Power System Planning NR Sep 16 - ABBfile/Power+system+planning.pdf · Power System Planning ... (Both LCC and VSC Scheme) • Use of AIS / GIS/ Hybrid technology as per requirements

© ABB| Slide 1September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTechnical Colloquium Indonesia PLN - ABB

Nihar S Raj, Business Head – Power Consulting (Asia) , Presentation, Intercontinental, 22nd Sep 2016

© ABB| Slide 2

Important notices

September 21, 2016

1. Please be aware of Safety requirements & Emergency Exit2. Kindly keep your mobile phones in “SILENT MODE”. 3. More discussions / interactions on the topic.

Power ConsultingGlobal network of industry recognized subject matter experts…

Sri P.Trans. Planning& Operations

John D.Subsynch. Phenomenon

Dave D. HVDC/FACTS

Rodolfo K. System Stability& Dynamics

Albert K. System Studies

Sal G. Digital Grid /Distr. Planning

Lan T. Gen./Renewabl es Planning

Jin Z.Power Economics

Carlos H. SubstationAutomation

Ricardo G. Power SystemAnalysis

Bandaru K Failure Analysis Power Products

Manoj K Arc Flash Mitigation

Julia S. Industrial Power Systems

Arefeh S. Insulation Coordination

Andreas U. Distribution Sys. Modeling

Fahd H.WAMS

Ramana B.AC/DCInteraction

Alireza M.HarmonicsAnalysis

Ines Romero Renewables /Supergrids

Joaquin M. Microgrids

Paula F. Protection Coordination

Nihar R. Renewables Integration

© ABBAugust 3, 2016

Ron Willoughby T&D Planning Optimization

Khoi V.Energy Storage

A team of 125 technical experts with deep know-how, located worldwide to support you on extensive matters related to electrical power systems


Power System PlanningAgenda

1. Basic & System General Overview2. Some Challenges faced by Grid Owner3. Load Forecasting4. Generation Expansion5. Transmission Planning6. Substation Planning7. Distribution Planning


Power System PlanningNight View of Earth

http://geology.com/articles/night-satellite/satellite-view-of-earth-at-night.jpg

Europe, Eastern US, Japan, China & India shows higher night time consumptionEurope, Eastern US, Japan, China & India shows higher night time consumption


Power System PlanningBright view at Night

http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1591424

Beautiful Night view of Indonesia, Greater Jakarta to Greater SurabayaBeautiful Night view of Indonesia, Greater Jakarta to Greater Surabaya


Power System PlanningVoltage Levels in World

Challenges

Reactive Power Management

Availability of Switchgear

Corona Loss

Sustainability of grid during contingencies


Grid is ChangingGrid is Changing

Power System PlanningNext Level Grids

1200kV UHVAC SYSTEM

800kV HVDC

765kV EHVAC SYSTEM

400kV EHVAC SYSTEM

~220kV/132kV SYSTEM

Through Control of Power Flow on HVDC sections

Next Level Transmission Network i.e. 1200kV UHVAC Network

Main Transmission Level : 1200kV UHVAC/800kV HVDC Network

765kV EHVAC and 500kV HVDC System would be used as support Tr. Network

400kV AC System would be used as Sub-transmission Network


Power System PlanningNext Level Grids – Macro Grids OR Micro Grids


Power System PlanningChange is MUST….

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1. Load and Generation at different / distant places.

2. Reduce losses in the system

3. Requirement of high availability in the system

4. Integration of new technology solution within system

5. Trained & Experienced resources

6. Optimized investments / Costs

7. Over voltage / Under voltage issues within the system

8. Integration of Renewables

9. Increased short circuit levels

10. Selection of nominal rated current

11. ROW issues for transmission lines

12. High Reliability requirements

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningImportance of planning to meet future challanges by Grid Owner

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13. Reactive Power Compensation requirements

14. Environmental issues

15. Acts of Nature (Problem of flood, earth quake)

16. Increase SAFETY

17. Lesser environmental impact

18. High Security

19. Bulk Power Transfer

20. Higher Utilization of existing Assets

21. Monitoring and Analyzing the Grid Performance

22. Have Futuristic Grid

23. Many more ………

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningImportance of planning to meet future challanges by Grid Owner


Power System PlanningTime Horizon Perspective

Power System Planning1 year – 10 years

1 week – 1 year Maintenance scheduling

Unit Commitment

Economic dispatch & OPF

Automatic Generation Control

Power System Dynamics

Power System Transients

Minutes –1 week

Milliseconds -seconds

Nanoseconds–micro seconds

Pow

er s

yste

m

Ope

ratio

n


Power System PlanningBird Eye View

• Generation, Transmission & Distribution planning criteria are different.

• Each sector has a different set of challenges and solutions

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• Power system planning is a process in which the aim is to decide on new as well as upgradingexisting system elements, to adequately satisfy the loads for a foreseen future.

• The power system must respond to changes in the level and location of demand. Decisions arerequired on what and where new generating, transmission and distribution capacity is needed to meetcustomer demands and maintain quality standards.

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningBasic : Definition

Reference Fig : RUPTL 2013 – 2022 Eng.pdf

A High, “Reliability”; Design & Operation as “Economical” as possible..A High, “Reliability”; Design & Operation as “Economical” as possible..


Power System PlanningStages

• Load forecast• Generation Expansion Planning with

optimization of cost• Network expansion Planning

• Reliability Analysis• A C load flow analysis• Short circuit studies• Stability studies• Optimum cost estimation studies• Insulation coordination (EMTP/

Over voltages study)• Distribution system Planning

Power System StudiesForecast of Annual Energy & Power

Demand

Load Modeling

Generation Expansion (Choice of Optimum Mix)

New Substations (Location & Capacity)

New Power Plants (Subdivision in the Main Areas)

Network Expansion

Optimization of Equipment Characteristics


Power System PlanningLoad Forecast - Requirement


• Generation and transmission capitalinvestment

• Financial forecasting• Spinning reserve planning• Capacity planning• Planning of fuel ordering• Implementation schedule.

• The term forecast refers to projectedload requirements, determined usinga systematic process of definingfuture loads in sufficient quantitativedetail to permit important systemexpansion decisions to be made.

Load Forecast Power Demand Requirement


Power System PlanningLoad Forecasting – Uncertainity

• Forecasting the future needs for electricity is difficult, it is not possible to do Isolated forecasting.

• Electricity production and distribution are highly capital intensive

• Projects are large and lead times are long

• Role of electrical energy in the society should be reflected

• Government policy and strategic decisions taken by utility are important factors

• Forecasting should view that the future is open to the effects of many human actions.

• Uncertainties arise from the impact of the changes in public perceptions, viewpoints and policies.

• Load management planning and conservations policy give additional requirements on load forecasting.

• Need to have more plans, only single plan can be RISKY.

• By incorporating the role of uncertainty into the analysis techniques, the emphasis of planning moves from making an accurate forecast to constructing a system that can adapt readily to changes.


Power System PlanningLoad Forecasting – Factors Affecting…

Load forecast

Geographical Geographical factors

Historical Data

Population growth

Load density

Alternative

sources

Alternative energy sources

CommunityCommunityDevelopment

Plans

Industrial Plans

City plans

Land use


Power System PlanningGeneration Planning

• Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) is the first crucial step in long-term planning issues, after the load is properly forecasted for a specified future period.

• What types of power plants do we have to install?

• Where do we have to install the power plants?

• What capacities do we have to install?

• As there may be an outage on a power plant (either existing or new), should we install extra generations to account for these situations? If yes, what, where and how?

• Optimization of cost


Power System PlanningGeneration Planning


• Size, type and quality of various plants tobe known.

• Deep know how of the availableresources to ensure which type ofgeneration can give a committedexpansion

• Availability of historical data : Loadforecast, availability of generation, inputsof generation units etc.

• Max utilization of existing generationresources to take care of the base loadand utilization of gas based plants andstorage scheme for peak load.

Generation mix to meet demand with reliability Typical Generation Mix


Power System PlanningPlanning Hirarchy


Generation – HL-1

Transmission – HL-2

Distribution – HL-3

Conceptual task at HL-1 Evaluation


Power System PlanningRenewables

Source : https://energyclub.stanford.edu & ABB Technical Reviw 02/2015

Sun does not glow for the entire day and Wind does not blow for 24 hours. Solar is best especially during day time when sun is at the peak.

With big tummy and long neck, requirements to ramp is still stringent


Power System PlanningRenewables..

Source : CBIP Conference on Solar 2015

Monthly Generation trends shows variation in month wise generation.


Power System Technology TrendsSome Challanges with Renewables...

1. Different load curves in different areas with different ramp rate.2. Reactive Power requirements and fault ride through requirements.3. Compliance to Grid Code 4. Frequency control. 5. Congestion in transmission networks. (Needs to be studied in detail)6. Increasing peak to off peak ratios, load changeovers, and increase penetration of renewables7. Market Structure8. Managing Variability & Uncertainty of the load itself is challenge and higher penetration of

renewable sources may further increase it9. Wind power not coincident with peak load10. Plants connected at remote / concentrated location with weak transmission network11. Renewable plant providing less grid support during plant disturbances

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1. Once Generation and load forecast is done it is easy to identify how many lines to be built and what length

2. System shall be evolved based on detail power system study

1. Power flow

2. Short circuit

3. Stability studies (Including transient stability, voltage stability and steady state oscillatory studies

4. EMTP studies to determine switching and temporary over voltages

• Note: Voltage stability, oscillatory stability and EMTP studies may not formpart of perspective planning studies. These are however required to be donebefore any scheme report is finalised.

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – New Scheme

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• Addition of new Transmission lines to avoid overloading of existing system. (wheneverthree or more circuits of the same voltage class are envisaged between two substations, the next transmission voltage should also be considered.)

• Application of Series Capacitors in existing transmission line to increase power transfercapability.

• Upgradation of the existing AC transmission lines

• Re-conductoring of the existing AC transmission line with higher size conductors or withAAAC.

• Use of Narrow base towers

• Adoption of multi-voltage level and multi-circuit transmission lines.

• Use of HVDC Transmission (Both LCC and VSC Scheme)

• Use of AIS / GIS/ Hybrid technology as per requirements

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Strengthening Exisiting Scheme

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• In case of transmission system associated with Nuclear Power Stations there shallbe two independent sources of power supply for the purpose of providing start-uppower facilities. Further the angle between start-up power source and the NPPswitchyard should be, as far as possible, maintained within 10 degrees.

• The evacuation system for sensitive power stations viz., Nuclear Power stations, shallgenerally be planned so as to terminate it at large load centers to facilitate islandingof the power station in case of contingency.

• Where only two circuits are planned for evacuation of power from a generating station,these should be ( as far as possible) two single circuit lines instead of a doublecircuit line.

• Reactive power flow through ICTs shall be minimal. Normally it shall not exceed l0% ofthe rating of the ICTs. Wherever voltage on HV side of ICT is less than 0.975 pu noreactive power shall flow through ICT.

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Strengthening Exisiting Scheme

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• Thermal/nuclear Generating units shall normally not run at leading power-factor.However, for the purpose of charging, generating unit may be allowed to operate atleading power factor as per the respective capability curve.

• Critical loads such as - railways, metro rail, airports, refineries, underground mines, steel plants, smelter plants, etc. shall plan their interconnection with the grid, with 100% redundancy and as far as possible from two different sources of supply, in coordination with the concerned Utility

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning

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• Permissible line loading limit depend on many factors such as voltage regulation,stability and current carrying capacity (thermal capacity) etc.

• Surge Impedance Loading (SIL) gives a general idea of the loading capability of the line,it is usual to load the short lines above SIL and long lines lower than SIL (because of thestability limitations).

• For SIL loading (in-terms of surge impedance loading of uncompensated line )as afunction of line length assuming a voltage regulation of 5% and phase angular differenceof 30 degree between the two ends of the line. In case of shunt compensated lines, theSIL will get reduced by a factor k, where

k = square root (1-degree of compensation)• For lines whose permissible line loading as determined from the curve higher than the

thermal loading limit, permissible loading limit shall be restricted to thermal loading limit.

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Transmission lines


Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Transmission lines


Line Loading as function of length Thermal Loading Limits


Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – FACTS


Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – FACTS & HVDC

• Green solutions are possible

• Technology will solve future problems

• Losses will reduce.


Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Voltages

CEA Tranmssion Planning Criteria

Voltage Rating TOV due to Load Rejection & SOV Limit

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• Max fault at any new station will not exceed 80% of rated rupturing capacity of CB.Additional 20% margin is for the future increase in short circuit levels

• Capacity of the substation at different voltage levels

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Substation Planning

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• Incase of augmentation with low Short circuit, voltage stability issues needs to bechecked.

• Switching configuration at UHV and EHV levels will be one and half CB scheme.• Switching configuration will also depend on availability and maintainability

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningTransmission Planning – Substation Planning

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Power & AutomationPower & Automation

September 21, 2016

Power System PlanningSummary

ABB Power Consulting

One of the most vital element in Power System Planning – “System Studies”One of the most vital element in Power System Planning – “System Studies”

• Planning is the fist step in Power System for ensuring high reliabity

• It helps in integrating new technologies, meeting increasing load requirements and finalizing the areas to have enhancement in Generation

• Load forecasting is critical and requires a lot of inputs and coordination between planner and user

• Generation mix can help in optimizing the overall cost and ensuring availability of power

• Reliability is at a cost; this is some times inevitable

• New voltage levels can push high power but reactive power requirements need to be studied

• Different computer tools & smart algorithms have made the studies simpler.

• Different aspects are to be considered while planning on Generation, Transmission & Distribution.

Proper planning helps to reduce the gap between Demand and Supply of Power.Proper planning helps to reduce the gap between Demand and Supply of Power.


Power System PlanningSpeaker Introduction


Documents

Power System Planning NR Sep 16 - ABBfile/Power+system+planning.pdf · Power System Planning ... (Both LCC and VSC Scheme) • Use of AIS / GIS/ Hybrid technology as per requirements