU 1010, IET 1001, Bashmukhi, Sonamukhi, Mahsuri

Malda MTU 7029, Swarna, BR-II, Gobindbhog, Panijat

Uttar Dinajpur Ranjit, Swarna, MTU 7029, Niranjan, Tulai Panji, IET 5656, PA

6444, Nagna, Rolar, PHB-71, Kalo Changa, Janurui

Mushirabad Mini Swarna (B-11), Afgan, Jasmine, Gontra Dhan-I (GS-I)

Nadia MTU 7029, IET 4786, Lal Swarna, Minikit, Nayanmoni, Ratna,

Shatabdi, IR-36, Lalat, Pratiksha



In west bengal production oriented survey (pos) was conducted in 7 districts viz.,

Purba Medinpur, South 24-Parganas, North 24-Parganas, Malda , Uttar Dinajpur, Mushirabad

and Nadia. The weather condition during the crop growth period was normal, though;

drought was reported as major problem in some of the districts surveyed. The survey was

conducted mainly during maturity stages of the crop in most of the districts. Prevalent rice

varieties grown by the farmers were CR 1017, CR 1018, MTU 7029, MTU 1010, IET 5656,

Swarna, jaya, Satabdi, Pankaj, Anjana, G.S.-I, Mahsuri, Vijaya, Sabita, Swarna sub-I,

Nilanjana, Narendra 97, Chinikamini, Sitabhog, Govindabhog, Dudeshawar, Dudasal,

Ruspal, Maula, Xalomota, Talmugu, MTU 1047, NC 492, CR 1009, KRH-2, IET 4786, IET

1001, Bashmukhi, Sonamukhi, BR-II, Tulai Panji, PA 6444, Nagna, PHB-71, Kalo Changa,

Janurui, Minikit, Nayanmoni, Ratna, IR-36 and Lalat. The crop rotations practiced by the

farmers were Rice –Groundnut/Vegetables, Rice - Groundnut - Rice, Rice – Rice, Rice –

Vegetables, Rice – Sunflower/potato/Vegetables, Rice – Chilli/Mung/Vegetables/Sunflower,

Rice-Rice-Mung/Chilli, rice-mustard-rice, jute-rice-vegetable, rice-til-jute, rice-potato/wheat-

jute and Rice–Maize/Vegetables. The farmers used 25 – 100% of their land for rice

cultivation. The use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were followed by

the farmers though they have not followed the recommendations. Major biotic stresses like

blast, neck blast, brown spot, sheath blight, sheath rot, false smut and grain discoloration

were recorded in low to high intensities. In some of the areas severe crop damage caused by

sheath blight and browns pot was noticed. Common insect pest problems were stem borer,

leaf folder, brown plant hopper, mite, green leaf hopper, whorl maggot, rice bug, cutworm

and rats etc. Some of the common needs of the farmers were: (1) availability of labor (2)

irrigation facility (3) quality seeds (4) storage and drying facility (5) minor equipments.


Purba Medinipur: The production oriented survey was conducted at maturity stages of the

crop in the district. The farmers of this district utilized 75-100% of their lands for kharif rice

cultivation. Total rice area in this district is 260,000 Ha of which 119760 Ha is irrigated and

planted area is 280175 Ha. HYVs were grown in about 1, 99,950 Ha of land during kharif

season. The weather condition of the district during kharif season was normal. Most

commonly practiced crop rotations were Rice –Groundnut/Vegetables, Rice – Vegetables,

Rice - Groundnut/Vegetables - Rice, Rice - Groundnut - Rice, Rice - Rice. The popular rice

varieties grown at this area were CR 1017, CR 1018, MTU 7029, santosi, sundarisal, bhallxi,

MTU 1010, IET 5656. The average yield of Kharif rice as reported by the farmers varied

between 3.2 to 5.5 Q/ha. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was 14 June to 6

July and 16 July to 5 August. Farmers used ungerminated seeds for raising the seedlings and

the average seed rate was 60-70 kg/Ha. In the nursery beds, some farmers applied Thimet (9

Kg/Ha) 6 days before uprooting, Regent G (15 Kg/ha) 7 days before uprooting. In addition,

some of the farmers used urea, DAP, SSP and MOP fertilizers in nursery. Some farmers did

not applied fertilizers while some applied organic manure (2 Q/ha). In the main fields,

farmers applied 25-35 Kg N/ha, 12-40 Kg P/ha and 15-40 Kg K/ha as basal and top dressing.

Some farmers did not apply Phosphorus in the main field while some farmers applied Sulphur

(40 Kg.ha). Transplanting was random and plant density ranged from 30-33 hills/m2. The

intensity of weed infestation was low to medium and the common weeds were Marsitica,

E.Colona, Star grass. Some of the farmers do hand weeding and applied 2-4 D (25-40 Kg/ha).

Occurrence of weedy rice was negligible. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation were

adequate except Storage facilty, equipments, Drying facility, quality seeds. Among the

diseases, False Smut in low to moderate intensity recorded in MTU-7029 and CR-1018

varieties, and low intensity of leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, sheath blight and grain



discoloration was recorded mainly in MTU 1010, IET 5656 and santosi cultivars. The insect

pests recorded were BPH, stem borer, whorl maggot and leaf folder in low intensity. Most of

the farmers adopted plant protection measures and they used knapsack sprayer for applying

different pesticides. Farmers applied fungicides like Carbofuran (25 Kg/ha) for sheath blight,

Contap (1.5ml/L), Beem (0.75ml/L) for Leaf & Neck blast. Farmers applied Metacide

(2ml/L), Chloropyriphos (3ml/L), Regent (15 Kg/ha), Anth (1.75ml/L) for Stem Borer, Agent

plus (2ml/L), Anaconda/Endoe (2ml/L), Aplot (2ml/L) for Stem borer, BPH & Leaf Folder,

for Stem borer, Bavistin (2gm/L) for Neck Blast, False smut, and grain discoloration. Few

Farmers did not apply fungicides/chemicals. 1-2 sprays were done.The post harvest loss was

negligible.

South 24-Parganas: The production oriented survey was conducted twice, once at milking

and another at dough stages of the crop in the district. The farmers of this district utilized 70-

100% of their lands for kharif rice cultivation. Total rice area in this district is 319333 Ha of

which 69214 Ha is irrigated. The weather condition of the district during kharif season was

normal. Most commonly practiced crop rotations were Rice –Vegetables-Rice, Rice –

Vegetables, Rice – Sunflower/potato/Vegetables, Rice – Chilli/Mung/Vegetables/Sunflower,

Rice-Rice-Mung/Chilli, Rice-Mung, Rice-Mung/Cotton/Sunflower/Vegetables. The popular

rice varieties grown at this area were Swarna, jaya, Satabdi, Pankaj, Anjana, G.S.-I, Mahsuri,

Vijaya, Sabita, Swarna sub-I, Nilanjana, IET 5656, Narendra 97, MTU 1010, Marichsail,

Locals: Chinikamini, Sitabhog, Govindabhog, Dudeshawar, Dudasal, Ruspal, Maula,

Xalomota, Talmugu, MTU 7029, MTU 1047, CR 1017, NC 492, CR 1009, KRH-2. The

average yield of Kharif rice as reported by the farmers varied between 1.8 to 6.0 Q/ha. The

optimum time of sowing and transplanting was 6 June to 10 August and 8 July to 9

September. Farmers used ungerminated seeds for raising the seedlings and the average seed

rate was 60-75 kg/Ha. In the nursery beds, some farmers applied Manures like Neem Khol

(1Q), Vermicompost (40 -60 Kg), Cowdung Manure (50Kg-2Q), organic manure (1-4Q),

Pollutry manure (2q/ha), mustard cake(75 Kg-1.5Q/ha). In addition, some of the farmers do

seed treatment with Bavistin (4g/L), Phorate (10Kg/ha) 7 days before uprooting and Furadam

(15 Kg/ha) 5 days before uprooting. Some of the farmers used urea (10-20Kg/ha), DAP

(45Kg/acre) and MOP (15 Kg/ha) fertilizers in nursery. In the main fields, farmers applied

17-70 Kg N/ha, 15-40 Kg P/ha and 10-40 Kg K/ha as basal and top dressing. Some farmers

did not apply Fertilisers in the main field while some farmers applied manures along with

fertilizers. Some farmers applied mustard oil cake (60Kg/acre), Sunflower cake (3Q/ha),

Cowdung compost (9Q/ha), vermicompost (50Kg/acre), poultry fertilizers (2Q/ha).

Transplanting was random and plant density ranged from 25-33 hills/m2. The intensity of

weed infestation was low to negligible and the common weeds were Marsitica, E.Colona,

Star grass, Chara, E. crussagali. Some of the farmers do hand weeding and for weed

management. Occurrence of weedy rice was negligible. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation

were adequate except Storage facilty, equipments, Drying facility, quality seeds, water

Government subsidy on equipments. Among the diseases, low intensity of leaf blast, neck

blast, sheath rot, sheath blight, false smut, leaf scald, brown spot and grain discoloration was

recorded. The insect pests recorded were BPH, stem borer, leaf folder, mite, green leaf

hopper, case worm, rice bug in low intensity. Most of the farmers adopted plant protection

measures and they used knapsack sprayer for applying different pesticides. Plant protections

measures were not adopted by some of the farmers. Major problem of soil was soil salinity

but no corrective measures were adopted. Farmers applied fungicides like Tilt (1.5ml/L), Tie

(1ml/L) for sheath blight & stem borer, Hamla (1.5ml/L), Conta plus (1.5ml/L) for sheath

blight & false smut, Beem (1ml/L) for Leaf & Neck blast, Furadum (20Kg/ha), Cannon



(1.5ml/L), Endosulfan (1.5ml/L), Phorate (15Kg/ha), Ripcord (2ml/L), Thimet (25Kg/ha),

Neem Oil (1ml/L) for Stem Borer & Leaf Folder. The post harvest loss was negligible.

North 24-Parganas: Twenty seven farmers in two villages in this district were contacted for

production oriented survey in this district. One survey was taken up during end of December,

2010 when the crops were in maturity stage. The climatic conditions were normal. Rice

cultivation consisted 32-100% of land area and farmers in this region generally cultivate one

or two rice crop in a year. The main crop rotation was rice-mustard-rice, rice-rice, jute-rice-

vegetable, rice-vegetable-rice, rice-rice-vegetable, rice-til-jute and paddy-jute-paddy. Most

predominant varieties in this region were MTU7029, IET 4786, Ranjit, Pratiksha, Swarna,

Satabdi, IET 5656, MTU 1010, IET 1001, Bashmukhi, Sonamukhi, Mahsuri. The average

rice yield in the district ranged from 4300-7800 kg/ha. The optimum time of sowing and

transplanting was 15 June to 26 July and 14 July to 30 August. Farmers used germinated/un-

germinated seeds for raising the seedlings and used 50-65 Kg seeds/ha. In the nursery beds,

some farmers applied cow dung manure and compost. In addition, one of the farmers used

fertilizers like sufala (15-27 Kg/ha), urea (46-50 Kg/ha), SSP(40-50 Kg/ha) and MOP (40-50

Kg/ha) in nursery . In the main fields, farmers applied 70-100 Kg/ha nitrogen, 30-50 Kg/ha

phosphorus and 30-50 Kg/ha potash as basal and top dressing. Transplanting was done in line

by most farmers while some did randomly. Plant density ranged from 33- 50 plants/m2. The

intensity of weed infestation was low-medium and the common weeds were cyperus,

cynadon and echinochloa. Most of the farmers utilized glyphosate, paraquat, manual and

hand weeding for the management of weeds. Low to high occurrence of weedy rice was

encountered in some farmer’s field, in very few it was recorded high. Most of the inputs for

rice cultivation were adequate. The only demand of the farmers was equipments, pesticides,

quality seeds, irrigation, drying and storage facility. Among the diseases, sheath rot was

recorded in high intensity while sheath blight and brown spot was present in low-high

intensity. The insect pests recorded were stem borer in moderate intensity and brown plant

hopper, green leaf hopper in low intensity. Few farmers contacted had a problem of zinc

deficiency in soil for which they did not take any corrective measures. Most of the farmers

adopted plant protection measures and used knapsack and hand sprayer for pesticide spray.

Farmers applied cotaf plus (2ml/L) for sheath blight, Dimecron (5ml/L) or tricyclazole

(2g/L) for blast, thimate (30Kg/ha) or thiodon (5ml/L) for stem borer. The post harvest loss

was 4-15 %.

Malda: Twenty farmers in five villages in this district were contacted for production oriented

survey in this district. One survey was taken up during end of Nov, 2010 when the crops were

in dough/maturity stage. The climatic conditions were normal though some farmers faced the

problem of drought in fields. Rice cultivation consisted 100% of land area and farmers in this

region generally cultivate one rice crop in a year. The main crop rotation was rice-

potato/wheat-jute and rice-wheat/potato/mustard. Most predominant varieties in this region

were MTU 7029, Swarna, BR-II, Gobindbhog, Panijat. The average rice yield in the district

ranged from 3600-5600 kg/ha. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was 1st June

to 7th July and 1st July to 1st August. Farmers used un-germinated seeds for raising the

seedlings and used 5-10 Kg seeds/bigha. In the nursery beds, some farmers applied cow dung

manure. In addition, one of the farmers used urea fertilizer in nursery. In the main fields,

farmers applied IFFCO (10-26-26) @10 Kg/bigha, urea @8-19 Kg/bigha, SSP@ 26 Kg/bigha

and MOP @ 4-26 Kg/bigha as basal and top dressing. One of the farmers used zinc

(2Kg/bigha) and manure (30-35 Kg/bigha) also. Transplanting was done randomly by most

farmers while some did in line. Plant density ranged from 25-60 plants/m2. The intensity of



weed infestation was low-medium and the common weeds were shyama, mutha, durba,

marcelia, sushni, ganja, sedge plant, phari and phanni. Most of the farmers utilized butachlor,

pretilachlor, 2,4-D and hand weeding for the management of weeds. Low to high occurrence

of weedy rice was encountered in some farmer’s field. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation

were adequate. The only demand of the farmers was equipments (tractor, thresher, power

tiller, sprayers), drying and storage facility. Among the diseases, narrow brown spot was

recorded in high intensity while sheath blight was present in low-medium intensity. Low

intensity of false smut, sheath rot and grain discoloration was also observed. The insect pests

recorded were stem borer in low-medium intensity and mealy bug, leaf folder, rice bug, gall

midge in low intensity. Few farmers contacted had a problem of acidicity and boron

deficiency in soil for which they did not take any corrective measures. Most of the farmers

did not adopt plant protection measures. Very few farmers used knapsack sprayer for

pesticide spray. Farmers applied cypermethrin (100g/bigha) or endosil (2ml/L) or thiodan

(2ml/L) or chloropyriphos or contaf for yellow stem borer and propiconazole for sheath

blight. The post harvest loss was 1-20%.

Uttar Dinajpur: The production oriented survey was conducted at milking, dough and

mature stages of the crop in the district. The farmers of this district utilized 35-100% of their

lands for kharif rice cultivation. Total rice area in this district is 245575 Ha of which 60272

Ha is irrigated. The weather condition of the district during kharif season was normal but

early drought and drought. Most commonly practiced crop rotations were Rice–

Rice/mustard/wheat/potato/brinjal, Rice–Maize/Vegetables, Rice–mustard/wheat-jute, Rice–

Rice-Jute, Rice-Rice. The popular rice varieties grown at this area were Ranjit, Swarna, MTU

7029, Niranjan, Tulai Panji, IET 5656, PA 6444, Nagna, Rolar, PHB-71, Kalo Changa,

Janurui. The average yield of Kharif rice as reported by the farmers varied between 1.5 to 8.2

Q/ha. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting was may mid to mid july and 1st week

July to 1st August. Farmers used ungerminated seeds for raising the seedlings and the average

seed rate was 37-55 kg/Ha. In the nursery beds, most of the farmers applied compost,

cowdung (1Q/ha). In the main fields, farmers applied neem powder with urea and zinc

sulphate. Transplanting was random and plant density ranged from 40-45/m2. The intensity of

weed infestation was high to medium and in some field it is low and the common weeds were

Mercelia, Amrul, Durba, Jaunia, Grass/Algae, Mutha, Shyama, Chechon, Susuni, Colocasia,

Local Weeds, Keena, Churi, Dhupuri, Kheshi. Farmers applied Butachlor, Erase, Machete,

Pentlichlon, Hill ppt for weed management. Mostly occurrence of weedy rice was negligible

in some cases it was high and in some fields it was medium to low. Most of the inputs for rice

cultivation were adequate except equipments, Drying facility, power, water. Some of the

specific needs of the farmers are sprayer, pump set, threshers, power tiller. Among the

diseases, low intensity of sheat blight, while low to moderate intensity of sheath rot, false

smut, was recorded. The insect and other pests recorded were leaf folder and mealy bugs in

low intensity, stem borer (low-moderate), brown plant hopper (moderate to high) rats (low-

high). Most of the farmers adopted plant protection measures and they used knapsack sprayer

for applying different pesticides. Plant protections measures were not adopted by some of the

farmers. Major problem of soil was zinc deficiency but corrective measeures were adopted.

Farmers applied fungicides like Furadum, Thiodan, Monocroto-Phos, Metacid, Hostathion

for stem borer, Rogor for BPH, Carbendazin (1gm/L), Taquat for Sheath Blight, Mancozeb

(2.5gm/L) for Sheat rot. The post harvest loss was 2-20%.

Mushirabad: Five farmers in one village in this district were contacted for production

oriented survey in this district. One survey was taken up during end of Dec, 2010 when the



crops were in maturity stage. The climatic conditions were not normal and mostly farmers

faced the problem of drought in fields. Land area under rice cultivation was 50-71% and

farmers in this region generally cultivate two rice crops in a year. The main crop rotation was

jute-kharif rice-boro rice/wheat, kharif rice-boro rice/wheat and rice-rice. Most predominant

varieties in this region were Mini Swarna (B-11), Afgan, Jasmine and Gontra Dhan-I (GS-I).

The average rice yield in the district ranged from 4800-8000 kg/ha. The optimum time of

sowing and transplanting was 9 June to 30 June and 23 July to 10 August. Farmers used

germinated and un-germinated seeds for raising the seedlings. In the nursery beds, some

farmers applied cow dung manure (1500-7500 Kg/ha). In addition, some of the farmers used

IFFCO (10-26-26), gromor, urea and DAP fertilizers in nursery. In the main fields, farmers

applied IFFCO (10-26-26) @150 Kg/ha + cow dung manure, urea @300 Kg/ha, gromor @

115Kg/ha, DAP@ 110 Kg/ha and MOP @60 Kg/ha as basal and top dressing. One of the

farmers used cow dung manure as basal (9000 Kg/acre) also. Transplanting was done

randomly by some farmers while some did in line. Plant density ranged from 30-35 plants/m2.

The intensity of weed infestation was high and the common weeds were shyama, motha,

algae, sushni and jamna. Most of the farmers applied butachlor (100-200 ml/ bigha) for the

management of weeds. Low to negligible occurrence of weedy rice was encountered in some

farmer’s field. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation were adequate. The only demand of the

farmers was irrigation water, quality seeds, availability of labors and spraying machine. One

of the farmer contacted expressed financial problem in getting the inputs. Among the

diseases, only brown spot was recorded in high intensity in one of the farmer’s field. The

insect pests recorded were stem borer and mealy bug in high intensity. The entire farmers

contacted had a problem of zinc deficiency in soil for which they sprayed mahazine (100g-

1.5 Kg/bigha). Most of the farmers (90-100%) adopted plant protection measures and they

used hand sprayer for applying different pesticides. Farmers applied tarzan (20ml/10L) or

hamla (200 ml/bigha) or anth (15ml/10L) for yellow stem borer and thiodan (30 ml/10L) for

other insects including mealy bug. The post harvest loss was negligible.

Nadia: Twenty five farmers in four villages in this district were contacted for production

oriented survey in this district. One survey was taken up during end of November, 2010 when

the crops were in maturity stage. The climatic conditions were normal. Rice cultivation

consisted 25-100% of land area and farmers in this region generally cultivate one or two rice

crop in a year. The main crop rotation was rice-mustard-rice, rice-rice-vegetable and rice-

vegetable-mustard. Most predominant varieties in this region were MTU 7029, IET 4786, Lal

Swarna, Minikit, Nayanmoni, Ratna, Shatabdi, IR-36, Lalat, Pratiksha. The average rice yield

in the district ranged from 4500-6500 kg/ha. The optimum time of sowing and transplanting

was 15 June to 18 August and 15 July to 15 September. Farmers used germinated/un-

germinated seeds for raising the seedlings and used 50-80 Kg seeds/ha. In the nursery beds,

some farmers applied FYM and manures. In addition, one of the farmers used fertilizers like

sufala (15-35 Kg/ha), urea (48-120 Kg/ha), SSP(20-60 Kg/ha) and MOP (20-60 Kg/ha) in

nursery . In the main fields, farmers applied 70-120 Kg/ha nitrogen, 24-60 Kg/ha phosphorus

and 24-60 Kg/ha potash as basal and top dressing. Transplanting was done in line by most

farmers while some did randomly. Plant density ranged from 39- 50 plants/m2. The intensity

of weed infestation was low-medium and the common weeds were cyperus, cynadon and

echinochloa. Most of the farmers utilized glyphosate, paraquat, manual and hand weeding for

the management of weeds. Low to medium occurrence of weedy rice was encountered in

some farmer’s field. Most of the inputs for rice cultivation were adequate. The only demand

of the farmers was pesticides, quality seeds, drying and storage facility. Among the diseases,

sheath rot and sheath blight was recorded in low to high intensity while brown spot was

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present in low-medium intensity. Low intensity of blast, BLB and neck blast was also

recorded. The insect pests recorded were stem borer in low-high intensity and green leaf

hopper in low intensity. Few farmers contacted had a problem of zinc deficiency in soil for

which they sprayed chelamin (5-6g/L). Most of the farmers adopted plant protection

measures and used knapsack and hand sprayer for pesticide spray. Farmers applied indofil M-

45 (2.5g/L) or bavistin (1g/L) for sheath blight, Dimecron (5ml/L) or hinosan (1.5ml/L) for

blast, thiodon (5ml/L) or tarzan (2ml/L) or sumidon (1.5 ml/L) or malathion (1.5ml/L) for

stem borer. The post harvest loss was 2-15 %.

Prevalence of diseases and insect pests in West Bengal

Districts Diseases

Bl NBl BS SHBl SHR FS NBLS GD BLB

Purba Medinipur L L -- L L L-M -- L --

South 24-Parganas L L L L L L -- L --

North 24-Parganas - - L-S L-S S - - - -

Malda - - S L-M L L - L -

Uttar Dinajpur - - - L L-M L-M - - -

Mushirabad - - S - - - - - -

Nadia L L L-M L-S L-S - - - L

Districts Insect Pests

SB LF BPH MITE GLH WM MB RB CW

Purba Medinipur L L L - - L - - -

South 24-Parganas L L L L L L L

North 24-Parganas M - L - L - - - -

Malda L-M L - - - - L L -

Uttar Dinajpur L-M L M-S L

Mushirabad S - - - - - S - -

Nadia L-S L



Abbreviations:

BL- Blast, NBL- Neck Blast, BS- Brown spot, SHBL- Sheath blight, SHR- Sheath rot, FS-

False smut, LS- Leaf scald, STR- Stem rot, GD- Glume discoloration, NBLS- Narrow

brown leaf spot, BK- Bakanae, KSM- Kernel smut, UDB- Udbatta, KH- Khaira, BLB-

Bacterial leaf blight, BLS-Bacterial leaf streak, RTV- Rice tungro disease

BPH-Brown Plant Hopper, WBPH- White Backed Plant Hopper, GLH- Green Leaf

Hopper, LF- Leaf Folder, SB- Stem Borer, GM- Gall Midge, RH- Rice Hispa, WM- Whorl

Maggot, GH- Grass Hopper, CW- Case Worm, GB- Gundhi Bug, PM- Panicle Mite, MT-

Mite, RB- Rice Bug, AW- Army Worm, WTN- White Tip Nematode, TERM- Termite,

RT- Rice Thrips, HCP- Horned Caterpillar, MB- Mealy Bug, LH- Leaf Hopper, WG-

White Grub, STB-Stink bugs

Production Oriented Survey-2010 reports were compiled by the following scientists of

Department of Plant Pathology, DRR

Dr. G. S. Laha, Dr. D. Krishnaveni, Dr. M. Srinivas Prasad, Dr. D. Ladhalakshmi and

Dr. Satendra K. Mangrauthia

For help in preparation of the report

Mr. Ch. Anantha Reddy, Technical Assistant, Mr. Y. Roseswar Rao, Technical

Assistant, Plant Pathology

Final page making and arrangement for printing:

Mr. A. S. Rama Prasad, Technical Officer

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to scientists of Agricultural Universities, and staff in the state Departments

of Agriculture, who participated in the Production Oriented Surveys. Thanks are also due

to the Directors of Agriculture, Directors of Research at Agricultural Universities in

Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattishgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir,

Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Puducherry, Punjab,

Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal for according permission to their

respective officers and scientists to participate in these surveys. We are also grateful Indian

Meteorological Department for climatic data.

Documents

POS 2010