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Positive Outcomes of PBL
Dr. Jenny ChungDepartment of Rehabilitation
Sciences
Overseas findings:
PBL promotes: retention of knowledge (e.g. Albanese &
Mitchell, 1993) independent learning (e.g. Norman &
Schmidt, 1992) reflective thinking (e.g. Boud & Feletti,
1991) problem-solving skills (e.g. Barrows, 1990)
Life-long learner
Reflective clinical practitioner
Learning culture in HK
Respect teacher & knowledge Parents’ expectation
(Chan, 1999) (Stevenson & Lee, 1996)
Rote learners
Exam-driven Previous teaching-learning methods experiences(Biggs, 1991)
A questionWhat are the values of PBL for local students?
Implementation brief
PBL is adopted in a year I subject (2nd semester) of the B.Sc. (Hons) Occupational Therapy program.
Two teaching staff (tutors) are involved for the teaching of a class of 80 students.
Students work in small teams of 5-6.
Problems to facilitate learning Ill-defined and open-ended
problems in real life context.
Learning resources to support learning
Study handbook video cases resource
materials web-site as a
platform to share and discuss information
Qualitative data from reflective journals and focus-group interviews
Positive learning outcomes learning context learning environment learning skills learning attitudes
Learning Skills
“Though brainstorming is not new to me, but I seldom participated actively in the past. In the PBL tutorials, we are encouraged to use the technique ‘think aloud’ to generate issues about the problem. It helps me to think more divisively and flexibly.”
“PBL facilitates us to identify learning objectives, and search for information to acquire knowledge and develop well-organized presentations through teamwork.”
Learning Context
Creative and challenging“PBL is more creative than traditional teaching-learning methods. My motivation to learn increases because of a sense of achievement.”
“The learning process is challenging; I need to define what I should learn, how to integrate and analyze information, and how to present the information to my peers.”
Learning Environment
Nurtured collaboration and teamwork skills“What I like most is the opportunity to work together with peers. This may not happen in other subjects. …I learn to work with others who have different characters and learning attitude. …I also learn from each other’s strengths and weaknesses.”
Learning environment
Benefit from giving and receiving feedback “ Giving feedback to and receiving comments from
fellow classmates are not easy and sometimes unpleasant, but I learn reflecting upon my learning experiences and coping with negative comments.”
Improved skills of communication, negotiation and decision making
Develop trust and friendship“During the learning process, we not only learn the
method of division of labor, but we also develop a trustful peer relationship with each other.”
PBL groupwork matches with learning styles of Chinese students Chinese’s conception of
collectivism (Stokes et al., 1997) a good social network an
important attribute to career success
students use group learning and collaborative work to achieve good results (Biggs, 1991)
Learning Skills
Acquisition skills of: searching, organizing
and analyzing information
oral presentation“…we improve our
presentation skills. …Initially, we just read out the materials, then we used transparencies, and then Power Point with images and sound.”
Improvement in study skills: organizing and integrating information critical evaluation of information lateral thinking independent in learning and thinking take responsibility of own learning
“I sit for lecture in other subjects. In PBL, I participate actively and decide what to learn and how to learn.”
Learning Skills
Learning Skills
Transfer of skills to other subjects
“Since I did so much searching in this subject, I did the same for other subjects. …we searched for information before we did the assignment. …It may be due to the habit that we developed in PBL. We did not think whether we should or not, we just go and search for information.”
Learning Attitude
“I quite like the learning process, and what I discovered throughout… PBL facilitates me to learn to take responsibility of my study.”
“ Giving feedback to and receiving comments from fellow classmates are not easy and sometimes unpleasant, but I learn reflecting upon my learning experiences and coping with negative comments.”
Major limitations
PBL applies only to one subject of the whole curriculum
No comparison of a control group
positive outcomes obtained might not be wholly accountable by PBL