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7/25/2019 PPT Assignment 1 Group 19 (2)
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Atan Tuahta (1206227535), Husnul Fajri (1206M. Fatah Karya i (1206263370), !ara"itha #$na (12062
&atri$ 'i"$ ijar $n$ (1
BIOMASS GASIFICAFOR NATURA
SUBSTITUTION INP
Assignment 1 Chemical Plant Design
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INTRODU
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Background
Biomass gasification plant background: Increasing demand of iron Limitation of gasoline, coal, LNG usage High number of biomass production
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Basic Theory
Main reaction of Iron Processing:
Iron Ore: collected frommining activity
Carbon Monoxide: reductorfrom coal or Natural Gas
Iron: Main Produ
Occurs at high temperature only
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Basic Theory
Biomass: biological material derived from living or rntl linving organisms!
Ma"or components in Biomass: #ellulose, Hemicelule, Lignin
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Marke and Ca!aci y Ana"ysis
Gap: $!% million #urrent utili&atio
million tonnes *eata+
#apacit : $ millio2 !2 " 2 "!2 2 2 2!2 # 2 #!2 $ 2 $!2 !
!
"
"!
2
2!
#
#!
$
$!
!
%emand &upply
'ear
Production (million tonnes)
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Ra# Ma eria" Ana"ysis
Parameter Rice Husks Palm Oil EFB Notes
Production
capacity
* + ,ach year- rice hus.s production is mor
palm oil ,/0
Availability in
Indonesia
* + 1ice hus. can be found in almost every
Indonesia- hile ,/0 is dominantly foun
&umatera and 3alimantan
Current usage * + It has been settled that ,/0 is used primar
biodiesel- hile rice hus. is mainly burne
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P"an Loca ion Ana"ysis
Plant location: #ilegon, Banten! nal sis Parameters:-lectricit : $ po.er plants nearb .ith capacit up to $'''
M/vailabilit of 0a. Material: can be found in 1ava Islandccess to Plant: road transportation
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PROC$SS S$L$CT
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Block Flow Diagram
Background
Analysis
ProcessSynthesis
Mass andEnergy
Balance
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Bio%ass Gasi&ica ion
RIN!IN !R"IN A#IFICA$ION
Pyrolysis Gasifcation
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GRINDING
5he process of
reducing the particlesi7e of the processedmaterial from theshape of largeconverted into asmaller si7e
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!R"IN
5he biomass needs to be
dried prior to gasification toimprove efficiency8
1otary dryers are the mostcommon type of biomassdryer8
In the rotary dryer- thebiomass is passed through arotating drum here it comesin contact ith hot gases8
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A#IFICA$ION
Gasification is a thermalprocess that brea.s do nthe chemical bonds in thefuel in order to produce anenergy rich gas8
5he process is anendothermic process hichre9uires external heat8
%ivided into t o steps
Gasification
Pyrolysis Gasifi
H R
(o) $emperature !oesn*t re&uire
O'ygen
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ACTION
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#ombustion
Gasif ing agent in partialo2idation is o2 gen, .hich ma be supplied as pureo2 gen or as air!
P415I46 O I%45ION CO2 G4&I/IC45ION
,ndothermic
1e9uires high tempera
(for fast reaction) andpressure (fir high reacconcentrations) forsignificant conversion
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3imilar .ith #4 $ Gasification
5 picall combined .ith other
gasification reactions in practical applications!
#$EA+ A#IFICA$ION H"!RO A#IFICA$ION
%irect addition of hydrogunder high pressure formmethane8
5his reaction is exothermthermodynamically favortemperatures (5 ; C)both steam and CO2 gasireactions 8
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Reac or Ty!es
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Process Se"ec ion &or Bio%ass Gasi&ica ion
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Entrained FlowGasifer
Gasify pulveri7ed fuel particles suspended in astream of oxygen (or air) and steam8
In entrained+bed reactor- methane content isvery lo ? therefore doesn@t re9uire specificfractionation8
Generally use oxygen as the oxidant andoperate at high temperatures8
5emperature is ell above ash+slaggingconditions- to ensure hugh carbon conversion8
4sh in the coal melts at the high operatingtemperature of the gasifier and is removed asli9uid slag8
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Par ic"e Re%o'a"
5o remove the largest
particles and returns them tothe gasifier8
Aor.s on the principle ofcreating a high+speed spiralairflo that applies centrifugal
force to remove particles8
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Process Se"ec ion In Iron P"an
Blast 6urnace Midre2 Process H lsa
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B"as Furnace
7sing coal as a fuel for this process Produce pig iron from iron ore b the r
educing action of carbon *supplied ascoke+ at a high temperature
5his process has a ver high temperature of about 8,9)' # *;,''' 6+ that produces the li
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MIDR$( Process
5he desired reducing gas temperature is t picall in the rangeof >'' #
7sing natural gas and agglomerated iron ore makes the process simple
5he product, ?0I, is t picall >'@ to >=@ iron Plants can operate at a .ide sp
ectrum of h drogen to carbonmono2ide ratios *'!) to ;!)+
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)y"sa In the HAL II process, reducin
g gas is generated b reforming natural gas .ith e2cess steam
5he HAL process is a c clical batch operation
5he energ consumption in
most recent plants is 8=!> G1tonne *8$!% MBtu ton+ of >'@ reduced ?0I
Production during the firmonths of operation has at capacit , .ith metalli&evels of >)@ and carbon=@ as iron carbide *cem
5his process has a high tature of about ('' # that duces the iron sponge
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Process Se"ec ion Scoring
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Process Descri! ion *Iron Processing+
Grinding: minerals are made into fine particles *C '!8
mm+ 3intering: agglomeration of fine particles b combusti
n MI?0-D Process: ?irect 0educed Iron *?0I+ Production
-lectric rc 6urnace: Produce batchs of molten steel #asting: Molten steel solidification
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Iron Processing
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MASS AND $NBA
M B " O' ""
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Mass Ba"ance - O'era""Component In Out
4sh "28!B
Cellulose #
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Mass Ba"ance - GrindingComponent Ra) +aterial !rying Feed
4sh
Cellulose #
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Mass Ba"ance - Drying
Component!ryingFeed
as6ierFeed
7apour
4shCellulose #
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Mass Ba"ance - Gasi&ica ionComponent asi6ier Feed Output as
4sh "28!B
Cellulose #
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Mass Ba"ance . Par ic"e Re%o'a"
ComponentOutput
as#yn9gas #olid
4sh "28!B 0 "28nit Operation Energy In Energy Out
!ryer #- !
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Conc usion
Biomass has great potential in Indonesia et its added value is not .idel utili&ed! Man sare offered, in .hich one of the is gasification as natural gas substitution in iron plants
5here are numerous sources for biomass ra. material ! 6or our plant, rice husks is used becof man considerations like production capacit , availabilit , and current usage!
5he gasification plant .ill be located in #ilegon, Banten .ith the production capacit of $ mtonnes per ear!
5he main processes for our plant are grinding, dr ing, gasification, particle removal, and ren of iron ore! 5he technolog used is entrained flo. gasifier to produce high level of #4!
3imulation using 3P-N HA3A3 is used in modelling the process! It is observed that H
e the most abundant component in s nEgas .ith the H $:#4 ratio is apporo2imate It is observed that from 8'' kg of biomass, (%!$= kg of s nEgas is produced! 5his number
gas .ill be used to reduce iron ore to obtain =9!=% kg of iron! It is observed that the mass efficienc of the plant is (%!$=F, .hile the energ efficienc is
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T)AN/ ,